1. Scientific American: Feature Article: Japanese Temple Geometry: May 1998 Japanese Mathematical History In Japanese the word wasan exists, it is used to refer to Japanese mathematics. Wassan is meant to stand in opposition to western mathematics, yosan. seventeenth century that definite historical records exist of japanese mathematicians. The first of these is Kambei http://www2.gol.com/users/coynerhm/0598rothman.html

Japanese Temple Geometry During Japan's period of national seclusion (16391854), native mathematics thrived, as evidenced in sangaku wooden tablets engraved with geometry problems hung under the roofs of shrines and temples by Tony Rothman , with the cooperation of Hidetoshi Fukagawa SUBTOPICS: Pleasing the Kami Wasan versus ... Spheres within Ellipsoids SIDEBAR: Works of Art Typical sangaku Problems ... RELATED LINKS Of the world's countless customs and traditions, perhaps none is as elegant, nor as beautiful, as the tradition of sangaku , Japanese temple geometry. From 1639 to 1854, Japan lived in strict, self-imposed isolation from the West. Access to all forms of occidental culture was suppressed, and the influx of Western scientific ideas was effectively curtailed. During this period of seclusion, a kind of native mathematics flourished. Devotees of math, evidently samurai, merchants and farmers, would solve a wide variety of geometry problems, inscribe their efforts in delicately colored wooden tablets and hang the works under the roofs of religious buildings. These sangaku , a word that literally means mathematical tablet, may have been acts of homagea thanks to a guiding spiritor they may have been brazen challenges to other worshipers: Solve this one if you can! For the most part

2. Japanese Theorem -- From MathWorld According to an ancient custom of japanese mathematicians, this theorem was a Sangaku problem inscribed on tablets hung http://mathworld.wolfram.com/JapaneseTheorem.html

Geometry Plane Geometry Circles Geometry ... Polygons Japanese Theorem Let a convex cyclic polygon be triangulated in any manner, and draw the incircle to each triangle so constructed. Then the sum of the inradii is a constant independent of the triangulation chosen. This theorem can be proved using Carnot's theorem . In the above figures, for example, the inradii of the left triangulation are 0.142479, 0.156972, 0.232307, 0.498525, and the inradii of the right triangulation are 0.157243, 0.206644, 0.312037, 0.354359, giving a sum of 1.03028 in each case. According to an ancient custom of Japanese mathematicians, this theorem was a Sangaku problem inscribed on tablets hung in a Japanese temple to honor the gods and the author in 1800 (Johnson 1929). The converse is also true: if the sum of inradii does not depend on the triangulation of a polygon , then the polygon is cyclic Carnot's Theorem Cyclic Polygon Incircle ... Triangulation References Hayashi, T. "Sur un soi-disant théorème chinois." Mathesis Honsberger, R.

3. Scientific American: Feature Article: Japanese Temple Geometry: May 1998 there are now quite a number of japanese mathematicians, but in those days, we had few colleagues. http://www2.gol.com/users/coynerhm/0598rothman_ans1.html

Answers to Sangaku Problems The original solution to this problem applies the Japanese version of the Descartes circle theorem several times. The answer given here, though, was obtained by using the inversion method, which was unknown to the Japanese mathematicians of that era. Because the method of inversion is generally not taught in American math courses, let us first review the technique and state without proof the results needed to solve the problem. Inversion is an operation generally defined with respect to a circle, call it S , with a radius k and a center T . The point T is called the center of inversion. Let P be any point in the plane containing S , and let TP be the legnth joining points T and P If P' is the inverse of P with respect to S , then TP (TP') = r In other words, r is the geometric mean of the lengths TP and TP' . The reason is that by construction, triangles TAP' and TAP are similar and so TP/r = r/TP' or TP (TP') = r Not only pointsbut entire figurescan be inverted. Each point P on the original inverts to P' on the inversion. The following four theorems apply to a circle

4. CRV Mathematicians Cooperate! Why Not Remote Viewers? He was aided by japanese mathematicians Shimura and Taniyama work performed earlier in the 1950's. http://www.crviewer.com/crviewer/crvpage/articles/alanzo.htm

5. Gossips And Rumors Gossips and Rumors among japanese mathematicians It seems that it will be a veryinteresting conference, and many japanese mathematicians will attend it. http://w3rep.math.h.kyoto-u.ac.jp/topicse.html

Gossips and Rumors among Japanese Mathematicians... Prof. Peter Slodowy died last November (2002/11). May his soul rest in peace. [Tue Mar 18 16:31:41 JST 2003] 2001 MSJ Awards of Algebra went to Tamotsu Ikeda (Kyoto Univ.) and Toshiaki Shoji (Science Univ. Tokyo). Congratulations!! Yasuyuki Kawahigashi won the first award of operator algebra also. [Tue Apr 3 14:37:30 JST 2001] Li-Paul-Tan-Zhu Langlands parameter (for p + q <= n ). This is the end of the similar works for type I dual pairs (by Moeglin, Adamas, Barbasch, and Paul) for "equal rank case". Although the description is quite complicated, these works seem to settle the problem of describing explicit theta correspondence considerably. [Fri Dec 8 18:13:47 JST 2000] There is an internatinal conference in honor of Prof. Schiffmann in January, 2001, in Strassbourg. It seems that it will be a very interesting conference, and many Japanese mathematicians will attend it. [Sat Dec 9 22:02:33 JST 2000] Prof. Mukai (Nagoya Univ.) has written two books on moduli theory (or geometric invariant theory) in Japanese. And now it is being translated into English. The contents are full of examples and very fascinating. There is no introductory textbook in geometric invariant theory other than Mumford-Forgaty-Kirwin (if one can call it a textbook). A book for beginners in this field is expected for a long time, to my impression, and now it will soon be available!! [Sat Dec 9 21:55:52 JST 2000] Encyclopedia of Mathematics (edited by MSJ) will be revised (4th edition) in next 4 or 5 years. It will become more comprehensive (^^;;) and the contents will be upgraded to certain extent.

6. Web Server Of RT Rumors and interests of japanese mathematicians. Update 03Apr-01;Ruby Diamond New Books. Please inform what you find interesting. http://w3rep.math.h.kyoto-u.ac.jp/indexeh.html

Introduction What's new!! Papers Topics ... Links Last Update : 18-Mar-03 For Japanese version, CLICK HERE!! At last, we are comming back! Because of the crash of HDD, it took almost three months to recover this site. Since we have changed the http-engine, some pages have minor errors, I guess. The Menu of this site. Workshop in honor of Prof. T. Hirai Update : 13-Feb-02 The mark of ruby diamond means that it is ready to serve. The mark of blue sphere means that it is under construction. What is Representation Theory? (For non-experts.) What's New in this page. Update : 08-Nov-96 Meetings, Seminars and Visitors, mainly in Japan. This month (Japan) This month (Oversea) Update : 18-Mar-03 Papers and preprints on Representation Theory. We will appreciate your contributions. Update : 18-Jul-02 Topics in Representation Theory. Rumors and interests of Japanese mathematicians. Update : 18-Mar-03 New Books. Please inform what you find interesting. Update : 02-Aug-02 Links on Mathematics. Update : 03-Jul-02 Maps to Kyoto University.

7. Math Forum - Ask Dr. Math edition, 1960) on the ancient custom by japanese mathematicians of inscribing their discoveries on tablets which were http://mathforum.com/library/drmath/view/52583.html

Associated Topics Dr. Math Home Search Dr. Math Japanese Mathematics Date: 02/15/2001 at 15:03:53 From: Kimberly Resendez Subject: Japanese Mathematics I am a pre-service teacher at Tarleton State University, and I have to do a presentation on Japanese mathematics. Do you know of any resources that I can use to find information on my topic? I looked in the archives and found an article about Kumon math, but I would like to have more information on the general subject of Japanese mathematics. Can you offer any suggestions or ideas? Date: 02/17/2001 at 09:42:11 From: Doctor Jordi Subject: Re: Japanese Mathematics Hello, Kimberly. Thanks for writing to Dr. Math. I'm not really sure what you want to know about Japanese mathematics. If you want to know about modern teaching trends there, the article you already found is a great starting point and has numerous references itself which must be in turn cross-referenced themselves. It's here: Kumon Math http://mathforum.org/dr.math/problems/boyer3.24.96.html If you want to know about the history of mathematics in Japan, here is a page from the MacTutor Math History archives that may help you: References for Takakazu Seki http://www-groups.dcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/~history/References/Seki.html

8. Japanese Mathematical History age. It is not until the start of the seventeenth century that definitehistorical records exist of japanese mathematicians. The http://www.sunnyblue.net/tp/sangaku/jap_mat.html

Japanese History (1603-) Japanese Mathematics Sangaku Interactive Examples Japanese Mathematical History In Japanese the word wasan exists, it is used to refer to Japanese mathematics. Wassan is meant to stand in opposition to western mathematics, yosan.

9. Conclusion japanese mathematicians, however, only considered the mathematical interestof magic squares. Thus it was easier for japanese mathematicians http://ccms.nkfust.edu.tw/~jochi/conc.htm

é’n@–Î Conclusion Shigeru Jochi Back to ICMAOSK Back to Home Page Back to Japanese Home Page Back to Chinese Home Page ... Back to English Home Page

10. JAMI Pages Have Moved Since the late 1950s, the department has entertained a steady flow of young japanese mathematicians and students. http://www.math.jhu.edu/brochure1.html

Japan-U.S. Mathematics Institute (JAMI) Department of Mathematics Johns Hopkins University Pages have been moved to http://mathnt.mat.jhu.edu/JAMI98-99/jamibackground.htm . Please update your bookmarks. You will automatically be taken to the new location..... Please wait 15 seconds or click on the link above.

11. ICMAOSK Some Chinese mathematical books were republished and studied by japanese mathematicians,but these two books were not accessible to japanese mathematicians. http://ccms.nkfust.edu.tw/~jochi/c9.htm

¤¤°ê¼Æ¾Ç®Ñ¹ïö§µ©Mªº¼vÅT «°¦a¡@­Z The Influence of Chinese Mathematics Arts on Seki Kowa Shigeru Jochi ABSTRACT CONTENTS ABSTRACT¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E 3 INTRODUCTION 1 : THE STUDY OF EDITIONS The Shu Shu Jiu Zhang ¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E28 (a) Before completion of the Si Ku Quan Shu ¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E29 (b) From completion of the Si Ku Quan Shu to the publication of Yi-Jia-Tang Cong-Shu ¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E30 (c) After publication of the Yi-Jia-Tang Cong-Shu ¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E33 (d) Conclusion to section 1-1¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E34 (2) The Yang Hui Suan Fa ¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E35 (a) Versions of Qindetang press and its related editions¡E¡E¡E¡E37 (b) Versions of the Yong Le Da Dian Edition ¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E42 (c) Conclusion to section 1-2¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E45 Notes ¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E47 Diagram of manuscript tradition ¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E59 Biography of Ruan Yun and Li Rui ¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E62 2 : THE CONCEPTION AND EXTENSION OF METHOD FOR MAKING MAGIC SQUARE 3 : THE ANALYSIS FOR SOLVING INDETERMINATE EQUATIONS (1) Study history ¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E 148 (2) "The Sunzi Theorem" (Chinese Remainder Theorem)¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E 150 (a) In China¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E 150 (b) In Japan¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E¡E 156

12. The Johns Hopkins Gazette March 13, 2000 The JAMI program, inaugurated in 1988, continues the tradition of friendlyrelations and interaction with japanese mathematicians. http://www.jhu.edu/~gazette/2000/mar1300/13jami.html

March 13, 2000 VOL. 29, NO. 27 Mathematicians To Hold Annual Conference At Hopkins Mathematicians from around the world will meet at Homewood on Friday, March 17, for the start of a 10-day international conference, an annual event co-sponsored by the Mathematics Department and the Japan-U.S. Mathematics Institute, known as JAMI. This year's conference will focus on recent progress in homotopy theory. The conference aims to facilitate interaction between the mathematicians working in homotopy theory, which is a branch of algebraic topology, and to allow them discuss recent developments. The JAMI program, inaugurated in 1988, continues the tradition of friendly relations and interaction with Japanese mathematicians. JAMI also has attracted the attention of European mathematicians, and consequently, the yearly conference has attained an international scale with scholars from Europe joining the American and Japanese participants. The conference is part of a semester-long special program that has attracted 11 visitors from Japan, who are staying for one to three months. Because of them and the strength of the department in homotopy theory, Johns Hopkins attracts faculty on leave in the field. Consequently, nine non-Japanese also have taken up residence in the Department of Mathematics during the three-month period. The program is organized by J. Michael Boardman, Don Davis, Jean-Pierre Meyer, Jack Morava, Goro Nishida, W. Stephen Wilson and Nobuaki Yagita with grants from the National Science Foundation and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.

13. Autobiography J. Fang other hand, I owed a mountain of debt to the entire community of japanese mathematicians, led by Iyanaga Shokitchi (b. http://www.cnu.edu/phil/resources/autobiography.html

Philosophy Homepage Courses Schedule Registrar ... Contact Us Reference: J. Fang, Learning, East and West These are a few of his published works since 1945; which may help explain the nature of Learning, East and West, through his ‘intellectual journey’ ending with it (and a series of related works, forthcoming, including Docta Ignorantia, American Style, to appear late in 2002) Works by J. Fang in Chronological Order The Tragedy of Korea by F.A. McKenzie (tr. in Korean; Seoul, 1945). Right after the end of WW II (on 8.15), when there was hardly any paper to print anything, my cousin (editor of a left-leaning Seoul newspaper) helped me publish the above if only to prove what had been going on in the name of Korean intellectual ‘anti-Japanese’ movement during the pre-War years.   The English political reporter’s book was all about the ‘tragedy’ of Korea long before her annexation to Japan in 1910, then into the 1920s. And the ‘new Korean’ (way of spelling in phonetic alphabet – a revised version of the old, originally created in 14 th C., which H.G. Wells called the world’s best, most ‘scientific’ and the simplest) for my translation was the one, which had been devised for the new, forthcoming age, by the Korean Language Society, in itself a patriotic underground movement, some members of which died, or spent many years, in Japanese prisons.

14. Headlines@Hopkins: Johns Hopkins University News Releases is cosponsored by the Department of Mathematics and the Japan-US Mathematics Institute(JAMI), an exchange program that allows japanese mathematicians to come http://www.jhu.edu/news_info/news/home95/mar95/math.html

Headlines @Hopkins News by Topic News by School Events Open to the Public Blue Jay Sports Search the Site Contacting News Staff Receive News Via Email Resources for Journalists Faculty Experts Faculty and Administrator Photos Faculty with Homepages Hopkins in the News JHUniverse Homepage News Release Office of News and Information 212 Whitehead Hall / 3400 N. Charles Street Baltimore, Maryland 21218-2692 Phone: (410) 516-7160 / Fax (410) 516-5251 March 21, 1995 FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE CONTACT: Emil Venere esv@resource.ca.jhu.edu Hopkins Hosts International Math Conference Mathematicians from around the world will meet at The Johns Hopkins University on March 31 for an annual four-day conference. The theme of this year's conference is linear and non-linear scattering, a popular area of specialty that has many theoretical as well as physical applications, including quantum mechanics. The annual conference is co-sponsored by the Department of Mathematics and the Japan-U.S. Mathematics Institute (JAMI), an exchange program that allows Japanese mathematicians to come to Hopkins to do research and become acquainted with math professors here. The program will be preceded on Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday by an informal workshop dealing with scattering theory. The actual conference begins Friday, March 31, and continues through Monday. About 20 mathematicians will deliver lectures, which will be held in 205 Krieger Hall.

15. An Old Japanese Problem Geometry, first published in 1929 he reports (on page 193 of the Dover edition,1960) on the ancient custom by japanese mathematicians of inscribing their http://www.cut-the-knot.com/proofs/jap.shtml

CTK Exchange Front Page Movie shortcuts Personal info ... Recommend this site An Old Japanese Theorem In Roger Johnson's marvellous old geometry text- Advanced Euclidean Geometry , first published in 1929 - he reports (on page 193 of the Dover edition, 1960) on the ancient custom by Japanese mathematicians of inscribing their discoveries on tablets which were hung in the temples to the glory of the gods and the honor of the authors. The following gem is known to have been exhibited in this way in the year 1800. Let a convex polygon , which is inscribed in a circle, be triangulated by drawing all the diagonals from one of the vertices, and let the inscribed circle be drawn in each of the triangles. Then the sum of the radii of all these circles is a constant which is independent of which vertex is used to form the triangulation (Figure 1). A great deal more might have been claimed, for this same sum results for every way of triangulating the polygon! (Figure 2). As we shall see, a simple application of a beautiful theorem of L. N. M. Carnot

16. A Decade Of A Context-Sensitive Machine Translation System A Decad of a ContextSensitive Machine Translation System - Twojapanese mathematicians' Approach -. 0. Introduction. In 1986 http://www1.rsp.fukuoka-u.ac.jp/chosho/decade_e.html

î•ñ”ŠwŒ¤‹†Žº ŽÄ“cŸªŒ¤‹†Žº A Decad of a Context-Sensitive Machine Translation System - Two Japanese Mathematicians' Approach - 0. Introduction. In 1986, (deceded) Toshio Ueno published a 315-line BASIC program of English-Japanese translation program [1], which can translate English sentences such as "This is a book which I bought yesterday." into the corresponding nice Japanese sentences. Ueno's program fascinated thousands of amateur machine translationists, among others the present author. The characteristics of Ueno's translation program is the integration of analysis part and generation part, which is a recursive procedure of local phrase translations. (to be continued) 1. The third generation free translation system. 2. The choice rules for the candidates of a translated word. 3. Context information. 3.1. The data. 3.2. Translation examples. 4. Dictionary architecture. 5. As a subject in the university education. 6. The first and the second language aquisition. > [1] T. Ueno: English-Japanese Translation Program for PC-9801 MS-DOS (in Japanese), PC Magajin, March (1986), p.71-88.

17. ŽÄ“c Ÿª Œ¤‹†Žº ƒz[ƒ€ƒy[ƒW A Decade of a ContextSensitive Machine Translation System Twojapanese mathematicians' Approach to be written up shortly. http://www1.rsp.fukuoka-u.ac.jp/

For the English version (under construction), click here! Sorry! This page is yet essentially in Japanese. •Ÿ‰ª‘åŠw —Šw•” ‰ž—p”Šw‰È î•ñ”ŠwŒ¤‹†Žº •Ÿ‰ª‘åŠw —Šw•” ŽÄ“cŒ¤‹†Žº l–Ú‚Ì‚²–K–â‚ ‚肪‚Æ‚¤‚²‚´‚¢‚Ü‚·B (•½¬‚X”N‚SŒŽ‚V“ú‚æ‚èƒJƒEƒ“ƒgŠJŽn) Q •Ÿ‰ª‘åŠw —Šw•” ‰ž—p”Šw‰È î•ñ”ŠwŒ¤‹†Žº ‚±‚ñ‚É‚¿‚́BŽÄ“c Ÿª ‚Å‚·BŽ„‚ÌŒ¤‹†Žº‚Ì‘åŠw‰@¶i•½¬‚P‚O”N‚RŒŽ‚É‘²‹Æj‚Ì‹v•ÄŽOŠì•vŒN‚ªA‚±‚̃z[ƒ€ƒy[ƒW‚ðì‚Á‚Ä‚­‚ê‚Ü‚µ‚½BŽ„‚̓eƒLƒXƒgƒtƒ@ƒCƒ‹Œ´e‚̃tƒƒbƒs[ƒfƒBƒXƒN‚ð‹v•ÄŒN‚É“n‚µ‚½‚¾‚¯‚ŁA‚ ‚Æ‚Í‹v•ÄŒN‚ª html‰»‚⃌ƒCƒAƒEƒg‚È‚Ç‘S‚Ä‚â‚Á‚Ä‚­‚ꂽ‚̂ŁAŽ©•ª‚ł͉½‚à‚µ‚È‚¢“à‚É‚½‚¢‚Ö‚ñ‚«‚ê‚¢‚ȃy[ƒW‚ªo—ˆã‚ª‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚āAŠì‚ñ‚Å‚¢‚Ü‚·B What's New ? ‚ðŒfÚ (2003.02.12)uŒ¾–â‚¢ƒ[ƒ‹‚Q‚U‚P†^‚ ‚í‚æ‚­‚΁EŽ –Ú‚ð•t‚¯‚¸v‚ðŒfÚ (2003.02.07)uŒ¾–â‚¢ƒ[ƒ‹‚Q‚U‚O†^–Ú“I‚ÍŽè’i‚𐳓–‰»‚µ‚È‚¢v‚ðŒfÚ (2003.02.05)uŒ¾–â‚¢ƒ[ƒ‹‚Q‚T‚X†^lŠÔ‚̐S‚É“­‚«‚©‚¯‚éƒEƒB[ƒ‹ƒXv‚ðŒfÚ uŒ¾–â‚¢ƒ[ƒ‹‚Q‚T‚W†^EŽq¥’†‰Ø–¯‘°“I遘üv ‚ðŒfÚ uŒ¾–â‚¢ƒ[ƒ‹‚Q‚T‚V†^EŽq‚Í’†‰Ø–¯‘°‚ÌŽ©–‚Å‚ ‚éHv ‚ðŒfÚ (2002.12.17)uŒ¾–â‚¢ƒ[ƒ‹‚Q‚T‚U†^ƒtƒBƒŠƒsƒ“‚ɑ΃eƒ—«Ž©‰qŠ¯‚ªio‚©HHv‚ðŒfÚ ŽÄ“cŒ¤‹†Žº ‚²ˆÄ“à Q •Ÿ‰ª‘åŠw —Šw•” ‰ž—p”Šw‰È î•ñ”ŠwŒ¤‹†Žº ‚²‘¶‚¶uŒ¾–â‚¢ƒ[ƒ‹v‚Ì‘W•Ò ‚Ü‚¢‚Ç!Œ¾–â‚¢’à‚Å‚·B

18. Kakutani The later war years were particularly difficult ones in Japan and many japanese mathematiciansfailed to keep their research going through the difficulties of http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Kakutani.html

Shizuo Kakutani Born: 28 Aug 1911 in Osaka, Japan Click the picture above to see a larger version Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index Shizuo Kakutani 's father, Kakujiro Kakutani, was a lawyer. Shizuo was the youngest of the two sons in the family, the eldest being Seiichi who was eight years older. Seiichi studied physics at Kyoto University and it was through him that Shizuo was first introduced to mathematics. When he was about nine years old his elder brother, on one of his frequent visits back to his home while he studied at university, would explain mathematical ideas to him. Shizuo was fascinated and was enthusiastic to learn more mathematics. However two factors conspired to make this impossible. The first problem was that Kakujiro Kakutani had made the decision that one of his two sons would follow him into law and take over his practice in due course. Clearly Seiichi was training to be a physicist and not studying law so Shizuo would have to be the one to follow his father. The mathematics lessons from Seiichi were tragically cut short when he died of typhoid fever at the age of twenty. After completing his middle school, Shizuo entered Konan High School in Kobe to prepare for his university studies. At this stage he had to choose between arts subjects or sciences and his father gave him no choice since studying law at university required him to graduate from high school which qualifications in literature and arts. By the time Shizuo graduated, his father relented seeing that his son was so keen to study mathematics at university. However, Shizuo was now not qualified to enter a mathematics course at either Tokyo University of Kyoto University since these had absolute rules regarding entry qualifications.

19. Shoda The war years were particularly difficult ones in Japan and many japanese mathematiciansfailed to keep their research going through these difficult times. http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Shoda.html

Kenjiro Shoda Born: 25 Feb 1902 in Tatebayashi, Gunma Prefecture, Japan Died: 20 March 1977 in Ashikaga, Japan Click the picture above to see a larger version Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index Kenjiro Shoda was born in Tatebayashi in the Gunma Prefecture of Japan but he underwent schooling in Tokyo until he completed middle school. There were academies in Japan for the brightest pupils with the task of preparing them for a university education. Shoda, after showing great talents at middle school, attended the Eighth National Senior High School in Nagoya. After graduating from the Eighth High School, Shoda entered Tokyo Imperial University (the title 'Imperial' would soon be dropped from the name of all Japanese universities) and there he was taught by Takagi . This was an exciting period to study at Tokyo University for Takagi had published his famous paper on class field theory in 1920. Takagi lectured on group theory, representation theory, Galois theory, and algebraic number theory. When Shoda was in his final undergraduate year, his studies were supervised by Takagi and he inspired Shoda to work on algebra. Shoda graduated from the Department of Mathematics at Tokyo University in 1925 and began his graduate studies under

20. JAMI Is Rapidly Developing An International Reputation, Both As A JAMI and operations have followed the original plan Each year we have selected aparticular field and invited several young japanese mathematicians working in http://mathnt.mat.jhu.edu/jami/programs.htm

JAMI is rapidly developing an international reputation, both as a mathematical center and as a focus for mathematical contact between Japan and the United States. The academic year Inaugural Conference (May 16-19, 1988) First Year Algebraic Analysis Second Year Algebraic K-Theory and Number Theory Third Year Complex Analysis and Algebraic Geometry Fourth Year Algebraic Topology and Conformal Field Theory Fifth Year Zeta Functions in Geometry and Number Theory Sixth Year Non-linear Elliptic and Parabolic Equations and Applications Seventh Year Linear and Non-linear Scattering Eighth Year Birational Geometry Ninth Year Elliptic Curves and their Applications ... Shimura Varieties and Automorphic Forms Fourteenth Year (2001-2002) Quantum Geometry in Dimensions 2 and 4 Fifteenth Year (2002-2003) January and March 6-16 Primes and Knots Sixteenth Year (2003-2004) Asymptotic and Effective Results in Complex Geometry

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