21. Nimodipine For Primary Degenerative, Mixed And Vascular Dementia (Cochrane Revie Click here to order the full review. Nimodipine for primary degenerative, mixedand vascular dementia (Cochrane Review). LópezArrieta, Birks J. ABSTRACT http://www.cochrane.org/cochrane/revabstr/ab000147.htm

Abstract from The Cochrane Library , Issue 1, 2003 Click here to order the full review Nimodipine for primary degenerative, mixed and vascular dementia (Cochrane Review) López-Arrieta, Birks J ABSTRACT A substantive amendment to this systematic review was last made on 15 April 2002. Cochrane reviews are regularly checked and updated if necessary. Background: Dementia is an age-associated syndrome most commonly due to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and/or cerebrovascular disease. Calcium has an important role in regulating brain functions. Calcium ions link membrane excitation to subsequent intracellular molecular responses. Age-associated changes in calcium homoeostasis have possible repercussions on higher cortical functions. Nimodipine is an isopropyl calcium channel blocker which readily crosses the blood-brain barrier. Its primary action is to reduce the number of open calcium channels in cell membranes, thus restricting influx of calcium ions into cells. The usefulness of nimodipine in patients with Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia and unspecified dementia is still controversial. In spite of the uncertainties about its efficacy in dementia, nimodipine is currently frequently prescribed for cognitive impairment and dementia in several continental European countries. Objectives: To assess the clinical efficacy of nimodipine for the manifestations of dementia, in unclassified disease and in the major subtypes - Alzheimer's disease, cerebrovascular disease, and mixed Alzheimer's and cerebrovascular disease.

22. Vascular Dementia Dementia Care Caregiver Burden Loss Memory Dementia Aricept vascular dementia (Dementia Care, Alzheimer Disease, Aricept) urlwww.alzheimercentre.ca. vascular dementia Canadian Alzheimer's http://alzheimerdisease.7im.net/Vascular_Dementia.html

Vascular Dementia : Canadian Alzheimer's Disease Centre Alzheimer Disease Brain Disease Dementia Loss Memory Researchers are also investigating whether these drugs may be used in more severe cases of Alzheimer's disease and whether they may be used in other types of dementia such as Lewy body and vascular dementia Alzheimer Disease Brain Disease Donepezil Cognitive Function ... Aricept

23. Vascular Dementia vascular dementia What is vascular dementia? Are there different types of Vasculardementia? There are a number of different types of vascular dementia. http://www.alzheimers.asn.au/DementiaInformation/di30.html

Vascular Dementia What is Vascular dementia? Vascular dementia is the broad term for dementia associated with problems of the circulation of blood to the brain. Are there different types of Vascular dementia? There are a number of different types of Vascular dementia. Two of the most common are: Multi-infarct dementia This is probably the most common form of Vascular dementia. Multi-infarct dementia is caused by a number of small strokes, called mini-strokes or Transient Ischaemic Attacks (TIA) .The strokes cause damage to the cortex of the brain -the area associated with learning, memory and language. A person with Multi- infarct dementia is likely to have better insight into their condition in the early stages than people with Alzheimer's disease, and parts of their personality may remain relatively intact for longer. Symptoms may include severe depression, mood swings and epilepsy. Binswanger's disease (also known as Subcortical vascular dementia) This was thought to be rare, but is now being reassessed, and may be relatively common. As with other vascular dementias, it is associated with stroke-related changes. It is the "white matter" deep within the brain that is affected. It is caused by high blood pressure, thickening of the arteries and inadequate blood flow. Symptoms often include slowness and lethargy, difficulty walking, emotional ups and downs and lack of bladder control early in the course of the disease, with gradually progressive dementia developing later. Most people with Binswanger's disease have, or have had, high blood pressure.

24. Vascular Dementia vascular dementia here you get information about forms of diseases,drugs, therapies, care and latest research results. Vascular http://www.memantine.com/docs/vasculardementia/

Vascular Dementia Merz - our research for your health Vascular Dementia : learn more about the different forms of diseases, current research, drugs, treatment, therapies and care. Vascular Dementia is a topic that anyone of us should think about, because when growing old, everyone could be affected. Inform yourself about Vascular Dementia now! The care for elderly people and their diseases are a topic for our society, whose importance grows each day. That's why we at Merz take Vascular Dementia very serious, so that we can offer you the best drug for each treatment and therapy you need. Vascular Dementia and Merz means research for your health. High-quality products and information about Vascular Dementia can be found on our website. Visit us online and learn everything about Vascular Dementia from one of Germany's leading health care companies. Our contribution to Vascular Dementia : read here what we can do for you. Further links: Parkinson Alzheimer und Demenz Alzheimer und Demenz Axura ... Demenz Our contribution to Vascular Dementia: read here what we can do for you. For more information covering this subject please click here: 30.12.201

25. Vascular Dementia vascular dementia here you get information about forms of diseases, drugs,therapies, care and latest research results. vascular dementia. http://www.memantine.com/docs/vasculardementia/vasculardementia.htm

Vascular Dementia Merz - our research for your health Vascular Dementia : learn more about the different forms of diseases, current research, drugs, treatment, therapies and care. Vascular Dementia is a topic that anyone of us should think about, because when growing old, everyone could be affected. Inform yourself about Vascular Dementia now! The care for elderly people and their diseases are a topic for our society, whose importance grows each day. That's why we at Merz take Vascular Dementia very serious, so that we can offer you the best drug for each treatment and therapy you need. Vascular Dementia and Merz means research for your health. High-quality products and information about Vascular Dementia can be found on our website. Visit us online and learn everything about Vascular Dementia from one of Germany's leading health care companies. Our contribution to Vascular Dementia : read here what we can do for you. Further links: Parkinson Alzheimer und Demenz Alzheimer und Demenz Axura ... Demenz Vascular Dementia: learn more about the different forms of diseases, current research, drugs, treatment, therapies and care. Find out more: Vascular Dementia and Merz means research for your health.

26. Vascular Dementia Introduction. This information sheet is for people with vascular dementiaand their carers. It What is vascular dementia? Dementia http://www.alzscot.org/info/vasculardementia.html

Vascular dementia Alzheimer Scotland - Action on Dementia Click on the headings below to jump straight to a particular section or use the scroll bar to move down the page. Introduction What is vascular dementia? Causes of vascular dementia Symptoms and diagnosis ... Acknowledgements Introduction This information sheet is for people with vascular dementia and their carers. It includes medical information about the diagnosis and treatment of vascular dementia, and practical information for carers. If you require information about other issues regarding dementia call the freephone Dementia Helpline on 0808 808 3000, or see other pages of this website. What is vascular dementia? Dementia is the general term for a gradual progressive decline in a person’s memory and other mental abilities. Vascular dementia is the second most common cause of dementia and recently its incidence has been found to be higher than previously expected. The most common type of vascular dementia is multi-infarct dementia (MID) where the brain has been damaged by repeated small strokes. However, vascular dementia can be caused by a number of other conditions including high blood pressure (hypertension), irregular heart rhythms (arrhythmias) and diseases which cause damage to the arteries in the brain. Indeed, any condition which causes the circulation to the brain to be impaired or damaged carries a risk to mental abilities. Vascular dementia accounts for almost 20% of all cases of dementia, with at least another 20% of people having both Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia (Brown 1993)

27. Alzheimer's Society Information Sheet - What Is Vascular Dementia? What is vascular dementia? vascular dementia affects around a quarterof people with dementia in the UK. What causes vascular dementia? http://www.alzheimers.org.uk/about/info_vascular.html

Search this site Type in the box and press the search button advanced search This section is about dementia Topics in this section are forms of dementia worried about yourself research ... treatments Related topics younger people with dementia I have dementia information for ... Download this sheet What is vascular dementia? Vascular dementia affects around a quarter of people with dementia in the UK. This information outlines some of the causes and symptoms of vascular dementia, and offers some suggestions on how to reduce the risk of developing the condition. On this webpage: What causes vascular dementia? What are the causes of vascular disease? Stroke and vascular dementia Multi-infarct dementia ... Treatment and prevention of vascular dementia What causes vascular dementia? Vascular dementia occurs when cells in the brain are deprived of oxygen. The brain is supplied with oxygen by a network of blood vessels called the vascular system. If there is a blockage in the vascular system, or if it is diseased, blood is prevented from reaching the brain. As a result, cells in the brain die, leading to the symptoms of dementia.

28. Patient Diseases: Vascular Dementia & Clinical Trials Patient Information Diseases. vascular dementia Clinical Trials What YouNeed To Know. What causes VAD? What causes the onset of vascular dementia? http://www.icsltd.net/patients/diseases/dementia.html

Patient Information: Diseases What You Need To Know What causes VAD? What are the symptoms of VAD? How is VAD diagnosed? What causes VAD? What causes the onset of vascular dementia? Some of the most common are as follows:

29. Aspirin For Vascular Dementia (Cochrane Review) Aspirin for vascular dementia (Cochrane Review). Citation Williams PS, RandsG, Orrel M, Spector A. Aspirin for vascular dementia (Cochrane Review). http://www.update-software.com/abstracts/ab001296.htm

From The Cochrane Library, Issue 1, 2003 Abstract also available in Spanish Aspirin for vascular dementia (Cochrane Review) Williams PS, Rands G, Orrel M, Spector A ABSTRACT Order full review View and/or submit comments What's new in this issue Search abstracts ... About The Cochrane Library A substantive amendment to this systematic review was last made on 20 August 2000. Cochrane reviews are regularly checked and updated if necessary. Background: Aspirin is widely prescribed for patients with a diagnosis of vascular dementia; in one study, completed by geriatricians and psychiatrists in the UK, 80% of patients with cognitive impairment (with vascular risk factors) were prescribed aspirin. However, a number of queries remain unanswered. Is there convincing evidence that aspirin benefits patients with vascular dementia? Does aspirin affect cognition or improve prognosis? In addition, does the risk of cerebral or gastric haemorrhage outweigh any benefit? Objectives: To assess the evidence of effectiveness of the use of aspirin for vascular dementia. Search strategy: Trials were identified from a search of the Specialized Register of the Cochrane Dementia and Cognitive Improvement Group on 22 January 2002 using the terms: aspirin and "vascu* or multi-infarct". This database contains records from all major medical databases and major trials databases and is updated regularly.

30. Nimodipine For Primary Degenerative, Mixed And Vascular Dementia (Cochrane Revie Abstract also available in Spanish. Nimodipine for primary degenerative, mixedand vascular dementia (Cochrane Review). LópezArrieta, Birks J. ABSTRACT. http://www.update-software.com/abstracts/ab000147.htm

From The Cochrane Library, Issue 1, 2003 Abstract also available in Spanish Nimodipine for primary degenerative, mixed and vascular dementia (Cochrane Review) López-Arrieta, Birks J ABSTRACT Order full review View and/or submit comments What's new in this issue Search abstracts ... About The Cochrane Library A substantive amendment to this systematic review was last made on 15 April 2002. Cochrane reviews are regularly checked and updated if necessary. Background: Dementia is an age-associated syndrome most commonly due to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and/or cerebrovascular disease. Calcium has an important role in regulating brain functions. Calcium ions link membrane excitation to subsequent intracellular molecular responses. Age-associated changes in calcium homoeostasis have possible repercussions on higher cortical functions. Nimodipine is an isopropyl calcium channel blocker which readily crosses the blood-brain barrier. Its primary action is to reduce the number of open calcium channels in cell membranes, thus restricting influx of calcium ions into cells. The usefulness of nimodipine in patients with Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia and unspecified dementia is still controversial. In spite of the uncertainties about its efficacy in dementia, nimodipine is currently frequently prescribed for cognitive impairment and dementia in several continental European countries.

31. Vascular Dementia - Alzheimer's Disease International vascular dementia. vascular dementia accounts for about 20% of allcases of dementia. Vascular disease occurs where blood vessels http://www.alz.co.uk/alzheimers/vascular.html

Vascular dementia Vascular dementia accounts for about 20% of all cases of dementia. Vascular disease occurs where blood vessels are damaged and the supply of oxygen is at risk. If oxygen supply fails in the brain, brain cells are likely to die leading to a series of mini strokes (infarcts) and possible vascular dementia. The mini strokes that cause vascular dementia are often so slight that they cause no immediate symptoms, or they may cause some temporary confusion. However, each stroke destroys a small area of cells in the brain by cutting off its blood supply and the cumulative effect of a number of mini strokes is often sufficient to cause vascular dementia. Vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease frequently occur together and they may often act in combination to cause dementia. Symptoms Mental decline is likely to have a clear start date and symptoms tend to progress in a series of steps following each attack, suggesting that small strokes have been occurring. May include severe depression, mood swings and epilepsy. Some areas of the brain may be more affected than others. Consequently, some mental abilities may be relatively unaffected.

32. Arch Neurol -- Page Not Found 57;170171, February 2000, Criteria for vascular dementia Replacing Dogma With Data,John V. Bowler, MB, MD, MRCP; Vladimir Hachinski, MD, FRPC, DSc. http://archneur.ama-assn.org/issues/v57n2/ffull/ned8473.html

Select Journal or Resource JAMA Archives of Dermatology Facial Plastic Surgery Family Medicine (1992-2000) General Psychiatry Internal Medicine Neurology Ophthalmology Surgery MSJAMA Science News Updates Meetings Peer Review Congress The page you requested was not found. The JAMA Archives Journals Web site has been redesigned to provide you with improved layout, features, and functionality. The location of the page you requested may have changed. To find the page you requested, click here HOME CURRENT ISSUE PAST ISSUES ... HELP Error 404 - "Not Found"

33. Arch Neurol -- Page Not Found Survival Study of vascular dementia in Rochester, Minnesota Author Information DavidS. Knopman, MD; Walter A. Rocca, MD, MPH; Ruth H. Cha, MS; Steven D. Edland http://archneur.ama-assn.org/issues/current/abs/noc20112.html

Select Journal or Resource JAMA Archives of Dermatology Facial Plastic Surgery Family Medicine (1992-2000) General Psychiatry Internal Medicine Neurology Ophthalmology Surgery MSJAMA Science News Updates Meetings Peer Review Congress The page you requested was not found. The JAMA Archives Journals Web site has been redesigned to provide you with improved layout, features, and functionality. The location of the page you requested may have changed. To find the page you requested, click here HOME CURRENT ISSUE PAST ISSUES ... HELP Error 404 - "Not Found"

34. Www.alzwisc.org; Vascular Dementia. vascular dementia. ascular As a result, many characteristic symptomsof vascular dementia mimic symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease. In http://www.alzwisc.org/vasculardem.html

Vascular dementia. ascular dementia is a general term for thinking impairment resulting from disruptions in the brain’s blood supply to cells involved in memory, reasoning, and emotion. The most frequently diagnosed type of vascular dementia is multi-infarct dementia, in which a series of small strokes block small arteries causing the destruction of brain tissue. The onset may appear sudden as it may take many strokes for symptoms to appear. These strokes may damage areas of the brain responsible for a specific function as well as producing general symptoms of dementia. As a result, many characteristic symptoms of vascular dementia mimic symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease. In fact, “isolated” vascular dementia is uncommon. It occurs more frequently as a mixed dementia, such as vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. Symptoms may include problems with recent memory, episodes of confusion, wandering or getting lost in familiar places, difficulty following instructions, apathy, sudden personality or mood change, laughing or crying inappropriately, difficulty walking, falls, rigidity or increased reflexes.

35. Alzheimer's Association-Greater Illinois Chapter: Vascular Dementia-Complex Path vascular dementia Complex Pathology, Confusing Symptoms. A lthoughthe average brain weighs only three poundsaccounting for just http://www.alzheimers-illinois.org/articles/vascular.html

Vascular Dementia: Complex Pathology, Confusing Symptoms A lthough the average brain weighs only three pounds—accounting for just 2 percent of the weight of a 150-pound person—it consumes 20 percent of the body’s oxygen and receives 20 percent of the body’s blood supply. Events that interfere with the brain’s blood supply pose a serious threat—its cells can survive without oxygen for only three to five minutes. When brain cells die, their death disrupts the mental or physical function controlled by the area where the damage occurs. Evolving Ideas about a Complex Disorder Medical thinking about vascular dementia has changed considerably over the past few decades. At one time, doctors attributed almost all mental impairment associated with old age to "hardening of the arteries" in the brain. As scientists gained deeper understanding of other dementing illnesses, Alzheimer’s gradually earned recognition as the most common dementia, and vascular dementia was considered the second most frequent. Experts now acknowledge that neither the frequency nor the characteristics of vascular dementia are well understood. Several professional bodies have developed different sets of criteria for diagnosing the disorder, making it difficult to estimate its frequency with any precision. Estimates found in recent scientific literature indicate that vascular dementia accounts for anywhere from one-tenth to one-third of dementia cases

36. Vascular Dementia Patients Taking ARICEPT® Show Significant Treatment Benefits ARICEPT® (donepezil hydrochloride) significantly improved the cognitive and overallfunction of patients with vascular dementia (VaD), compared to placebo http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2002-01/pn-fso012402.php

Public release date: 25-Jan-2002 Contact: Melissa Furrie mfurrie@porternovelli.com Porter Novelli Vascular dementia patients taking ARICEPT® show significant treatment benefits in cognition and function ARICEPT® efficacy and safety study in new treatment area presented at the Second International Congress on Vascular Dementia Salzburg, Austria - Treatment with ARICEPT® (donepezil hydrochloride tablets) significantly improved the cognitive and global (overall) function of patients with vascular dementia (VaD), compared with placebo, according to results from a first-of-its-kind clinical study presented today at the Second International Congress on Vascular Dementia (ICVD) in Salzburg, Austria. Only patients with VaD were included in this study. Patients with a diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) were excluded. ARICEPT® is currently indicated for the treatment of mild to moderate AD. VaD, cognitive decline caused by a single, localized stroke, or series of strokes, is second only to AD as a cause of dementia. Up to one-third of all diagnosed dementia cases are VaD. In Europe, the prevalence of VaD is estimated to be 1.5 to 4.8 percent for people 70 to 80 years of age; of the patients over 65 years old diagnosed with dementia in the United States, approximately 9 to 39 percent have VaD. This study is one of two conducted to examine the efficacy and safety of ARICEPT® in patients with VaD, excluding patients diagnosed with AD. The results of the second study are expected to be released in mid 2002. Eisai, which discovered and developed ARICEPT®, will work with its strategic alliance partner, Pfizer Inc., to file both studies with regulatory authorities worldwide for an indication to treat VaD.

37. Disease Category Listing (312): Dementia California. Berkeley; East Bay Associates in Neurology vascular dementia study. Vasculardementia study. Irvine; Ocnug Neuro Research vascular dementia study. http://www.centerwatch.com/patient/studies/cat312.html

Clinical Trials: Dementia California Berkeley; East Bay Associates in Neurology Vascular dementia study Beverly Hills; California Clinical Trials Medical Group, Inc. Vascular dementia study Irvine; Ocnug Neuro Research Vascular dementia study Irvine; Protocare Trials Irvine Center for Clinical Research (ICCR) Are you or a loved one interested in participating in a clinical trial for Dementia? Vascular dementia study Los Angeles; UCLA Medical Center A Research Study Examining the Effectiveness of a Device Designed to Detect Blood Levels of an Enzyme That May Aid in the Clinical Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease Los Angeles; UCLA Medical Center A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study for the Treatment of Agitation and Psychosis in Dementia Patients with Movement Disorders. Sacramento; Neurological Consultants Medical Group, Inc. Vascular dementia study San Diego; Protocare Trials Pacific Research Network (PRN) Are you or a loved one interested in participating in a clinical trial for Dementia? Florida Boynton Beach; CNS Clinical Trials, Boynton Beach

38. Drugs Benefit People With Vascular Dementia --- HealthandAge Drugs benefit people with vascular dementia. Drugs benefit peoplewith vascular dementia. Susan Aldridge, PhD. People with vascular http://www.healthandage.com/Home/gid1=2398

English site German site March 31, 2003 Home Health Centers HealthandAge Network News ... Primer on Aging Choose Font Size Normal Large Extra Large Drugs benefit people with vascular dementia Drugs benefit people with vascular dementia Susan Aldridge, PhD People with vascular dementia have as much to gain as those with Alzheimer's disease from treatments that improve memory and other cognitive functions. Alzheimer's disease accounts for around half of all cases of dementia. The other major form is vascular dementia, which is caused by impaired circulation in the brain. Over the last few years, many Alzheimer's patients have benefitted from cholinesterase inhibitors, which are drugs that slow the progression of the disease by improving memory and other mental functions. Now a team at the University of California show that the drugs can have benefit in those with vascular dementia too. They looked at a group of 359 patients given galantamine, a cholinesterase inhibitor, comparing them with 178 controls on a placebo. They found that for those with mild dementia, galantamine led to significant improvement in cognition. And for those with moderate dementia, improvement was seen in behavioural symptoms like aggression. It looks as if patients with vascular dementia, and their carers, may have much to gain from the cholinesterase inhibitors. Source American Neurological Association Meeting 14th October 2002 Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a medical illness that damages the nerves in the brain.

39. Drugs Benefit People With Vascular Dementia --- HealthandAge Drugs benefit people with vascular dementia. Drugs benefit people with vasculardementia Privacy Policy . Drugs benefit people with vascular dementia. http://www.healthandage.com/Home/gid1=2398!gm=16

English site German site March 31, 2003 Home Health Centers HealthandAge Network News ... Primer on Aging Choose Font Size Normal Large Extra Large Drugs benefit people with vascular dementia DRUGS BENEFIT PEOPLE WITH VASCULAR DEMENTIA Drugs benefit people with vascular dementia Susan Aldridge, PhD People with vascular dementia have as much to gain as those with Alzheimer's disease from treatments that improve memory and other cognitive functions. Alzheimer's disease accounts for around half of all cases of dementia. The other major form is vascular dementia, which is caused by impaired circulation in the brain. Over the last few years, many Alzheimer's patients have benefitted from cholinesterase inhibitors, which are drugs that slow the progression of the disease by improving memory and other mental functions. Now a team at the University of California show that the drugs can have benefit in those with vascular dementia too. They looked at a group of 359 patients given galantamine, a cholinesterase inhibitor, comparing them with 178 controls on a placebo. They found that for those with mild dementia, galantamine led to significant improvement in cognition. And for those with moderate dementia, improvement was seen in behavioural symptoms like aggression. It looks as if patients with vascular dementia, and their carers, may have much to gain from the cholinesterase inhibitors. Source American Neurological Association Meeting 14th October 2002 Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a medical illness that damages the nerves in the brain.

40. Jossey-Bass :: You Have Encountered An Error JosseyBass, vascular dementia Current Concepts by I. Prohovnik (Editor), J. Wade(Editor), S. Knezevic (Editor), T. Tatemichi (Editor), T. Erkinjuntti (Editor http://www.josseybass.com/cda/product/0,,047195294X,00.html

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