41. Valvular Heart Disease valvular heart disease. Aetiology. NYHA IV, Symptoms at rest. Investigation. Investigationof valvular heart disease will require Electrocardiogram; Chest xray; http://www.surgical-tutor.org.uk/core/ITU/valve.htm

Up Cardiovascular monitoring Resusitation Haemorrhage and shock ... Cardiopulmonary bypass [ Valvular heart disease ] Sepsis Surgical nutrition Respiratory support Pneumonia ... Physiological scoring systems Valvular heart disease Aetiology Principal causes vary between Western and developing countries Common causes are: Congenital valvular abnormalities (e.g. bicuspid aortic valve) Infective endocarditis Rheumatic fever Degenerative valve disease Ischaemic heart disease Pathology Rheumatic fever results from immune-mediated inflammation of heart valve Results from cross reaction between Group A haemolytic strep and cardiac proteins Valve disease results in either stenosis or incompetence Stenosis causes pressure load on proximal chamber Incompetence causes volume load proximal chamber Thrombus may form in dilated left atrium resulting in peripheral embolisation Clinical features Aortic stenosis Angina pectoris Syncopal episodes Left ventricular failure Slow upstroke to arterial pulse Ejection systolic murmur in 2 nd right intercostal space Aortic regurgitation Congestive cardiac failure Increased pulse pressure Water-hammer pulse Early diastolic murmur at left sternal edge Mitral stenosis Pulmonary hypertension Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea Atrial fibrillation Loud first heart sound Mid diastolic murmur at apex Mitral regurgitation Pulmonary oedema Apex beat displace laterally Apical pansystolic murmur Tricuspid stenosis Fatigue and peripheral oedema Hepatomegaly and ascites Increased JVP with prominent a waves Diastolic murmur at left sternal edge

42. JAMA Women's Health Information Center - Valvular Heart Disease New England Journal of Medicine Vol. 337, pp. 581588, August 28, 1997valvular heart disease Associated with Fenfluramine-Phentermine http://www.ama-assn.org/special/womh/library/scan/vol_3/no_20/nejm1021.htm

43. Valvular Heart Disease:Health Topics:UI Health Care valvular heart disease. valvular heart disease can affect any of the4 valves of the heart. Only 4 valves service the heart. Their http://www.uihealthcare.com/topics/cardiovascularhealth/card3488.html

Health Topics Category Index Health Topics for Cardiovascular Health UI Heart Care Cardiovascular Diseases - UI Health Care's digital library Send comments and questions to staff@uihealthcare.com University of Iowa Valvular Heart Disease Valvular heart disease can affect any of the 4 valves of the heart. Only 4 valves service the heart. Their job is to allow the blood to flow through the heart in only one direction. To work properly, each valve must open and close completely at the right time. The heart valves can develop problems or disease for many reasons. Sometimes the valves are not normal at birth. Rheumatic fever can cause valve disease. Bacteria can infect the heart valves. Injured valves make a sound as the blood passes through them. The sound is called a murmur and is best heard through a stethoscope. Not all murmurs mean that there is a valve problem. A stenotic valve is stiff and cannot open well because it has narrowed. This makes it harder for blood to pass through it. It also may allow blood to leak backward through it. Treatment depends on how well the valve functions. A valve that does not close completely, so that blood goes backwards, is referred to as "insufficient" or "incompetent." This makes the heart work harder by causing it to pump some of the same blood twice. When this happens, the heart, and one or more of its four chambers, get bigger. Not all valve problems cause problems for the patient. Many people live a normal life with a small amount of valve disease.

44. Learning Ctr : Terminology In Valvular Heart Disease Site Map. Sponsors. More Sponsors. Site News. Sign up for our newsletterTerminology in valvular heart disease. Allograft Human tissue http://www.hsforum.com/stories/storyReader$1498

Official Publication of the International Society for Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery HSF Topics... Aortic Aneurysms Beating Hrt Surg Flowtometry CABG Cardiac Ablation Congenital Surg Editorials General Card Surg Heart Failure Homo-/Autografts Interven Cardiology On-Pump Bypass Outcomes Robotic Surg Sealants/Hemostats Thoracic Surg Valve Repair Vein Harvesting Ventricular Assist Learning Center Home Journal Select Issue... Vol 6 / Issue 1 Vol 5 / Issue 4 Vol 5 / Issue 3 Vol 5 / Supp 4 Vol 5 / Supp 3 Vol 5 / Supp 2 Vol 5 / Issue 2 Vol 5 / Supp 1 Vol 5 / Issue 1 Vol 4 / Issue 4 Vol 4 / Issue 3 Vol 4 / Issue 2 Vol 4 / Issue 1 Vol 4 / Supp 1 Vol 3 / Issue 4 Vol 3 / Issue 3 Vol 3 / Issue 2 Vol 3 / Issue 1 Vol 2 / Issue 4 Vol 2 / Issue 3 Vol 2 / Issue 2 Vol 2 / Issue 1 Vol 1 / Issue 2 Vol 1 / Issue 1 Subscribe Search Discussion Forums Read Discussions Join Multimedia Meeting Highlights Lecture Presentations Surgical Video Library Private Lecture Series Resources Heart News Medline Learning Center New Tech Center ... Site Map Sponsors More Sponsors Site News Sign up for our newsletter: Terminology in Valvular Heart Disease Allograft Human tissue ...usally cadaver tissue procured shortly after death and preserved with one of several freezing techniques. Since the donor is a different individual than the recipient, rejection can occur. Same meaning as the term "Homograft"

45. Valvular Heart Disease valvular heart disease. Definition. Valvular Patients with valvular heartdisease have a malfunction of one or more of these valves. There http://www.healthatoz.com/healthatoz/Atoz/ency/valvular_heart_disease.html

Encyclopedia Index V Home Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Index V Valvular heart disease Definition Valvular heart disease refers to several disorders and diseases of the heart valves, which are the tissue flaps that regulate the flow of blood through the four chambers of the heart. Description The human heart consists of four chamberstwo upper chambers (the atria) and two lower chambers (the ventricles) that are responsible for pumping blood. The heart valves are like one-way doors, which open and close with each beat of the heart, controlling the blood flow from one chamber to the next. Each of these valves is made up of a few thin folds of tissue. When functioning correctly, they keep blood from flowing backwards into a chamber when closed. The four valves function in the following manner: The mitral valve is located between the left atrium and the left ventricle. It is the only valve with two flaps, or cusps. The tricuspid valve is located on the right side of the heart, between the right atrium and right ventricle. It is made up of three cusps, each a different size. The aortic valve is located on the left side of the heart and opens to allow blood to leave the heart from the left ventricle into the aorta, which is the main artery of the body. It closes to prevent blood from flowing back into the left ventricle.

46. Valvular Heart Disease and updated edition of this highly acclaimed volume is the most complete, current,and authoritative clinical reference on all forms of valvular heart disease. http://www.lww.com/eproduct/0,0,535747005,00.html

Home Shopping Cart My Account Contact LWW ... Login . Not a member? Register Product Search Keyword Author ISBN/ISSN Title Advanced Help Please submit your email for LWW.com Updates and LWW.com Insider Valvular Heart Disease , Hardbound Associated Specialties: Cardiology Internal Medicine Author(s): Joseph S. Alpert MD James E. Dalen MD, MPH Shahbudin H. Rahimtoola MD, FRCP, MACP, MACC Availability: In Stock The thoroughly revised and updated edition of this highly acclaimed volume is the most complete, current, and authoritative clinical reference on all forms of valvular heart disease. This edition features contributions by 29 noted experts from leading medical centers throughout the United States. All chapters have been extensively revised or completely rewritten to reflect the latest diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. In keeping with today's health care practices, the book provides detailed information on noninvasive techniques. Well-organized chapters outline the pathophysiology, pathology, signs, symptoms, laboratory diagnosis, and treatment of each form of valvular heart disease. This edition also includes a new chapter on rheumatic fever. Additional chapters focus on endocarditis, prosthetic heart valves, management of antithrombotic therapy in patients with prosthetic heart valves, and anticoagulation for patients with atrial fibrillation. Nearly 200 illustrations, graphs, and charts complement the text. May we also recommend: Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine , Book Cardiac Pacing for the Clinician , Book

47. Congenital And Valvular Heart Disease And How They Effect Divers. below). Congenital and valvular heart disease and diving. CONDITION,DIVING PROBLEM. Aortic stenosis, exercise syncope sudden death. http://www.scuba-doc.com/cngvlvhd.htm

DiveMed Email Logon FAQ Message Board Websearch ... View Guestbook Sign REGISTER NEWSLETTER Message Board ... Board Exam Prep Major Topics AGE AIDS GAS EMBOLISM DCS ACCIDENTS ... Travel Medicine DIVING MEDICINE ONLINE Comprehensive updated online information about diving and undersea medicine for the non-medical diver, the non-diving medical professional and an excellent reference source for the diving medical specialist. Valvular and Congenital Heart Disease Patients that have valvular or some form of congenital heart disease have an excess strain situation that is particularly susceptible to the effects of increased exercise and blood shifting intoo the heart and lungs due to water immersion. The presence of an abnormality per se is not a contraindication to diving. In the case of intracardiac shunts due to holes in the walls, and in the presence of significant valve narrowing or widening inside the heart, diving is contraindicated. Pathophysiological Principles In considering the pathophysiology of congenital and valvular heart disease one should be aware of the effect of the lesions on the heart muscle. Overload lesions of the heart can be classed as either pressure or volume overload types.

48. BHF Heart Health - Heart Conditions: What Is Valvular Heart Disease? What is valvular heart disease? Information for affected. Associated Links.Download or order the BHF booklet valvular heart disease. © The http://www.bhf.org.uk/hearthealth/index.asp?secondlevel=77&thirdlevel=478

49. BHF Publications - Heart Information Series (HIS): HIS11 Valvular Heart Disease HIS11 valvular heart disease Heart Information Series (HIS). Informationfor people who have a problem with one or more of their http://www.bhf.org.uk/link.asp?urlID=795

50. New Page 1 valvular heart disease. Cardiology Links. Aortic Valve Disease (Merck Manual). BalloonValvuloplasty. Etiology of valvular heart disease. Heart Regulation Lecture. http://cardio-info.com/lnkvalv.htm

Valvular Heart Disease Cardiology Links Cardiology in General - general cardiology information links Cardiology-Related Books Cardiology Commercial Sites Cardiology Educational/Informational Cardiology Journals ... Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease Cardiac Anatomy and Diseases General Information Valvular Disease Peripheral Vascular Disease Cardiomyopathies ... Heart Failure Cardiac Cath Links Cardiac Catheterization Procedures Cardiac Cath Images Cardiac Cath Resources Cardiac Cath-Related Books ... Cardiac Cath Organizations Noninvasive Cardiology Echocardiography and Sonography - echo, sono, and equipment manufacturers Vascular Links General Medical Links Anatomy Educational Medical Sites Hospitals/Health Care Centers Humanitarian Medical Sites ... Medical Links - Libraries, Databases, Searches, Pages with good links

51. Valvular Heart Disease MAIN SEARCH INDEX valvular heart disease. Patients with valvular heartdisease have a malfunction of one or more of these valves. http://www.hendrickhealth.org/healthy/001438.htm

MAIN SEARCH INDEX Valvular heart disease Definition Description Causes and symptoms Diagnosis ... Resources Anatomy of the human heart. The illustration at the bottom right shows how the right and left ventricles contract and relax when blood is pumped through the heart. Definition Valvular heart disease refers to several disorders and diseases of the heart valves, which are the tissue flaps that regulate the flow of blood through the four chambers of the heart. Description The human heart consists of four chamberstwo upper chambers (the atria) and two lower chambers (the ventricles) that are responsible for pumping blood. The heart valves are like one-way doors, which open and close with each beat of the heart, controlling the blood flow from one chamber to the next. Each of these valves is made up of a few thin folds of tissue. When functioning correctly, they keep blood from flowing backwards into a chamber when closed. The four valves function in the following manner: The mitral valve is located between the left atrium and the left ventricle. It is the only valve with two flaps, or cusps. The tricuspid valve is located on the right side of the heart, between the right atrium and right ventricle. It is made up of three cusps, each a different size.

52. Common Heart Problems - Valvular Heart Disease valvular heart disease is part of a complete Heart Care Information Indexprovided as a community service by Advocate Health Care, Chicago. http://www.advocatehealth.com/system/info/library/articles/heartcare/common/valv

About Us Health Info Programs and Services Jobs and Education ... Common Heart Problems Health Information Heart Care How Your Heart Works Reducing Your Risk Factors Common Heart Problems Non-Invasive Diagnostics ... Glossary Valvular Heart Disease There are four valves in your heart which act like one-way doors. The heart valves open and close with each beat of your heart and control the direction of blood flow. If, however, one of your valves becomes diseased or damaged by birth defects, rheumatic fever, infection, or the aging process, there may be disruption of the blood flow through the heart. When this happens, the heart is forced to work harder, to try to get the oxygen-rich blood to the rest of your body, and you may experience chest pains, shortness of breath, dizziness, become easily fatigued, or experience other symptoms. Generally, the aortic and mitral valves are most often affected. http://www.advocatehealth.com 1.800.3.ADVOCATE / TTY 630.990.4700 About Us Health Info Programs and Services Jobs and Education ... Advocate Locations Use of our site constitutes acceptance of our . Advocate Health Care respects your privacy. We invite you to view our

53. Common Heart Problems - Valvular Heart Disease And Endocarditis valvular heart disease and Endocarditis is part of a complete Heart Care InformationIndex provided as a community service by Advocate Health Care, Chicago. http://www.advocatehealth.com/system/info/library/articles/heartcare/common/valv

About Us Health Info Programs and Services Jobs and Education ... Common Heart Problems Health Information Heart Care How Your Heart Works Reducing Your Risk Factors Common Heart Problems Non-Invasive Diagnostics ... Glossary Valvular Heart Disease and Endocarditis Because of your valvular heart condition you are at an increased risk for a heart valve infection called bacterial endocarditis. Bacterial endocarditis can occur whenever bacteria enters your bloodstream and attaches to your abnormal valve. The more abnormal your valve, the greater the risk of endocarditis. Bacteria can enter the bloodstream during surgical procedures or dental work. Even minor surgery or teeth cleaning can allow bacterial invasion of the blood. In normal health, your body's defenses combat bacteria, but in the presence of valvular heart disease, the bacteria can hide and grow on your heart valve. Procedures such as endoscopies can also increase the risk of bacterial endocarditis. Endocarditis can be prevented by the administration of antibiotics immediately before and after the procedure. Usually, oral medication is sufficient, but in some situations intravenous antibiotics are required. It is important that you notify the physician or dentist who will be performing the procedure to inform them of your valvular heart condition. In many instances, they will prescribe your antibiotic. If any uncertainty exists, please contact your cardiologist for further assistance. These precautions can help you reduce the risk of a serious, life-threatening infection. If you have further questions, please contact your physician.

54. WSAVA 2001 - Chronic Valvular Heart Disease In Dogs Chronic valvular heart disease in Dogs. John Bonagura United States.Valvular endocardiosis is a degenerative change of unknown cause http://www.vin.com/VINDBPub/SearchPB/Proceedings/PR05000/PR00033.htm

Chronic Valvular Heart Disease in Dogs John Bonagura United States Clinical Pathophysiology Clinical Findings F ), widening of the QRS complex, or ST segment slurring or coving. Heart rate and rhythm are usually normal until significant cardiomegaly develops. Arrhythmias are common as the disease advances. Sinus tachycardia, atrial premature beats, paroxysmal or sustained atrial or supraventricular tachycardia, AF, and ventricular premature complexes are encountered in individual cases. The clinical laboratory tests in endocardiosis are often reflections of hemodynamic changes or concurrent organ diseases. Extracardiac disorders such as Cushing's disease, renal failure, and the effects of drug therapy (e.g., diuretics, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) can modify serum biochemistries. Significant pulmonary edema can lead to arterial hypoxemia (decreased PaO Therapy Alternative Medicine Anesthesia Animal Welfare Behaviour Cardiology Evaluation of Cough in Dogs with Heart Murmurs Clinical Approach to Congestive Heart Failure Chronic Valvular Heart Disease in Dogs Canine Cardiomyopathy ... WSAVA Contact Information WSAVA

55. Valvular Heart Disease - Waltham OSU Symposium 2002 Chronic valvular heart disease in Dogs John E. Rush, DVM, MS, DiplomateACVIM (Cardiology), Diplomate ACVECC Tufts University. Chronic http://www.vin.com/proceedings/Proceedings.plx?CID=WALTHAMOSU2002&PID=2988

56. Valvular Heart Disease | Principal Health News valvular heart disease. Norris, Teresa G. Patients with valvular heartdisease have a malfunction of one or more of these valves. http://www.principalhealthnews.com/topic/topic100587640

About This Site Registration FAQ Contact Us ... Site Awards You are here: Home Health A to Z Valvular Heart Disease Valvular Heart Disease Norris, Teresa G. Below: Definition Description Causes and symptoms Diagnosis ... Resources Anatomy of the human heart. The illustration at the bottom right shows how the right and left ventricles contract and relax when blood is pumped through the heart. Definition Valvular heart disease refers to several disorders and diseases of the heart valves, which are the tissue flaps that regulate the flow of blood through the four chambers of the heart. Description The human heart consists of four chamberstwo upper chambers (the atria) and two lower chambers (the ventricles) that are responsible for pumping blood. The heart valves are like one-way doors, which open and close with each beat of the heart, controlling the blood flow from one chamber to the next. Each of these valves is made up of a few thin folds of tissue. When functioning correctly, they keep blood from flowing backwards into a chamber when closed. The four valves function in the following manner: The mitral valve is located between the left atrium and the left ventricle. It is the only valve with two flaps, or cusps.

57. Valvular Heart Disease left side of the heart, are affected. When regurgitation or stenosis are mild, patientsare treated with medications. Typically, valvular disease will progress http://www.uphs.upenn.edu/surgery/clin/ct/valvular.html

Within the heart are four valves that regulate the direction of blood flow through the heart, the tricuspid, pulmonic, mitral, and aortic valves. These valves can become leaky and improperly allow blood to flow backwards through the heart, a condition called regurgitation or insufficiency. Valves can also become narrowed and make it difficult for the heart to pump blood through to the body, a condition called stenosis. Most commonly, the aortic and mitral valves, which are on the more important left side of the heart, are affected. When regurgitation or stenosis are mild, patients are treated with medications. Typically, valvular disease will progress in severity over time and will require surgical replacement or repair. Whenever possible surgeons will attempt to repair a patient’s valve prior to replacement, particularly with the mitral valve. There are many valve replacement options utilizing biological or mechanical materials. Valve operations have become safer and replacement valves have become more durable.

58. Aortic Valvular Heart Disease Aortic valvular heart disease. What is it? Problems with heart valves are usuallycaused in two ways, congenital (you are born with them) or acquired. http://www.hmc.psu.edu/healthinfo/a/aorticvalve.htm

59. PetPlace.com - Article: Chronic Valvular Heart Disease Chronic valvular heart disease, by Dr. John Bonagura. valvular heart disease isvery common and represents the most important of adult canine heart diseases. http://petplace.netscape.com/articles/artShow.asp?artID=119

60. Valvular Heart Disease | Ahealthyme.com You are here Home Health A to Z valvular heart disease. ValvularHeart Disease. valvular heart disease Norris, Teresa G. http://www.ahealthyme.com/topic/topic100587640

Search AHealthyMe! Personalize AHealthyMe! Sign up for our Newsletter! You are here: Home Health A to Z Valvular Heart Disease Norris, Teresa G. Below: Definition Description Causes and symptoms Diagnosis ... Resources Anatomy of the human heart. The illustration at the bottom right shows how the right and left ventricles contract and relax when blood is pumped through the heart. Definition Valvular heart disease refers to several disorders and diseases of the heart valves, which are the tissue flaps that regulate the flow of blood through the four chambers of the heart. Description The human heart consists of four chamberstwo upper chambers (the atria) and two lower chambers (the ventricles) that are responsible for pumping blood. The heart valves are like one-way doors, which open and close with each beat of the heart, controlling the blood flow from one chamber to the next. Each of these valves is made up of a few thin folds of tissue. When functioning correctly, they keep blood from flowing backwards into a chamber when closed. The four valves function in the following manner: The mitral valve is located between the left atrium and the left ventricle. It is the only valve with two flaps, or cusps.

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