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         Rubella:     more books (100)
  1. MMR/autism link dismissed in IOM report: thimerosal also cleared. (News).(measles, mumps, and rubella)(Institute of Medicine): An article from: Pediatric News by Sally Koch Kubetin, 2004-06-01
  2. Rubella Medical Guide by Qontro Medical Guides, 2008-07-09
  3. Rubella: First Annual Symposium of the Eastern Pennsylvania Branch, American Society for Microbiology (American lecture series, publication no. 867. A ... American lectures in clinical microbiology) by Herman Friedman, 1973-06
  4. International Symposium on Rubella Vaccines : Proceedings on the 23rd Symposium by R. H. - Editor Regamey, 1969
  5. Rubella and other virus infections during pregnancy;: A report ([Gt. Brit.] Ministry of Health. Reports on public health and medical subjects) by Margaret M Manson, 1960
  6. Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine: Rubella by Kathleen Wright, 2001-01-01
  7. Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine: Rubella by Tish Davidson A.M., 2002-01-01
  8. Worldwide Eradication of Rubella Possible.(Brief Article)(Statistical Data Included): An article from: Family Practice News by Barbara Baker, 2000-01-15
  9. Propagation in Tissue Culture of Cytopathic Agents from Patients with Rubella-like Illness. by T.H.; et al. WELLER, 1962
  10. Palaina Rubella
  11. Progress toward elimination of measles and prevention of congenital rubella infection--European Region, 1990-2004.: An article from: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report by F.X. Hanon, J.S. Spika, et all 2005-02-25
  12. Minuartia: Minuartia Rubella, Minuartia Stolonifera, Minuartia Decumbens, Minuartia Stricta, Minuartia Howellii, Minuartia Nuttallii
  13. A Treatise On The Acute, Infectious Exanthemata; Including Variola, Rubeola, Scarlatina, Rubella, Varicella And Vaccinia by William Thomas Corlett, 2010-09-10
  14. Rubella: An entry from Gale's <i>Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine, 3rd ed.</i> by Tish, A.M. Davidson, 2006

81. DHHS, Tasmania - Public And Environmental Health - Rubella
rubella. An infection caused by the rubella virus. Ninety damage). The risklowers to about 10 to 20% if the mother gets rubella at 16 weeks.
http://www.dhhs.tas.gov.au/publichealth/communicablediseases/rubella.html
search services help contacts ... all site updates rubella : communicable diseases public health Rubella
An infection caused by the rubella virus. Ninety per cent of pregnancies where the mother has suffered from rubella in the first 8-10 weeks risk damage to the unborn child. Multiple defects are common (deafness, blindness, brain and heart damage). The risk lowers to about 10 to 20% if the mother gets rubella at 16 weeks. The risk lessens the further pregnant the woman is. However, there have been reports of defects up to 20 weeks. Fast Facts All pregnant women with suspected rubella or exposure to rubella should seek specialist obstetric advice, regardless of a history of rubella or rubella vaccination. Rubella is a Notifiable Disease.

82. RUBELLA ABs
MAb 16 Product 10190 Specific for E1 and reacts on Western Blots with reducedor non-reduced antigens. IgG2a with K light chain. Exhibits low HI activity.
http://www.viralantigens.com/html/rubella_abs.html
MAb 1-6 Product
  • Specific for E1 and reacts on Western Blots with reduced or non-reduced antigens. IgG2a with K light chain. Exhibits low HI activity. Neutralizes infectivity.
MAb 2-6 Product
  • Specific for E1 and reacts with non-reduced antigens only. IgG2a with K light chain. Exhibits high level HI activity. Neutralizes infectivity.
MAb 2-36 Product
  • Specific for C protein and reacts with reduced or non-reduced antigens on Western Blots. IgG1 with K chain. No HI activity. No neutralization of infectivity.
MAb 26-24 Product
  • Specific for E2 and reacts with reduced or non-reduced antigens on Western Blots. IgG1 with K chain. No HI activity. Low level neutralization of infectivity.
MAb 2-42 Product
  • Specific for E1 and reacts only with non-reduced antigens on Western Blots. IgG2a with K chain. Exhibits high level HI activity. Exhibits neutralizing activity.
MAb 2-13 Product
  • Specific for E1 and reacts on non-reduced antigens. IgG2a with K light chain. Exhibits high level HI activity. No neutralization of infectivity.
MAb 3-7 Product
  • Specific for E1 and reacts on non-reduced antigens.

83. Rubella: Page 1/11
rubella Radial Haemolysis. Since it is a relatively cheap test, it has been used toscreen for rubella virus antibody in recent national vaccination campaigns.
http://www-micro.msb.le.ac.uk/LabWork/rub/rub1.htm
LabWork
Rubella Radial Haemolysis
This assay is widely used as a rapid screening method for the presence of antibodies to a haemagglutinating virus. Detection of these antibodies is based on complement-mediated lysis of sensitized erythrocytes suspended in an agarose gel. Since it is a relatively cheap test, it has been used to screen for rubella virus antibody in recent national vaccination campaigns. NEXT AJC

84. Rubella News
Memo. Sponsored by LawMemo.Com. News Reports update frequently. Werecommend refreshing your browser. rubella Medical Abortion AIDS
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85. Rubella | Vhihealthe
rubella. Further Reading. Books Cooper, Louis Z. rubella. In Rudolph's Pediatrics,20th ed., edited by MM Rudolph, JIE Hoffman, and CD Rudolph.
http://www2.vhihealthe.com/topic/rubella
You are here: Home Children's Health
Rubella Related topics: Measles
Mumps

Davidson, Tish Below:
Definition

Description

Causes and symptoms

Diagnosis
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Definition
Rubella is a highly contagious viral disease, spread through contact with discharges from the nose and throat of an infected person. Although rubella causes only mild symptoms of low fever, swollen glands, joint pain, and a fine red rash in most children and adults, it can have severe complications for women in their first trimester of pregnancy. These complications include severe birth defects or death of the fetus. Description Rubella is also called German measles or three-day measles. This disease was once a common childhood illness, but its occurrence has been drastically reduced since vaccine against rubella became available in 1969. In the 20 years following the introduction of the vaccine, reported rubella cases dropped 99.6%. Only 229 cases of rubella were reported in the United States in 1996. Rubella is spread through contact with fluid droplets expelled from the nose or throat of an infected person. A person infected with the rubella virus is contagious for about seven days before any symptoms appear and continues to be able to spread the disease for about four days after the appearance of symptoms. Rubella has an incubation period of 12-23 days. Although rubella is generally considered a childhood illness, people of any age who have not been vaccinated or previously caught the disease can become infected. Having rubella once or being immunized against rubella normally gives lifetime immunity. This is why vaccination is so effective in reducing the number of rubella cases.

86. *** Vaccinations And Childhood Immunizations :: Information Website ***
The laboratory criteria for diagnosis is isolation of rubella virus, or a significantrise in rubella antibody level by any standard serologic assay, or
http://www.avn.org.au/Vaccination Information/Rubella.htm

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87. FamilyFun: Health Encyclopedida: Rubella (German Measles)
An excerpt on rubella (german measles) from the Disney Encyclopedia ofBaby and Child Care. rubella (GERMAN MEASLES), This viral disease
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All Experts parent ... to parent Get tips, support Parenting Boards Expecting Potty Training Sleep Stay-at-Home Moms ... E-Cards Creative. Fun. Free. Catching up is easy to do. Send an E-Card RUBELLA (GERMAN MEASLES) This viral disease is generally mild in small children. However, when it is acquired during pregnancy, rubella can be truly devestating. Rubella infection in a pregnant woman can cause a wide range of serious birth defects in up to 60 percent of infants exposed during the first month of gestation. Those defects may include heart and eye abnormalities, deafness, low birth rate, encephalitis (brain inflammation) and liver and kidney malfunction. Fortunately, a rubella vaccine was licensed in 1969 and currently is given in conjunction with measles and mumps vaccines at age 15 months, followed in most areas by a booster at school entry. (For more information on this and other vaccines, see Immunizations ). Thanks to rubella immunization, the number of cases of congenital rubella has fallen drastically in the past 20 years. Even so, small outbreaks of rubella occasionally occur, mainly among adults who neither had the disease nor received the immunization.

88. Tulsaworld.com Health
GERMAN MEASLES (rubella, Three day measles) rubella is a contagiousviral infection with mild symptoms associated with a rash. Causes
http://www.tulsaworld.com/health/HealthInfectious_GerMeasle.asp
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Back Pain ... Weight LINKS Seasonal Travel Health Children/Youth Health GERMAN MEASLES (Rubella, Three day measles) Rubella is a contagious viral infection with mild symptoms associated with a rash. Causes and risks The disease is caused by a virus that is spread through the air or by close contact. It can also be transmitted to a fetus by a mother with an active infection, causing severe disease in the fetus. In children and adults, rubella is usually mild and may even go unnoticed. Children generally have few symptoms, but adults may experience fever, headache, malaise, and a runny nose before the rash appears. A person can transmit the disease from 1 week before the onset of the rash, until 1-2 weeks after the rash disappears. The disease is less contagious than rubeola (measles). Lifelong immunity to the disease follows infection, and there is a safe and effective vaccine to prevent rubella. Rubella is most serious because of its ability to produce defects in a developing fetus if the mother is infected during early pregnancy. Congenital rubella syndrome occurs in 25% or more of infants born to women who acquired rubella during the first trimester of pregnancy.

89. Rubella
MAIN SEARCH INDEX rubella. rubella is a highly contagious viral disease, spread throughcontact with discharges from the nose and throat of an infected person.
http://www.hendrickhealth.org/healthy/001209.htm
MAIN SEARCH INDEX
Rubella
Definition
Rubella is a highly contagious viral disease, spread through contact with discharges from the nose and throat of an infected person. Although rubella causes only mild symptoms of low fever , swollen glands, joint pain , and a fine red rash in most children and adults, it can have severe complications for women in their first trimester of pregnancy . These complications include severe birth defects or death of the fetus.
Description
Rubella is also called German measles or three-day measles. This disease was once a common childhood illness, but its occurrence has been drastically reduced since vaccine against rubella became available in 1969. In the 20 years following the introduction of the vaccine, reported rubella cases dropped 99.6%. Only 229 cases of rubella were reported in the United States in 1996. Rubella is spread through contact with fluid droplets expelled from the nose or throat of an infected person. A person infected with the rubella virus is contagious for about seven days before any symptoms appear and continues to be able to spread the disease for about four days after the appearance of symptoms. Rubella has an incubation period of 12-23 days. Although rubella is generally considered a childhood illness, people of any age who have not been vaccinated or previously caught the disease can become infected. Having rubella once or being immunized against rubella normally gives lifetime immunity. This is why

90. Aventis Pasteur MSD UK
What is rubella? Who is at risk? What are the complications of rubella?rubella screening Preventions of rubella For further
http://www.apmsd.co.uk/disease/dis_rubella.html
Introduction
Diphtheria

Hepatitis A

Hepatitis B
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Rabies

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Tetanus

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Preventions of Rubella
Rubella or German measles as it is commonly known, is a mild infectious disease caused by a virus. It is characterised by a rash, swollen glands and fever in those individuals who contract it and develop symptoms however many individuals have no symptoms. If it is contracted during the first eight to ten weeks of pregnancy, there is a 90% chance of damage to the unborn child with multiple defects present at birth. This is known as Congenital Rubella Syndrome. Rubella is spread via droplet infection that is respiratory secretions of an infected person to one who is not immune - coughs and sneezes. The incubation period is 14-21 days and the patient is infectious from one week before until four days after the rash appears. top While rubella is a mild disease in children it is a major threat to women in the first trimester of pregnancy Before the introduction of rubella vaccine in the 1970s, Congenital Rubella Syndrome was relatively common in Europe. Cases of rubella fell dramatically after the introduction of MMR (measles, mumps and rubella) vaccine in various countries. With many countries in Europe, including the UK, having now introduced a second dose of MMR (given at pre-school age), the figures for rubella continue to fall. A further benefit following the introduction of MMR vaccine has been the reduction in the number of therapeutic abortions in Europe.

91. Rubella
VIROLOGY CHAPTER FIFTEEN. rubella (GERMAN MEASLES) VIRUS. TEACHING OBJECTIVES. Mumpsand measles viruses are members of the Paramyxovirus family. rubella.
http://www.med.sc.edu:85/mhunt/rubella.htm
Dr. Margaret Hunt MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY, MBIM 650/720 READING: Murray et al., Microbiology, 3rd Ed., Chapter 59 pp. 499-502 VIROLOGY - CHAPTER FIFTEEN RUBELLA (GERMAN MEASLES) VIRUS TEACHING OBJECTIVES Brief review of structure and properties of rubella virus. Discussion of viral pathogenesis and disease, epidemiology, prevention and treatment. Figure 1 Electron micrograph of rubella virus CDC/Dr. Erskine Palmer INTRODUCTION Infections with measles, mumps and rubella viruses are confined to man and occur worldwide. They are all spread primarily via the aerosol route. Each of these viruses exists as a single serotype. MMR vaccine contains live, attenuated forms of all three of these viruses. Rubella virus is a member of the Togavirus family. Mumps and measles viruses are members of the Paramyxovirus family. RUBELLA Rubella (means "little red" also known as German measles) is a mild disease in children and adults, but can cause devastating problems if it infects the fetus , especially if infection is in the first few weeks of pregnancy.

92. Guidelines For The Control Of Infectious Diseases - Rubella
rubella. Victorian Statutory Requirement. Group B notification for bothacute rubella and congenital rubella syndrome (CRS).
http://www.dhs.vic.gov.au/phb/hprot/inf_dis/bluebook/rubella.htm
Public Health Division Department of Human Services Government of Victoria Australia home news ... about THE BLUE BOOK : Guidelines for the control of infectious diseases Contents
Rubella
Victorian Statutory Requirement
Group B notification for both acute rubella and congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). School exclusion (acute rubella).
lnfectious Agent
Rubella virus.
Clinical Features
Rubella is a mild febrile viral illness characterised by a diffuse punctate and maculopapular rash. Children usually experience few or no constitutional symptoms but adults may experience a one- to five-day prodrome of low-grade fever, headache, malaise, mild coryza and conjunctivitis. Postauricular, occipital and posterior cervical lymphadenopathy is common and precedes the rash by five to 10 days. Complications include arthralgia and, less commonly, arthritis, particularly among adult females. Encephalitis is a rare complication. Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) occurs in less than 25 per cent of infants born to women who acquire rubella during the first trimester of pregnancy.
Case Definition
There is a generalised maculopapular rash and a fever, and one or more of:

93. Diseases And Conditions -- Discovery Health -- Rubella
rubella By Danielle Zerr, MD. rubella, or German measles, is a viralinfection characterized by a rash. What is going on in the body?
http://health.discovery.com/diseasesandcond/encyclopedia/382.html
rubella By Danielle Zerr, MD Rubella, or German measles, is a viral infection characterized by a rash. What is going on in the body? The rubella virus is spread when uninfected people come in contact with secretions from infected persons. Most frequently, this is due to exposure to droplets from coughs and sneezes and mucous from the nose. Rubella can also be passed from a mother to her fetus during pregnancy. What are the signs and symptoms of the infection? About half the time there are no symptoms. Symptoms that do occur are usually mild and begin about 2 to 3 weeks after acquiring the virus. Symptoms include slight fever and rash. The rash is not unique and may appear on the face first as flat or slightly raised red spots. It may then spread to the body, arms and legs. Low-grade fever for a day or two, followed by joint pains may occur. Some people have swelling and redness of the joints. Rarely, people may have low counts of cells involved in blood clotting, called platelets. Encephalitis (en-sef-ah-lite-is), an infection involving the brain, may also rarely occur. Infection in a fetus can cause many serious problems in the infant, including:

94. NELH VBL Page
Measles, Mumps and rubella Vaccine (MMR) 15 Second summary The views of the MedicinesControl Agency and Department of Health on the controversy surrounding
http://www.nelh.shef.ac.uk/nelh/kit/ch/docs.nsf/6455c0d1602e15b580256b37003ebc71
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95. Rubella
rubella. . rubella also called German measles and or Three day measles.rubella is a contagious viral infection that is associated
http://www.med-help.net/Rubella.html
Rubella
Rubella:
also called German measles and or Three day measles. Rubella is a contagious viral infection that is associated with a rash, inflamed eyes that may last one - to five days before the rash appears, fever, malaise, runny nose, and headache. Rubella is cause by a virus that is transmitted through the air or by close contact. An expecting mother who has this disease can transmit it to the fetus, and it can be very serious because it can cause defects to their unborn child. If the women is infected with Rubella in her first trimester, congenital rubella syndrome can occur, and defects are rare if the expecting mom contracted rubella after her 20th week of pregnancy. A person can transmit rubella from 7 days before rash appears and until 1 week after the rash disappears. Symptoms: Red rash
Low grade fever
Headache
Malaise
Runny nose
Inflammation of the eyes Or the patient may experience no symptoms at all. Treatment: There is no specific treatment for Rubella. Other than- See your Doctor.
Rest.

96. GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines - Disease Summary
This information on rubella is excerpted from the Centers for Disease Control andPrevention (CDC), Epidemiology and Prevention of VaccinePreventable Diseases
http://gskvaccines.com/vaccines/pages/disease_summary.jsp?disease=RUBELLA

97. Health Ency.: Disease: Rubella
rubella See images. Definition rubella is a contagious viral infectionwith mild symptoms associated with a rash. Causes and Risks.
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Ency. home Disease R Rubella See images Overview Symptoms Treatment ... Prevention Alternative names: Three day measles; German measles Definition: Rubella is a contagious viral infection with mild symptoms associated with a rash Causes and Risks The disease is caused by a virus that is spread through the air or by close contact. It can also be transmitted to a fetus by a mother with an active infection, causing severe disease in the fetus. In children and adults, rubella is usually mild and may even go unnoticed. Children generally have few symptoms, but adults may experience fever headache malaise , and a runny nose before the rash appears. A person can transmit the disease from 1 week before the onset of the rash, until 1-2 weeks after the rash disappears. The disease is less contagious than rubeola measles ). Lifelong immunity to the disease follows infection, and there is a safe and effective vaccine to prevent rubella. Rubella is most serious because of its ability to produce defects in a developing fetus if the mother is infected during early pregnancy Congenital rubella syndrome occurs in 25% or more of infants born to women who acquired rubella during the first trimester of pregnancy Defects are rare if the infection occurs after the 20th week of pregnancy. One or more defects may occur in an infected fetus and include

98. Rubella
rubella (German Measles). rubella (German Measles) is an infection caused bya virus. rubella spreads from person to person through the air or by touch.
http://www.nwhu.on.ca/rubella.htm
FACTS ABOUT
Rubella (German Measles)
Rubella (German Measles) is an infection caused by a virus. Due to a very good vaccine that prevents most cases, rubella is no longer very common. Children are given this vaccine when they are 1 year old. Rubella may cause a mild illness with a low fever, swelling of the glands in the neck and behind the ears, and a rash with small red spots. Rubella spreads from person to person through the air or by touch. People with rubella can spread it from a few days before the rash starts until 5 to 7 days after. Children usually get a mild form of the infection, so mild that they do not show any signs of illness. The infection may also be very mild in adults, although it can create serious problems for pregnant women. If a woman gets rubella in the first three months of pregnancy, there is a very high chance of the unborn child dying or developing serious defects. A physician can diagnose rubella by doing a blood test. If the infection is found, there is no medication to cure it. Antibiotics are ineffective because rubella is caused by a virus. Things Parents Can Do
  • Check immunization records to see if you and your child have had the rubella or MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) vaccine if another child has rubella.

99. Corporate Company Profile Press Release Management Board Of
rubella, rubella Vaccine. Infection with rubella virus during the firsttrimester of pregnancy causes profound defects in the fetus.
http://www.dictagene.ch/index.php?menu=14

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