1. NINDS Multi-Infarct Dementia Information Page Good overview of dementia from strokes or other vascular causes. Maintained by the National Institute of Health http://www.ninds.nih.gov/health_and_medical/disorders/multi-infarctdementia_doc.

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Accessible version Science for the Brain The nation's leading supporter of biomedical research on disorders of the brain and nervous system Browse all disorders Browse all health organizations More about Multi-Infarct Dementia Studies with patients Research literature Press releases Search NINDS... (help) Contact us My privacy NINDS is part of the National Institutes of Health NINDS Multi-Infarct Dementia Information Page Synonym(s): Dementia - Multi-Infarct Reviewed 04-30-2001 Get Web page suited for printing Email this to a friend or colleague Table of Contents (click to jump to sections) What is Multi-Infarct Dementia? Is there any treatment? What is the prognosis? What research is being done? ... Organizations What is Multi-Infarct Dementia? Is there any treatment? Currently there is no treatment for MID that can reverse the damage that has already occurred. Treatment focuses on prevention of additional brain damage by controlling high blood pressure. What is the prognosis?

2. Without A Title - F01 Vascular Dementia F01 vascular dementia Clinical description and diagnostic guidelines http://www.informatik.fh-luebeck.de/icd/icdchVF-F01.html

Categories Chapter Index A-Z All pages ... Forum F01 Vascular dementia Clinical description and diagnostic guidelines Diagnostic criteria for research Clinical description and diagnostic guidelines Vascular (formerly arteriosclerotic) dementia , which includes multiinfarct dementia , is distinguished from dementia in Alzheimer's disease Diagnostic guidelines The diagnosis presupposes the presence of a dementia as described above. Impairment of cognitive function is commonly uneven, so that there may be memory loss, intellectual impairment, and focal neurological signs. Insight and judgement may be relatively well preserved. An abrupt onset or a stepwise deterioration, as well as the presence of focal neurological signs and symptoms, increases the probability of the diagnosis; in some cases, confirmation can beprovided only by computerized axial tomography or, ultimately, neuropathological examination. Associated features are: hypertension, carotid bruit, emotional lability with transient depressive mood, weeping or explosive laughter, and transient episodes of clouded consciousness or delirium , often provoked by further infarction. Personality is believed to be relatively well preserved, but

3. Vascular Dementia Alzheimer's Outreach An article about vascular dementia. Includes a definition, the types, diagnosis, progression, prevention and treatment. http://www.zarcrom.com/users/alzheimers/odem/d4.html

Vascular Dementia Vascular dementia is the second most common cause of dementia, accounting for about 20 per cent of all cases by itself and up to another 20 per cent in combination with Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s disease alone accounts for about 50 per cent. It usually affects people between the ages of 60 and 75 and is slightly more common in men than women. Vascular dementia is a term for dementia associated with problems in the circulation of blood to the brain (cerebrovascular disease). It encompasses a wide range of diseases or disorders, the principal feature of which is loss of intellectual abilities. Unlike with most forms of Alzheimer’s disease, the cause of vascular dementia is known. If blood vessels in the brain burst (cerebral haemorrhage), if arteries blocked by plaque formation or clots (thrombosis or embolism), or if there is insufficient blood flow to parts of the brain (ischaemia) brain tissue will die. This is often called a stroke. It is thought that about a fifth of people who have strokes will develop problems involving their mental abilities including dementia. The risk factors for vascular dementia are those associated with all forms of stroke, the most significant of which is high blood pressure (hypertension). Brain tissue may also die due to disease in the blood vessels. Following is an overview of types of vascular dementia, causes, diagnosis and progression. However, it is important to note that unlike with most Alzheimer’s cases, vascular dementia can be very difficult to distinguish from other forms of dementia and many researchers still do not agree on the various “types” of vascular dementia.

4. EMedicine - Vascular Dementia : Article By Kannayiram Alagiakrishnan, MD They include (1) multiinfarct dementia, (2) vascular dementia due to a strategic single infarct, (3) vascular dementia http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic3150.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties CME PDA ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Medicine, Ob/Gyn, Psychiatry, and Surgery Psychiatry Vascular Dementia Last Updated: November 7, 2002 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: arteriosclerotic dementia, atherosclerotic disease, dementia due to vascular disease, multiinfarct dementia, vascular cognitive impairment, Alzheimer disease, AD AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 10 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: Kannayiram Alagiakrishnan, MD , Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Alberta Coauthor(s): Kamal Masaki, MD , Associate Director of Geriatric Medicine Fellowship, Associate Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Hawaii, John a Burns School of Medicine Kannayiram Alagiakrishnan, MD, is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Physicians American Geriatrics Society , and American Medical Association Editor(s): Mohammed Memon, MD

5. EMJA: Sachdev Et Al, Vascular Dementia: Diagnosis, Management And Possible Preve vascular dementia diagnosis, management and possible prevention There has been a recent upsurge of interest in the clinical features of and risk factors for vascular dementia, and consensus is emerging on its diagnostic characteristics. http://www.mja.com.au/public/issues/jan18/sachdev/sachdev.html

Home Issues Classifieds More... ... Search Review Vascular dementia: diagnosis, management and possible prevention There has been a recent upsurge of interest in the clinical features of and risk factors for vascular dementia, and consensus is emerging on its diagnostic characteristics. We discuss these features and risk factors and the main intervention strategies, both for treatment and prevention. Perminder S Sachdev, Henry Brodaty and Jeffrey C L Looi MJA Introduction Definition Epidemiology Clinical-pathological correlates and pathogenesis ... Articles on similar material Introduction Developments in the past three decades have led to a radical rethinking of the association between cerebrovascular disease (CVD) and dementia, and set the stage for a reconceptualisation of dementia from vascular causes. We will review recent developments in the concept of vascular dementia (VaD), and discuss its importance as a common, and potentially preventable, form of dementia. Definition There are two obvious steps in the diagnosis of VaD diagnosis of dementia per se and establishment of its vascular aetiology. Dementia is defined as a multifaceted decline in cognitive functioning causing impaired functioning in daily life.

6. THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON VASCULAR DEMENTIA-PRAGUE 2003 ACCOMPANYING PERSONS PROGRAM. OPTIONAL CONGRESS TOURS. LINKS. Future Congress FourthInternational Congress on vascular dementia Amsterdam, The Netherlands 2005. http://www.kenes.com/vascular/

HOME GREETINGS COMMITTEE MAIN TOPICS ... LINKS Future Congress: Fourth International Congress on Vascular Dementia Amsterdam, The Netherlands Previous Congress: Second International Congress on Vascular Dementia Salzburg, Austria January 24-27, 2002 ... www.sciencedirect.com Full papers and abstracts of the Second Vascular Dementia Congress where published in a special issue of the Journal of Neurological Sciences. Join the Third Vascular Dementia Congress and get a chance at publishing your paper in this prestigious Journal! Kenes International 17 Rue du Cendrier PO Box 1726 CH-1211 Geneva 1 Switzerland Tel: +41 22 908 0488 Fax: +41 22 732 2850 E-mail: vascular@kenes.com Poster prize winners of the Second International Congress of Vascular Dementia, Salzburg, Austria, 2002

7. SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON VASCULAR DEMENTIA [ Home Page ] The congress will discuss aspects of vascular dementia, identify specificpsychological markers and the overlap with Alzheimer's disease. http://www.kenes.com/vascular2002/

Home Page Committees Acknowledgements List of Topics ... Timetable Last update:11/02/2002 The Second International Congress on Vascular Dementia was forced, due to the tragic events of September 11 2001, to move its location and dates only two weeks before the original opening date of October 4-7, 2001. The new dates and location (Salzburg, Austria, January 2002) proved to be a Hugh success with a turn over of more then 600 participants from 44 countries. Future meetings Third International Congress on Vascular Dementia Prague, Czech Republic 23-26 October, 2003 Forth Internaional Congress on Vascular Dementia Amsterdam, The Netherlands MORE INTERNET RESOURCES: www.healthatoz.com www.healthandage.com www.alzheimers.org.uk www.alzheimer-europe.org

8. Vascular Dementia&&Dementia Care&&Caregiver Burden vascular dementia Canadian Alzheimer's Disease Centre http://www.searchaword.net/Vascular_Dementia/Vascular_Dementia.html

Vascular Dementia : Canadian Alzheimer's Disease Centre Researchers are also investigating whether these drugs may be used in more severe cases of Alzheimer's disease and whether they may be used in other types of dementia such as Lewy body and vascular dementia Vascular Dementia Dementia Care Alzheimer Disease Aricept ... Vascular Dementia

9. Topic 12 Vascular Dementia Contact us My privacy NINDS is part of the National Institutes of Health. VascularDementia Get Web page suited for printing Email this to a friend or colleague. http://www.ninds.nih.gov/funding/neural_environment/stroke_prg/topic12.htm

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Accessible version Science for the Brain The nation's leading supporter of biomedical research on disorders of the brain and nervous system Research funding NINDS funding strategy Funding opportunities ... Contact staff Training funding Research training and career development grants Special training and research funding Minorities and persons with disabilities Frequently asked ... Advisory council Search NINDS... (help) Contact us My privacy NINDS is part of the National Institutes of Health Vascular Dementia Get Web page suited for printing Email this to a friend or colleague Session Chairs Philip V. Gorelick Constantino Iadecola Contact: Barbara Radziszewska Start time 2:30 p.m. End time 5:00 p.m. Participants Helena C. Chui Frank M. Faraci Steven A. Greenberg Kenneth Rockwood Gary A. Rosenberg Lennart Mucke Gustavo C. Roman Ingmar Skoog Reviewed June 28, 2001 Home About NINDS Disorders Funding ... Accessibility

10. Vascular Dementia Overlay Slice 20 HomeHelpClinical, Slice 20. Click on sagittal image to select slice.Click on thin tickmark to change timepoint, or thick tickmark for overlay. http://www.med.harvard.edu/AANLIB/cases/case18/mr1-tc1/020.html

Home Help Clinical Slice 20 Click on sagittal image to select slice. Click on thin tickmark to change timepoint, or thick tickmark for overlay. Keith A. Johnson (keith@bwh.harvard.edu), J. Alex Becker (jabecker@mit.edu)

11. Vascular Dementia vascular dementia. The patient was a 76 year old woman who had a historyof porcine valve replacement for aortic stenosis and stroke http://www.med.harvard.edu/AANLIB/cases/case18/case.html

Vascular Dementia The patient was a 76 year old woman who had a history of porcine valve replacement for aortic stenosis and stroke with left hemiparesis, who became withdrawn and suspicious of her surroundings. She had an abrupt decline in memory function and processing speed at the time of the stroke, but had shown some improvement and was living independently. Images show evidence of an old "slit hemorrhage" in the right basel ganglia (lateral putamen, here ), as well as several other small deep white and grey matter lesions which probably represent infarction. The perfusion pattern is consistent with vascular disease as well, since multiple perfusion defects can be seen throughout the brain. Some details have been altered to protect confidentiality. Keith A. Johnson (keith@bwh.harvard.edu), J. Alex Becker (jabecker@mit.edu)

12. Without A Title - F01.2 Subcortical Vascular Dementia F01.2 Subcortical vascular dementia. Diagnostic criteria for research.A. The general criteria for vascular dementia ( F01) must be met. http://www.informatik.fh-luebeck.de/icd/icdchVF-F01.2.html

Categories Chapter Index A-Z All pages ... Forum F01.2 Subcortical vascular dementia Clinical description and diagnostic guidelines Diagnostic criteria for research Clinical description and diagnostic guidelines There may be a history of hypertension and foci of ischaemic destruction in the deep white matter of the cerebral hemispheres, which canbe suspected on clinical grounds and demonstrated on computerized axial tomography scans. The cerebral cortex is usually preserved and this contrasts with the clinical picture, which may closely resemble that of dementia in Alzheimer's disease . (Where diffuse demyelination of white matter can be demonstrated, the term "Binswanger's encephalopathy" may be used.) Diagnostic criteria for research A. The general criteria for vascular dementia ( ) must be met. B. A history of hypertension. C. Evidence from clinical examination and special investigations of vascular disease located in the deep white matter of the cerebral hemispheres, with preservation of the cerebral cortex. Categories Chapter Index A-Z All pages ... Forum

13. Vascular Dementia Trial vascular dementia Trial. The dementia is usually the result of infarction of the braindue to vascular diseases, including hypertensive cerebrovascular disease. http://www.vasculardementiatrial.com/

Vascular Dementia Trial Vascular (formerly arteriosclerotic) dementia , which includes multiinfarct dementia, is distinguished from dementia in Alzheimer's disease by its history of onset, clinical features, and subsequent course. Typically, there is a history of transient ischæmic attacks with brief impairment of consciousness, fleeting pareses, or visual loss. The dementia may also follow a succession of acute cerebrovascular accidents or, less commonly, a single major stroke. Some impairment of memory and thinking then becomes apparent. Onset, which is usually in later life, can be abrupt, following one particular ischaemic episode, or there may be more gradual emergence. The dementia is usually the result of infarction of the brain due to vascular diseases, including hypertensive cerebrovascular disease. The infarcts are usually small but cumulative in their effect. The diagnosis presupposes the presence of a dementia as described above. Impairment of cognitive function is commonly uneven, so that there may be memory loss, intellectual impairment, and focal neurological signs. Insight and judgement may be relatively well preserved. An abrupt onset or a stepwise deterioration, as well as the presence of focal neurological signs and symptoms, increases the probability of the diagnosis; in some cases, confirmation can beprovided only by computerized axial tomography or, ultimately, neuropathological examination. Associated features are: hypertension, carotid bruit, emotional lability with transient depressive mood, weeping or explosive laughter, and transient episodes of clouded consciousness or delirium, often provoked by further infarction. Personality is believed to be relatively well preserved, but personality changes may be evident in a proportion of cases with apathy, disinhibition, or accentuation of previous traits such as egocentricity, paranoid attitudes, or irritability.

14. Vascular Dementia Trial vascular dementia Trial. . Contact Us Name EmailSubject Comments HOME . Online Picks. http://www.vasculardementiatrial.com/contact.html

Vascular Dementia Trial Contact Us Name: Email: Subject: Comments: HOME Online Picks

15. EMedicine - Vascular Dementia : Article Excerpt By: Kannayiram Alagiakrishnan, M vascular dementia vascular dementia is the second most common form ofdementia after Alzheimer disease (AD). Excerpt from vascular dementia. http://www.emedicine.com/med/byname/vascular-dementia.htm

(advertisement) Excerpt from Vascular Dementia Synonyms, Key Words, and Related Terms: arteriosclerotic dementia, atherosclerotic disease, dementia due to vascular disease, multiinfarct dementia, vascular cognitive impairment, Alzheimer disease, AD Please click here to view the full topic text: Vascular Dementia Background: Vascular dementia is the second most common form of dementia after Alzheimer disease (AD). The condition is not a single disease but a group of syndromes relating to different vascular mechanisms. Vascular dementia is preventable; therefore, early detection and accurate diagnosis is important. Patients who have had a stroke are at increased risk for vascular dementia. Recently, vascular lesions have been thought to play a role in AD. As early as 1899, arteriosclerosis and senile dementia were described as different syndromes. In 1969, Mayer-Gross et al described this syndrome and pointed out that hypertension is the cause in approximately 50% of cases. In 1974, Hachinski et al coined the term multiinfarct dementia. In 1985, Loeb used the broader term vascular dementia. Recently, Bowler and Hachinski introduced a new term, vascular cognitive impairment. Pathophysiology: Many subtypes of vascular dementia have been described to date. They include (1) multiinfarct dementia, (2) vascular dementia due to a strategic single infarct, (3) vascular dementia due to lacunar lesions, (4) vascular dementia due to hemorrhagic lesions, and (5) Binswanger disease.

16. Vascular Dementia HelpNote vascular dementia. Research over the next five to ten years may significantlyalter our understanding of vascular dementia. Causes of vascular dementia. http://www.alznsw.asn.au/library/vasclar.htm

Vascular Dementia Vascular dementia is the second most common cause of dementia, accounting for about 20 per cent of all cases by itself and up to another 20 per cent in combination with Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s disease alone accounts for about 50 per cent. It usually affects people between the ages of 60 and 75 and is slightly more common in men than women. Vascular dementia is a term for dementia associated with problems in the circulation of blood to the brain (cerebrovascular disease). It encompasses a wide range of diseases or disorders, the principal feature of which is loss of intellectual abilities. Unlike with most forms of Alzheimer’s disease, the cause of vascular dementia is known. If blood vessels in the brain burst (cerebral haemorrhage), if arteries blocked by plaque formation or clots (thrombosis or embolism), or if there is insufficient blood flow to parts of the brain (ischaemia) brain tissue will die. This is often called a stroke. It is thought that about a fifth of people who have strokes will develop problems involving their mental abilities including dementia. The risk factors for vascular dementia are those associated with all forms of stroke, the most significant of which is high blood pressure (hypertension). Brain tissue may also die due to disease in the blood vessels. Following is an overview of types of vascular dementia, causes, diagnosis and progression. However, it is important to note that unlike with most Alzheimer’s cases, vascular dementia can be very difficult to distinguish from other forms of dementia and many researchers still do not agree on the various “types” of vascular dementia. Research over the next five to ten years may significantly alter our understanding of vascular dementia.

17. Annotated Read List On Vascular Dementia ANNOTATED RESOURCES LIST ON vascular dementia. What is vascular dementia? /Alzheimer's Disease Society. London Alzheimer's Disease Society, 1997. http://www.alznsw.asn.au/Library/rlvasc.htm

ANNOTATED RESOURCES LIST ON VASCULAR DEMENTIA This resources list is one in a series prepared in the information resources centre, Alzheimer's Australia NSW. resources lists are updated on an annual basis. The list is intended to provide an understanding of material available in the information resources centre on vascular dementia. It is a select bibliography and does not cover all the resources available on this topic in the information resources centre. Information on vascular dementias * The loss of self: a family resource for the care of Alzheimer's disease and related disorders / Donna Cohen, Carl Eisdorfer. - New York: New American Library, c1986, pp.300-306. [Format: Book contents] This book looks at several aspects of vascular dementia, including infarctions and Transient Ischaemic Attacks (TIAs), but does not include information on Binswanger's disease. Multi-infarct Dementia A very sound discussion of multi-infarct dementia, written in 1994 by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The sources of help quoted are all in the USA and are therefore not applicable in Australia. Multi-infarct dementia A brief but helpful look at multi-infarct dementia, from the Alzheimers.com website. The statistics quoted are American.

18. Alzheimer Disease: Related Dementias, Vascular Dementia, Stroke vascular dementia. Note If you plan to print this page, please also printthe introduction page to Related Dementias. What is vascular dementia? http://www.alzheimer.ca/english/disease/dementias-vascular.htm

Related Dementias: Intro What Is Alzheimer Disease? Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Lewy body Dementia ... Vascular Dementia Vascular Dementia [Note: If you plan to print this page, please also print the introduction page to Related Dementias. It provides an overview of dementias related to Alzheimer Disease.] What is Vascular Dementia? Vascular Dementia (VaD) is the result of a single or multiple stroke. A stroke is the main area of damaged brain caused by a loss of blood flow. Strokes can be large or small, and can have a cumulative effect (each stroke adding further to the problem). How does Vascular Dementia affect the person? Who gets Vascular Dementia? VaD is less common than Alzheimer Disease. VaD often co-exists with Alzheimer Disease, a condition called "mixed dementia." Both men and women can be affected by VaD. What are the risk factors for Vascular Dementia? Risk factors for VaD include high blood pressure (hypertension), narrowing of the arteries, heart disease or diabetes. Smoking, being overweight, having elevated cholesterol levels and a family history of heart problems may also increase the risk of stroke, which increase the risk of VaD. Mini-strokes (sometimes referred to as transient ischemic attacks TIAs) are warning signs that a stroke may be imminent. Temporary loss of vision, speech, strength or brief episodes of numbness may indicate a TIA. Identifying the risk factors for VaD is important because often they may be treated to reduce the risk of stroke.

19. Vascular Dementia vascular dementia. Click Here. A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P QR S T U V W X Y Z Books Credits. Second most common type of dementia http://www.webref.org/psychology/v/vascular_dementia.htm

vascular dementia $50 Cash Back on Cell Phones Second most common type of dementia, associated with symptoms of cerebrovascular disease. Questia - The Online Library Back Next vagina vaginal barrel ... variable interval schedule vascular dementia vasocongestion vasoconstriction ventricles verbal test ... Tabularium™ WebRef™ Search WWW Search webref.org Digital River: Get amazing deals on great software! Iverson Software Co., 506 Genesis Ave., Marshall MN 56258-3110 Email WebMaster PRIVACY POLICY This site hosted by EASY CGI Web Hosting

20. Aspirin For Vascular Dementia (Cochrane Review) Aspirin for vascular dementia (Cochrane Review). Is there convincingevidence that aspirin benefits patients with vascular dementia? http://www.cochrane.org/cochrane/revabstr/ab001296.htm

Abstract from The Cochrane Library , Issue 1, 2003 Click here to order the full review Aspirin for vascular dementia (Cochrane Review) Williams PS, Rands G, Orrel M, Spector A ABSTRACT A substantive amendment to this systematic review was last made on 20 August 2000. Cochrane reviews are regularly checked and updated if necessary. Background: Aspirin is widely prescribed for patients with a diagnosis of vascular dementia; in one study, completed by geriatricians and psychiatrists in the UK, 80% of patients with cognitive impairment (with vascular risk factors) were prescribed aspirin. However, a number of queries remain unanswered. Is there convincing evidence that aspirin benefits patients with vascular dementia? Does aspirin affect cognition or improve prognosis? In addition, does the risk of cerebral or gastric haemorrhage outweigh any benefit? Objectives: To assess the evidence of effectiveness of the use of aspirin for vascular dementia. Search strategy: Trials were identified from a search of the Specialized Register of the Cochrane Dementia and Cognitive Improvement Group on 22 January 2002 using the terms: aspirin and "vascu* or multi-infarct". This database contains records from all major medical databases and major trials databases and is updated regularly. In addition, relevant websites were searched and some journals were handsearched. Specialists in the field were approached for unpublished material and any publications found were searched for additional references.

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