21. EMedicine - Toxoplasmosis : Article By Joseph Sciammarella, MD, FACP, FACEP, DAB Articles on toxoplasmosis, at The Body, the complete AIDS and HIV information resource. The Basics. toxoplasmosis Fact Sheet (July 27, 2002) http://www.emedicine.com/emerg/topic601.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties CME PDA ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Emergency Medicine Infectious Diseases Toxoplasmosis Last Updated: July 8, 2002 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: Toxoplasma gondii AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 10 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: Joseph Sciammarella, MD, FACP, FACEP, DABMA , Attending Physician, Department of Emergency Medicine, Mercy Medical Center, Rockville Centre, New York Joseph Sciammarella, MD, FACP, FACEP, DABMA, is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Medical Acupuncture American Academy of Pain Medicine American College of Emergency Physicians American College of Physicians ... American Heart Association , and American Medical Association Editor(s): Theodore Gaeta, DO, MPH , Residency Director, Clinical Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine in Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, New York Methodist Hospital; Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD

22. CONGENITAL TOXOPLASMOSIS Prophylaxis, early detection and treatment can avoid Congenital toxoplasmosisand many long term effects. Congenital toxoplasmosis. New URL http://www-ang.kfunigraz.ac.at/~trojovsk/toxo/

Congenital Toxoplasmosis New URL: http://www.trojovsky.net/toxo/ file last changed: Sunday, 20-Aug-2000 08:35:59 CEST You are the . visitor since september 8th, 1998

23. Toxoplasmosis: Infection During Pregnancy Infection of the pregnant mother could happen from cats, raw meat, vegetable. Atransplacentar infection of the fetus could lead to Congenital toxoplasmosis. http://www.trojovsky.net/toxo/toxoinf.htm

Congenital Toxoplasmosis Ways of Infection That is, what Toxoplasma gondii likes - the circle: cat eats mouse containing cysts with Toxoplasma gondii, mouse eats vegetables contaminated with cats feces containing ... The natural circle That happens too: other animals eat fruits or vegetable contaminated .... The natural circle, too Oral intake of raw or rare ("under-cooked") meat or of contamination with cats feces or consumption of contaminated vegetables, fruits, salad, ... could lead to a human infection A fresh maternal infection during pregnancy can lead to an infection of the placenta. Congenital Toxoplasmosis results from transplacental infection of the fetus during pregnancy. Infection of humans Congenital Toxoplasmosis This page was established by: Alex Trojovsky Visitors: file last changed: August 20 th

24. ADAP Drugs: Sulfadoxine An antibiotic that has been used to prevent PCP. It may also be effective in preventing toxoplasmosis.(Fansidar). http://www.atdn.org/access/drugs/sulfa.html

sulfadoxine (Fansidar) Drug description Sulfadoxine is an antibiotic that has been used to prevent PCP. It may also be effective in preventing toxoplasmosis. Sulfadoxine appears to be effective against PCP, but in rare and unpredictable cases it can have very dangerous and even fatal side effects, in some instances an allergic response called Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Use of Bactrim dapsone , or aerosolized pentamidine is preferable. Side effects Stevens-Johnson syndrome, skin allergies, liver damage, high fever and weakness, anemia, sensitivity to light, bleeding and/or bruising, folic acid deficiency (loss of taste, inflammation of the tongue, diarrhea, sore throat, difficulty swallowing, inflammation of the mouth), skin rash, fatigue, aching in joints or muscles, red blood cells in the urine, difficult or painful urination, goiter, tremors, seizures, headache, dizziness, nausea, and vomiting. Dosage Pyrimethamine comes in tablets combined with sulfadoxine. For treatment of isosporiasis, adults take 50-75 mg of pyrimethamine daily, as needed to control or eliminate infection. For treatment of toxoplasmosis, usual dose is 25 mg daily. For AIDS related toxoplasmosis, treatment begins with a loading dose of 100-200 mg in 2 divided doses daily for the first 2 days, then 50-75 mg daily. Maintenance treatment is 25 mg per day, sulfadiazine 4 grams per day, and leucovorin 10 mg per day. How long it may take to work For maintenance, treatment is ongoing. Maintenance treatment means you keep taking the drug to control an infection so that you don't become ill. For controlling malaria or toxoplasmosis, continual use on a regular schedule for 4-6 weeks is usually necessary.

25. Care For Animals Protozoan parasitic disease transmissible from animals to people. Includes transmission routes, dangers to people, prevention, and symptoms in cats. http://www.avma.org/careforanimals/animatedjourneys/pethealth/pethealth.asp#6

Pet Health General Illnesses Pet Health General Illnesses and Diseases ... Equine Health General Illnesses and Diseases Signs of Ill Health Cancer Lyme Disease Parasites ... Toxoplasmosis Other Pet Health Concerns: Dental Health Vaccinations First Aid Signs of Ill Health Top Only a healthy pet is a happy companion. Assuring your pet's daily well-being requires regular care and close attention to any hint of ill health. The American Veterinary Medical Association therefore suggests that you consult your veterinarian if your pet shows any of the following signs: Abnormal discharges from the nose, eyes, or other body openings Loss of appetite, marked weight losses or gains, or excessive water consumption Difficult, abnormal, or uncontrolled waste elimination Abnormal behavior, sudden viciousness, or lethargy Abnormal lumps, limping, or difficulty getting up or lying down Excessive head shaking, scratching, and licking or biting any part of the body Dandruff, loss of hair, open sores, and a ragged or dull coat. Foul breath or excessive tarter deposits on teeth Cancer Top How Common is Cancer?

26. Myth About Pregnant Women And Cats Article that compares the risk of a pregnant woman contracting toxoplasmosis from a cat to other possible sources of the disease. http://www.moggies.co.uk/articles/cat_myth.html

27. Toxoplasmosis Translate this page VIH y SIDA. . toxoplasmosis, Revisión, mayo 1.999. Qué es la toxoplasmosis? La toxoplasmosis es una enfermedad infecciosa http://www.ctv.es/USERS/fpardo/vihtoxo.htm

VIH y SIDA VIH y SIDA Toxoplasmosis Revisión, mayo 1.999 Qué es la toxoplasmosis ? La toxoplasmosis es una enfermedad infecciosa ocasionada por un parásito, el Toxoplasma gondii , protozoario intracelular obligado. La toxoplasmosis puede ser aguda o crónica, sintomática o asintomática. La infección aguda recientemente adquirida suele ser asintomática en niños mayores y adultos; y en caso de presentar síntomas y signos (enfermedad aguda) estos suelen ser de corta duración y autolimitados. En la mayoría de los casos persiste como quistes en los tejidos pero la persona no suele tener manifestaciones clínicas (infección crónica), pero en otros casos se presenta con formas clínicas persistentes o recurrentes (enfermedad crónica). El parásito se presenta bajo tres formas diferentes: trofozoíto (antes taquizoíto), quistes tisulares y ooquistes. Estos últimos sólo se producen en los intestinos de los huéspedes definitivos. El ciclo vital del Toxoplasma tiene como huésped definitivo al gato, o miembros de su familia, que tras ingerir alguna de las formas del parásito sufre en las células epiteliales de su intestino un ciclo asexual y luego un ciclo sexual, eliminándose en sus heces millones de ooquistes. Cuando estos esporulan se vuelven infecciosos pudiéndose infectar otros animales por su ingestión. Por debajo de 4 grados C, o por encima de 37, no se produce la esporulación y los ooquistes no son infecciosos. Cómo se transmite ?

28. Toxoplasmosis & Pregnancy toxoplasmosis pregnancy. toxoplasmosis is caused by a parasite calledtoxoplasma gondii. What are the symptoms of toxoplasmosis? http://www.womens-health.co.uk/toxo.htm

Toxoplasmosis is caused by a parasite called toxoplasma gondii. This is found in different forms in raw meat, within cats who eat raw meat and their faeces. Toxoplasmosis infection is common in both men and women outside of pregnancy, however it is infection during pregnancy that is of most concern as it can lead to infection in the unborn infant: congenital toxoplasmosis. Who is at risk? Once you have had toxoplasmosis, the body develops immunity and new exposure during pregnancy is not an issue. Peak incidence is between ages 25 and 30 years and in the UK by this time, about 30% of people will have had toxoplasmosis, hence will not be at risk of any problems during pregnancy. In the US, about 30-35% have antibodies and in France more than 65% of women will have already had toxoplasmosis. Because infection is more common in France, congenital toxoplasmosis occurs at over twice the rate in the UK or US. It is not known for sure how many women catch toxoplasmosis during pregnancy, but some research suggests it is of the order 2 in every 1000, which means about 1400 each year in the UK.

29. EMedicine - Toxoplasmosis : Article By Lihteh Wu, MD toxoplasmosis The protozoan Toxoplasma gondii is a coccidian, obligate, intracellularparasite responsible for zoonotic infection in man and other mammals. http://www.emedicine.com/OPH/topic707.htm

document.write(''); (advertisement) Home Specialties CME PDA ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Ophthalmology Infectious Disease Toxoplasmosis Last Updated: February 10, 2003 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: Toxoplasma, Toxoplasma gondii, T gondii, retinochoroiditis, chorioretinitis, chorioretinal scar, intraocular inflammation AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 11 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: Lihteh Wu, MD , Consulting Surgeon, Department of Ophthalmology, Vitreo-Retinal Section, Instituto De Cirugia Ocular, Costa Rica Coauthor(s): Rafael Alberto García, MD , Chief of Outpatient Services, Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital México of San José, Costa Rica Lihteh Wu, MD, is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology , and Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology Editor(s): John Sheppard, Jr, MD, MMSc, PhD

30. March Of Dimes: Toxoplasmosis Ask NOAH About Pregnancy. toxoplasmosis. Public Health EducationInformation Sheet. What Risks Do toxoplasmosis Pose to the Baby? http://www.noah-health.org/english/pregnancy/march_of_dimes/pre_preg.plan/toxopl

Ask NOAH About: Pregnancy Toxoplasmosis Public Health Education Information Sheet Introduction What Risks Do Toxoplasmmosis Pose to the Baby? What Causes Toxoplasmosis? Who Gets Toxoplasmosis? ... References Introduction: Toxoplasmosis is a widespread parasitic infection that, when contracted by a pregnant woman, can pose serious risks to her unborn baby. Up to one in 1,000 babies in this country is born infected with toxoplasmosis. Fortunately, a pregnant woman can follow some simple precautions that can reduce her chance of becoming infected. These precautions should be followed by all women who could become pregnant, since more than half of all pregnancies are unintended. A pregnant woman who contracts toxoplasmosis for the first time during pregnancy has about a 40 percent chance of passing the infection on to her fetus. However, the risk and severity of the baby's infection depend partly upon the timing of the mother's infection. Studies suggest that, when mothers are infected in the first trimester, 15 percent of fetuses become infected, as compared to 30 percent in the second trimester and 65 percent in the third. However, the earlier in pregnancy the infection occurs, the more severe the fetal infection.

31. Project Inform's Toxoplasmosis [ HIV / AIDS Treatment Information ] toxoplasmosis Epidemiology and Transmission Reprinted from STEP Fact Sheet,January 1992, Article 2. toxoplasmosis Encephalitis. J of Infect. Dis. http://www.projinf.org/fs/toxo.html

Search Contact Us Feedback Calendar ... Site Map Toxoplasmosis May 1996 View PDF TABLE OF CONTENTS Diagnosis Treatment Prophylaxis References ... Additional Information; April 1998 Toxoplasmosis: Epidemiology and Transmission Reprinted from STEP Fact Sheet, January 1992, Article 2 Toxoplasmosis is the most common opportunistic infection to affect the central nervous system (CNS), occurring in up to 4O% of people with AIDS inthe U.S. This wide range of incidence may be due to differences inprevalence of T. gondii in specific populations. Immigrants from Africa, Latin America, and Haiti are three to four times more likely to develop toxoplasmosis than native born Americans with AIDS Toxoplasma gondii, the protozoan parasite responsible for toxoplasmosis, is a common parasite that lives in animal feces and soil. Approximately 50% of the general population have been infected with T. gondii . In a healthy person, this infection will remain latent, i.e. silent. However, as the immune system becomes increasingly compromised, the infection can be reactivated. 80% to 90% of the cases of CNS toxoplasmosis occurs when the CD4 cell count is below 100/mm3. Approximately 30% of people with AIDS who show evidence of past infection of T. gondii will actually develop toxoplasmosis.

32. DPDx - Toxoplasmosis http://www.dpd.cdc.gov/dpdx/HTML/Toxoplasmosis.htm

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33. Toxoplasmosis - Page 1 Causal Agent Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that infects most speciesof warm blooded animals, including humans, causing the disease toxoplasmosis. http://www.dpd.cdc.gov/dpdx/HTML/Frames/S-Z/Toxoplasmosis/body_Toxoplasmosis_pag

[Last Modified: [Toxoplasma gondii] Causal Agent: Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that infects most species of warm blooded animals, including humans, causing the disease toxoplasmosis. Life Cycle: Members of the cat family (Felidae) are the only known definitive hosts for the sexual stages of T. gondii and thus are the main reservoirs of infection. Cats become infected with T. gondii by carnivorism . After tissue cysts or oocysts are ingested by the cat, viable organisms are released and invade epithelial cells of the small intestine where they undergo an asexual followed by a sexual cycle and then form oocysts, which are then excreted. The unsporulated oocyst takes 1 to 5 days after excretion to sporulate (become infective). Although cats shed oocysts for only 1 to 2 weeks, large numbers may be shed. Oocysts can survive in the environment for several months and are remarkably resistant to disinfectants, freezing, and drying, but are killed by heating to 70°C for 10 minutes. Human infection may be acquired in several ways: A) ingestion of undercooked infected meat containing Toxoplasma cysts ; B) ingestion of the oocyst from fecally contaminated hands or food ; C) organ transplantation or blood transfusion; D) transplacental transmission; E) accidental inoculation of tachyzoites. The parasites form tissue cysts, most commonly in skeletal muscle, myocardium, and brain; these cysts may remain throughout the life of the host.

34. Toxoplasma Gondii Photomicrographs of the stages of the organism that causes toxoplasmosis. http://www.cdfound.to.it/HTML/tox1.htm

35. Toxoplasmosis In Pregnancy toxoplasmosis in Pregnancy. What is toxoplasmosis? toxoplasmosis isan infection that can threaten the health of an unborn child. http://familydoctor.org/handouts/180.html

This handout is also available in Spanish. Information from Your Family Doctor Toxoplasmosis in Pregnancy What is toxoplasmosis? Toxoplasmosis is an infection that can threaten the health of an unborn child. It is caused by a parasite called Toxoplasma gondii . The parasite multiplies in the intestine of cats and is shed in cat feces, mainly into litter boxes and garden soil. You can get the parasite by handling cat litter or soil where there is cat feces. You can also get the parasite from eating undercooked meat (such as rare beef) from animals infected with the parasite. What happens if I have it? Healthy adults usually do not suffer ill effects from toxoplasmosis and many times do not have enough symptoms to suggest infection. Symptoms are rare, but can resemble the flu. However, if you become infected while pregnant, your unborn child may also become infected. Infected babies may not develop any disease, or they may become very ill, with serious damage to the brain and eyes. If you have been infected previously (at least 6 to 9 months before your pregnancy) with toxoplasma, you will develop immunity to it. The infection will not be active when you become pregnant, and so there is rarely a risk to your baby. How do I know if I have it?

36. Toxotema Translate this page toxoplasmosis. AutoraProf. Dra. Adelina Braselli. Definición. Latoxoplasmosis es una zoonosis de amplia distribución mundial. La http://www.infecto.edu.uy/revisiontemas/tema3/toxotema.htm

Temas Casos Cursos Otros Sitios ... Home Toxoplasmosis Autora:Prof. Dra. Adelina Braselli Patogenia Tratamiento Profilaxis Toxoplasma gondii es un protozoario intracelular obligado. Los felinos son los únicos "hospederos completos". El hombre y otros animal de sangre caliente son "huéspedes intermediarios". Sólo en el intestino de los felinos se cumple el ciclo sexuado que conduce a la producción de oocistos. El ciclo asexuado tiene lugar en los tejidos extraintestinales de los felinos y de los demás huéspedes. En el complejo ciclo vital, T. gondii a) taquizoito b) bradizoito - Es la forma quiescente, contenida en los quistes tisulares. Puede reactivarse cuando se deteriora la inmunidad celular. c) esporozoito comer carne cruda o no suficientemente cocida ingerir agua o alimentos contaminados La es posible cuando la embarazada padece la Aunque posible, es o por accidente ocupacional en los trabajadores de laboratorio.

37. Medical References: Toxoplasmosis toxoplasmosis is a relatively widespread parasitic infection that can occur aftereating raw or undercooked, exposure to cat feces, or soil that has been http://www.marchofdimes.com/professionals/681_1228.asp

View All Chapters Find Your Local Chapter March 31, 2003 Select one Folic Acid Pregnancy Prenatal Screening Infections/Diseases Loss Concerns Newborn Information Birth Defects Polio Genetics Research Funding Perinatal Statistics Medical References Continuing Education ... Prematurity Quick Reference and Fact Sheets Toxoplasmosis Toxoplasmosis is a relatively widespread parasitic infection caused by a one-celled organism called Toxoplasma gondii. When contracted by a pregnant woman, the infection can pose serious risks to her fetus. Between one in 1,000 and one in 10,000 babies in this country is born infected with toxoplasmosis. Fortunately, a pregnant woman can follow some simple precautions that can reduce her chances of becoming infected. Since more than half of all pregnancies are unintended, these precautions should be followed by all women who could become pregnant. A pregnant woman who contracts toxoplasmosis for the first time has about a 40 percent chance of passing the infection to her fetus. However, the risk and severity of the baby's infection depend upon when in the pregnancy it occurs. Studies suggest that, when mothers are infected in the first trimester (first three months of pregnancy), about 15 percent of fetuses become infected, as compared to about 30 percent in the second trimester and about 60 percent in the third. However, the consequences of the fetal infection are more severe the earlier in pregnancy the infection occurs. What Risks Does Toxoplasmosis Pose to the Baby?

38. Complications: Toxoplasmosis toxoplasmosis is a common infection that, when contracted by a pregnant woman,can physical and mental disabilities in her unborn baby or even death. http://www.marchofdimes.com/pnhec/188_667.asp

View All Chapters Find Your Local Chapter March 31, 2003 Before You're Pregnant During Your Pregnancy Complications Caring for Your Baby ... [View All Articles] Toxoplasmosis What you need to know: Toxoplasmosis is a common infection that, when contracted by a pregnant woman, can pose serious risks to her unborn baby. An estimated 400-1,000 babies in the United States are born with toxoplasmosis each year. Babies born with toxoplasmosis often develop eye infections that can cause blindness. Some develop hearing loss and/or learning disabilities. Some babies are so severely infected at birth that they die or have serious long-term physical and mental disabilities. Toxoplasmosis in pregnancy can also cause miscarriage and stillbirth. What you can do: There are simple steps you can take to avoid toxoplasmosis infection: Don’t empty a cat’s litter box. Have someone else do this for you. Don’t feed your cat raw or undercooked meat. Keep your cat indoors, if possible. Don’t eat raw or undercooked meat, especially pork or lamb. Wash your hands immediately after touching raw meat.

39. Care For Animals Cancer information for owners from the American Veterinary Medical Association.Category Health Animal Conditions and Diseases Veterinary Cancer...... Simple diagnostic procedures can be performed. toxoplasmosis is a relateddisease. External Parasites. General Top. toxoplasmosis. What http://www.avma.org/careforanimals/animatedjourneys/pethealth/pethealth.asp

Pet Health General Illnesses Pet Health General Illnesses and Diseases ... Equine Health General Illnesses and Diseases Signs of Ill Health Cancer Lyme Disease Parasites ... Toxoplasmosis Other Pet Health Concerns: Dental Health Vaccinations First Aid Signs of Ill Health Top Only a healthy pet is a happy companion. Assuring your pet's daily well-being requires regular care and close attention to any hint of ill health. The American Veterinary Medical Association therefore suggests that you consult your veterinarian if your pet shows any of the following signs: Abnormal discharges from the nose, eyes, or other body openings Loss of appetite, marked weight losses or gains, or excessive water consumption Difficult, abnormal, or uncontrolled waste elimination Abnormal behavior, sudden viciousness, or lethargy Abnormal lumps, limping, or difficulty getting up or lying down Excessive head shaking, scratching, and licking or biting any part of the body Dandruff, loss of hair, open sores, and a ragged or dull coat. Foul breath or excessive tarter deposits on teeth Cancer Top How Common is Cancer?

40. Toxoplasmosis - Prof. Dr. Hugo Luis Pizzi Translate this page Última publicación del Prof. Dr. Hugo Luis Pizzi y colaboradoressobre toxoplasmosis. Argentina. Último libro. del Prof. Dr. Lic. http://members.tripod.com/~Toxoplasmosis/

del Prof. Dr. Lic. HUGO LUIS PIZZI y colaboradores English El Prof. Dr. HUGO LUIS PIZZI es Médico Cirujano, Dr. en Medicina y Cirugía y Licenciado en Salud Pública por la UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE CÓRDOBA de Argentina. Profesor titular de la Facultad de Medicina de esa universidad. Jefe de Infectología del Hospital Pediátrico de Córdoba. Fue premiado en distintas oportunidades por la ACADEMIA NACIONAL DE MEDICINA. Profesor invitado por la UNIVERSIDAD DE PARÍS, Francia y el Instituto "OSWALDO CRUZ", de Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Es autor de libros y trabajos científicos. CONTENIDOS DEL LIBRO: Historia Colaboradores: Prof. Dr. Daniel Roberto Pizzi Dra. Gloria Benvissuto Prof. Roque Maffrand El libro TOXOPLASMOSIS puede ser solicitado, sin cargo, por cualquier Biblioteca de Facultad de Medicina del mundo hpizzi@intramed.net.ar LinkExchange Member Ud. es el visitante numero LE FastCounter

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