61. [HM] (German) Mathematicians As Members Of The "Academie Des Sciences", Paris By HM (german) mathematicians as members of the Academie des Sciences ,Paris by Ulf Hashagen. reply to this message post a message http://mathforum.org/epigone/historia_matematica/bixswumcler

[HM] (German) mathematicians as members of the "Academie des Sciences", Paris by Ulf Hashagen reply to this message post a message on a new topic Back to Historia-Matematica Discussion Group Subject: [HM] (German) mathematicians as members of the "Academie des Sciences", Paris Author: u.hashagen@deutsches-museum.de Date: Fri, 11 Jan 2002 14:24:44 +0100 Dear Colleagues, I would like to know, which German mathematicians were members of the Académie des Sciences in Paris from 1800-1945. Does anybody know about a list of (German) mathematicians, who were members of the Académie des Sciences? Or is there an electronic database of all members of the Académie des Sciences in Paris available on the Internet? (I know about the printed "Index Biographique" (1954), but this is a little bit difficult to use for my purpose.) Best wishes Ulf Hashagen - Ulf Hashagen Munich Center for the History of Science and Technology Deutsches Museum D-80306 Munich Germany Email: u.hashagen@deutsches-museum.de Tel. +49-(0)89-2179-453 Fax. +49-(0)89-2179-239 The Math Forum

62. [HM] (German) Mathematicians As Members Of The "Academie Des Sciences", Paris By HM (german) mathematicians as members of the "Academie des Sciences", Paris by Ulf Hashagen http://mathforum.com/epigone/historia_matematica/bixswumcler

[HM] (German) mathematicians as members of the "Academie des Sciences", Paris by Ulf Hashagen reply to this message post a message on a new topic Back to Historia-Matematica Discussion Group Subject: [HM] (German) mathematicians as members of the "Academie des Sciences", Paris Author: u.hashagen@deutsches-museum.de Date: Fri, 11 Jan 2002 14:24:44 +0100 Dear Colleagues, I would like to know, which German mathematicians were members of the Académie des Sciences in Paris from 1800-1945. Does anybody know about a list of (German) mathematicians, who were members of the Académie des Sciences? Or is there an electronic database of all members of the Académie des Sciences in Paris available on the Internet? (I know about the printed "Index Biographique" (1954), but this is a little bit difficult to use for my purpose.) Best wishes Ulf Hashagen - Ulf Hashagen Munich Center for the History of Science and Technology Deutsches Museum D-80306 Munich Germany Email: u.hashagen@deutsches-museum.de Tel. +49-(0)89-2179-453 Fax. +49-(0)89-2179-239 The Math Forum

63. Southampton ECS UCAS: LC326 German For Mathematicians And Engineers LC326 german for mathematicians and Engineers. Basic Information. Department,Sect Centre for Language Study. Known as, LC326. Session http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/ucas/syllabus.php?unit=LC326

64. LC326 German For Mathematicians And Engineers LC326 german for mathematicians and Engineers. Basic Information. Department,Known as, LC326. Session and Semester, Both Semesters, 2001 2002. http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/info/syllabus/0102/lc326.html

Department of Electronics and Computer Science About ECS Admissions Info Research ... Contact ECS LC326 German for Mathematicians and Engineers Basic Information Department Known as Session and Semester Both Semesters, 2001 - 2002 Credit 20 Credit Points Unit Leader Mrs U Ross, Outside of University (Contact through M Teremetz) Study 2 hours minimum per week Assessment Examination 60%, Coursework 40% Coursework See note below Teaching 3 hours contact time per week Referral On referral, this unit will be assessed by examination, with the original coursework mark being carried forward. There are no referrals in the third year. There are no referrals in the fourth year. External Examiner Syllabus Approved Description Aims Development of the following skills: The ability to read and understand German technical texts. Ability to write clear and accurate German, concentrate on reports/summaries and correspondence. Ability to understand lectures/interviews in Germany on technical subjects. Ability to discuss technical matters in German. Topics Covered Semester 1 Emphasis will be refreshing knowledge of fundamental aspects of the language and preliminary work with shorter technical texts.

65. Mathematicians For a more complete list of mathematicians, click on index of mathematicians. MichaelStifel, german, 14871567, Arithmetica integra (Al). http://members.fortunecity.com/kokhuitan/mathematicians.html

Great Mathematicians and Their Achievements Mathematics exist before 1900 BC, in great civilizations everywhere, including China, India, Babylon etc. However, the first record of Mathematical manuscripts is found in Egypt, namely, the Moscow Papyrus and the Rhind Papyrus. In the 'Achievement' column below, the notations are as follows: AG = Analytic Geometry Al = Algebra Ar = Arithmetic As = Astronomy C = Calculus DE = Differential Equation FM = Foundation of Mathematics G = Geometry GT = Group Theory L = Logic M = Mechanics N = Number Theory P = Probability RM = Recreational Mathematics S = Statistic ST = Set Theory T = Topology The list here is not exhaustive. The mathematicians listed here are either pioneers in various fields of Mathematics, or those who have contributed to almost all fields, or those who have settled unsolved problems. For a more complete list of mathematicians, click on index of mathematicians Name Nationality Year Achievements Egyptian 1900 BC Moscow Papyrus (25 problems on G Ahmes Egyptian 1700 BC Rhind Papyrus (84 problems on Ar, Al, G

66. History Of Mathematics Links: Sites Relating To Individual Mathematicians substantial numbers of mathematicians are listed under Biographies of mathematicians,and under Adam Ries (in german); The John Dee Society; The Galileo Project http://www.maths.tcd.ie/pub/HistMath/Links/People.html

History of Mathematics Links: Sites relating to Individual Mathematicians The following sites or sections of sites relate to the life and work of individual mathematicians. Other sites which provide biographical information on substantial numbers of mathematicians are listed under Biographies of Mathematicians , and under Biographies of Scientists The listing below is in approximately chronological order. Euclid's Elements (David E. Joyce, Clark University) The Visual Elements of Euclid (Ralph Abraham) ... The Work of Robert Langlands Back to: History of Mathematics Links The History of Mathematics Maintained by David R. Wilkins dwilkins@maths.tcd.ie School of Mathematics Trinity College, Dublin

67. Mathematics At The German Technical University Some wellknown mathematicians also tried to become teachers or professors at theGerman Technical University in Brno for example, Matyá¹ Lerch, Hans Hahn http://www.math.muni.cz/~sisma/English/enmatem.html

Mathematics at the German Technical University Mathematics at the German Technical University in Brno This is a part of my lecture in 5. Tagung der Fachsektion Geschichte der Mathematik - Schmochtitz bei Bautzen, Germany (June, 1999). Teaching of descriptive geometry at the German Technical University in Brno English translation of the Czech paper in Události na VUT v Brnì.

68. Images Of Mathematicians On Postage Stamps Highquality scans of postage stamps from around the world picturing famous mathematicians.Category Science Math mathematicians Directories...... ARCHIMEDES. Issued by the german Democratic Republic on Nov. 13, 1973. Issuedby Poland on Nov. 23, 1982, part of a series mathematicians banach.jpg. http://jeff560.tripod.com/

Images of Mathematicians on Postage Stamps RECENT CHANGES: On March 15, a Spanish stamp depicting Archimedes was added, a stamp issued by the Netherlands depicting De Witt was added, a 1961 stamp issued by the Soviet Union depicting workers studying mathematics was added, a 1978 Finnish stamp commemorating the Internation Congress of Mathematicians was added, and bernoulli.jpg, imk.jpg, lagrange.jpg, leibniz1.jpg, leibniz2.jpg, luxembourg2000.jpg, nunes.jpg, and huygens1.jpg were replaced with better scans. Thanks to Bert Jagers for these images. Also on March 15, workers2.jpg, newton46.jpg, newton47.jpg, huygens3.jpg, descartes8.jpg, and descartes9.jpg were added. Thanks to Brigitte Vallee for these images. ABEL, Niels Henrik. Issued by Norway on April 6, 1929, upon the death centenary abel1.jpg abel2.jpg abel3.jpg abel4.jpg ; issued by Norway on June 5, 2002, on the two-hundredth anniversary of his birth abel5.jpg abel6.jpg ; a coin issued by Norway in 2002 on the 200th anniversary of his birth abel7.jpg

69. Famous Mathematicians (Reference) The following list contains some of the great mathematicians through history. Einstein,Albert (1879–1955); german; Geometry, Infinity. http://teachervision.com/lesson-plans/lesson-4360.html

Explore Our Sites... Family Education Network Home Shop at PearsonAtSchool SchoolCash PARENTS FamilyEducation MySchoolOnline TEACHERS TeacherVision Quiz Lab MyGradeBook MySchoolOnline REFERENCE Infoplease Fact Monster KIDS FEkids FunBrain Fact Monster TEENS FEteens Teacher Home Lesson Planning Center Lesson Plans ... Help Famous Mathematicians From Hands-On Math Projects with Real-Life Applications The following list contains some of the great mathematicians through history. It offers dates, ethnic origins, and major fields of study. Ahmes (about 1650 B.C.); Egyptian; Geometry. Grade Levels: Related Topics: History of mathematics Mathematicians Related Themes: Biographies Math Printer-Friendly Version Subject Areas Literature Mathematics Music Technology Science Special Needs Social Studies New Teacher Quizzes Worksheets Newsletters Book Samples ... Privacy

70. Worldwide Job Market For Mathematicians of the labour market for Mathematiciansin Switzerland (in german) www.math-jobs.ch; How to apply for...... www.mathjobs.ch; http://www.math-jobs.com/others.html

www.math-jobs.com Worldwide Job Market for Mathematicians (including Statisticians, OR-Specialists, Actuaries, Econometricians) Suggest a site / report broken link How to apply for a job Receive Job-Advertisements via E-Mail free of Charge Are you running a job market for Mathematicians? ... Europe International sites All areas www.math-jobs.com www.math-jobs.com Only academic Positions All areas in academic life www.math-jobs.com Combinatorics Jobs British Combinatorial Committee Postdoc-Positions PhDs.Org Probability The Probability Web Technical and IT Computing, Technology and (Non-Finance-)OR www.math-jobs.com Mostly academic in applied math (numerics) Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics Africa South Africa Statistics South African Statistical Association America Canada Academic Positions Canadian Mathematical Society Statistics Statistical Society of Canada Statistics Association des statisticiennes et statisticiens du Quebec USA All areas www.math-jobs.us How to post a job www.math-jobs.us How to apply for a job in the US as a Mathematician Pure and applied math in the NSA National Security Agency Risk and Insurance American Risk and Insurance Association Academic and industry Department of Statistics, University of Florida

71. SECOND GERMAN MEETING Of The EWM goals and the legalization process; communication and networks; the situation ofwomen mathematicians from what was formerly the german Democratic Republic. http://www.risc.uni-linz.ac.at/misc-info/ewm/newsletter/news1/node6.html

Next: SECOND SWEDISH CONFERENCE on Up: EUROPEAN WOMEN IN MATHEMATICS Previous: EMS COMMITTEE ON WOMEN SECOND GERMAN MEETING of the EWM The program consisted of mathematical talks, general discussions on ``women in mathematics'' related topics and working sessions. The mathematical program was open to a wider public consisting of students, guests, faculty members - both men and women. The final mathematical program was: Judita Cofman (Erlangen): On the role of problem solving in math classes. Karin Erdmann (Oxford, GB): Representation of groups and algebras. Helena Nusse (Groningen, NL): Transient chaos, chaotic saddles and Wada basin bounderies. Angela Stevens (Heidelberg): Simulation and mathematical modeling of sliding mechanisms of myxobacteria. Besides this mathematical part of the meeting a large amount of time was devoted to topics concerning women mathematicians in the society and especially in sciences. Discussions took place in plenary sessions and in small working teams. The main topics were official programs supporting women in sciences; (unofficial) actions at the faculty level; career and/versus family; sexual annoyance at work; the EWM: organization, goals and the legalization process; communication and networks; the situation of women mathematicians from what was formerly the German Democratic Republic.

72. Maths@work - Famous Mathematicians 188594. Educated erratically in various german towns as the familymoved around following a series of business failures. 1895. http://www.mathsatwork.com/famous_mathematicians/einstein.html

Albert Einstein 1879-1955 . Born in Ulm, Bavaria, on March 14th. His father was an unsuccessful chemical engineer. . Educated erratically in various German towns as the family moved around following a series of business failures. . Studied at the Aarau Gymnasium, Switzerland. . Studied at the Eidgenossiche Technische Hochschule in Munich with the intention of entering teaching. . Completed studies and took Swiss nationality. . Appointed examiner as Swiss Patent Office, unable to get work as a school teacher because he was Jewish. . Married Mileva Maric, a Serbian, who bore him two sons. . Published 'Special Theory of Relativity.' Received doctorate from the University of Zurich for a dissertation on molecular dimensions. . Awarded special professorship at Zurich. . Became professor at the German University in Prague. . Appointed professor at the Zurich Polytechnic. . Appointed director of Kaiser Wilhelm Physical Institute in Berlin and member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences. . Published General Theory of Relativity. . Divorced from Mileva. Married his cousin Elsa. . The deviation of light due to the mass of the sun observed during the solar eclipse of this year confirmed the General Theory. This made 'relativity' a household word and brought Einstein world wide fame. He used this fame to put his name behind causes such as Pacifism and Zionism. . Became a target for night wingers and anti-semites in Germany.

73. Emmy Noether not. One of these women mathematicians was germanborn Emmy Noether.Emmy Noether was born in Erlangen, germany on March 23, 1882. http://www.agnesscott.edu/lriddle/women/noether.htm

Emmy Noether March 23, 1882 - April 14, 1935 Written by Mandie Taylor, Class of 1998 (Agnes Scott College) Traditionally, people consider mathematicians to be men. This, however, is not entirely true. Throughout history, there have been many women mathematicians who have contributed just as much as their male-counterparts. Even though their names might have been forgotten, their contributions to mathematics have not. One of these women mathematicians was German-born Emmy Noether. Emmy Noether was born in Erlangen, Germany on March 23, 1882. She was named Amalie, but always called "Emmy". She was the eldest of four children, but one of only two that survived childhood. Her brother, Fritz also made a career of mathematics. Her father was Max Noether, a noted mathematician of his time. Her mother was Ida Amalie, for whom Emmy was named. As a child, Emmy Noether did not concentrate on mathematics. She spent her time in school studying languages, with a concentration on French and English. Her mother taught her the traditional skills of a young woman of that time. She learned to cook, clean, and play the clavier. At the time of her graduation from high school, she passed a test that allowed her to teach both French and English at schools for young women. At the age of 18, Emmy Noether decided to take classes in mathematics at the University of Erlangen. Her brother, Fritz, was a student there, and her father was a professor of mathematics. Because she was a woman, the university refused to let Emmy Noether take classes They granted her permission to audit classes. She sat in on classes for two years, and then took the exam that would permit her to be a doctoral student in mathematics. She passed the test, and finally was a student in good standing at the University. After five more years of study, she was granted the second degree to a woman in the field of mathematics. The first graduated a year earlier.

74. Untitled Deutsche MathematikerVereinigung DMV (german Society of mathematicians)Speaker Prof. Grötschel. The next goals of the society http://www.iuk-initiative.org/980316-hh/iukhpr-e.htm

Minutes of the final meeting Workshop of the Electronic Information and Communication Initiative (IuK) of the German Professional Scientific Societies, 16.-18.03.1998 in Hamburg "Integrated Scientific Information Systems" Important conclusions from the workshop are The IuK-Cooperation of the learned societies plays an increasingly important role in building up an integrated information-and communication culture in Germany. In its conferences, it provides for the exchange of experience, conceptions, strategies and possible solutions. It provides a forum for the international interchange of ideas. It provides a wide range of ideas for the participating learned societies and for a general public consisting of scholars/ scientists, librarians, documentalists and persons active in education administration. It supports coordination between the learned societies, libraries, and professional information providers. It supports Global-Info substantially and encourages the formation of new supporting programmes. It generates considerable synergy-effects.

75. Mathematicians During The Third Reich And World War II mathematicians feel that Bieberbach could not have honestly held the views he did,rather the feeling is that he was ambitious to become the leader of german http://wwwzenger.informatik.tu-muenchen.de/persons/huckle/mathwar.html

Mathematicians during the Third Reich and World War II Prof. Thomas Huckle huckle@in.tum.de Last modified: February/25/2002 Died Imprisoned Hidden Emigration ... General Information Died: Banach, Stefan: In Lvov good terms with Russian occupation troops 1939. Returned from Kiev to Lvov after German invasion of Russia. Worked feeding lice in German institute dealing with infectious diseases, until July 1944 when Russain troops retook Lvov. Was already seriuosly ill, died 1945 of lung cancer. Berwald, Ludwig: Dismissed 1939 in Prague; Deportation by Gestapo to Lodz where he died in April 1942. Blumenthal, Otto: dismissed 1939 from Aachen and - for a short while - kept in "protective custody". In 1939 he went to Holland. When the Netherlands had fallen, he refused the help of Dutch friends and was deported to Theresienstadt where he died 1944. Dickstein, Samuel: Died in the Nazi bombing of Warsaw in 1939. Epstein, Paul: Frankfurt 1919 until 1935, suicide after summon from Gestapo August 1939. Froehlich, Walter:

76. Jesuit Mathematicians And Jesuit Scientists The enthusiasm Russian mathematicians have always shown for his work is recentlybeing Clavius, SJ (15381612) A 1982 Vatican stamp shows the german Jesuit who http://www.faculty.fairfield.edu/jmac/sj/sjscient.htm

A PHILATELIC DISPLAY OF THE JESUIT MISSION Jesuit Mathematicians, Scientists and Astronomers The fact that eighty countries of the world have found that the Jesuit impact on these countries deserves commemorative stamps is an emphatic endorsement of world-wide interest in Jesuits. A few copies of the hundreds of stamps concerning Jesuit apostolates have been selected and displayed on these pages. They are arranged in eight different categories with as many stamps on a page as could reasonably fit. The narratives for the stamps derive from sources such as The Jesuit Annuarium (Yearbook) and Bangert's History of the Society of Jesus. Some Jesuits fall into several categories so are mentioned more than once as long as there were different stamps for the different categories. Unfortunately many Jesuits who deserve mention were never honored by stamps. So, while this collection is not an exhaustive history of the Jesuit Society, it does indicate the world-wide interest in Jesuits. Pozzo's celebrated fresco on the ceiling of St. Ignatius provides a fitting introduction. (Joseph F. MacDonnell, S.J.) Part 1 Mathematics and Science 1. Christopher Clavius, S.J. (1538-1612)

77. The German Enigma Cipher Machine - History Of Solving elimination from the Enigma picture of what was prerequisite to its very existencethe mastering by Polish mathematicians of the german secret machine cipher http://home.us.net/~encore/Enigma/text.html

Main Contents History of Solving Timetable Polish Cryptographers Links ... Enigma F.A.Q. Movies and Books Reviews "U-571" Movie Review "Enigma" Movie Review Books Reviews Buy the Books and SAVE! Largest Books Selection! School Project Resources K-6 Comments Send your Comments! Read the Comments Email THE ORIGINS OF THE ENIGMA/ULTRA OPERATION by Dr. Wladyslaw Kozaczuk T he inter-allied intelligence operation Enigma - wrote a prominent American historian of cryptography - was "the greatest secret of World War II after the atom bomb" . The breaking of the sophisticated German machine cipher was the most spectacular event, in terms of difficulty and far-reaching consequences, in the entire history of secret writing. Operation Enigma was one of powerful weapons of the anti-Nazi war coalition but in contrast of to the atomic energy, which itself had come to light in the terrific holocaust of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August, 1945, the secrets of the Enigma remained hidden and unknown to the public for the next almost three decades. Its details has been emerging only fragment by fragment from the darkness in which the governments concerned have felt it better to keep them.

78. The German Enigma Cipher Machine - History Of Solving ac.uk/history/mathematicians/Mazurkiewicz.html See also mathematicians born in Germannavy begins using Enigma Machine, lightly modified of the commercial http://home.us.net/~encore/Enigma/chronology.html

Please Note: This Timetable is UNDER CONSTRUCTION! ENIGMA TIMETABLE Date ENIGMA Poland World About December 1917 Dutchman Hugo Alexander Koch patented a machine: "that steel wires on pulleys, levers, rays of light, or air, water, or oil flowing through tubes could transmit the enciphering impulse as well as electricity did". (6) February 18, 1918 Arthur Scherbius files for a patent for Enigma Cipher Machine (Patentschrift Nr. 416291). Before Scherbius had bought the rights to the Koch's Patent, he was working on his own version of the cipher machines. After that he incorporated the new findings from the Koch's Patent into his own machine. April 18, 1918 Arthur Scherbius offers Enigma Machine to the German Navy. November 11, 1918 Poland was declared an independent republic. World War I ends. Polish Army had decided to form a section responsible for the intelligence, inteception, and cryptology. 27-year old engineer and polyglot pulkownik (7) Jan Kowalewski had became a head of this section. In the early twenties, in the cryptology section in the Polish Army...

79. Virtual Bletchley Park The Breaking of Enigma by the Polish mathematicians. Poland. As german militarypower increased during the 1920's, the Poles felt threatened and vulnerable http://www.codesandciphers.org.uk/virtualbp/poles/poles.htm

Virtual Bletchley Park by Tony Sale Tony Sale's Codes and Ciphers The Breaking of Enigma by the Polish Mathematicians Poland As German military power increased during the 1920's, the Poles felt threatened and vulnerable, situated as they were between two powerful nations, Germany to the West and Russia to the East. In order to discover the intentions of their potential enemies, they resorted to intelligence gathering. They had a long tradition of this and particularly of code breaking. The modern use of Radio allowed them to intercept enemy Radio transmissions without revealing their intelligence activities. From 1928 onward Polish Intelligence intercepted German Radio transmissions using a new cipher system which was eventually identified as coming from an Enigma machine. Polish Intelligence had obtained examples of the commercial Enigma machine but quickly found that the German Enigma was different in detail from the commercial version. The Polish Mathematicians Polish Intelligence were initially unable to break the German Enigma traffic, however driven by the imperative of finding what the Germans were up to, they, uniquely among other nations at that time, decided to try a mathematical approach. In 1932 a team of young mathematicians was set up. It included Jerzy Rozycki, Henryk Zygalski and Marian Rejewski (all of whom were products of the notable flowering of Polish mathematics in the 1920s and 1930s).

80. Enigma ENIGMA It has been 60 years now since Polish mathematicians broke the system ofthe german Enigma, probably one of the most famous cipher machines in the http://www.poland-embassy.org.uk/events/enigma.htm

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