61. Sci.math FAQ: Indiana Bill Sets Value Of Pi To 3 sci.math FAQ Indiana Bill sets value of pi to 3. 246, Indiana State Legislature,1897, reportedly set the value of pi to an incorrect rational approximation. http://www.uni-giessen.de/faq/archiv/sci-math-faq.indianabill/msg00000.html

Index sci.math FAQ: Indiana Bill sets value of Pi to 3 Subject : sci.math FAQ: Indiana Bill sets value of Pi to 3 From alopez-o@neumann.uwaterloo.ca (Alex Lopez-Ortiz) Date : 17 Feb 2000 22:52:00 GMT Newsgroups sci.math news.answers sci.answers Summary : Part 10 of 31, New version http://www.cs.unb.ca/~alopez-o Assistant Professor Faculty of Computer Science University of New Brunswick Index: Index sci-math-faq.indianabill

62. DarkBASIC Professional :: Forums Program Announcements :: Coming Soon : Get The Program Announcements Coming Soon Get the value of pi, Yes get the valueof PI (3.14159265358979) into your programs Good news everyone! http://www.darkbasicpro.com/apollo/view.php?t=3711&b=5

63. Calculating Pi :: The Open Source Project For Calculating Pi. An open source endeavor for the calculation of this constant. Describes the project, the implemented Category Science Math Recreations Specific Numbers Pi...... The average when divided by the diameter of the circle gives the approximatevalue of pi. This program does NOT calculate the value of pi. http://projectpi.sourceforge.net/

@import url("themes/ExtraLite/style/style.css"); Search Main Menu Home Modules AvantGo Downloads FAQ Members List ... Web Links Links Who's Online We have 4 guests and members online You are an anonymous user. You can register for free by clicking here The open source project for calculating Pi. This is an opensource project for the calculation of the mathematical constant Pi. If you are a mathematician or programer please contribute ideas or code for this project. Non professionals are also welcome to contribute. Project details at Sourceforge http://sourceforge.net/projects/projectpi/ Source codes for download http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=54167 Project Page at Freshmeat http://freshmeat.net/projects/projectpi/ Project Administrator http://sourceforge.net/users/sayanchak/ Project Developers http://sourceforge.net/project/memberlist.php?group_id=54167 Project Listing at LinuxFund http://linuxfund.org/node.php?id=132 Happy Pi Day :: March 14, 2003 Posted by: sayan on Friday, March 14, 2003 - 05:13 AM GMT ProjectPi As you all know that the decimal expansion of Pi goes on like 3.14159... So today, 3/14, that is 3rd March, also the Birthday of Albert Einstein, is celebrated as Pi Day. Happy Pi, day to all you Pi fans.

64. Buffon's Needle The remarkable result is that the probability is directly related to the valueof pi. This estimate is correct to within 2/1000 of the book value of pi. http://www.mste.uiuc.edu/reese/buffon/buffon.html

Buffon's Needle An Analysis and Simulation by George Reese Run the simulation using a Java applet Introduction to the problem. The simplest case The other cases An estimate that is very close Questions ... Download a graphical simulation program (Macintosh, binhexed) An interesting extension posed by p. ganguly. Send me an email if you think you have an answer. Introduction Buffon's Needle is one of the oldest problems in the field of geometrical probability. It was first stated in 1777. It involves dropping a needle on a lined sheet of paper and determining the probability of the needle crossing one of the lines on the page. The remarkable result is that the probability is directly related to the value of pi. These pages will present an analytical solution to the problem along with a program (written for Macintosh computers) for simulating the needle drop in the simplest case scenario in which the length of the needle is the same as the distance between the lines. The Simplest Case Let's take the simple case first. In this case, the length of the needle is one unit and the distance between the lines is also one unit. There are two variables, the angle at which the needle falls (theta) and the distance from the center of the needle to the closest line (D). Theta can vary from to 180 degrees and is measured against a line parallel to the lines on the paper. The distance from the center to the closest line can never be more that half the distance between the lines. The graph below depicts this situation.

65. Lady Pi He took the value of pi expressed in binary, which begins 11.001001000011111101101010100010001000010110100011000010001101001100010011 http://users.aol.com/s6sj7gt/ladypi.htm

Lady Pi Mike Keith June 1999 Sure, the digits of the number pi (3.14159265358979...) are a random-looking primordial soup. But did you know there's a picture of a person hiding in there? Here's how to uncover it. This discovery was first made in 1998 by Richard Lawrence of Schuyler Falls, New York, working entirely by hand. He took the value of pi expressed in binary, which begins and arranged the binary digits in order on a spiral within a hexagonal lattice, like so: Figure 1. Binary pi on a hexagonal spiral. Then, he colored in the locations of the "1" bits, as shown in the figure. After extending the plot to about 15 revolutions of the spiral, he noticed what appeared to be a "face" just above the center of the plot. The face has two eyes, an open mouth, and even appears to have hair flowing off to the right. What happens, we wondered, if the plot is continued? The result is shown below. Figure 2. Lady pi walks in the Sunlit Garden. After drawing 50 revolutions of the binary-pi spiral, we have colored in three areas using a flood fill. Voila! - it's Lady Pi. She has a face with two eyes (and, well, yes, kind of an odd-shaped mouth), hair streaming off to her left, a long flowing robe, and - most dramatic - her right hand is lifted up to sheild her eyes from the sun. The center of the spiral shown in Figure 1 is right at the base of her "neck".

66. Value Of PI Here is the value of pi to its 150 digit precision 3.1415926535897932384626433832795028841971693993751058209749445923078164062862 http://freewebhosting.hostdepartment.com/h/hmikell/pi.html

Here is the value of PI to its 150 digit precision: Back Site created and maintained by Heath Mikell

67. ClipX - Turbo Pascal - PI Predefined value of pi pp 48 Define Pi is predefined as 3.1415926535 E+00.Purpose Standard mathematical expression. Notes Pi is Type Real. http://www.clipx.net/ng/pascal/ng2e565.php

pi predefined value of pi pp 48 [^^Up^^] [Menu] [About The Guide] PI Predefined Value of PI pp 48 Define: Pi is predefined as 3.1415926535 E+00. Purpose: Standard mathematical expression. Notes: Pi is Type Real. Usage: VAR RealVar : Real; BEGIN RealVar := Pi ; END. Online resources provided by: http://www.ClipX.Net - NG 2 HTML conversion by Dave Pearson

68. E-Skeptic - 18 May, 98 - Legislating The Value Of Pi, Final Week Before The Skep Legislating The value of pi, Final Week Before The Skeptics Conference,More On Van Praagh. © 1998 Legislating The value of pi. Does http://www.e-skeptic.de/180598A.HTM

Michael Shermer's E-Skeptic of 18 May, 98 Legislating The Value Of Pi, Final Week Before The Skeptics Conference, More On Van Praagh Next E-Skeptic Previous E-Skeptic Skeptic Magazine Home VERLAG Lee Traynor Home Legislating The Value Of Pi Does anyone out there know if there is any truth to what I always thought was a classic urban legend, if some politician is or was trying to making Pi and even 3.0, through legislation no less? I just can't believe anyone could be this stupid, but it keeps coming up in various sources, including the June, 1998 issue of Scientific American, where Steve Mirsky (page 28) writes: "Back in 1897 the Indiana State House decided to legislate the value of piirrationally, of course. Not only did their bill assign an incorrect value of pi, but various sections defined different wrong values." Final Week Before The Skeptics Conference This weekend's Skeptics Society conference is just about filled up at 250 people, with about 40 seats left. Call 626/794-3119 or e-mail your registration. Friday night's social includes a magic show by the British magician Ian Rowland, featured last night on NBC's expose of psychic tricks. Saturday's program is on God, Religion, and Myths. Saturday evening's keynote address is by Donald Johanson Sunday's event is James Randi's SOLVED MYSTERIES WORKSHOP.

69. Www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3091.txt PIgen multicast clients build up a coherent value of pi by listeningto the multicast group over time. The randomly selected digit http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3091.txt

70. Freshmeat.net: Project Details For Calculating Pi Archimedes Calculates the value of pi using Archimedes' Method. ArctanFormula Calculates the value of pi using arctan formulae. http://freshmeat.net/projects/projectpi/

OSDN: Our Network DevChannel Newsletters ... Shop SEARCH: All OSDN Sites freshmeat DevChannel Linux.com LinuxGram NewsForge OSDN.com OSDN PriceCompare Slashcode Slashdot SourceForge.net Tue, Mar 18th home browse articles ... scoop 01:33 PST Search for in projects articles comments Section Main Software Mac OS X Palm Themes login register recover password [Project] ... [Project] Calculating Pi by Sayan Chakraborti - Thursday, July 4th 2002 06:33 PST About: ProjectPi is a project to calculate the mathematical constant Pi through various methods. Author: Sayan Chakraborti Rating: (1 vote) Alt Text Homepage: http://projectpi.sourceforge.net/ Tar/GZ: http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=54167 Demo site: http://projectpi.sourceforge.net/2d3d4d_o.php Trove categories: [change] Development Status :: 3 - Alpha 4 - Beta Environment :: Console (Text Based) ... Scientific/Engineering :: Visualization Dependencies: [change] No dependencies filed Project admins: [change] Sayan Chakraborti (Owner) Add comment Rate this project Subscribe to new releases Ignore this project ... Rating: 8.15/10.00 (Rank N/A) Vitality: 0.03% (Rank 2419)

71. Pi In The Sky leading to an apex height of 146.71 metres, and thus a ratio of base to height of1.5701, which is within 99.96 per cent of the true value of pi/2. Some have http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/rajm/pinature.htm

Pi in the sky Nature Over the years, people have pointed out that it's possible to get a pretty accurate value of the famous constant Pi ( = 3.14159....) from studying the dimensions of the Great Pyramid. Its base measures 230.35 metres, while its slanting face angle is 51.867 degrees, leading to an apex height of 146.71 metres, and thus a ratio of base to height of 1.5701, which is within 99.96 per cent of the true value of Pi/2. Some have even gone so far as to claim that this proves that aliens helped the great Egyptian engineer/architect Imhotep erect the pyramids. More likely, the presence of Pi in the design is really just a figment of the surveying techniques used, which may well have featured wheeled devices whose circumference is of course simply Pi times the wheel's diameter. In this paper, I show that it is possible to extract a similarly accurate value of Pi from a rather more "cosmic" source: the scattering of the brightest stars in the night sky. Back to homepage

72. Untitled in another posting in this thread, takes each mathematical statement in the billat face value and derives a value of pi by comparing it to the truth. http://www.math.byu.edu/~lfrancis/tim's-page/indiana-pi.html

Pi in Indiana: why is pi irrational Allan Adler ,ara@zurich.ai.mit.edu.) Lorenzo Sadun paints the legislation of pi = 3 (or 3.14) as reasonable. I happen to have in my files a copy of an article by Will E. Edington of De Pauw University, entitled House Bill No. 246, Indiana State Legislature, 1897", which appeared in the Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science. I don't happen to have written the year of the article. I vague recall it being in the 1950's, but I might be mistaken. Edington's article is based on " the bill itself,..., the Journals of the House and Senate for 1897, and the files of the three Indianapolis papers for January and February, 1897." He also draws on an article of Prof.Waldo in the Proc.Indiana Acad.Science in 1916 on the subject. The author of the bill was Edwin J. Goodwin, M.D. It was introduced into the House by Mr. Taylor I. Record, Representative from Posey County, on Jan.18, 1897. The following is the statement of the bill: HOUSE BILL NO. 246 "A bill for an act introducinga new mathematical truth and offered as a contribution to education to be used only by the State of Indiana free of cost by paying any royalties whatever on the same, provided it is accepted

73. Montshire Museum: 3.141592... WOOOOOOH! So far, computers have expressed the value of pi to billions of decimalplaces. Tuesday, But his method didn't express the value of pi exactly. http://www.montshire.net/minute/mm990301.html

Montshire Minute: Pi Originally aired during the week of March 1, 1999 Monday I've always been intrigued by pie. Apple. Mince. Pumpkin. 3.14. What was that? Well, 3.14 is the value usually given for the number "pi." Pi what you get when you divide the circumference of a circle by its diameter. While pi is generally referred to as 3.14, that number is just rounded off. The truth is, no one is sure exactly what pi is, because it seems to just go on and on. The number can't be expressed as a fraction, which makes it an irrational number. You can think of irrational numbers as all those mostly anonymous numbers that fill the spaces between fractions along the number line. Because pi goes on forever and never repeats itself, it is also a transcendental number. WOOOOOOH! So far, computers have expressed the value of pi to billions of decimal places. Tuesday You could spend your whole life trying to get to the bottom of pi. I'm not talking about the baked kind: you know - chocolate cream, lemon meringue. I'm talking about the number "pi," which is referred to as an irrational number because, well, if you were to try to write down every digit, you might be writing for eternity! That's pretty irrational. Still, this hasn't stopped some people from trying to find the end of the number pi. In the late 1800s, an Indiana man claimed to have done just that, and he asked his state legislature to pass a resolution identifying him as a hero number-cruncher. No one in the legislature knew enough math to know that the "discovery" was nonsense, and the bill passed 67-0. Fortunately, knowledgeable mathematicians rushed to the Hoosier capital in time to kill the bill in the Senate. Indiana avoided having "pi" in its face.

74. InformIT - Show Comments FEB 11, 2002 090247 AM, value of pi Save by dbellis. The value for pi, forexample, is approximately 3.1459 Oops. It's really approximately 3.14159 http://www.informit.com/isapi/postid~{748ECD74-E246-4351-BB0E-D1232A922DDC}/st~{

Our Publishing Partners: Addison-Wesley Cisco Press New Riders Peachpit Press ... Log In View Cart Home Articles Database Discussion: Storing Your Access Data Learn how to store data temporarily in RAM, using the essential data-declaration statements, Popup Hints, the Locals and Watches windows, the Immediate window, and the call stack. Read the Article Storing Your Access Data by Paul Kimmel Comment on this Article Posted Comment FEB 11, 2002 09:02:47 AM Value of PI Save by dbellis "The value for pi, for example, is approximately 3.1459" Oops. It's really approximately 3.14 59... But since we used a Constant statement, we only have to correct one line in the program :) REPLY TO THIS COMMENT About Us Advertise On InformIT Contact Us ... Book Registration 201 West 103rd Street, Indianapolis, IN 46290 Legal Notice

75. The Pi Trivia Game compass to construct a square equal in area to a given circle construct a squarethat perfectly circumscribes a circle determine the value of pi squared draw a http://eveander.com/~eveander/trivia/

The Pi Trivia Game part of Pi Land Finally this is your chance to pay tribute to the magnificent transcendental number that we have all grown to love! Test your knowledge of history, mathematics, and even a little physics. Here are 25 (given to you 5 at a time) fun pi-related questions, picked randomly from my exciting pi question database! Get ready for the thrill of your lifetime, the ultimate challenge, The Pi Trivia Game! 1. What is the earliest known reference to pi? the Rosetta Stone, inscribed in approximately 200 BC a Middle Kingdom papyrus scroll, written around 1650 BC by Ahmes the scribe Euclid's Elements, written in the 3rd century BC The Uselessness of Pi and its Irrational Friends, written in 1994 AD the Bible 2. For a given value of N : if you add up the first N decimals of pi (excluding the initial 3), the sum is 666 (not to imply that pi is at all satanic). What is the value of N 3. Which French mathematician said in 1909 that it is hopeless to think that we could ever check if there are 10^100 consecutive zeroes in the decimal expansion of pi? Felix Klein while looking at his cat.

76. Pyxia IBasic SAQ 8 Calculate the value of pi Joey 06/02/02 This is the oldfashionedway to iteratively calculate the value of pi . joey ’code http://www.web-helper.net/PyxiaSAQ/ViewArticle.asp?8

77. How To Get Close To Exact Value Of Pi ? next up previous Next Exercises Up Discovering and computing PreviousCircumference and Area How to get close to exact value of pi ? http://www.math.ucdavis.edu/~daddel/Math_Hist/Projects/LESSONS/LESSONS_07/MATH_H

Next: Exercises Up: Discovering and computing Previous: Circumference and Area How to get close to exact value of Pi ? Archemedies could estimate to any degree of accuracy he desired by using regular polygons with more sides and getting arbitrarily close to the real area of the circle. In the same way, we can estimate the area of the circle to any degree of accuracy by using arbitrarily small values of . Calculus, deals further with the use of arbitrarily small distances like the width that we used in this example and could find the exact values of volumes, areas, and other quantities. Ali A. Daddel 2002-10-08

78. The Most Useless Pi Algorithm I used the value of pi from Project Gutenberg, with N=1250000 digits.The way to tell if two numbers are coprime is by the Euler method. http://www.cacr.caltech.edu/~roy/upi/

The Most Useless Pi Algorithm Intro There are many algorithms for computing pi, ranging from the fiercely efficient Ramanujan formulae that can become thirty orders of magnitude more accurate with each additional term in the expansion, to the familiar but plodding result from the power-series expansion of arctan(1), for which more detail is here This page is concerned not with finding a more efficient way to compute pi, since one would need to be extremely intelligent to do better than all the clever mathematicans who have worked on it. Uselessness: A Cost-Benefit Analysis Enough with efficiency! This page describes a candidate for the most useless way of computing pi. Let us define this concept more closely with a cost-benefit analysis: I shall define uselessness in terms of high cost , both computational and intellectual, and in terms of zero or negative benefit . The algorithm discussed below, you may be assured, provides a highly negative benefit and high initial cost. The idea is to take a million or so digits of pi that have been computed by somebody else, and use these to extract an extremely inaccurate approximation to pi. We could of course take the million digits and strip off 999,999 of them, but we can also do better, by adding considerable intellectual and computational cost to arrive at the approximation.

79. Pseudorandom Number Sequence Test Program Monte Carlo value for Pi is 3.169834647 (error 0.90 percent). Serial Thepercentage of hits can be used to calculate the value of pi. For http://www.fourmilab.ch/random/

A Pseudorandom Number Sequence Test Program This page describes a program, ent , which applies various tests to sequences of bytes stored in files and reports the results of those tests. The program is useful for those evaluating pseudorandom number generators for encryption and statistical sampling applications, compression algorithms, and other applications where the information density of a file is of interest. NAME ent - pseudorandom number sequence test SYNOPSIS ent -bcftu infile DESCRIPTION ent performs a variety of tests on the stream of bytes in infile (or standard input if no infile is specified) and produces output as follows on the standard output stream: Entropy = 7.980627 bits per character. Optimum compression would reduce the size of this 51768 character file by percent. Chi square distribution for 51768 samples is 1542.26, and randomly would exceed this value 0.01 percent of the times. Arithmetic mean value of data bytes is 125.93 (127.5 = random). Monte Carlo value for Pi is 3.169834647 (error 0.90 percent). Serial correlation coefficient is 0.004249 (totally uncorrelated = 0.0). The values calculated are as follows: Entropy The information density of the contents of the file, expressed as a number of bits per character. The results above, which resulted from processing an image file compressed with JPEG, indicate that the file is extremely dense in informationessentially random. Hence, compression of the file is unlikely to reduce its size. By contrast, the C source code of the program has entropy of about 4.9 bits per character, indicating that optimal compression of the file would reduce its size by 38%. [Hamming, pp. 104-108]

80. The Value Of Pi To 50,000 Decimal Places. The current record for the value of pi is Pi to approximately 5 billiondecimal places. Thats 5,000,000,000,000. And thats a lot of Zeros. http://members.tripod.com/~ACJT/pi.html

Here we go... The current record for the value of Pi is Pi to approximately 5 billion decimal places. Thats 5,000,000,000,000. And thats a lot of Zeros. Link to 'The Uselessness of Pi and it's irrational friends' page.

Page 4     61-80 of 157    Back | 1  | 2  | 3  | 4  | 5  | 6  | 7  | 8  | Next 20