1. Learn About Valvular Heart Disease From Plainsense From Plainsense a look at what stenosis and regurgitation means. Symptoms, causes and treatment are covered.Category Health Conditions and Diseases Heart Disease Valvular......Understanding valvular heart disease. Common symptoms of valvular heart diseasemay include, Weakness on exertion,. rapid heartbeat,. chest discomfort,. http://www.plainsense.com/Health/Heart/valve.htm

Search the Web. Type it and go! Related Topics: Abnormal Heartbeat Angina Angiogram Angioplasty ... Treating High BP Valvular Heart Disease Valve Problems Triglycerides Women at Risk Understanding Valvular Heart Disease There are four valves that control the flow of blood through the four chambers of the heart. Disease can affect these valves in two ways. Stenosis is a narrowing of the valve so that blood cannot move through as freely as necessary. Regurgitation is a failure of the one-way valve so that blood flows back through the valve in the wrong direction. The valves most commonly affected by disease are the mitral valve, which controls flow of the blood from the left upper chamber, or atrium, to the left lower chamber, and the aortic valve, which controls blood flow out of the left ventricle to the rest of the body. Common symptoms of valvular heart disease may include Weakness on exertion, rapid heartbeat, chest discomfort, fainting spells, there may be no symptoms at all. Valvular heart disease may be caused by damage to the heart muscle as a result of rheumatic fever or a congenital abnormality. Its danger is that it causes the heart muscle to become overworked and further damaged if untreated. Valvular heart problems can be corrected surgically, by direct repair of the valve, replacement of the damaged valve with an artificial valve, or by a nonsurgical technique called balloon valvuloplasty.

2. HeartPoint: Valvular Heart Disease A lot to be found here, including regurgitation, causes of valvular disease, therapy and surgeries Category Health Conditions and Diseases Heart Disease Valvular......valvular heart disease HeartPoint animation this will take approximately1 minute to load. It is easily understood that the muscle http://www.heartpoint.com/valvularheartdx.html

Valvular Heart Disease HeartPoint animation: this will take approximately 1 minute to load. It is easily understood that the muscle that we call the heart must continue to pump with adequate force to pump the blood that the body needs. "Valves" however are extremely important to the heart's efficiency. These delicate structures allow for the efficient flow of blood progressively forward through the heart's chambers, maximizing the efficiency of the heart muscle's work. To review the flow of blood through the heart, you can check out "The Heart" animation. link In the animation above, the Tricuspid Valve (between the right atrium and right ventricle) and the Pulmonic Valve (between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery) are illustrated to be working normally. After the right ventricle contracts, pressure is low in the chamber. The Tricuspid Valve, which had been closed from the pressure generated from the ventricle's contraction, now opens as the pressure of the blood from the right atrium has built up while the Tricuspid Valve was closed. The right ventricle will again contract, closing the Tricuspid Valve again, and pushing open the Pulmonic Valve. Once the right ventricle completes its contraction, the pressure in the pulmonary artery will be higher than in the right ventricle, and the Valve will close. The valves on the left side of the heart, the Aortic Valve and the Mitral Valve however, are not working properly. Blood returns from the lungs and empties into the left atrium. In this illustration, the Mitral Valve opens properly when the left ventricle is finished contracting, and allows blood to flow into the left ventricle easily. When the left ventricle contracts however, blood is shown to flow back into the left atrium through the Mitral Valve. This backward flow of blood is called

3. Valvular_Heart_Disease_Overview - HeartCenterOnline For Patients: Heart Health E valvular heart disease Identifying and managing mitral and aortic lesions Kevin M. Harris, MD; Paul Robiolio, MD VOL 106 / NO 7 / DECEMBER 1999 / POSTGRADUATE MEDICINE CME learning objectives To identify and assess mitral regurgitation, aortic http://www.heartcenteronline.com/myheartdr/common/articles.cfm?ARTID=187

4. Circulation -- Bonow Et Al. 98 (18): 1949 A report of the American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Category Health Conditions and Diseases Heart Disease Valvular...... http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/98/18/1949

Reprint (PDF) Version of this Article Email this article to a friend Similar articles found in: Circulation Online PubMed PubMed Citation This Article has been cited by: other online articles Search Medline for articles by: Bonow, R. O. Smith, S. C., Jr Alert me when: new articles cite this article Download to Citation Manager Circulation. ACC/AHA Practice Guidelines Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease Executive SummaryA Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease) Committee Members Robert O. Bonow, MD, FACC, Chair Blase Carabello, MD, FACC Antonio C. de Leon, Jr, MD, FACC L. Henry Edmunds, Jr, MD, FACC Bradley J. Fedderly, MD, FAAFP Michael D. Freed, MD, FACC William H. Gaasch, MD, FACC Charles R. McKay, MD, FACC Rick A. Nishimura, MD, FACC Patrick T. O'Gara, MD, FACC Robert A. O'Rourke, MD, FACC Shahbudin H. Rahimtoola, MD, FACC Task Force Members James L. Ritchie, MD, FACC, Chair

5. Management Of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease Guidelines Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Management of Patients With valvular heart disease) http://www.acc.org/clinical/guidelines/valvular

var showMenu="ExpandMain:clinical;"; // document.modified = "Tuesday March 12, 2002"; document.modified = "03/12/2002"; BONOW ET AL., ACC/AHA TASK FORCE REPORT JACC Vol. 32, No. 5, November 1998:1486-1582 Print the entire guideline (download pdf version) ACC/AHA Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease) COMMITTEE MEMBERS Robert O. Bonow, MD, FACC, Chair , Blase Carabello, MD, FACC, Antonio C. De Leon, Jr., MD, FACC, L. Henry Edmunds, Jr., MD, FACC, Bradley J. Fedderly, MD, FAAFP, Michael D. Freed, MD, FACC, William H. Gaasch, MD, FACC, Charles R. Mckay, MD, FACC, Rick A. Nishimura, MD, FACC, Patrick T. O'Gara, MD, FACC, Robert A. O'Rourke, MD, FACC, Shahbudin H. Rahimtoola, MD, FACC TASK FORCE MEMBERS James L. Ritchie, MD, FACC

6. Valvular Heart Disease Case 4: Mitral Stenosis Study of a 46 year old woman who presents to the emergency room with palpitations and severe dyspnea.Category Health Conditions and Diseases Mitral Valve Disease......valvular heart disease Case 4. by Dr. Clare Hochreiter Dr. Jean Cacciabaudo ValvularHeart Disease Case 4 Questions 1.What is the pathologic process? http://edcenter.med.cornell.edu/Pathophysiology_Cases/96-97_Pathophysiology_Case

Valvular Heart Disease Case 4 A 46 year old woman presents to the emergency room with palpitations and severe dyspnea. The woman recalls at least one, possibly more episodes of acute rheumatic fever during her childhood. She tolerated two pregnancies without difficulty. She was normally active and asymptomatic until age 42 when she noted dyspnea on moderate exertion. Evaluation at that time revealed a diastolic rumble at the LV apex, an EKG with normal sinus rhythm , and signs of left atrial hypertrophy. An echocardiogram revealed normal left ventricular internal dimensions but moderate left atrial enlargement. The mitral valve leaflets were thickened and motion of the valve leaflets was reduced. The mitral valve orifice was reduced to 1.5 cm (normal > 3 cm She was treated with diuretics and digoxin with improvement in her exertional dyspnea. Over the next 4 years her symptoms of exertional dyspnea increased gradually and she noted that she slept more comfortably if she elevated her head on several pillows. She also noted increased leg swelling over the past several months. On the night of admission, she awoke from sleep with palpitations and difficulty breathing. PHYSICAL EXAM: HR 120-130 irregular , BP 110/70

7. Guidelines For The Management Of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease: Executive From the American Heart Association, covers all the valve diseases, infective endocarditis, pregnancy, adolescents and young adults, prosthetic heart valves and coronary artery disease. http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=1692

8. CNN - Valvular Heart Disease Associated With Fenfluramine-phentermine - June 8, CNN.com http://www.cnn.com/HEALTH/9707/08/fenphen.report/

Valvular heart disease associated with fenfluramine-phentermine July 8, 1997 Web posted at: 2:58 p.m. EDT (1858 GMT) Heidi M. Connolly, M.D. Jack L. Crary, M.D. Michael D. McGoon, M.D. Donald D. Hensrud, M.D., M.P.H. Brooks S. Edwards, M.D. William D. Edwards, M.D. Hartzell V. Schaff, M.D. From the Divisions of Cardiovascular Diseases and Internal Medicine (H.M.C., M.D.M., B.S.E.), Preventive and Occupational Medicine, Endocrinology and Internal Medicine (D.D.H.), Anatomic Pathology (W.D.E.), Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (H.V.S.), Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota, and the MeritCare Medical Center, Heart Services, Fargo, North Dakota (J.L.C.). Address reprint requests to Dr. Connolly at Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 NOTE: This is the manuscript of the study that has been submitted to The New England Journal of Medicine. The published version of the report may differ. ABSTRACT Background Fenfluramine and phentermine are anorectic agents individually approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration. The drugs used in combination may yield equivalent efficacy in weight reductions at lower doses of each agent and with fewer reported side effects. In 1996, the total number of prescriptions in the United States for fenfluramine and phentermine exceeded 18 million. Methods Valvular heart disease was identified in 24 women treated with fenfluramine-phentermine who had no previous history of cardiac disease. Patients presented with symptoms or a murmur. A perceived association between the clinical features and the fenfluramine-phentermine therapy evolved by communication among authors.

9. Valvular Heart Disease An extensive look at what valvular heart disease is, as well as the diagnosing and treatment. http://www.kfshrc.edu.sa/cardiovascular/html/valvular_heart_disease.html

KFSHRC Home Cardiovascular Diseases Department What is Valvular Heart Disease? How to Diagnose Valvular Heart Disease? ... How to Treat Valvular Heart Disease? What is Valvular Heart Disease? There are four chambers of the heart, two on the right side and two on the left. The upper chamber on the right side (right atrium) receives blood returned from various parts of the body and then empties to the right lower chamber (right ventricle). There is a valve between the right atrium and the ventricle, called tricuspid valve . This valve allows emptying of blood from the right atrium into the right ventricle and then closes to prevent the return of blood back into the right atrium. The other heart valves to be described later have similar functions i.e. regulating forward blood flow and preventing backward return. The right ventricle pumps the blood into the lungs where it gets oxygen. The blood here goes through another valve called the pulmonary valve .The blood is received by the left upper chamber (atrium) after it has received oxygen in the lungs. Then the left atrium empties the blood into the left lower chamber (ventricle) via a valve called the mitral valve . Finally, the blood is pumped from the left lower chamber (ventricle) to various parts of the body for supplying oxygen. The blood leaves the left ventricle via another valve called the

10. HeartPoint: Valvular Heart Disease: Tell Me More valvular heart disease. How can you tell if I have an abnormal valve? Mostcases of valvular heart disease can be detected with a stethoscope. http://www.heartpoint.com/valvularheartdxmore.html

Valvular Heart Disease What happens with valves that leak (regurgitation)? What happens with valves that don't open well (stenosis)? How can you tell if I have an abnormal valve? What is a heart "murmur"? ... What is "Endocarditis"? What happens with valves that leak (regurgitation)? Valves that leak cause the heart to have to pump the same blood twice . . . that is, a part of the work of the heart simply is for no good purpose, as the blood comes right back into the chamber. The heart has a number of ways it can compensate for this extra work. The first tendency is for the chambers to enlarge, since there is more blood to pump (the blood it usually would need to pump to the rest of the body plus the regurgitated blood). This is usually quite effective if the leakage is mild or moderate, and the person may not even realize there is any problem at all. In more severe cases, the heart muscle may begin to wear down. Congestive heart failure may then result, characterized by shortness of breath, swelling of the ankles, and other symptoms. The enlarged chambers may also lead to problems with arrhythmias. What happens with valves that don't open well (stenosis)?

11. Stanford Interventional Cardiology Stanford Interventional Cardiology is a world leader in percutaneous coronary revascularization. We perform over 1000 interventions per year and offer the latest breakthroughs in the treatment of coronary artery disease and valvular heart disease. http://cvmed.stanford.edu/interventional/home.htm

Home About Us Fellowships Services ... Toolbox Go here for the main Division page. Welcome Stanford Interventional Cardiology is a world leader in percutaneous coronary revascularization. We perform over 1000 interventions per year and offer the latest breakthroughs in the treatment of coronary artery disease and valvular heart disease. Our site will be updated regularly and parts of it are currently under construction. We apologize for any inconvenience this may cause. Feel free to give us feedback on our site and let us know what topics you would like to see. What's New DRUG-ELUTING STENT CONFERENCE at Stanford Saturday, January 18 8 AM - NOON THANKS to everyone for supporting the program. Click here to get the slides which are in Adobe Acrobat format. If you don't have a reader, click here . Go to "Downloads" and "Free Reader". We are offering new services including ASD and PFO closures and alcohol septal ablation for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Call us for details! Clinical Trials Update!

12. Permax Pergolide Lawyers Provides information and legal resources related to Permax and valvular heart disease. California law firm. http://www.pergolaw.com

Pergolaw Index Permax Side Effects Parkinson's Disease Heart Valve Disease ... Mayo Clinic Valvular Heart Disease Report Permax and Heart Valve Disease According to a report by doctors at the Mayo Clinic, Permax (pergolide) may be connected to heart valve disease. Pergolide, which is sold as Permax, has been used since 1989 to treat Parkinson's disease. In three cases at the Mayo Clinic, three older women who were taking Permax daily for three to seven years were diagnosed with serious heart valve diseases. Two of these women had to have valve replacement surgery. Doctors at the Mayo Clinic say their evidence is enough to recommend that anyone with heart problems not take pergolide. More than 500,000 people have taken Permax since it was approved by the FDA. The FDA has now contacted the drug's manufacturer about the latest reports of heart valve disease, and has recommended that the company change the labeling of pergolide.

13. Valvular Heart Disease Heart and Lung Transplant and Surgery USC Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Selected Reading. valvular heart disease. The Aortic Valve http://www.surgery.usc.edu/divisions/ct/studenthandout-valvularheartdisease.html

Home Student Handout Cardiothoracic Surgery Service LAC+USC Medical Center Student Handout Student Handout Links Introduction Coronary Artery Disease Valvular Heart Disease Prosthetic Valves ... Cardiac Neoplasms Valvular Heart Disease The Aortic Valve The usual AV Area (AVA) is 2.5-3.5 Cm2. The aortic valve is a trileaflet structure that sits at the junction of the left ventricular outflow tract and the beginning of the aorta. The coronary ostia may be found one to two centimeters above the annulus to both the right and left. The valve has a common corridor of tissue with the mitral valve and the conduction system is located near the junction of the right and non-coronary leaflets. The usual pathology of the valve is either calcification with functional and structural stenosis or destruction of the leaflets with resultant insufficiency. Aortic Stenosis (AS): The most frequent etiology for aortic valve stenosis is senile calcific stenosis, second is calcification of a congenital (bicuspid) valve , the third most frequent is rheumatic heart disease. The incidence of rheumatic disease has decreased in the last few decades but it is still prevalent. The pathology is that of CONCENTRIC LEFT VENTRICULAR HYPERTOPHY.

14. Heart Valve Disease (Valvular Heart Disease) right side. The two main types are regurgitation (leaking) and stenosis(narrowing). Heart Valve Disease (valvular heart disease). http://www.heartcenteronline.com/Valvular_Heart_Disease_Overview.html

Heart Valve Disease (Valvular Heart Disease) Heart valve disease (valvular heart disease) is the name given to any dysfunction or abnormality of one or more of the heart's four valves, including the mitral and aortic valves on the left side, and the tricuspid and pulmonic valves on the right side. The two main types of valvular disease, regurgitation (leaking) and stenosis (narrowing) of the valves. In a normally functioning heart, the four valves (flaps made of tissue) keep blood flowing in one direction and only at the right time. They act as gates that swing open to allow blood to flow through and then tightly shut until the next cycle begins. There are a number of different types of valvular diseases. Valvular stenosis is a condition in which there is a narrowing, stiffening, thickening, fusion or blockage of one or more cardiac valves. Depending on which area is affected, the patient will be diagnosed with aortic stenosis, mitral stenosis, pulmonic stenosis or tricuspid stenosis. Valvular regurgitation is a condition in which blood leaks back in the wrong direction because one or more of the cardiac valves is closing improperly. Depending on the area affected, the patient will be diagnosed with aortic regurgitation, mitral regurgitation, pulmonary regurgitation or tricuspid regurgitation. Valvular atresia is a serious condition in which one of the valves has failed to develop properly and is completely closed at birth. Depending on which area is affected, the patient will be diagnosed with aortic atresia, mitral atresia

15. Etiology Of Valvular Heart Disease Alan G Rose, MD, FRCPath wrote this article, long but loaded with information on all types of valve disease issues. http://www.allina.com/Allina_Journal/Fall1996/rose.html

16. Valvular Heart Disease valvular heart disease. 5/22/00 http://pathophysiology.uams.edu/fall/lectures/lect28f00

Valvular Heart Disease Click here to start Table of Contents Valvular Heart Disease Valvular Heart Disease Valvular Heart Disease Rheumatic Fever ... FINIS Author: Robin Jones Email: roulstoncheryld@exchange.uams.edu Home Page: http://pathophysiology.uams.edu

17. Medem: Medical Library: Valvular Heart Disease valvular heart disease. Overview. There are four valves that control the flow of blood through the four chambers of the http://www.medem.com/MedLB/article_detaillb.cfm?article_ID=ZZZLNKW728C&sub_cat=2

18. Management Of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease Guidelines REPORT JACC Vol. 32, No. 5, November 199814861588. ACC/AHA Guidelinesfor the Management of Patients With valvular heart disease. http://www.acc.org/clinical/guidelines/valvular/dirIndex.htm

var showMenu="ExpandMain:clinical;"; // document.modified = "Tuesday March 12, 2002"; document.modified = "03/12/2002"; Table of Contents Print a PDF References BONOW ET AL., ACC/AHA TASK FORCE REPORT JACC Vol. 32, No. 5, November 1998:1486-1588 ACC/AHA Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease) COMMITTEE MEMBERS Robert O. Bonow, MD, FACC, Chair , Blase Carabello, MD, FACC, Antonio C. De Leon, Jr., MD, FACC, L. Henry Edmunds, Jr., MD, FACC, Bradley J. Fedderly, MD, FAAFP, Michael D. Freed, MD, FACC, William H. Gaasch, MD, FACC, Charles R. Mckay, MD, FACC, Rick A. Nishimura, MD, FACC, Patrick T. O'Gara, MD, FACC, Robert A. O'Rourke, MD, FACC, Shahbudin H. Rahimtoola, MD, FACC TASK FORCE MEMBERS James L. Ritchie, MD, FACC

19. Vavlular Heart Disease Vavlular heart disease Guide picks. A list of sites providing information on valvularheart disease. valvular heart disease A concise review by Intellihealth.com. http://heartdisease.about.com/cs/valvulardisease/

zfp=-1 About Heart Disease/Cardiology Search in this topic on About on the Web in Products Web Hosting Heart Disease/Cardiology with Richard N. Fogoros Your Guide to one of hundreds of sites Home Articles Forums ... Help zmhp('style="color:#fff"') Subjects ESSENTIALS Cardiology 101 - the basics Common Heart Tests Symptom Checker ... All articles on this topic Stay up-to-date! Subscribe to our newsletter. Advertising Free Credit Report Free Psychics Advertisement Vavlular heart disease Guide picks A list of sites providing information on valvular heart disease The McGill University virtual stethoscope A very well-done site, that combines a virtual on-line stethoscope with impressive visuals. A review of valvular heart lesions A brief but well-written overview of the major valvular diseases Heart valve disease Everything you might want to know, from the Yale Medical School Heart Book, a book aimed at a general audience. Very comprehensive. An excellent resource. Requires Adobe Acrobat Valvular heart disease A concise review by Intellihealth.com The Merck Manual on valvular heart disease An excellent overview of valvular heart disease ValveReplacement.com

20. Valvular Heart Disease valvular heart disease. Pertinent links Links to sites on valvular heartdisease. NEXT Heart Muscle Disease (cardiomyopathy). What do you think? http://heartdisease.about.com/library/bl101valves.htm

zfp=-1 About Heart Disease/Cardiology Search in this topic on About on the Web in Products Web Hosting Heart Disease/Cardiology with Richard N. Fogoros Your Guide to one of hundreds of sites Home Articles Forums ... Help zmhp('style="color:#fff"') Subjects ESSENTIALS Cardiology 101 - the basics Common Heart Tests Symptom Checker ... All articles on this topic Stay up-to-date! Subscribe to our newsletter. Advertising Free Credit Report Free Psychics Advertisement Heart Disease and Cardiology, 101 Survey of Common Heart Problems Valvular heart disease Heart muscle disease (cardiomyopathy) Coronary artery disease Heart rhythm disturbances Valvular heart disease While there are many causes of valvular heart disease (including rheumatic fever, congenital heart disease, cardiac dilation, and age-related calcification of the valves), heart valve problems are generally manifested in one of two ways. Either the valve openings become too narrow and blood has a difficult time crossing the valves (i.e., stenosis), or the valves become incompetent, allowing blood to leak across the valves when they are supposed to be closed (i.e., regurgitation). Valvular stenosis causes “damming up” of the blood behind the valve.

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