61. CNN.com - Scientists Want Your PCs To Fight Smallpox - Feb. 5, inthe-haystack search, but a coalition of scientists and technology companiesthink they may be able to make headway on a cure for smallpox using computer http://www.cnn.com/2003/HEALTH/02/05/computers.smallpox.ap/

62. Modern History Sourcebook: Edward Jenner (1749-1823): Three Original Publication Three original publications on vaccination against smallpox, 1798. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1798jenner-vacc.html

Back to Modern History Sourcebook Modern History Sourcebook: Edward Jenner Three Original Publications On Vaccination Against Smallpox, 1798 Introductory Note Edward Jenner was born at his father's vicarage at Berkeley, Gloucestershire, England, on May 17, 1749. After leaving school, he was apprenticed to a local surgeon, and in 1770 he went to London and became a resident pupil under the great surgeon and anatomist, John Hunter, with whom he remained on intimate terms for the rest of Hunter's life. In 1773 he took up practise at Berkeley, where, except for numerous visits to London, he spent the rest of his life. He died of apoplexy on January 26, 1823. Jenner's scientific interests were varied, but the importance of his work in vaccination has overshadowed his other results. Early in his career he had begun to observe the phenomena of cowpox, a disease common in the rural parts of the western counties of England, and he was familiar with the belief, current among the peasantry, that a person who had suffered from the cowpox could not take smallpox. Finally, in 1796, he made his first experiment in vaccination, inoculating a boy of eight with cowpox, and, after his recovery, with smallpox; with the result that the boy did not take the latter disease. Jenner's first paper on his discovery was never printed; but in 1798 appeared the first of the following treatises. Its reception by the medical profession was highly discouraging; but progress began when Cline, the surgeon of St. Thomas' Hospital, used the treatment with success. Jenner continued his investigations, publishing his results from time to time, and gradually gaining recognition; though opposition to his theory and practise was at first vehement, and has never entirely disappeared. In 1802, Parliament voted him 10,000, pounds and in 1806, 20,000, pounds in recognition of the value of his services, and the sacrifices they had entailed. As early as 1807, Bavaria made vaccination compulsory; and since that date most of the European governments have officially encouraged or compelled the practise; and smallpox has ceased to be the almost universal scourge it was before Jenner's discovery.

63. CNN.com - Military Three Serious Reactions In Smallpox Three serious reactions have been reported out of more than 100000 military vaccinationsagainst smallpox, the Army's deputy director for military vaccines http://www.cnn.com/2003/HEALTH/02/13/military.smallpox.vaccine.ap/

64. Frontline: Plague War A report on the growing threat of biological weapons in the world, biological warfare, bio agents, bio terrorism and the rise and fall of the Soviet Union's secret biological weapons program which included anthrax, plague and smallpox. (PBS Frontline) http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/plague/

var loc = "../../"; Last updated October 1998 interviews 1979 anthrax leak what happened in south africa faqs ... pbs online New Content [site produced oct. 1998] document.write(sidenavsub);

65. New York City Department Of Health - Smallpox, July 2000 Draft Medical Treatment and Response to Suspected smallpox Information for Health CareProviders During Biologic Emergencies. D. Clinical Complications of smallpox http://www.nyc.gov/html/doh/html/cd/smallmd.html

New York City Department of Health Bureau of Communicable Disease Medical Treatment and Response to Suspected Smallpox: Information for Health Care Providers During Biologic Emergencies July 2000 Draft Key Summary Points Introduction/Epidemiology Significance as a Potential Bioterrorist Agent Clinical Manifestations ... References ALL SUSPECT CASES OF SMALLPOX MUST BE REPORTED IMMEDIATELY TO THE BUREAU OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASE: During Business Hours: After Hours (Nights, Weekends and Holidays): 212-POISONS KEY SUMMARY POINTS Epidemiology: Highly infectious after aerosolization Person-to-person transmission occurs About 30% of susceptible contacts will become infected Clinical: Incubation period is 12-14 days (ranges 7-17 days) Characteristic rash appears 2-3 days after nonspecific, flu-like prodrome (fever and headache) Maculopapular rash begins on face, hands, forearms and spreads to legs and centrally to trunk; Lesions are more predominant on the extremities than the trunk. Lesions progress synchronously from macules to papules to vesicles to pustules to crusty scabs Diagnosis: Vesicular fluid is obtained by opening lesions with a scalpel and harvesting fluid on a clean microscopic slide; scabs can be removed by forceps

66. INFORMED CHOICE smallpox and anthrax bioterrorism vaccine programs discussed; side effects of more common childhood inoculations (e.g. autism, sudden infant death, SV40 contamination); includes conflicts of interest issues http://www.informedchoice.info

Top: To Bottom of page Third Heart Attack Death Reported Following Smallpox Vaccination SOURCE: www.foxnews.com (March 28, 2003 ) WASHINGTON - A 55-year-old National Guardsman died this week from a heart attack, the Pentagon said Friday, in the third such death that followed a smallpox vaccination. The Defense Department is joining the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in deferring people with heart disease from being given the vaccinations until a possible relationship can be investigated, said Dr. Bill Winkenwerder, assistant secretary of defense for health affairs. Smallpox / Bioterrorism Polio / SV40 MMR / Autism DPT / Encephalitis Hepatitis B Anthrax / Gulf War Illness SBS / SIDS Bio Delivery Systems International Scene Conflicts of Interest Experts Say Annals of Internal Medicine. Smallpox: educate-yourself.org By Tim O'Shea More information about smallpox Sheri Nakken, RN, MA 20 reasons not to take the smallpox vaccine FORGOTTEN? 90 million doses

67. Edward Jenner Biography. Also statistics of smallpox casualties in London in 1844. http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/edward_jenner.htm

Edward Jenner Edward Jenner is alongside the likes of Joseph Lister Robert Koch and Louis Pasteur in medical history . Edward Jenner was born in and died in . Edward Jenner’s great gift to the world was his vaccination for smallpox. This disease was greatly feared at the time as it killed one in three of those who caught it and badly disfigured those who were lucky enough to survive catching it. Edward Jenner was a country doctor who had studied nature and his natural surroundings since childhood. He had always been fascinated by the rural old wives tale that milkmaids could not get smallpox. He believed that there was a connection between the fact that milkmaids only got a weak version of smallpox – the non-life threatening cowpox – but did not get smallpox itself. A milkmaid who caught cowpox got blisters on her hands and Jenner concluded that it must be the pus in the blisters that somehow protected the milkmaids. Jenner decided to try out a theory he had developed. A young boy called James Phipps would be his guinea pig. He took some pus from cowpox blisters found on the hand of a milkmaid called Sarah. She had milked a cow called Blossom and had developed the tell-tale blisters. Jenner ‘injected’ some of the pus into James. This process he repeated over a number of days gradually increasing the amount of pus he put into the boy. He then deliberately injected Phipps with smallpox. James became ill but after a few days made a full recovery with no side effects. It seemed that Jenner had made a brilliant discovery.

68. Smallpox Anthrax. Botulism. Plague. smallpox. Tularemia. VHF. Biosecurity. Irradiation.Foodborne Disease. Bioterrorism. smallpox. News. Overview. Quick VaccinationGuide. http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/cidrap/content/bt/smallpox/

Hot Topics Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Bioterrorism General Bioterrorism Information Anthrax Botulism Plague Smallpox Tularemia VHF Biosecurity Agricultural Biosecurity Food Biosecurity Food Safety General Food Safety Information Irradiation Foodborne Disease Bioterrorism Smallpox News Overview Quick Vaccination Guide Clinical Pathway ... Guidelines Latest News Military smallpox vaccinee dies of heart attack; ACIP considers options Mar 28 IOM again urges caution in smallpox shot program Mar 27 CDC tells heart patients to avoid smallpox shot for now Mar 26 HHS to distribute $1.4 billion in biodefense funds to states Mar 20 Senate panel approves 'BioShield,' nixes smallpox compensation plan Mar 20 More Smallpox News... New in This Section From Selected Reading Cardiac adverse events following smallpox vaccination: United States, 2003 (From Mar 28 MMWR From Selected Reading Smallpox vaccine adverse events among civilians: United States, 2003 (from Mar 21 MMWR Smallpox Overview (updated Mar 27) ... Quick Guide to Preexposure Vaccination (updated Mar 27) From Selected Reading Draft recommendations for use of smallpox vaccine in a pre-event smallpox vaccination program (ACIP/HICPAC document updated Feb 10) About Us Center Support ... Home

69. LearnWell Smallpox Epidemic Continuing Education Short Course. A short course for nursing continuing education on smallpox. http://www.learnwell.org/smallpox.htm

Smallpox Epidemic: Could you deal with it? From the LearnWell Online Continuing Education Center Take this course LW-N421 for free. Or study this web-site for an approved (RN-CEP 11430, MFT- PCE 39) 3-hours Continuing Education Certificate (0.3 CEUs) and take the 12-question multiple-choice test that is linked to the bottom of this page. Objectives: At the end of this module, the participant will 1) describe smallpox, 2) identify smallpox skin lesions, 3) describe smallpox transmission, and 4) list smallpox protection measures. Take the Virus Pre-test now . And/or explore Virus Quiz 1 and Virus Quiz 2. 1. What is smallpox? "That disease...was then the most terrible of all the ministers of death. The havoc of the Plague had been far more rapid: but Plague had visited our shores only once or twice within living memory; and the small pox was always present, filling the churchyard with corpses, tormenting with constant fears all whom it had not yet stricken, leaving on those whose lives it spared the hideous traces of its power, turning the babe into a changeling at which the mother shuddered, and making the eyes and cheeks of a betrothed maiden objects of horror to the lover." -Thomas Babington Macaulay

70. The Smallpox Protection Project Join the smallpox Protection Project by downloading the UD screensaver and helpthe earch for a cure to smallpox. The smallpox Protection Project. Introduction. http://www.chem.ox.ac.uk/smallpox/

The Smallpox Protection Project Introduction Smallpox was eliminated from the world in 1977 by a World Health Organization campaign. Despite this, stocks of the variola virus are known to exist and its use as a weapon of bioterrorism remains a frightening possibility. With vaccination having ended in 1972 the population is highly susceptible. The availability of drugs to counter the virus would be a major defence. There is a possible molecular target whose blockade would prevent the ravages of an infection, and we intend to use desktop grid computing to screen millions of potential anti-smallpox drugs against this target. This will involve the use of the United Devices Global Metaprocessor, which we have successfully used to target twelve proteins implicated in cancer and against an anthrax protein. The project can muster almost two million personal computers belonging to people in over two hundred countries, all of whom would benefit from protection against smallpox. Join in by downloading the screensaver software.

71. AAP News Release - AAP Supports 'Ring Vaccination' In Case Of Smallpox Outbreak American Academy of Pediatricians policy statement supporting vaccinating only contacts of any future smallpox cases, given the currently low risk of widescale bioterrorist attacks and the potential for bad reactions. http://www.aap.org/advocacy/releases/octsmallpox.htm

Members Only Channel Search Site Map BookStore ... Home News Release AAP SUPPORTS 'RING VACCINATION' IN CASE OF SMALLPOX OUTBREAK B elow is a news release on a policy statement published in the October issue of Pediatrics , the peer-reviewed, scientific journal of the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) or Pediatrics electronic pages, the Internet extension of Pediatrics. For Release: October 7, 2002, 12:01 am (ET) CHICAGO - The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) in a new policy statement recommends ring vaccination for smallpox, also called surveillance and containment. Ring vaccination controls an outbreak by vaccinating and monitoring a ring of people around each infected individual. The idea is to form a buffer of immune people to prevent the spread of the disease in the event of an outbreak. The AAP recommended the ring strategy rather than universal or voluntary immunization, citing potentially serious health risks from the vaccine weighed against the possibility, currently thought to be unlikely, that a smallpox attack could occur. The new policy stresses that a major reason not to initiate universal immunization in the absence of actual cases of smallpox - besides the limited availability of vaccine - is the risk of serious complications from immunizations. According to Robert S. Baltimore, M.D., FAAP, member of the AAP Committee on Infectious Diseases (COID) and a lead author of the AAP policy, "The policy is flexible and could change if there is an actual outbreak of smallpox or if a safer vaccine becomes available." The AAP also is pushing for the vaccine to be tested on children before any immunizations are done.

72. The Scientist :: Smallpox@home smallpox@home. The smallpox project will be testing all chemicals which areknown to be suitable for ingestion and readily available for synthesis. http://www.biomedcentral.com/news/20030205/04

Previous Next Smallpox@home By Charles Q Choi Researchers are once again tapping the power of the public's computers, this time to search for anti-smallpox compounds, with new downloadable screensaver programs. The Smallpox Protection Project , which debuted today, was created by an international consortium of companies and universities to analyze 35 million potential drug molecules by marshaling the idle processing time of more than two million participating computers worldwide. United Devices' data center for analysis, and results will be delivered to the US Department of Defense Project organizers hope this collective processing power will allow them to finish decades' worth of work in a month or two. "The largest supercomputer in the world has some 2,000 processors. Now those are pretty good processors, but 2,000 is nowhere near two million," said participating computational chemist Karl Harrison of the University of Oxford. This distributed-computing strategy has already been used to search for potential drugs against cancer and anthrax as well as for extraterrestrial intelligence The smallpox project will be testing all chemicals which are known to be suitable for ingestion and readily available for synthesis. Each molecule will be tested five times against three regions on three versions of the enzyme type I topoisomerase, one viral version and two human. This protein uncoils DNA from the supercoiled form the smallpox virus uses during transport. By attacking this protein, the project hopes to find a drug to block viral reproduction.

73. ThinkQuest Library Of Entries smallpox is a viral disease (poxvirus variola) that produces pimplelikepustulates on the skin. The scars that are left behind http://library.thinkquest.org/11170/epidemics/smallpox.html

Welcome to the ThinkQuest Internet Challenge of Entries The web site you have requested, Anatomy of an Epidemic , is one of over 4000 student created entries in our Library. Before using our Library, please be sure that you have read and agreed to our To learn more about ThinkQuest. You can browse other ThinkQuest Library Entries To proceed to Anatomy of an Epidemic click here Back to the Previous Page The Site you have Requested ... Anatomy of an Epidemic click here to view this site A ThinkQuest Internet Challenge 1997 Entry Click image for the Site Languages : Site Desciption What's an epidemic? What causes them? Can they be prevented? These questions and more are answered at this web site whose goal is to educate visitors about diseases that affect large numbers of people around the world. Which bacteria and viruses cause disease and the four ways harmful organisms enter the body are discussed. The highlight of this site is a map providing a dramatic view of various historical epidemics as they spread across the world. Students Dan Mark Morris WA, United States

74. A Dose Of The Pox... Page 1/19. smallpox has been known for many centuries. smallpox firstappeared in China and the Far East at least 2000 years ago. http://www-micro.msb.le.ac.uk/Tutorials/Pox/Pox1.html

Page 1/19 Smallpox: has been known for many centuries. The characteristic "pocks" produced by variola (smallpox) virus gave their name to all forms of infectious disease: "a dose of the pox". Smallpox: first appeared in China and the Far East at least 2000 years ago. The Pharaoh Ramses V died of smallpox in 1157 B.C. Smallpox: reached Europe in 710 A.D. and was transferred to America by Hernando Cortez in 1520. 3,500,000 Aztecs died in the next 2 years. Smallpox: reached plague proportions in the cities of 18th century Europe and was a highly feared scourge. Smallpox: killed five reigning European monarchs during the 18th century. Smallpox: has now been eradicated. The last naturally occurring outbreak was in Somalia on 26th October 1977. How did they do that ? AJC

75. Smallpox Virus Pictures: Structure, Virion, Replication, Illustrations By Russel Computer graphic illustrations of the smallpox virus showing its external appearance, internal structure and life cycle. http://www.rkm.com.au/VIRUS/SMALLPOX

VIRUS PICTURES / Smallpox: Diagrams of Smallpox (Variola) virus you are here: HOME VIRUS PICTURES / Smallpox Smallpox virus structure Smallpox virion Smallpox virus life cycle Although smallpox was declared extinct in the wild in 1979 (last natural infection recorded in 1977) there is increasing concern about its potential use as a biological weapon. Although only two locations officially hold variola (one at the CDC in the USA and one in Russia) it is feared that secret stockpiles exist. Variola has been weaponised in Russia and there is currently concern about bioterrorism. A bioterrorist attack using smallpox (or some variant thereof) could be devastating and the UK and USA are buying vaccines against smallpox. CLASSIFICATION OF THE SMALLPOX VIRUS GENOME: Linear Double Stranded DNA Family: Poxviridae Subfamily: Chordopoxvirinae Genus: Orthopoxvirus Species: Variola SOME NOTES ON THE POXVIRUS ES The poxviruses are the most complex animal viruses known. They infect both vertebrates ( Chordopoxvirinae ) and insects ( Entomopoxvirinae ). Amongst the

76. Carolina School Of Public Health--On Demand Webcasts On Demand Webcast CDC Responds smallpox What Every Clinician ShouldKnow Thursday, December 13, 2001 Viewing Options To view http://www.sph.unc.edu/about/webcasts/2001-12-13_smallpox/

Webcasts On Demand Webcast View Slides from Webcast View Transcript of Webcast Additional Information and Media Inquiries Technical support On Demand Webcast: CDC Responds: Smallpox: What Every Clinician Should Know Thursday, December 13, 2001 Viewing Options: To view the full on demand webcast, click the View Entire Webcast link. You may choose to view it with Closed Captioning by selecting the With Closed Captioning link. To view individual segments of the webcast, click the checkbox(es) below corresponding to the segment(s) you would like to view, and click the "View Segments" button. Full runtime: 123 minutes. View Entire Webcast With Closed Captioning or view: Segment 1: Introduction Segment 2: Background Segment 3: Virus Segment 4: Clinical Features Segment 5: Diagnosis and Confirmation Segment 6: Isolation and Management Segment 7: Epidemiology Segment 8: Smallpox Eradication Segment 9: Vaccine Segment 10: Vaccine Complications Segment 11: Response Plan Segment 12: Surveillance and Containment Segment 13: Resources and Summary Without Closed Captioning.

77. Terrorism: Q & A | Smallpox smallpox What is smallpox? It’sa virus. Wasn’t smallpox eradicated? smallpoxvaccinations, New York City, 1947. (AP Photo/Tony Camerano ). http://www.terrorismanswers.com/weapons/smallpox.html

Table of Contents Home Afghanistan The Country ... Al-Qaeda (Afghanistan, Islamists) Osama bin Laden (al-Qaeda leader) Hamas, Islamic Jihad (Palestinian Islamists) Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades (Palestinian nationalists) PFLP, DFLP, PFLP-GC (Palestinian leftists) Hezbollah (Lebanon, Islamists) Jamaat al-Islamiyya, Egyptian Islamic Jihad (Egypt, Islamists) Armed Islamic Group (Algeria, Islamists) Kashmir Militant Extremists (Kashmir, Islamists) Mujahedeen-e-Khalq (Iranian rebels) Abu Nidal Organization (Iraq, extremists) Kach, Kahane Chai (Israel, extremists) Chechnya-based Terrorists (Russia, separatists) East Turkestan Islamic Movement (China, separatists) Kurdistan Workers’ Party (Turkey, separatists) Jemaah Islamiyah (Southeast Asia, Islamists) Abu Sayyaf Group (Philippines, Islamist separatists) Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (Sri Lanka, separatists) Irish Republican Army (U.K., separatists) IRA Splinter Groups (U.K., separatists) Northern Ireland Loyalist Paramilitaries (U.K., extremists) Basque Fatherland and Liberty (Spain, separatists) November 17, Revolutionary People’s Struggle

78. Chapter 1 - Introduction smallpox. Introduction. Definition. smallpox is a highly contagious smallpoxas Biowarfare Agent. History. The Europeans who colonized North http://www.afip.org/Departments/infectious/sp/text/1_1.htm

Smallpox Introduction Definition Smallpox is a highly contagious and virulent, often fatal infectious disease caused by variola virus, a large orthopoxvirus of the family Poxviridae, subfamily Chordopoxvirinae. The 2 classic varieties of smallpox are variola major and variola minor, each of which confers immunity against the other. Variola minor is less virulent and is found mainly in South America and West Africa. Hemorrhagic smallpox is a severe and highly fatal variety of the disease in which hemorrhages develop in the skin and mucous membranes. Flat smallpox is a severe variety in which lesions do not project above the skin surface. Synonyms Smallpox is also known as variola or variola vera. Variola minor has many synonyms and local names, such as alastrim, amaas, cottonpox, milkpox, whitepox, and Cuban itch. Smallpox is often subdivided according to clinical presentation into variola vera discreta (discrete papules) and variola vera confluens (confluent papules). Hemorrhagic smallpox, also known as fulminant smallpox, is subdivided clinically into purpura variolosa and variola pustulosa haemorrhagica ( ). Malignant smallpox is another name for flat smallpox.

79. INDIANS AND SMALLPOX INDIANS AND smallpox (8 posts) (xIEAHCNET) I hope this discussion on smallpox stayson the listie discussions are to the list and not private posts to Betty. http://www.h-net.msu.edu/~west/threads/disc-smallpox.html

home news about search ... contact us INDIANS AND SMALLPOX (8 posts) (xIEAHCNET) April 16-27, 1995 Dear H-West Subscribers: IEAHCNET@uicvm.uic.edu Any contributions from our ranks? Elliott West, Co-Moderator I have been reviewing the documents in the latest volume of The Papers of Henry Bouquet which has many interesting texts on relations with various Native American tribes, and on frontier warfare. A number of the texts deal with the decision to use small pox as a deliberate form of germ warfare against the Indians in the 1760s. I recall much coverage of the decimation of the Indians by disease during the Columbus anniversaries, but I am not familiar with the historiography on the deliberate use of smallpox or other diseases as a weaponor indeed the historiography on the origins of germ warfare in general. Would any of you be able to inform me of sources on this subject? Thanks in advance. Elizabeth M. Nuxoll. The Papers of Robert Morris Queens College, CUNY bmitzit@interaccess.com

80. THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 13, Ch. 162, Viral Diseases smallpox. No cases of smallpox have occurred in the world since 1977,thanks to a highly successful worldwide vaccination program. http://www.merck.com/pubs/mmanual/section13/chapter162/162f.htm

This Publication Is Searchable The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy Section 13. Infectious Diseases Chapter 162. Viral Diseases Topics [General] Respiratory Viral Diseases Herpesvirus Infections Central Nervous System Viral Diseases ... Smallpox Smallpox This discussion on smallpox was added to the page on November 12, 2001, and is not contained in the printed version. Smallpox (variola) is a highly contagious disease caused by the smallpox virus, resulting in severe constitutional symptoms, a classic pustular rash, and frequently death. No cases of smallpox have occurred in the world since 1977, thanks to a highly successful worldwide vaccination program. In 1980, WHO recommended discontinuation of routine smallpox vaccination. Routine childhood vaccination in the United States ended in 1972. Because humans are the only natural host of the smallpox virus, and because the virus cannot survive for longer than 2 days in the environment, the World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the disease eradicated. Because immunity declines over time, nearly all peopleeven those previously vaccinatedare now susceptible to smallpox. Recent concerns about terrorist access to existing stockpiles of smallpox virus in the United States and Russia raise the possibility of a recurrence of this epidemic disease.

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