41. EMedicine - Pediatrics, Rubella : Article By Pamela Dyne, MD Pediatrics, rubella rubella is now very rare because of widespreadcompliance with childhood immunization programs. The disease http://www.emedicine.com/EMERG/topic388.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties CME PDA ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Emergency Medicine Pediatric Pediatrics, Rubella Last Updated: July 26, 2002 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: German measles, congenital rubella syndrome AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 11 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: Pamela Dyne, MD , Program Director, Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, Division of Emergency Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles School of Medicine Pamela Dyne, MD, is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Emergency Physicians American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine , and Society for Academic Emergency Medicine Editor(s): Garry Wilkes, MD , Director, Clinical Senior Lecturer, Department of Emergency Medicine, Bunbury Health Service; Robert Konop, PharmD , Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacy, Section of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota; Grace M Young, MD

42. EMedicine - Rubella : Article By Peter C Lombardo, MD rubella rubella usually is a mild viral illness involving the skin, lymph nodes,and less commonly, the joints. rubella. Last Updated November 20, 2001, http://www.emedicine.com/DERM/topic380.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties CME PDA ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Dermatology Viral Infections Rubella Last Updated: November 20, 2001 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: German measles AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 11 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: Peter C Lombardo, MD , Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Dermatology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons Peter C Lombardo, MD, is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology American Medical Association , International Society of Dermatology Tropical, Geographic and Ecologic, New York Academy of Medicine , and New York County Medical Society Editor(s): Gregory J Raugi, MD, PhD , Chief, Veterans Administration Medical Center of Seattle; Program Director, Associate Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of Washington at Seattle; Richard Vinson, MD

43. Rubella Facts rubella. rubella rueBELL-uh is a mild but very contagious viral illness. rubellacan be prevented by immunization. What is rubella? http://www.astdhpphe.org/infect/rubella.html

Rubella Rubella is dangerous because of its ability to harm unborn babies. Infection in a pregnant woman can result in miscarriage, stillbirth, or serious birth defects. People get rubella by breathing in droplets that get into the air when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. Rubella can also spread by direct contact with fluids from the nose or throat of an infected person. Rubella can be prevented by immunization. What is rubella? Rubella is a mild but very contagious disease that is preventable with a vaccine. Other names for rubella are German measles and three-day measles. Rubella is dangerous because of its ability to harm unborn babies. Infection of a pregnant woman can result in miscarriage, stillbirth, or serious birth defects. What is the infectious agent that causes rubella? Rubella is caused by the rubella virus. Where is rubella found? Rubella is found worldwide. How do people get rubella? People get rubella by breathing in droplets that get into the air when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. Rubella can also spread by direct contact with fluids from the nose or throat of an infected person. What are the signs and symptoms of rubella?

44. Rubella (German Measles) rubella Printable Version The rubella infection acquired by the mother in thefirst 4 months of pregnancy may have a serious effect on the newborn child. http://www.dbpeds.org/conditions/conditions.cfm?Abbrev=rubella

45. Rubella rubella (German Measles). The Disease. Children who can't catch rubella can'tspread it to their mothers or to other pregnant women. rubella Immunization. http://www.ecbt.org/rubella.htm

Rubella (German Measles) The Disease Rubella is also called German measles or 3-day measles. When children get it, it is usually a mild disease. Rubella also strikes adults, and outbreaks can occur among teenagers and young adults who have not been immunized. Rubella usually occurs in the winter and spring and spreads very easily. People catch it through contact with other people who are infected. It is spread through coughing, sneezing, or talking. Usually rubella causes a slight fever which lasts for about 24 hours, and a rash on the face and neck that lasts two or three days. Young adults who get rubella may get swollen glands in the back of the neck and some pain, swelling, or stiffness in their joints (arthritis). Most people recover quickly and completely from rubella. However, the greatest danger from rubella is not to children or adults, but to unborn babies. If a woman gets rubella in the early months of her pregnancy, her chance of giving birth to a deformed baby may be as high as 80%. These babies may be born deaf or blind. They may have damaged hearts or unusually small brains. Many are mentally retarded. Miscarriages are also common among women who get rubella while they are pregnant. The last big rubella epidemic was in 1964. As a result of that epidemic about 20,000 babies were born with severe birth defects.

46. HealthCentral - General Encyclopedia - Rubella rubella. Congenital rubella syndrome occurs in 25% or more of infants bornto women who acquired rubella during the first trimester of pregnancy. http://www.healthcentral.com/mhc/top/001574.cfm

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47. Rubella (12-36 Months) Toddler Health rubella Approved by the BabyCenter Medical Advisory BoardWhat's below • What is rubella? See also What is rubella? http://www.babycenter.com/refcap/toddler/toddlerills/11386.html

var ACM, oPopup, oDefPopup, offsetTop=10, offsetLeft=10; Search Articles Store Already a member? Log in Home Toddler Health highlights ... A-to-Z index Toddler Health Rubella Approved by the BabyCenter Medical Advisory Board What's below: What is rubella? What are some of the other signs and symptoms? How does it spread? Should I call the doctor? ... See also What is rubella? Rubella, more commonly known as German measles or three-day measles, is a relatively mild but highly contagious viral infection characterized by a pink-red rash, a mild fever, and swollen lymph nodes along the sides of the neck or below the ears. It resembles regular measles, but is not the same disease.(According to the American Medical Association, the term "German" has nothing to do with the country; instead it's probably derived from the Latin word germanus , which means "similar to.") Because most children in the United States get the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine between 12 and 15 months, cases of rubella are rare here. Only 364 cases of rubella were reported in the United States in 1998, and 74 percent of those cases were in unimmunized people over 20 years old, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Before the rubella vaccine was licensed in the 60s, the disease was quite common among preschool and elementary school children. Because the virus is so contagious, it spread like wildfire through schools. Rubella is not dangerous for young children, but it can be for unborn babies during their first trimester in utero. It can cause

48. German Measles (Rubella) During Pregnancy Prenatal Health German measles (rubella) during pregnancy Approved by the BabyCenterMedical Advisory Board What's below • What is rubella? What is rubella? http://www.babycenter.com/refcap/pregnancy/prenatalhealth/9527.html

var ACM, oPopup, oDefPopup, offsetTop=10, offsetLeft=10; Search Articles Store Already a member? Log in Home Pregnancy Prenatal Health highlights ... Prenatal Health index Prenatal Health German measles (Rubella) during pregnancy Approved by the BabyCenter Medical Advisory Board What's below: What is rubella? What if I'm not immune? What can I do? See also What is rubella? Rubella, or German measles, is an infection characterized by a pink-red rash that first appears on the face and later spreads to other parts of the body, a mild fever, and swollen lymph nodes. The virus runs its course in about three days. Although rubella is a relatively mild illness, it's very dangerous for a pregnant woman as it can cause birth defects from deafness to encephalitis (inflammation of the brain) and heart defects. Fortunately, at least 75 percent of women in their childbearing years are immune to the disease, either from a childhood vaccination or a bout with German measles as a child. What if I'm not immune? What can I do? Ideally, you should get vaccinated

49. Vaccine Information About Rubella From the Immunization Action Coalition Vaccine Information for the publicand health professionals. rubella. Questions and answers about rubella. http://www.vaccineinformation.org/rubella/index.asp

From the Immunization Action Coalition Vaccine Information for the public and health professionals Rubella Home Search Diseases / Vaccines Anthrax Chickenpox Diphtheria Hepatitis A ... "Unprotected People" Photos Online Slide Set Photo Notebook Video Clips ... Visit IAC Coming soon! Questions and answers about rubella Coming soon! Questions and answers about rubella vaccine Photos Photographs of persons with rubella Videos Currently we have no videos of persons with rubella Case Histories Stories about people who have suffered or died from rubella Recommendations Official recommendations, schedules, and state mandates References Additional information about rubella, including links to journal article abstracts and many other resources Links Organizations with rubella information and resources Immunization Action Coalition http://www.immunize.org admin@immunize.org Vaccine Information for the Public and Health Professionals http://www.vaccineinformation.org

50. Rubella 1 Home Antivaccination Liars Pictures rubella rubella - liars tell us it isharmless. rubella Congenital rubella with hemorrhagic lesions in the skin. http://www.ratbags.com/rsoles/vaxliars/rubella1.htm

Home Anti-vaccination Liars Pictures Alphabetical list ... Site Map Rubella - liars tell us it is harmless RUBELLA Congenital rubella with hemorrhagic lesions in the skin. Image from: Visual Red Book on CD-ROM (2000 Red Book: 25th Edition, Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases) Thank you to the American Academy of Pediatrics Back to The Millenium Project enEmail the rsemail("Proctologist") Last updated October 05, 2002

51. Rubella rubella rubella, Latin for little red was initially considered to be a variantof measles or scarlet fever and was called third disease. Its clinical http://www.immunizationed.org/Rubella.asp

News Letter Reports Slides Pictures ... Home Rubella Rubella, Latin for "little red" was initially considered to be a variant of measles or scarlet fever and was called "third disease." Its clinical features include: an incubation period of 12-23 days, lymphadenopathy in the second week, maculopapular rash 14-17 days after exposure, and a rash on the face and neck which may be more prominent after a hot shower. For more detail and original CDC source click here: http://www.cdc.gov/health/diseases.htm RUBELLA Face of man with rubella Rash of rubella on skin of child's back. Infant with congenital rubella and "blueberry muffin" skin lesions Neck of male patient with rubella Varicella Diphtheria Hepatitis Measles ... Tetanus

52. Rubella - Everybody - New Zealand Consumer Health Information rubella german measles. What is it? rubella is a common illness whichmostly affects school age children. It is not the same as http://www.everybody.co.nz/docsd_h/germeasl.htm

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53. Nat'l Academies Press, Adverse Effects Of Pertussis And Rubella Vaccines (1991), Adverse Effects of Pertussis and rubella Vaccines (1991) Institute ofMedicine (IOM) Related Books, Buy from Catalog or View Catalog Entry. http://www.nap.edu/books/0309044995/html/

Adverse Effects of Pertussis and Rubella Vaccines Institute of Medicine ( IOM Related Books Openbook Linked Table of Contents Front Matter, pp. i-x Contents, pp. xi-xiv 1 Executive Summary, pp. 1-8 2 Histories of Pertussis and Rube..., pp. 9-31 3 Methodologic Considerations in ..., pp. 32-64 4 Evidence Concerning Pertussis V..., pp. 65-124 5 Evidence Concerning Pertussis V..., pp. 125-143 6 Evidence Concerning Pertussis V..., pp. 144-186 7 Evidence Concerning Rubella Vac..., pp. 187-205 Afterword on Research Needs, pp. 206-207 Bibliography, pp. 208-282 Glossary of Terms, pp. 283-292 Appendix A: Strategies for Gatheri..., pp. 293-319 Appendix B: Pertussis and Rubella ..., pp. 320-332 Appendix C: Animal Models for the ..., pp. 333-336 Appendix D: Technical Details of P..., pp. 337-346 Appendix E: Possible Involvement o..., pp. 347-348 Appendix F: Committee and Staff Bi..., pp. 349-354 Index, pp. 355-367 Front Matter i-x Contents xi-xiv 1 Executive Summary 2 Histories of Pertussis and Rubella Vaccines 3 Methodologic Considerations in Evaluating the Evidence 4 Evidence Concerning Pertussis Vaccines and Central Nervous System Disorders, Including Infantile Spasms, Hypsarrhythmia, Aseptic Meningitis, and Encephalopathy ... Index The Open Book page image presentation framework is not designed to replace printed books. Rather, it is a free, browsable, nonproprietary, fully and deeply searchable version of the publication which we can inexpensively and quickly produce to make the material available worldwide.

54. Jet Lag rubella Complications Congenital rubella Syndrome rubella is one ofthe TORCH Viruses; Pregnant women should avoid rubella exposure http://www.fpnotebook.com/ID190.htm

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55. German Measles (rubella) German measles (rubella) is an illness caused by a virus. German measles(rubella). Reviewed by Dr John Pillinger, GP What is German measles? http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/diseases/facts/germanmeasles.htm

The UK's leading independent health website Search NetDoctor NetDoctor.co.uk Home News and features News Newsletter Features Encyclopaedia Diseases Medicines Examinations Health centres Cancer Children's health Depression Erectile dysfunction ... All health centres Discussion and support Discussion forums Support groups Services Ask the doctor Find a hospital NetDoctor on call Search Medline ... Text message services Information About NetDoctor Commercial opportunities NetDoctor.com German measles (rubella) Reviewed by Dr John Pillinger , GP What is German measles? If a pregnant woman is infected with German measles there is a risk of damage to the unborn child. German measles (rubella) is an illness caused by a virus . Epidemics tend to break out every three to four years, although the illness is less contagious than measles and chickenpox While most children have measles in their early childhood, a lot do not get German measles until they are quite a bit older: 10 to 20 per cent of 20 to 25-year-olds have never had the disease. In fact, a lot of people have German measles in such a mild form that it is never diagnosed. Today, only very few children get German measles, as most of them are vaccinated ( MMR vaccine How do you get German measles?

56. CONGENITAL RUBELLA CONGENITAL rubella. DEFINITION 2. Maternal Reinfection. rare but cancause congenital rubella infection and teratogenesis. 2. Background. http://www.icondata.com/health/pedbase/files/CONGEN13.HTM

Pediatric Database (PEDBASE) Discipline: ID Last Updated: 5/02/94 CONGENITAL RUBELLA DEFINITION: A contagious infectious disease caused by an RNA Togavirus with ocular, central nervous system (CNS), and systemic manifestations. EPIDEMIOLOGY: incidence: 1/10,000 live births (in immunized populations) age of onset: risk factors: exposure to Rubella PATHOGENESIS: 1. Routes of Transmission 1. Neonatal 1. Antenatal (in utero) 1. Primary Maternal Infection the rate of transmission is inversely related to the gestational age: 1st trimester - 75-90% 2nd trimester - 35-40% 3rd trimester - 25-50% the risk of congenital malformations also varies inversely with the gestational age: 13-20 weeks - 10% (") inadvertent immunization of a pregnant seronegative women rarely produces fetal infection (1-2%) and does not cause congenital or teratogenic abnormalities 2. Maternal Reinfection rare but can cause congenital rubella infection and teratogenesis 2. Background production of maternal IgG and fetal IgM to rubella does not appear to be protective in many cases late-onset manifestations may be due to eventual immune-mediated injury maternal rubella may produce no fetal infection, infection only, infection + congenital abnormalities, or fetal death

57. Rubella rubella. rubella, also called German measles or threeday measles, is a verycontagious disease caused by the rubella virus. More Information on rubella. http://babyparenting.about.com/library/blillnessrubella.htm

zfp=-1 About Search in this topic on About on the Web in Products Web Hosting with Lynn M. Johnson Your Guide to one of hundreds of sites Home Articles Forums ... Help zmhp('style="color:#fff"') Subjects BUYER'S GUIDE Before You Buy Top Picks Potty Training Books ... All articles on this topic Stay up-to-date! Subscribe to our newsletter. Advertising Free Credit Report Free Psychics Advertisement Rubella Rubella, also called German measles or three-day measles , is a very contagious disease caused by the rubella virus. The virus causes fever swollen lymph nodes behind the ears , and a rash that starts on the face and spreads to the torso and then to the arms and legs. Rubella is no longer very common because most children are immunized beginning at 12 months of age. Rubella is not usually a serious disease in children, but can be very serious if a pregnant woman becomes infected. Infection with rubella in the first 3 months of pregnancy can cause serious injury to the fetus, resulting in heart damage, blindness, deafness, mental retardation, miscarriage, or stillbirth. Rubella is spread person-to-person by breathing in droplets of respiratory secretions exhaled by an infected person. It may also be spread when someone touches his or her nose or mouth after their hands have been in contact with infected secretions (such as saliva) of an infected person. A person can spread the disease from as many as 5 days before the rash appears to 5 to 7 days after.

58. Rubella rubella. Definition rubella is a contagious viral infection with mild symptomsassociated with a rash. Alternative Names Three day measles; German measles. http://www.iowaclinic.com/adam/ency/article/001574.shtml

Disease Injury Nutrition Poison ... Prevention Rubella Definition: Rubella is a contagious viral infection with mild symptoms associated with a rash Alternative Names: Three day measles; German measles Causes, incidence, and risk factors: The disease is caused by a virus that is spread through the air or by close contact. It can also be transmitted to a fetus by a mother with an active infection, causing severe disease in the fetus. In children and adults, rubella is usually mild and may even go unnoticed. Children generally have few symptoms, but adults may experience fever headache malaise , and a runny nose before the rash appears. A person can transmit the disease from 1 week before the onset of the rash, until 1-2 weeks after the rash disappears. The disease is less contagious than rubeola measles ). Lifelong immunity to the disease follows infection, and there is a safe and effective vaccine to prevent rubella. Rubella is most serious because of its ability to produce defects in a developing fetus if the mother is infected during early pregnancy Congenital rubella syndrome occurs in 25% or more of infants born to women who acquired rubella during the first trimester of pregnancy Defects are rare if the infection occurs after the 20th week of pregnancy. One or more defects may occur in an infected fetus and include

59. Rubella rubella (German measles) is usually a mild febrile disease causedby a virus of the family Togaviridae, genus Rubivirus. rubella. http://www.health.gov.au/pubhlth/strateg/communic/factsheets/rubella.htm

This site uses Javascript for its navigation, if you have javascript turned off please use the buttons on the left hand side of the page. Please select a topic from list... Alcohol Australia's Biosecurity Health Response Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Bowel Cancer Screening Pilot Breastfeeding BreatScreen Australia Cervical Screening Program National Child Nutrition Program Communicable Diseases National Comorbidity Project Disaster Medicine Unit Environmental Health Falls Prevention for Older People Initiative Folate Food Policy Group Health Inequalities Research Collaboration (HIRC) Hepatitis C HIV/AIDS Immunise Australia Program Injury Prevention JETACAR National Drug Strategy National Illicit Drug Strategy (Tough on Drugs) National Health Strategy Papers Physical Activity Pituitary Hormone Initiatives Population Health Social Marketing Promoting Healthy Weight Tobacco RUBELLA The disease and its agent Rubella (German measles) is usually a mild febrile disease caused by a virus of the family Togaviridae, genus Rubivirus

60. Measles Mumps Rubella (MMR) Vaccine - Institute For Vaccine Safety MMR/MEASLES VACCINE. Measles, Mumps, and rubella vaccination and bowel problemsor developmental regression in children with autism population study. http://www.vaccinesafety.edu/cc-mmr.htm

MMR/MEASLES VACCINE Measles, Mumps, and rubella vaccination and bowel problems or developmental regression in children with autism: population study. This paper by Taylor et al in the [Feb 16 2003] BMJ adds to the growing body of evidence that show no involvement of MMR vaccine in the development of autism. The authors report on their investigation of 473 and conclude that their data shows neither a "new variant' form of MMR-associated autism nor evidence of MMR contributing to the onset of autism. BMJ 2003;324:393-6. MMR and autistic enterocolitis: consistent epidemiological failure to find an association. In a News & Commentary in Molecular Psychiatry [Feb 2003], Fombonne and Cook review a recent paper by Taylor et al on MMR and Autistic Enterocolitis. Fombonne and Cook review Taylor's paper as well as the hypothesis by Wakefield et al that speculated about a connection between MMR and autism and ask, "How many more well-powered epidemiological investigations ... will be necessary for this hypothesis to be completely discarded?". Molecular Psychiatry 2003;8:133-4

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