1. AAPOS Home Page Resources for professionals and the public from the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and strabismus. Copyright 2002 American Association For Pediatric Ophthalmology and strabismus. AAPOS HOME PAGE http://med-aapos.bu.edu/

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2. Journal Of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus Bimonthly forum for peerreviewed information useful to the pediatric ophthalmologist. http://www.slackinc.com/eye/jpos/jposhome.htm

A publication of SLACK Incorporated Eye Care Internet Resources Profile Editors ... Advertising Rates Profile The is a bimonthly forum for peer-reviewed information useful to the pediatric ophthalmologist for the diagnosis, treatment, correction, and prevention of eye disorders in infants, children, and adolescents, as well as for the treatment of strabismus in all age groups. Each issue includes a quiz for Category 1 CME credits. Advertising Rates Download the 2003 Rate Sheet. This chart is stored in .PDF format, and requires the Adobe Acrobat Reader software application for reading. Download a free copy of Acrobat Reader here For further information, please send an e-mail to rhummel@slackinc.com About SLACK Inc. Go to Eye Care Internet Resources. See articles from the current issue. Subscribe to the journal. Read the Instructions for Contributors. Revised 20 November 2002. Send a letter to the editor. Comment to Webmaster, SLACK Inc.

3. About Strabismus -- Crossed-eyes, Squint. All Types And Treatments. Comprehensive information on lazy eye, crossed eyes, crosseyed, squint, eye muscle surgery, strabismus, eye deviations, etc. http://www.strabismus.org/

You are here: Optometrists Network "It is often asked at what age should treatment no longer be attempted. The answer is, everyone deserves a chance! Age should not be a deterrent..." Strabismus What is it? Strabismus, more commonly known as crossed-eyes, is a vision condition in which a person can not align both eyes simultaneously under normal conditions. One or both of the eyes may turn in, out, up or down. An eye turn may be constant (when the eye turns all of the time) or intermittent (turning only some of the time, such as, under stressful situations or when ill). Whether constant or intermittent , strabismus always requires appropriate evaluation and treatment. Learn all about strabismus "Children do not 'outgrow' eye turns! Early detection and treatment advised!" Who has strabismus? It is estimated that up to 5 percent of all children have some type or degree of strabismus. Children with strabismus may initially have double vision. This occurs because of the misalignment of the two eyes in relation to one another. In an attempt to avoid double vision, the brain will eventually disregard the image of one eye (called suppression). Learn all about strabismus Do you or your child have: Amblyopia (lazy eye) Strabismus Types of Strabismus: What is Strabismus?

4. Strabismus Information about squint, crossed or wall eyes, tips, tricks, special effects, books and even celebrities. http://www.strabismus.nl

5. Prevent Blindness America--Strabismus FAQ NOW IN MEDLINE! strabismus is a quarterly, serving strabismologists worldwide. http://www.preventblindness.org/children/StrabismusFAQ.html

Frequently Asked Questions about Strabismus Q: What is strabismus? Strabismus is a deviation of the eyes. The term is used to describe eyes that are not straight or properly aligned. Q: What causes the misalignment? The misalignment results from the failure of the eye muscles to work together. One eye, or sometimes both, may turn in (crossed eyes), turn out (wall eyes), turn up or turn down. Sometimes more than one of the 'turns' are present. Q: When strabismus is present, will the eyes always look misaligned? The deviation may be constant or it may come and go. In young children strabismus may vary not only from day-to-day, but during the course of a day. Q: My infant's eyes roll all over. Should I be concerned? At birth, an infant's eyes cannot always focus directly on objects. They may appear to move quite independently at first, sometimes crossing, and sometimes wandering outward. But by the age of three to four months, an infant's eyes should have the ability to focus on small objects and the eyes should be straight or parallel. A six-month-old infant should be able to focus on both distant and near objects. Q: What should I do if I notice wandering eyes in my four-month-old child?

6. "strabismus, Amblyopia, Deviating Eye, Eye Deviation" Learn about the developmental process behind strabismus and amblyopia, the many treatment alternatives, and common misconceptions. http://www.children-special-needs.org/strabismus/strabismus.html

You are here: Optometrists Network Choosing an Eye Doctor Doctor Directory Eye Exams ... VT Directory Free immediate referrals Success Stories References Dyslexia ADD/ADHD Return to Top Strabismus and Amblyopia by Donald J. Getz, O.D., FCOVD, FAAO STRABISMUS can be defined as that condition where the two eyes are not aimed in the same common direction. Strabismus can have many different causes, but the most common cause is simply that the person has never learned to use the two eyes together at the same time. A child is born with two eyes, but teaming them together is a learned skill [perceptual motor skill or developmental skill]. A child learns this skill similarly to the way he learns to walk and learns to talk. From a developmental standpoint a child first learns to use the two halves of the body together before he learns to use the two eyes together and, developmentally, a child first learns control of the large muscles of the body before he learns control of the fine muscles of the eyes. Dr. Getz working with young patient IF BOTH EYES are pointing in the same direction, the child can experience what is termed single binocular vision (stereoscopic vision and binocular depth perception). However, if the two eyes are not pointing in the same direction a child may experience double vision [such as, in cases of strabismus, amblyopia, deviation of the eye, deviating eyes]. Since seeing double is an intolerable sensation, most children will learn to suppress or turn off (ignore) the visual impulses coming in from the deviating eye. This generally results in a deterioration or reduction of vision in the eye that is being turned off (the deviating eye or strabismic eye). Since clear vision is also a learned skill, the visual acuity may not develop properly in the deviating eye. When one eye does not develop adequate visual skills, the visual condition is termed amblyopia (or lazy eye). When an eye deviates, is crossed or turns, that is the visual condition termed strabismus.

7. Welcome To The World Of Strabismus! strabismus News 3/03/03 Wanna see our video? So expect new strabismus in the nextmonth so on your radios. We look forward to seeing you all at the shows. http://www.strabismusick.com/

Strabismus News 3/28/03 Wanna see our video? Uh huh.... Click HERE Well its been a crazy month, We went down to Texas for the SWSW festival. We had a blast out there. The crowd was great, we also met alot of cool new people and many other great bands. We wanna thank all the fans and radio stations that supported us out there. We are now back in good old New York and we got some great shows coming up. Big show this Friday @ CBGB with DIECAST. We need everyones support at this show. We also are shooting a live DVD at this show, so everyone bring your dancin shoes and get all up in that video. We hope to see you all at the shows and everyone thanks for the support!! Strabismus Sign our Guestbook Let us know we suck :-) See ALL upcoming shows HERE who's yer fucking daddy?

8. OcularTimes.Com[Strabismus] Your informative guide to eye disorders and related eyecare topics. strabismus. strabismus (deviation of the eyes) is the medical term for turned or misaligned eyes that are not straight http://www.geocities.com/ocular_times/strab.html

9. Parenting: Pediatric Eye Care, Children's Vision, Lazy Eye, Esotropia, Exotropia Information about children's vision and vision therapy.Category Health Medicine Ophthalmology Children...... Even so, many people with strabismus are offered only surgery to straightenthe muscles of the eye. Eye Muscle Surgery (strabismus Surgery). http://www.children-special-needs.org/

You are here: Optometrists Network Choosing an Eye Doctor Doctor Directory Eye Exams ... VT Directory Free immediate referrals Success Stories References Dyslexia ADD/ADHD Return to Top Return to Top Return to Top Return to Top Return to Top Return to Top Return to Top Children's Visual Health SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT OF: Double Vision Lazy Eye Crossed Eyes Wandering Eye Deviating Eyes Amblyopia Strabismus Esotropia Exotropia Esophoria Exophoria Hyperphoria Hyperopia Astigmatism Alternating Esotropia Loss of Depth Perception Diplopia Poor Binocular Vision Accommodative Problems Lack of stereopsis or binocular fusion Convergency Insufficiency Tracking Problems FIND OUT HERE ABOUT Vision impairments that affect at least 15 out of 100 people . . . yet, frequently go unrecognized and untreated. What is BINOCULAR VISION What is DEPTH PERCEPTION What is VISION THERAPY How to find VISION THERAPY Can my Child OUTGROW this? Is it the Eye or the BRAIN What is BINOCULAR VISION IMPAIRMENT EYE MUSCLE SURGERY Surgery and/or Vision Therapy? Why is Vision Therapy such a well-kept SECRET EARLY DETECTION PLEASE NOTE: The information contained herein is intended to be educational and is not intended in any way as a substitute for medical advice and care from qualified, licensed vision care providers. For a free referral to a provider, go to

10. THE HERITABILITY OF STRABISMUS THE HERITABILITY OF strabismus. Otis Paul, MD Lani K. Hardage. ABSTRACT. Theetiology of strabismus has long been observed to have a genetic component. http://med-aapos.bu.edu/aapos/strabheredity.html

THE HERITABILITY OF STRABISMUS Otis Paul, M.D. Lani K. Hardage Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute San Francisco, California Presented at the annual meeting of the International Society for Genetic Eye Disease, Siena, Italy, June 1-3, 1992 Correspondence to: Otis Paul, M.D., Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute, 2232 Webster St., San Francisco, CA 94115. FAX (415) 561-1610 ABSTRACT. The etiology of strabismus has long been observed to have a genetic component. Recent advances in genetic methodology may provide insight into the genetic basis for several types of inherited strabismus, including those associated with genetic multisystem disorders such as Moebius syndrome, Prader-Willi syndrome, craniofacial dysostoses, and mitochondrial myopathies. Inheritance of primary forms of strabismus, such as congenital ocular fibrosis, Brown syndrome and Duane syndrome, has been reported, but less is known of the defective genetic sites. The genetic basis for isolated strabismus that clusters in families, such as infantile esotropia syndrome, is also not yet known, but new techniques of molecular biology may now permit linkage detection in these families. By identifying affected families, clinicians will take part in unraveling the genetic basis of hereditary strabismus syndromes. Key words.

11. All About Strabismus-- An In-depth Explanation By Eye Doctor Of Crossed Eyes, Cr What is strabismus? crossed eyes, etc. All About strabismus by Dr. Jeffrey Cooper© 20012002. Development, Causes, Diagnosis, Types, and Treatments. http://www.strabismus.org/all_about_strabismus.html

You are here: Optometrists Network www.strabismus.org All About Strabismus by Dr. Jeffrey Cooper Development, Causes, Diagnosis, Types, and Treatments. Table of Contents Evolution of Two-eyed Vision: Two Eyes to the Side Two Eyes in Front Benefits of Two Eyes in Front What is Stereopsis (3D Vision)? ... What is Strabismus When two-eyed vision breaks down. Is It Lazy Eye Is strabismus a lazy eye condition? What Causes Strabismus Eye muscles or the brain? What Does Strabismus Cause What does my child with strabismus see? Early Detection and Treatment When should my child have the first eye exam? When is it too late for treatment? What is the "critical period? Why does my eye doctor say it is "too late?" What are basic treatment options? ... Types of Strabismus and their Recommended Treatments References Welcome to this Table of Contents. Dr. Jeffrey Cooper is the author of All About Strabismus . Check out the fun bits on the evolution of two-eyed vision. Learn about Treatment Options Would you like to receive a periodic free Newsletter ? Newsletters are sent out less than six times a year.

12. Your Eye Doctors At The Manatee/Sarasota Eye Clinic And Laser Center Information about lazy eye , strabismus, double vision, eye muscle surgery, and patching treatment by pediatric ophthalmologist, Dr. Scott Silverman. http://www.youreyedoctors.com/LMAcrossedeyes.html

Lazy Eye and Crossed Eyes by Scott Silverman, MD Fellowship trained Pediatric Ophthalmologist Definitions Vision problems are common in children. Early recognition and treatment are the keys to preventing permanent visual impairment. Let us begin by defining two important terms: strabismus and amblyopia. Strabismus is a misalignment of the eyes. The eyes may cross or drift up or out. Strabismus may be present from birth or may develop in childhood. Amblyopia , sometimes referred to as "lazy eye," is poor vision in an eye that did not develop normal sight during childhood. Without treatment, children with amblyopia will never see well in one eye, even with glasses. Strabismus and amblyopia are common, each occurring in 4 of 100 children. The risk of these conditions is much higher with a family history of eye problems. Dispelling the myths Let me dispel two common misconceptions about visual development in children: Children do not outgrow crossing Many parents have been told that their child would outgrow crossing of the eyes. This is simply not true. It is normal for the eyes of infants up to four months of age to cross or drift out. After this time, however, eyes should be straight at all times. If you see drifting of the eyes after four months of age, bring this to the attention of your pediatrician or eye doctor.

13. Pediatric Ophthalmology At The Children's Hospital Of Buffalo Patient Information about strabismus, Pediatric Ophthalmology, Reading and Learning Disorders, Amblyopia, other links. http://www.smbs.buffalo.edu/oph/peds

Welcome to The Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology at The Children's Hospital of Buffalo The Pediatric Ophthalmology Topics Page has moved to a new site. Go to the new site now. Full "Web Book" on Strabismus - Extensive literature on almost all strabismus disorders Full "Web Book" on Pediatric Ophthalmology - Extensive literature on many non-strabismus disorders Internet Vision Tester

14. Journal Of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus Masthead wwwSLACK. Masthead. http://www.slackinc.com/eye/jpos/Jposmast.htm

Masthead Eye Care Internet Resources About Editorial Board Abstracts ... Subscription Editorial Board EDITORS Rudolph S. Wagner, MD Newark, New Jersey, USA Leonard B. Nelson, MD Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA COLUMN EDITORS Abstracts Scott E. Olitsky, MD e-Consult Mark Ruttum, MD Deborah Alcorn, MD ADVERTISING SALES REPRESENTATIVE: Robert J. Hummel EDITORIAL BOARD Deborah Alcorn, MD Stanford, California, USA Robert W. Arnold, MD Anchorage, Alaska, USA Miles J. Burke, MD Cincinnati, Ohio, USA Anthony R. Caputo, MD Newark, New Jersey, USA Michael Clarke, FRCOphth Newcastle upon Tyne, England Earl R. Crouch, Jr, MD Norfolk, Virginia, USA Patrick DeRespinis, MD Staten Island, New York, USA Malcolm Ing, MD Honolulu, Hawaii, USA Mohamad Jaafar, MD Washington, DC, USA Harold P. Koller, MD Philadelphia, Pennsylavania, USA Robert Lingua, MD Corona, California, USA J. Arch McNamara, MD Philadelphia, Pennsylavania, USA Norman Medow, MD New York, New York, USA Kenneth Noble, MD New York, New York, USA Dublin, Ireland

15. Adult Strabismus, Pediatric And Adolescent Ophthalmology, Ophthalmic Genetics Outpatient surgery for strabismus. Before and after pictures, patient testimonials, faqs and doctor profiles. (Long Beach, California) http://www.straighteyes.com/

welcome services doctor profiles before and after patient testimonials ... contact information Straighteyes.com Strabismus: Does having crossed-eyes or a lazy eye . . . - impair your field of vision - affect your depth perception - disrupt your eye to hand coordination - give you double vision - make you self-conscious Strabismus, commonly referred to as "cross-eyed", can now be fixed by Dr. Jotterand and Dr. Syniuta with outpatient surgery using the advanced "slip-knot" technique for adults. A similar procedure is also available for children and even infants. Addressing this condition is not considered cosmetic surgery and is covered by most forms of insurance. We hope you find browsing this website informative. If you still have questions, we welcome you to schedule a personal consultation visit with us.

16. Strabismus strabismus. NOW IN MEDLINE! strabismus is a quarterly, serving strabismologistsworldwide. The journal publishes articles on strabismus http://www.szp.swets.nl/szp/journals/st.htm

Strabismus NOW IN MEDLINE! Strabismus is a quarterly, serving strabismologists worldwide. The journal publishes articles on strabismus and related fields such as neuro-physiology. Editor-in-Chief: H.J. Simonsz, MD, University Hospital Dijkzigt, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, NL-3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Tel.: +31 (0)10 463 9222 (beeper 3394). Fax: +31 (0)10 463 5105 Index Aims and Scope Audience Editors and Editorial Board Abstracted/Indexed in ... Advertising Rates Abstracts Abstracts of Articles Published Publication Program 2003: Volume 11, 4 issues ISSN 0927-3972

17. Pediatric Ophthalmology And Eye Muscle Specialists Adult strabismus Pediatric Ophthalmology Orthoptics and a Youth Optical http://ocpa1.home.mindspring.com

Why you need a Pediatric Ophthalmologist Everett A. Moody, MD Dr. Moody was the 26th Pediatric Ophthalmologist trained in history. His fellowships were in Washington D. C. and at the Wills Eye Hospital in Philadelphia. He has practiced in the DFW Metroplex since 1971 and has developed a practice devoted to all aspects of pediatric ophthalmology. He also cares for strabismus (crossed eyes) in adults. He and his wife Buzz have 5 children and 2 grandchildren. His special interests include taking lay courses at the Dallas Theological Seminary and participating in several volunteer clinics. Eric A. Packwood, M.D. Phone: 972-258-7979 Irving 817-460-2090 Arlington 817-338-1465 Fort Worth Fax: 972-570-5502 Email: ocpa1@mindspring.com 3200 N. MacArthur Suite 200 Irving, TX 75062 811 W I-20 Suite 134 Arlington, TX 76017 1350 S. Main Suite 1200 Fort Worth, TX 76107 var test=0; document.write("<");document.write("! "); document.write(" ");document.write(">");

18. Medem: Medical Library: Search Results: Strabismus FAQs What Is strabismus? strabismus is a visual defect in which the eyes are misaligned and point in different directions. http://www.medem.com/search/article_display.cfm?path=n:&mstr=/ZZZ7Y4X0G4C.html&s

19. Strabismus strabismus Information for Authors. Instructions for authors; Submissionof manuscripts; Guidelines for manuscripts accepted for publication http://www.szp.swets.nl/szp/journals/st-4.htm

Strabismus - Information for Authors Instructions for authors Submission of manuscripts Guidelines for manuscripts accepted for publication Instructions for Authors : Title page The title page should include a full title, a short title (running headline), names and addresses of the authors, their academic status and the mailing address of the author to whom correspondence or requests for reprints should be sent. Authors are encouraged to indicate whether they appreciate correspondence about their manuscript via fax. Abstract The manuscript should be accompanied by an abstract not exceeding 250 words. At the bottom of the abstract a list of maximally five key words should be provided. Text The text should be divided into the following sections: Introduction: Materials and methods Results Discussion Acknowledgments References Not more than three levels of heading should be used: capitals, bold l.c., italics l.c. Manuscripts reporting on investigations using animals must adhere to the ARVO resolution on the use of animals in research and the manuscript should include a statement regarding this matter in the 'materials and methods section. Manuscripts dealing with experiments on human subjects should include a statement that the investigations were performed according to the guidelines of the 'Declaration of Helsinki'. If a considerable amount of language revision is required, the Publisher will have to charge authors the additional costs.

20. Robert L. Estes, M.D. Information about the medical practice of Dr. Robert L. Estes, specializing in pediatric ophthalmology and adult strabismus in Nashville. http://www.robertlestesmd.com/

FYI... Blinking: a Benign "Tic" - or Something More? Pediatric ophthalmologists evaluate a fair number of children with a history of spontaneously appearing, excessive eyelid blinking. We sometimes find a treatable, underlying problem; but in many cases, there are no eye abnormalities to causally explain the blinking. Click to continue article and explore reference links Can Some Visual System Tumors Spontaneously Regress? Few words in medicine are more frightening than " tumor ." Fortunately, tumors affect the eye or visual system relatively rarely; but the threat of losing vision — or even life — can overwhelm affected individuals and their families. Click to continue article and explore reference links Amblyopia Therapy – How Old is Too Old? Traditional ophthalmic teaching has suggested an upper age limit for treating amblyopia, usually in the range of 6 to 7 years, but older children can respond favorably as recently verified in a series of patients reported in the Archives of Ophthalmology by Dr. Helen A. Mintz-Hittner and Kristina M. Fernandez ("Successful Amblyopia Therapy Initiated After Age 7 Years," Arch Ophthalmol. 2000;118:1535-1541).

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