61. Arch Ophthalmol -- Page Not Found 117;974, July 1999, Can Blinding trachoma Be Eliminated Worldwide?, Chandler Dawson,MD; Julius Schachter, PhD. Can Blinding trachoma Be Eliminated Worldwide? http://archopht.ama-assn.org/issues/v117n7/ffull/eed90025.html

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62. Trachoma Up. trachoma WHO Alliance for the Global Elimination of trachoma http//www.who.intElimination of blinding trachoma from the globe by the year 2020. http://www.medlina.com/trachoma.htm

Academic Medicine Addiction Aging AIDS-HIV ... Women's Health The Web MEDLINA.com (partial) CDC WHO FDA NIH CATEGORIES Search: All Products Books Magazines Popular Music Classical Music Video DVD Baby Electronics Software Outdoor Living Wireless Phones Keywords: Home Up Ophthalmology Books Blindness Amblyopia ... Squint Trachoma Uveitis Xerophthalmia Ophthalmology Software Ophthalmology Journals ... Ophthalmology Associations Trachoma WHO Alliance for the Global Elimination of Trachoma - http://www.who.int Elimination of blinding trachoma from the globe by the year 2020. International Trachoma Initiative - http://www.trachoma.org ITI, founded by Pfizer Inc and The Edna McConnell Clark Foundation, is dedicated to eliminating the world's leading cause of preventable blindness. Includes information on trachoma, the initiative and its sponsors. Trachoma - http://www.hki.org Report from Hellen Keller International. Trachoma - http://edie.cprost.sfu.ca The world's leading preventable cause of blindness. Preventing Trachoma and Blindness - http://edie.cprost.sfu.ca Information by Global Child Net.

63. About The International Trachoma Initiative About the International trachoma Initiative, In the mid1990s, afternearly a quarter century of work in Tropical Disease Research http://www.emcf.org/about/pastprograms/iti.htm

About the Foundation Programs Evaluation News ... Search About the International Trachoma Initiative In the mid-1990s, after nearly a quarter century of work in Tropical Disease Research, the Foundation began to take stock of its accomplishments and prospects for the future. In particular, our work in the prevention and treatment of trachoma - a painful disease of the eyelids that normally leads to blindness - had shown remarkable results, in extensive field tests and through international collaborations in some of the worst-affected nations. We were determined, as we explored opportunities to conclude our own efforts, that progress toward wiping out trachoma-related blindness should not end. Indeed, our goal was to find a way to accelerate the fight against trachoma, expand its reach, and establish it soundly enough to endure until the job is done. Research and experience pointed toward the need for a new institution to carry on that mission. We eventually found a solution in a partnership with Pfizer Inc , which is contributing both financial support and its antibiotic Zithromax(r) to the cause. The

64. NHS Direct Online Encyclopedia Trachoma Introduction NHS Direct Online Encyclopedia entry on trachoma including description, symptoms,diagnosis, treatment. NHS Direct Online Health Encyclopaedia trachoma. http://www.nhsdirect.nhs.uk/nhsdoheso/display.asp?sTopic=Trachoma

65. Blindness From Trachoma Nearly Eliminated In Morocco Blindness from trachoma nearly eliminated in Morocco RELATED CHEALTH LINKSEye Care; Another 150 million people have trachoma, WHO estimates. http://www.canoe.ca/Health0112/18_morocco-ap.html

Inside CANOE.CA SLAM! Sports Jam! Showbiz AllPop CNEWS Webfin Money C-Health Lifewise AUTONET.CA Newsstand Travel Search eBay.ca Get away today 411 online Free E-Mail Shop.canoe.ca CareerConnection Classified Extra Match Contact Obituaries Today Restaurants Hotels Weather Horoscopes Lotteries Crossword Scoreboard News Ticker Biz Ticker Sports Ticker TV Listings Movie Listings CLIVE Concerts Mutual Funds Stocks Feedback Index Home Top Stories Health Topics Health Assoc. ... Forums TOOLS: Disease Database Drug Database Alt. Health Dictionary ... Encyclopedia December 18, 2001 Blindness from trachoma nearly eliminated in Morocco RELATED C-HEALTH LINKS Eye Care Blindness By JONATHAN EWING Associated Press Eye Care Focus Cdn. Ophthalmological Society Eye facts Eye Safety First aid for eyes Contact lenses ... Cataracts Articles and Videos: UNITED NATIONS (AP) Trachoma-related blindness has been nearly eliminated in one North African nation, according to an international fund that also announced plans to expand its program. The International Trachoma Initiative predicted last Tuesday that trachoma-related blindness , a risk to 1.5 million people in Morocco just five years ago, will be eliminated in the country by 2005.

66. Trachoma trachoma infection of the mucous membrane of the eyelids, caused by a virus. trachoma.infection of the mucous membrane of the eyelids, caused by a virus. http://www.slider.com/enc/53000/trachoma.htm

Home Encyclopeadia T Toc - Tor ... Rope Ladders Trellian WebPage Slider Search: The Web Encyclopaedia Shopping Index Help Encyclopaedia trachoma infection of the mucous membrane of the eyelids, caused by a virus. In the United States it occurs sporadically amoung Native Americans and in mountainous areas of the South. It is endemic in poverty-stricken parts of the dry hot Mediterranean countries and East Asia. It is highly contagious in its early stages and is transmitted by direct contact with infected persons or articles (e.g., towels, handkerchiefs). The causative agent is trachoma and inclusion conjunctivitis, a strain of Chlamydia trachomatis, and is related to psittacosis . Trachoma begins as congestion and swelling of the eyelids with tearing and disturbance of vision. The cornea is often involved. If left untreated, scar tissue forms, which causes deformities of the eyelids and, if there is corneal involvement, partial or total blindness. Excellent therapeutic results are obtained with sulfa and antibiotic drugs. Add URL Advertise Contact Us psittacosis

67. Tan008 From Witches To Treated Trachoma Patients Tanzania From witches to treated trachoma patients Now, newly introduced teachingof communities on how to fight trachoma reduces the withhunt. http://www.afrol.com/News2001/tan008_trachoma.htm

Tanzania From witches to treated trachoma patients Related items News articles 29.05.2002 - Emergency FGM rescue operation fails In Tanzania 02.08.2001 - Tanzania: From witches to treated trachoma patients 07.04.2001 - Tables turned in Ghanaian witch case 26.06.2001 - Tanzania fails to enforce law against female mutilation ... 28.09.2000 - Burundian women abused in Tanzanian refugee camps Background Tanzania Gender Profile (Women) Pages Tanzania Archive Health News afrol - Women News, Africa In Internet Equality Now African Gender Institute Misanet.com / IPS, 2 August - In the northern Tanzanian district of Shinyanga, it has become a common practice to lynch old women with bloodshot eyes, usually on suspicion that they are witches. Now, newly introduced teaching of communities on how to fight trachoma reduces the withhunt. In the local community, bloodshot eyes are associated with witchcraft, but Tanzanian health officials believe the phenomenon could be a result of irritation caused by trachoma, a leading public health problem and a cause of preventable blindness in much of Tanzania's northern and eastern regions. The disease is aggravated by poor living conditions, often in poorly ventilated thatched huts, where the old women's eyes are irritated by smoke, and lack of sleep. When they wake up in the morning their eyes are blood-shot.

68. Trachoma.html Tanzanians who are at the greatest risk of contracting trachoma are the least willingto pay for azithromycin treatment, according to researchers from the http://www.jhsph.edu/Press_Room/Press_Releases/trachoma.html

March 31, 2003 Press Room Home News Contact Find a Research Expert ... Style Manual February 26, 2003 High-Risk Trachoma Patients Less Likely to Pay for Treatment May Decrease Government’s Ability to Fight Disease Progression Tanzanians who are at the greatest risk of contracting trachoma, a chronic infection that causes blindness, are the least willing to pay for azithromycin treatment, according to researchers from the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. The researchers conclude that governments should continue to make antibiotics available free of charge in trachoma-control programs. The article, “Household willingness to pay for azithromycin treatment for trachoma control,” will appear in the February 2003 issue of Bulletin , the magazine of the World Health Organization (WHO) Kevin D. Frick , PhD, lead author of the study and associate professor of health policy and management in the School of Public Health, said, “Many individuals with symptoms suggested they would forgo treatment rather than pay for future antibiotic treatment. Therefore, if a government ever wanted to charge for the antibiotic in order to recover some of its costs, that plan might limit access for those who need the drug most and make it more difficult to eliminate the infection and the later complications, which include blindness.” In the Kongwa district of central Tanzania, close to 60 percent of preschool children have trachoma and eight percent of adults over the age of 55 have trichiasis, a complication of repeated trachoma infections in which the eyelashes turn in upon themselves and cause abrasions on the cornea. Previous estimates have suggested that at any one time, 5 to 7 million people are blinded as a result of trachoma infections and 300 to 500 million more have the disease.

69. Antibiotics For Trachoma (Cochrane Review) Click here to order the full review. Antibiotics for trachoma (Cochrane Review). Backgroundtrachoma is the world's leading cause of preventable blindness. http://www.cochrane.org/cochrane/revabstr/ab001860.htm

Abstract from The Cochrane Library , Issue 1, 2003 Click here to order the full review Antibiotics for trachoma (Cochrane Review) Mabey D, Fraser-Hurt N ABSTRACT A substantive amendment to this systematic review was last made on 26 November 2001. Cochrane reviews are regularly checked and updated if necessary. Background: Trachoma is the world's leading cause of preventable blindness. In 1997 the World Health Organization launched an initiative on trachoma control based on the 'SAFE' strategy (surgery, antibiotics, facial cleanliness and environmental improvement). Objectives: The aim of this review is to assess the evidence supporting the antibiotic arm of the SAFE strategy by assessing the effects of antibiotics on both active trachoma (primary objective) and on Chlamydia trachomatis infection of the conjunctiva (secondary objective). Search strategy: We searched The Cochrane Controlled Trials Register - CENTRAL/CCTR, which contains the Cochrane Eyes and Vision Group specialised register (Cochrane Library Issue 3, 2001), MEDLINE (1966 to August 2001), and EMBASE (1980 to September 2001). We used the Science Citation Index to look for articles that cited the included studies. We searched the reference lists of identified articles and we contacted authors and experts for details of further relevant studies. Selection criteria: We included only randomised trials that satisfied either of two criteria: (a) trials in which topical or oral administration of an antibiotic was compared to placebo or no treatment in people with trachoma, (b) trials in which a topical antibiotic was compared with an oral antibiotic in people with trachoma. A subdivision of particular interest was of trials in which topical tetracycline/chlortetracycline was compared with oral azithromycin, as these are the two World Health Organization recommended treatments.

70. Trachoma trachoma. WHO Alliance for the Global Elimination of trachoma Eliminationof blinding trachoma from the globe by the year 2020. http://www.health-nexus.org/trachoma.htm

Health-Nexus.Com Health-Nexus.Net The #1 Health information site Home ... Up Search Health-Nexus for: Match ALL words Match ANY word Email this page to a friend ! Post a question or comment on our Message Board Home Page Health Specialties Health News ... Alternative Health Options Substance Abuse Animal Health Search: Books Magazines Video Keywords: Find it Here Trachoma International Trachoma Initiative (ITI), eliminating blindness from trachoma - The International Trachoma Initiative, founded by Pfizer Inc and The Edna McConnell Clark Foundation, is dedicated to eliminating the world's leading cause of preventable blindness. WHO Alliance for the Global Elimination of Trachoma - Elimination of blinding trachoma from the globe by the year 2020. FEATURES - Trachoma - Trachoma attacks one person at a time. But it is a community disease. And it is the community that must make a commitment to treatment and control. Trachoma Treatment and Prevention - A wide range of Trachoma information concerning treatment, prevention, diagnosis, email groups, support groups, personal stories, and much more. Updated regularly.

71. Nature Publishing Group the global elimination of trachoma Hugh Taylor Centre for Eye Research AustraliaThe University of Melbourne 32 Gisborne Street, E. Melbourne 3002 Australia http://www.nature.com/cgi-taf/DynaPage.taf?file=/nm/journal/v5/n5/full/nm0599_49

72. Nature Publishing Group Volume 5 Number 5 pp 572 576 Global elimination of trachoma How frequently shouldwe administer mass chemotherapy? Methods Transmission model of trachoma. http://www.nature.com/cgi-taf/DynaPage.taf?file=/nm/journal/v5/n5/full/nm0599_57

73. AllAfrica.com -- Ethiopia: ITI Expands Trachoma Control Programme ITI Expands trachoma Control Programme, Email This Page Print This PageVisit The Publisher's Site. UN Integrated Regional Information Networks. http://allafrica.com/stories/200112120266.html

Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Comoros Congo-Brazzaville Congo-Kinshasa Côte d'Ivoire Djibouti Egypt Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Ethiopia Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea Bissau Kenya Lesotho Liberia Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Morocco Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Rwanda Sao Tomé and Principé Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa Sudan Swaziland Tanzania Togo Tunisia Uganda Western Sahara Zambia Zimbabwe ITI Expands Trachoma Control Programme Email This Page Print This Page Visit The Publisher's Site UN Integrated Regional Information Networks December 12, 2001 Posted to the web December 12, 2001 The International Trachoma Initiative (ITI) announced on Tuesday that it would expand its efforts to control trachoma to Ethiopia, Nepal and Niger in light of the quick success of its programme in Morocco. "These initiatives will go a long way towards eliminating blinding trachoma by 2020 in accordance with WHO guidelines," ITI Executive Director Joseph Cook said in New York. Trachoma is the world's leading cause of preventable blindness. While the disease was eliminated in the industrialised world early in the 20th Century as a result of economic development and improved hygiene, some six million people in developing countries are currently blind as a result of it.

74. Trachoma. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001 The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001. trachoma. (tr trachomatis.trachoma infects more than 150 million people worldwide. http://www.bartleby.com/65/tr/trachoma.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference Columbia Encyclopedia PREVIOUS NEXT ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. trachoma (tr k KEY ) , infection of the mucous membrane of the eyelids caused by the bacterium

75. Health Ency.: Disease: Trachoma trachoma. if left untreated. Causes and Risks. trachoma is causedby infection with the bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis. It has an http://www.austin360.com/shared/health/adam/ency/article/001486.html

SEARCH: The Web Yellow Pages HOME Illustrated Health Encyclopedia Important notice Ency. home Disease T Trachoma Overview Symptoms Treatment Prevention Alternative names: Granular conjunctivitis; Egyptian ophthalmia Definition: An eye infection caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, which may result in chronic scarring and blindness if left untreated. Causes and Risks Trachoma is caused by infection with the bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis. It has an incubation period of 5 to 12 days and begins slowly as conjunctivitis (irritation near the eye, "pink eye") which if untreated may become chronic and lead to scarring. If the eyelids become inflamed, the eyelashes may turn in and rub against the cornea and lead to ulcers, further scarring, visual loss and even blindness Trachoma occurs worldwide primarily in rural settings among developing countries. It frequently affects children, although the consequences of scarring may not be evident until later in life. While trachoma is rare in the United States, certain populations marked by poverty, crowded living conditions and/or poor hygiene are at higher risk for this illness. Trachoma is acquired through direct contact with eye or nose-throat secretions from affected individuals and inanimate objects which may have been in contact with these secretions, such as towels or clothes can also spread the disease. In addition, certain flies which have fed on these secretions can transmit trachoma.

76. A Targeted, Single-dose Azithromycin Strategy For Trachoma A targeted, singledose azithromycin strategy for trachoma. AuthorsLaming AC, Currie BJ, DiFrancesco M, Taylor HR, Mathews JD. Source http://iris.medoph.unimelb.edu.au/new/pub_00/11_00.html

A targeted, single-dose azithromycin strategy for trachoma Authors: Laming AC, Currie BJ, DiFrancesco M, Taylor HR, Mathews JD Source: Med J Aust 2000 Feb 21;172(4):163-6 Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of treating children with acute trachoma and their contacts with oral azithromycin. DESIGN: Open, uncontrolled, prospective evaluation of a community-based treatment strategy. SETTING: Central Australian semi-desert Aboriginal community (1995-1996). PARTICIPANTS: 216 school- and pre-schoolchildren aged 6 months and up to 15 years. INTERVENTION: All children with acute trachoma and their contacts (co-resident siblings aged between 6 months and 15 years) received single-dose oral azithromycin suspension (20 mg/kg, to a maximum of 1000 mg). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Prevalence of acute trachoma (World Health Organization trachoma diagnostic criteria). RESULTS: Trachoma prevalence at baseline was 42% (71/169) and 55% (18/33) for schoolchildren and pre-schoolchildren, respectively: 103 schoolchildren and 21 pre-schoolchildren, comprising 77 with follicular trachoma and their 47 contacts, were treated with azithromycin over an 8-week period. Acute trachoma prevalence in schoolchildren fell to 22% at 6-8 months (P < 0.0001) and was 31% at 12 months (P

77. Florida State University College Of Medicine Digital Library trachoma Clinical Resources. Miscellaneous trachoma Clinical ResourcesHealth Reviews for Primary Care Providers on the Internet Homepage http://fsumed-dl.slis.ua.edu/clinical/ophthalmology/corneal/trachoma.htm

Clinical Resources by Topic: Ophthalmology Trachoma Clinical Resources Emergency Pediatrics Pathology Clinical Guidelines ... Miscellaneous Resources See also: Eye Evaluation Clinical Resources Chlamydial Infections Clinical Resources General Ophthalmology Clinical Resources Trachoma ... Patient/Family Resources Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine 15th Ed.-2001: Table of contents Medical Library subscription INFO Chapter 28: Disorders of the Eye Table of contents Red or Painful Eye Access document Chapter 179: Chlamydial Infections Table of contents Introduction: Access document Trachoma and Adult Inclusion Conjunctivitis Access document Definition Access document Epidemiology Access document Clinical Manifestations Access document Diagnosis Access document Treatment Access document Prevention Access document Yanoff: Ophthalmology 1st Ed.-1999 (MD Consult): Table of contents Medical Library subscription INFO Section 5 - Cornea and External Disease: Access document Chapter 1 - Disorders of the Conjunctiva and Limbus: Access document Mandell: Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases 5th Ed.-2000 (MD Consult): Table of contents Medical Library subscription INFO Chapter 167 - Introduction to Chlamydial Diseases: Access document Chapter 168 - Chlamydia trachomatis (Trachoma

78. Trachoma Articles, Support Groups, And Resources trachoma articles, support groups, and resources for patients from Med HelpInternational (www.medhelp.org). trachoma. Medical Glossary trachoma. http://www.medhelp.org/HealthTopics/Trachoma.html

[Health Topics A-Z] A B C D ... Z Trachoma Medical Glossary: TRACHOMA [Med Help Home] [Library Search] [Medical Forums] ... [Patient Network] Revised: 3/30/2003

79. Deployments - Gulf War - Common Endemic Diseases - Trachoma Common Endemic Diseases trachoma. Clinical Features trachoma usually producesfew symptoms until its final stages, when trichiasis develops. http://www.pdhealth.mil/deployments/gulfwar/trachoma.asp

Advanced Search Gulf War Deployments Common Endemic Diseases Trachoma Etiologic agents Chlamydia trachomatis Clinical Features Trachoma usually produces few symptoms until its final stages, when trichiasis develops. Active Inflammation Stage: Follicles are large pale yellow or white spots that may be slightly elevated. Those on the limbus are often a dirty gray and may be semitranslucent. There is also marked thickening of the conjunctiva Transmission The infection is usually acquired early in childhood. Most transmission occurs within the family, as a result of close contact between young children and their mothers or other caregivers. Transmission can also occur through fomites on bedding or from the nasopharnx by coughing and sneezing. Flies can also transmit infected ocular or nasal secretions. Diagnosis TA simplified grading scheme developed by WHO is widely used public health purposes. Laboratory tests may be conducted to detect chlamydial antigens and chlamydial DNA (PCR - where available). Prevention Improved environmental conditions and personal hygiene habits.

80. 1998 Congress Abstracts trachoma Papers Table of Contents Khazraji YC, Negrel AD. Effect of Mass Treatmentwith Azithromycin on trachoma and C. trachomatis Infection in Tanzania. http://www.interchange.ubc.ca/bceio/isgeo/trachoma.html

I NTERNATIONAL S OCIETY OF G EOGRAPHICAL AND E PIDEMIOLOGICAL O PHTHALMOLOGY Home About Us Newsletter Council ... Cataract Trachoma Glaucoma Population Infectious Memorial Trachoma Papers Table of Contents Morocco Field Trial - Azithromycin Community Trial. Khazraji YC , Negrel AD. Effect of Mass Treatment with Azithromycin on Trachoma and C. Trachomatis Infection in Tanzania. Katenga S , West SK, Mkocha H, Munoz B, Schachter J, Dawson C, Mabey D and ACT Trial Study Group. Community Based Treatment of Trachoma with Oral Azithromycin: A One Year Follow-up Study in the Gambia D. Mabey , R. Bailey, H. Faal, S. Vitale, J. Schachter, and the ACT group. Trachoma Treatment in Egypt: Azithromycin Versus Oxtetracycline for Active Trachoma. Dawson C. , Sheta A, Sallam S, Osman A, Shama A, Bassem A, West S, Schachter J. Trachoma Control Using SAFE In West Gonja District, Northern Region. Akudibillah J , McCurry J. Trachoma in the Gambia. Faal H , Dolin PJ, Johnson GJ Ajewole, J Mohamed AA. Prospective Study of Children with Constant, Severe Trachoma, and Risk of Adverse Sequelae. Sheila K. West , Beatriz Munoz, Linda Bobo, Harran Mkocha, Matt Lynch and KTP Team. Seven-year Incidence of Trichiasis in a Cohort of Women with and without Scarring.

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