41. Trachoma Update- September 2002 trachoma Control Program. Pictorial Report Upper Nile, South Sudan September2002. trachoma usually begins in early childhood http://cmaid.org/trachoma_update-_september_2002.htm

Christian Mission Aid CMA Home Page Medical Projects Children's Ministries ... Information Search Trachoma Control Program Pictorial Report Upper Nile, South Sudan September 2002 Trachoma: "... usually begins in early childhood; but does not cause blindness until much later in life, as repeated infections cause inflammation and scarring on the inside of the eyelid Trachoma, caused by chlamydia trachomatis, is spread easily from person to person. Through the discharge from the eyes of an infected child, trachoma is passed to others by hands, on clothing, or by flies that are attracted to faces and runny noses. Repeated infections eventually cause eyelashes to turn inwards (Trichiasis) and rub against the cornea, which causes pain and the scarring that eventually leads to corneal opacity (blindness). The tragic later stages of the disease occur in adulthood; when people are in their most productive years.” (The Carter Center, June 2002). Conditions in Upper Nile Understanding conditions in Upper Nile is essential for a full appreciation of the health challenges, and helps explain why trachoma has persisted, and remains such a serious challenge. Upper Nile is a vast plain, with savanna grassland and forest, drained by large rivers and interspersed with seasonal swamps and marshes. Before the current civil war (1983

42. 1Up Health > Trachoma > Causes, Incidence, And Risk Factors Of Trachoma (Egyptia Comprehesive information on trachoma (Egyptian ophthalmia, Granular conjunctivitis). trachomaCauses, Incidence, and Risk Factors. Alternative names http://www.1uphealth.com/health/trachoma_info.html

1Up Health Trachoma Alternative Medicine Clinical Trials ... Health Topics A-Z Search 1Up Health Trachoma Information Trachoma Causes, Incidence, and Risk Factors Alternative names : Egyptian ophthalmia, Granular conjunctivitis Definition : Trachoma is an eye infection caused by Chlamydia trachomatis which may result in chronic scarring and blindness if left untreated. Causes, Incidence, and Risk Factors Trachoma is caused by infection with the bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis . It has an incubation period of 5 to 12 days and begins slowly as conjunctivitis (irritation near the eye, "pink eye"), which if untreated may become chronic and lead to scarring. If the eyelids are severely irritated, the eyelashes may turn in and rub against the cornea. This can cause eye ulcers, further scarring, visual loss, and even blindness Trachoma occurs worldwide primarily in rural settings in developing countries. It frequently affects children, although the consequences of scarring may not be evident until later in life. While trachoma is rare in the United States, certain populations marked by poverty, crowded living conditions, and/or poor hygiene are at higher risk for this illness. Trachoma is acquired via direct contact with eye or nose-throat secretions from affected individuals or by contact with inanimate objects which are contaminated with these secretions, such as towels or clothes. In addition, certain flies which have fed on these secretions can transmit trachoma.

43. Eye Conditions > Trachoma -- EyeMDLink.com Last Updated 9/30/2001. trachoma. Also referred to as Trachomiatopolisologytrachoma is the leading cause of preventable blindness worldwide. http://www.eyemdlink.com/Condition.asp?ConditionID=40

44. Trachoma | Vhihealthe . trachoma is a major cause of blindness in the world.It is found in the Far East, as well as countries with desert climates.......trachoma. http://www2.vhihealthe.com/topic/topic100587586

You are here: Home Health A to Z Trachoma Frey, Rebecca J. Below: Definition Description Causes and symptoms Diagnosis ... Resources Definition Trachoma, which is also called granular conjunctivitis or Egyptian ophthalmia, is a contagious, chronic inflammation of the mucous membranes of the eyes, caused by Chlamydia trachomatis . It is characterized by swelling of the eyelids, sensitivity to light, and eventual scarring of the conjunctivae and corneas of the eyes. Description Trachoma is a major cause of blindness in the world. It is found in the Far East, as well as countries with desert climates. In the United States, it is most common among certain Native Americans and in parts of Appalachia. The infection is highly contagious in its early stages. Blindness results from recurrent untreated infections. The conjunctiva is the clear mucous membrane that lines the inside of the eyelid and covers the white part (sclera) of the eye. Conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the conjunctiva. Causes and symptoms Trachoma is caused by C. trachomatis

45. Disease Fact Sheet: Trachoma Overview of disease fact sheets. Disease fact sheet trachoma. Global Alliancefor the Elimination of trachoma by the year 2020 (GET 2020). http://www.worldwaterday.org/disease/trachoma.html

WWD home 2001 Home About WWD 2001 News ... Overview of disease fact sheets Disease fact sheet: Trachoma The disease and its effect on people Cause Distribution Scale of the Problem ... Global Alliance for the Elimination of Trachoma by the year 2020 (GET 2020) The disease and its effect on people Cause Trachoma is caused by an organism called Chlamydia trachomatis. Through the discharge from an infected child's eyes, trachoma is passed on by hands, on clothing, or by flies that land on the face of the infected child. Distribution Trachoma occurs worldwide and most often in poor rural communities in developing countries. Blinding trachoma is widespread in the Middle East, North and Sub-Sahara Africa, parts of the Indian subcontinent, Southern Asia and China. Pockets of blinding trachoma occur in Latin America, Australia (among native Australians) and the Pacific Islands. Scale of the Problem The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that six million worldwide are blind due to trachoma and more than 150 million people are in need of treatment. Intervention Primary interventions advocated for preventing trachoma infection include improved sanitation, reduction of fly breeding sites and increased facial cleanliness (with clean water) among children at risk of disease. The scaring and visual change for trachoma can be reversed by a simple surgical procedure performed at village level which reverses the inturned eyelashes.

46. Eye Care trachoma. The word trachoma is derived from the Greek word rough .It is an the eyes. trachoma is a major cause of blindness. It http://www.eyecareindia.com/subcontents.asp?sectionid=5&subcontentid=101

47. MedWebPlus Subject Diseases And Conditions Eye Diseases MedWebPlus A service of Flexis, Inc. ADVERTISEMENT click here - ADVERTISEMENT- click here - ADVERTISEMENT advertisement ADVERTISEMENT http://www.medwebplus.com/subject/Diseases_and_Conditions/Eye_Diseases/Trachoma

48. CCHS Clinical Digital Library trachoma Patient/Family Resources. Miscellaneous. Miscellaneous trachoma Patient/FamilyResources National Library of Medicine MEDLINEplus Health Topics Index http://cchs-dl.slis.ua.edu/patientinfo/ophthalmology/corneal/trachoma.htm

Patient/Family Resources by Topic: Ophthalmology Trachoma Patient/Family Resources Spanish Miscellaneous See also: Chlamydial Infections Patient/Family Resources General Ophthalmology Patient/Family Resources Trachoma Clinical Resources MEDLINE plus Medical Encyclopedia: Table of contents Trachoma: English Spanish Spanish MEDLINE plus Medical Encyclopedia: Table of contents Trachoma: English Spanish Miscellaneous Trachoma Patient/Family Resources National Library of Medicine MEDLINE plus Health Topics: Index Eye Injuries: List of documents YAHOO - Health:Diseases and Conditions:Eye Conditions Additional Eye Conditions resources ( These sites have not been reviewed. YAHOO - Health:Medicine:Ophthalmology Additional Ophthalmology resources ( These sites have not been reviewed. Health Sciences Library College of Community Health Sciences The University of Alabama Service provided by the Clinical Digital Libraries Project of the UA and UNT Schools of Library and Information Studies Powered by UA Digital Libraries Navigation Lab technology

49. CCHS Clinical Digital Library trachoma Clinical Resources. Miscellaneous trachoma Clinical ResourcesHealth Reviews for Primary Care Providers on the Internet Homepage http://cchs-dl.slis.ua.edu/clinical/ophthalmology/corneal/trachoma.htm

Clinical Resources by Topic: Ophthalmology Trachoma Clinical Resources Emergency Pediatrics Pathology Clinical Guidelines ... Miscellaneous Resources See also: Eye Evaluation Clinical Resources Chlamydial Infections Clinical Resources General Ophthalmology Clinical Resources Trachoma ... Patient/Family Resources Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine 15th Ed.-2001: Table of contents Health Sciences Library subscription INFO Chapter 28: Disorders of the Eye Table of contents Red or Painful Eye Access document Chapter 179: Chlamydial Infections Table of contents Introduction: Access document Trachoma and Adult Inclusion Conjunctivitis Access document Definition Access document Epidemiology Access document Clinical Manifestations Access document Diagnosis Access document Treatment Access document Prevention Access document Yanoff: Ophthalmology 1st Ed.-1999 (MD Consult): Table of contents Health Sciences Library subscription INFO Section 5 - Cornea and External Disease: Access document Chapter 1 - Disorders of the Conjunctiva and Limbus: Access document Mandell: Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases 5th Ed.-2000 (MD Consult): Table of contents Health Sciences Library subscription INFO Chapter 167 - Introduction to Chlamydial Diseases: Access document Chapter 168 - Chlamydia trachomatis (Trachoma

50. Caring For Community: International Trachoma Initiative International trachoma Initiative. Home Caring for Community Internationaltrachoma Initiative. trachoma. It was the reason that http://www.pfizer.com/subsites/philanthropy/caring/global.health.trachoma.html

Sitemap Privacy Global HIV/AIDS Partnerships ... Community Health International Trachoma Initiative Home Caring for Community Trachoma . It was the reason that many people were turned away from Ellis Island on their journey to America a century ago. Through public health measures, the disease was defeated in the United States. However, Trachoma remains a devastating scourge in many developing countries. Today, almost six million people worldwide have already gone blind from this easily transmittable disease, and an estimated 150 million are in need of treatment to avoid suffering the same fate. Women are blinded two to three times more often than men, probably due to their close contact with young children, who are very susceptible to the disease. Although trachoma is preventable and treatable, the resources to fight the disease have not always been available. However, there is now real cause for hope that blinding trachoma can be controlled and some day eliminated as a public health threat, thanks to the unique partnership between Pfizer and the Edna McConnell Clark Foundation. The International Trachoma Initiative uses an innovative plan developed by the World Health Organization called the SAFE strategy . SAFE combines curative medicine, community-based public health approaches and educational tools into a simple, easy-to-follow procedure. A critical component of the strategy's success is the use and availability of Pfizer's antibiotic, Zithromax. For the first time, patients can take a single-dose oral treatment for trachoma

51. Access To Medicines: International Trachoma Initiative International trachoma Initiative. Home Access to Medicines InternationalPrograms International trachoma Initiative. trachoma. http://www.pfizer.com/subsites/philanthropy/access/intl.programs.trachoma.html

Sitemap Privacy Diflucan Partnership Program ... International Trachoma Initiative International Trachoma Initiative Home Access to Medicines International Programs Trachoma. Almost six million people worldwide have already gone blind from this easily transmittable disease, and an estimated 150 million are in need of treatment to avoid suffering the same fate. Women are blinded two to three times more often than men, probably due to their close contact with young children, who are very susceptible to the disease. Although trachoma is preventable and treatable, the resources to fight the disease have not always been available. However, there is now real cause for hope that blinding trachoma can be controlled and some day eliminated, thanks to the unique partnership between Pfizer and the Edna McConnell Clark Foundation. The International Trachoma Initiative uses an innovative plan developed by the World Health Organization called the SAFE strategy . SAFE combines curative medicine, community-based public health approaches and educational tools into a simple, easy-to-follow procedure. A critical component of the strategy's success is the use and availability of Zithromax. For the first time, patients can take a single-dose oral treatment for trachoma a radical advance from the previous regime of daily applications of antibiotic eye ointment over a full six-week period. Bacteria cause trachoma, but poverty and lack of access to health care, clean water, and sanitation help to accelerate its rapid spread. This can lead to the devastation of entire communities as well as families. For example, if a woman goes blind due to trachoma, her daughters may be pulled out of school to help care for older relatives, younger siblings, farm animals, and crops. Not only does this greatly limit the family's future opportunities, but it also helps perpetuate a cycle of poverty that can continue for generations.

52. Medic-Planet Trachoma trachoma See also Eyes and vision, Pink eye, Back to the Index page Causetrachoma is caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. http://www.medic-planet.com/MP_article/internal_reference/Trachoma

53. Christian Blind Mission International : Trachoma trachoma. What is trachoma? How big is the problem? What is CBMI doing tohelp? What is trachoma? trachoma is an infectious disease of the eye. http://www.cbmi.org.au/tellmemore/trachoma.asp

About CBMI Tell Me More How To Help Things To Do ... Church Resources Trachoma What is Trachoma? How big is the problem? What is CBMI doing to help? What can you do to help? What is Trachoma? Trachoma is an infectious disease of the eye. It is one of the leading causes of blindness, especially in dry, poverty-stricken areas of the world where water is scarce and washing is difficult. A general lack of hygiene, smoke from cooking fires and blowing dust provide a perfect environment for the Chlamydia trachomatis microorganism to take hold, infecting and re-infecting eyes throughout a community. The condition is worsened by overcrowding, where children sleep packed together and flies swarm around exposed refuse. After years of repeated infection, as children pass the trachoma organism back and forth and flies carry it from face to face, scarring gradually builds up on the underside of the eyelid. The infection becomes more painful and damaging in adulthood as the inturned eyelid brings the eyelashes into contact with the cornea. The eyelashes break off into bristles that scratch the cornea (a condition known as trichiasis), causing scarring and ultimately irreversible blindness. How big is the problem?

54. Dana Center Trachoma Study Dana Center trachoma Study. trachoma continues to be a leading causeof blindness in the world. Once found world wide, trachoma has http://www.wilmer.jhu.edu/research/DC.HTM

Dana Center Trachoma Study Overview of Project Introduction Sources of re-emergence Azithromycin offers a new alternative Benefits of Azithromycin ... Conclusion Introduction Trachoma continues to be a leading cause of blindness in the world. Once found world wide, trachoma has largely disappeared from North America and Europe in connection with socioeconomic changes and development. However, large areas of Africa, the Middle East, and Asia still suffer from this preventable disease. Approximately 5-10% of the world's population has been infected. While adequate doses of topical antibiotic treatment have been shown to be effective against ocular C. Trachomiatis, the community based topical treatment programs are ineffective in controlling trachoma, as their effects are relatively short lived. Within a year, the levels of disease activity approximate those found before the intervention. The benefits of the treatment programs in preventing blinding lesions are thought to be due to reduction of the duration of severe inflammation. Studies have documented the rapid re-emergence of active trachoma in communities that have implemented mass treatment with topical antibiotics. In one study in Tanzania, 7% of children who were direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) negative for chlamydia immediately following topical tetracycline were DFA positive 4 weeks later. With the more sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test, fully 20% of those who were PCR negative following treatment became PCR-positive. By the end of 10 months following treatment, the cumulative risk of severe disease in children free of severe trachoma following treatment was twenty percent.

55. Anti-trachoma Goggles antitrachoma goggles cheap plastic-film goggles to keep flies offeyes, (-2, +1), During the war we were issued with very cheaply http://www.halfbakery.com/idea/anti-trachoma_20goggles

h a l f b a k e r y Rye? Well, rye not? idea: new search annotate link , view, overview recent by name best ... random meta: news help about links ... report a bug account: Browse anonymously, or get an account and write. User: Pass: Login Create an account. 2-D Glasses anti-trachoma goggles Autofocus glasses beeping glasses ... glasses anti-trachoma goggles cheap plastic-film goggles to keep flies off eyes [vote for against During the war we were issued with very cheaply-produced 'gas-goggles' which would be just the thing to keep flies off tropical people's eyes at a vastly lower cost than expensive insecticide programmes. That should be one of the objects of one of the aid-funds concerned. hedley , Jul 24 2000 link See page 22, New Scientist 22 Jul 2000 - for a similar idea - the Fergusson Fly Trap - made from two plastic fizz bottles. Invented in New Zealand in 1997 it is now used everywhere, having e.g. reduced trachoma cases 36% in Kenya. The same bottles could make goggles too. - rayfo, Jul 29 2000 rayfo , Jul 28 2000 annotate back: page top main index business car ... public

56. DBMD - Trachoma - Technical Information trachoma. Clinical Features, trachoma is a chronic follicular conjunctivitisthat leads to scarring in the conjunctiva and cornea. http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/trachoma_t.htm

Trachoma Clinical Features Trachoma is a chronic follicular conjunctivitis that leads to scarring in the conjunctiva and cornea. Repeat active infections occur in children < 10 years of age. Subsequently, conjunctival scarring (cicatricial disease) and inversion of the eyelashes so they irritate the cornea (trichiasis) develops as a result of earlier infections. Trichiasis predisposes to corneal ulceration and corneal opacities resulting in decreased vision and blindness. Etiologic Agent Chlamydia trachomatis , serovars A, B, and C. First description of disease in 16th-century BC in the Ebers Papyrus. Infectious potential demonstrated by experimental transmission of agent from a case-patient to an orangutan in 1907. Incidence WHO estimates that approximately 6 million cases of blindness due to trachoma and 11 million cases of trichiasis occur yearly. Prevalence of active disease in children varies from 10-40% in some African countries to 3-10% in several Asian countries. The overall incidence is unknown.

57. Prevention Of Blindness: Trachoma Control Prevention of Blindness trachoma Control. Approximately 69 million* people areblind from trachoma, and many more have suffered partial loss of vision. http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001178.htm

Prevention of Blindness: Trachoma Control Trachoma is estimated to affect approximately 500 million people, primarily in rural communities of the developing world and in the arid areas of tropical and subtropical zones. Approximately 6-9 million* people are blind from trachoma, and many more have suffered partial loss of vision. Trachoma can be controlled, and blindness and visual loss can be prevented by appropriate application of relatively simple and inexpensive measures. Therefore, communities with uncontrolled trachoma should be identified so that appropriate control measures can be implemented. Such communities are likely to be found in countries where blindness rates are above the range of 0.5%-1%, and where more than 1%-2% of the population are blind from all causes. In recent years, preventable and easily curable blindness has been recognized as a combatible public health problem. The need for blindness prevention has led to a renewed interest in trachoma and associated infections, which are still the most important causes of preventable blindness in the world. In 1975, the Twenty-Eighth World Health Assembly, in a resolution on the prevention of blindness, requested the Director General of the World Health Organization "to encourage member countries to develop national programmes for the prevention of blindness, especially aimed at the control of trachoma, xerophthalmia, onchocerciasis, and other causes, and to introduce adequate measures for the early detection and treatment for other potentially blinding conditions such as cataract and glaucoma."

58. Trachoma - Introduction. Chlamydiae.com. The page you have accessed is restricted please login.If you have come here from an external search engine it is http://www.chlamydiae.com/chlamydiae/restricted/docs/infections/trachoma_introdu

Home News FAQ Chlamydiales ... Links Chlamydiae.com The page you have accessed is restricted please login- If you have come here from an external search engine it is because the page you want requires registration. Registration is quick, free of charge and gives you access to the full site. You may wish to visit the home page first to see what this comprehensive site is about. If all you want is basic information about chlamydial genital tract infections, click health information If you wish to register straight away, please click register now E-Mail Address: Password: Tick this box to remember your login (not recommended for users of shared computers)

59. Securesite trachoma. CBM Home Page. UK Office. Scottish NEWS. SCHOOLS. An estimated 146 millionpeople have the active trachoma infection and need preventative treatment. http://www.cbmuk.org.uk/trachoma.html

Trachoma CBM Home Page UK Office Scottish NEWS Co-Workers ... SIGHT FLIGHT I want to... help people with Cataracts help people with River Blindness help the Sight Flight Program help people with Trachoma help Vitamin A Deficiency receive a CBM Publication CBM Christian Blind Mission International An estimated 146 million people have the active trachoma infection and need preventative treatment. A further 10.6 million people suffer the condition known as trichiasis . It is the final and most painful stage of trachoma, the last stage before complete and irreversible blindness. These people desperately need surgery (a 'lid rotation' operation) if they are to avoid blindness. Six million people are irrevocably blind from trachoma. As a move towards the year 2020, and part of the VISION 2020 initiative, CBM will intensify its

60. Trachoma trachoma, trukO'mu Pronunciation Key. trachoma , infection of the mucousmembrane of the eyelids caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/sci/A0849211.html

Reduce your family medical costs by up to 60% now! Oral health..Save up to 60% on dental care. Easy Medical Diagnosis..stop smoking! All Infoplease All Almanacs General Entertainment Sports Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Infoplease Home Almanacs Atlas Dictionary ... Fact Monster Kids' reference Info:Daily Fun facts Homework Center Newsletter You've got info! Help Site Map Visit related sites from: Family Education Network Encyclopedia trachoma [tr u k O u Pronunciation Key trachoma , infection of the mucous membrane of the eyelids caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. Trachoma infects more than 150 million people worldwide. An estimated 6 million people have become blind because of it, making the disease the second leading cause of blindness, after cataracts. It is most common in parts of Africa, the Middle East, and Asia. In the United States it has occurred sporadically among Native Americans and in mountainous areas of the South. Trachoma is highly contagious in its early stages and is transmitted by direct contact with infected persons or articles (e.g., towels, handkerchiefs) and possibly also by flies. It begins as congestion and swelling of the eyelids with tearing and disturbance of vision. The cornea is often involved. If left untreated, scar tissue forms, which causes deformities of the eyelids and, if there is corneal involvement, partial or total blindness. The disease has been effectively treated with tetracycline ointment and with the newer oral drug azithromycin (Zithromax). The World Health Organization began a campaign in 1998 to eradicate the disease worldwide by the year 2020. The strategy includes use of azithromycin and sanitation improvements in water supplies.

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