61. Physics Nobel Laureates 1975 - Today The first nobel prize in physics was awarded to Wilhelm Röntgen in 1901. The prizewas awarded jointly to bednorz, J. georg, Federal Republic of Germany http://www1.physik.tu-muenchen.de/~gammel/matpack/html/Chronics/physics_laureate

The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (Kungl. Vetenskapsakademien) Physics 1975 The prize was awarded jointly to: BOHR, AAGE, Denmark, Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen, MOTTELSON, BEN, Denmark, Nordita, Copenhagen, * 1926 (in Chicago, U.S.A.); and RAINWATER, JAMES, U.S.A., Columbia University, New York, NY, "for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection". Physics 1976 The prize was divided equally between: RICHTER, BURTON, U.S.A., Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, CA, TING, SAMUEL C. C., U.S.A., Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, (European Center for Nuclear Research, Geneva, Switzerland), "for their pioneering work in the discovery of a heavy elementary particle of a new kind". Physics 1977 The prize was divided equally between: ANDERSON, PHILIP W., U.S.A., Bell Laboratories,Murray Hill, NJ, MOTT, Sir NEVILL F., Great Britain, Cambridge University, Cambridge

62. Nobel Prize In Physics Winners 1999- nobel Prize in Physics Winners 19991901. 1987, The prize was awarded jointly toJ. georg bednorz and K. ALEXANDER MÜLLER for their important breakthrough in http://www.fizik.itu.edu.tr/eng/phy_nobel.html

Nobel Prize in Physics Winners 1999-1901 The prize was awarded jointly to: ZHORES ALFEROV , and HERBERT KROEMER for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and opto-electronics The prize was awarded jointly to: GERARDUS 'T HOOFT , and MARTINUS J.G. VELTMAN for elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics. The prize was awarded jointly to: ROBERT B. LAUGHLIN HORST L. STORMER and DANIEL C. TSUI for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations. The prize was awarded jointly to: STEVEN CHU CLAUDE COHEN-TANNOUDJI and WILLIAM D. PHILLIPS for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light. The prize was awarded jointly to: DAVID M. LEE DOUGLAS D. OSHEROFF and ROBERT C. RICHARDSON for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3. The prize was awarded for pioneering experimental contributions to lepton physics, with one half to: MARTIN L. PERL

63. CNN.com 1988 Leon M. Lederman, Melvin Schwartz, Jack Steinberger. 1987 J. georg bednorz,K. Alexander Müller. 1986 Ernst Ruska, Gerd Binnig, Heinrich Rohrer. http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2001/nobel.100/physics.html

HOME OVERVIEW PROFILE: ANNAN PURSUIT OF PEACE ... RESOURCES Physics 2001 Eric A. Cornell, Carl E. Wieman, Wolfgang Ketterle 2000 Zhores I Alferov, Herbert Kroemer, Jack S. Kilby 1999 Gerardus 't Hooft, Martinus J.G. Veltman 1997 Steven Chu, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, William D. Phillips 1996 David M. Lee, Douglas D. Osheroff, Robert C. Richardson 1995 Martin L. Perl, Frederick Reines 1994 Bertram N. Brockhouse, Clifford G. Shull 1993 Russell A. Hulse, Joseph H. Taylor Jr. 1992 Georges Charpak 1991 Pierre-Gilles de Gennes 1990 Jerome I. Friedman, Henry W. Kendall, Richard E. Taylor 1989 Norman F. Ramsey, Hans G. Dehmelt, Wolfgang Paul 1988 Leon M. Lederman, Melvin Schwartz, Jack Steinberger 1986 Ernst Ruska, Gerd Binnig, Heinrich Rohrer 1985 Klaus von Klitzing 1984 Carlo Rubbia, Simon van der Meer 1983 Subramanyan Chandrasekhar, William Alfred Fowler 1982 Kenneth G. Wilson 1981 Nicolaas Bloembergen, Arthur Leonard Schawlow, Kai M. Siegbahn 1980 James Watson Cronin, Val Logsdon Fitch 1979 Sheldon Lee Glashow, Abdus Salam, Steven Weinberg 1978 Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa, Arno Allan Penzias, Robert Woodrow Wilson

64. NPQ prepared in consultation with an extensive group of nobel prize winners, was Physics,1977) Oscar Arias Sanchez (Peace, 1987) J. georg bednorz (Physics, 1987 http://www.digitalnpq.org/global_services/nobel laureates/12.07.01.html

Today's date: NOBEL LAUREATES GLOBAL VIEWPOINT GLOBAL ECONOMIC VIEWPOINT EUROPEAN VIEWPOINT NOBEL LAUREATES EMBARGOED UNTIL DECEMBER 7, 2001 STOP GLOBAL WARMING BY STICKING TO CLIMATE TREATY; AVOID A WEAPONIZED WORLD BY STICKING TO ABM TREATY NOBEL LAUREATES ON 100TH ANNIVERSARY OF NOBEL PRIZE LOOK AT NEXT 100 YEARS EDITOR'S NOTE: One hundred fifty Nobel Laureates will gather in Stockholm, Sweden, and Oslo, Norway, on Dec. 7 for an unprecedented celebration marking the 100th anniversary of the Nobel Prize. The prize winners in physics, chemistry, medicine, literature and economics meet in Stockholm, where their prizes were awarded, and, correspondingly, the peace prize winners meet in Oslo. The more than 100 signatories to the attached statement have their own individual priorities in viewing the future, but all agree to this broad outline of the challenge facing humankind. Among scientists signing are Dr. Francis Crick (Physiology/Medicine, 1962), co-discoverer of the double-helix; Dr. Hans Bethe (Physics, 1967), discoverer of the source of the sun's energy; Dr. Charles Townes (Physics, 1964), co-discoverer of the laser, and Drs. Mario Molina (Chemistry, 1995) and Paul Crutzen (Chemistry, 1995), honored for their studies of the chemistry of the atmosphere and the ozone hole. Among literature winners Miss Nadine Gordimer (1991), and among peace prize winners Mr. Mikhail Gorbachev (1990) ,Archbishop Desmond Tutu (1984) and His Holiness the Dalai Lama (1989). The final signature was received from Mr. Gorbachev in Moscow, where he is hospitalized.)

65. The Nobel Prize For Physics (1901-1998) Foundation web site at http//www.nobel.se. Burton Richter Discovery of the J/Psiparticle Ruska Electron microscopy 1987 1986 georg bednorz Hightemperature http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/physics/Administrivia/nobel.html

[Physics FAQ] Updated October 1998 by Nathan Urban. Updated 1997,96 by PEG. Updated 1994 by SIC. Original by Scott I. Chase. The Nobel Prize for Physics (1901-1998) The following is a complete listing of Nobel Prize awards, from the first award in 1901. Prizes were not awarded in every year. The date in brackets is the approximate date of the work. The description following the names is an abbreviation of the official citation. The Physics prize is announced near the beginning of October each year. One of the quickest ways to get the announcement is to watch the Nobel Foundation web site at http://www.nobel.se

66. Nobel Prize Winners In Physics nobel Prize Winners in Physics. bednorz, J. georg, Federal Republic of Germany,IBM Research Laboratory, R Pi;schlikon, Switzerland, * 1950; and. http://www.slcc.edu/schools/hum_sci/physics/whatis/nobel.html

Nobel Prize Winners in Physics Physics 1901 R~NTGEN, WILHELM CONRAD, Germany, Munich University,* 1845, + 1923: "in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the remarkable rays subsequently named after him". Physics 1902 The prize was awarded jointly to: LORENTZ, HENDRIK ANTOON, the Netherlands, Leyden University, * 1853, + 1928; and ZEEMAN, PIETER, the Netherlands, Amsterdam University, * 1865, + 1943: "in recognition of the extraordinary service they rendered by their researches into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena". Physics 1903 The prize was divided, one half being awarded to: BECQUEREL, ANTOINE HENRI, France, äcole Polytechnique, Paris, * 1852, + 1908: "in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his discovery of spontaneous radioactivity"; the other half jointly to: CURIE, PIERRE, France, äcole municipale de physique et de chimie industrielles, (Municipal School of Industrial Physics and Chemistry), Paris, * 1859, + 1906; and his wife CURIE, MARIE, n»e SKLODOWSKA, France, * 1867 (in Warsaw, Poland), + 1934: "in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel".

67. IBM Think Research Online Regardless of whether those conditions were necessary, the 1987 nobel Prizewas duly awarded to Zurich's J. georg bednorz and K. Alex Müller. http://domino.watson.ibm.com/comm/wwwr_thinkresearch.nsf/pages/profile196.html

Think Research Home chip technology data management deep computing ... Research News Profile By Peter Gwynne Growing up in India, Praveen Chaudhari had no particular ambition to become a scientist. He applied to the prestigious Indian Institute of Technology at Kharacpur because his father had sent him the forms. Not until he had graduated first in his class in engineering and had completed the course requirements for a doctorate in physical metallurgy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology did he finally discover a passion for science. Initially, Chaudhari was equally unambitious about pursuing a career in management. Tapped to manage a group in the physical sciences department at the Thomas J. Watson Research Center, which he joined shortly after completing his doctoral thesis, he found himself increasingly drawn away from his scientific work. In 1978, after 12 years of growing responsibilities, he relinquished his managerial role to concentrate on doing science. It proved to be just an interlude between management jobs, but, he reminisces, "I think those were my two happiest years at IBM." Ambitious goals Nevertheless, in 1980, when Ralph E. Gomory, then director of Research, persuaded him to become the division's acting director of physical sciences, and presented him with several tough goals, Chaudhari blossomed. Now celebrating his 30th anniversary with IBM, this reluctant scientist/manager looks back on a series of successes. They include research on materials that became the basis of the $2-billion-per-year optical-disk industry - which won Chaudhari and his colleagues a National Medal of Technology - and back-to-back Nobel Prizes in physics that Research won on his managerial watch.

68. Nobel Laureate Müller At Lab For Kac Memorial Lecture Series | The Newsbulletin Müller was a corecipient of a nobel Prize in physics in 1987 (with J. georg bednorz)for their important break-through in the discovery of superconductivity http://www.lanl.gov/orgs/pa/newsbulletin/2002/11/12/text05.shtml

Newsbulletin Home High low 50s Low near 20 Current Fire Danger Rating: New on today's Bulletin Board Sangre de Cristo Chorale concert season in Dec. Relay for Life informational meeting today Announcement of the ASQ Lost: black leather gloves Tuesday, November 12, 2002 Nobel Laureate Müller at Lab for Kac Memorial Lecture Series At 10 a.m., Nov. 18, Müller will speak on "Fifteen Years After the Discovery of Superconductivity in the Cuprates," in the Materials Science Laboratory Auditorium at TA-3. The next day Müller speaks at 2 p.m. in the MSL Auditorium about "On the Macroscopic Superconductivity s- and d-wave Symmetry in Cuprate SuperConductors." Both presentations are open to the Laboratory work force. The Mark Kac Memorial Lecture Series was started at the Lab in the mid 1980s to honor the founding chairman of the CNLS External Advisory Committee. Kac has pioneered the development of mathematical probability, in particular its applications to statistical physics and was the recipient of numerous honors from the Mathematical Association of America. http://www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/1987/muller-autobio.html

69. VBS - MyEurope - Nobel Prizes Denmark. Niels Henrik David BOHR (1922). Aage Niels BOHR (1975; son of Niels BOHR,nobel Prize in Physics 1922). J. georg bednorz (1987) (Switzerland). http://www.univie.ac.at/Romanistik/Sprachwst/site/spratscher/vbs_myEurope_spring

Nobel Prizes Vienna Business School myEurope Deutsch Englisch ... Home From 1901 onwards Nobel Prizes have been awarded in Chemistry Physics Physiology or Medicine Literature (66) and Peace (46), and since 1969 also in Economics (17) to 391 scientists, economists, peace activists/organisations and writers from today's EU member states or candidate countries. During their journey across Europe, our two Spring Students, Caroline and Marlene , have also tried to find out, who they were, when they were awarded the prize, which countries they came from and where they lived when they received the prize. In the list below you will find reference to the latter in brackets. All links below go to the marvelleous site of the Swedish Academy . So let me invite you to follow our two Spring Students on another, this time not political but scientific, trip across our continent. CHEMISTRY Austria Fritz PREGL Richard KUHN (1939; Prize for 1938)

70. Beyond September 11 - was held to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the nobel Prize Philip W. AndersonPhysics, 1977 Oscar Arias Sanchez Peace, 1987 J. georg bednorz Physics, 1987 http://www.emu.edu/ctp/bse-100nobel.html

Articles Other websites Media critique CTP News ... CTP Home Statement of 100 Nobel Laureates 100 Nobel laureates, during the Nobel Peace Prize Centennial Symposium held in Oslo, Norway on December 7, 2001, released the following statement. The symposium was held to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the Nobel Prize. Their statement is actually a warning that predicts the dependence of world security on environmental and social reforms, which must take place immediately. Peace in the world may only have a chance if we, "the wealthy few," heed this warning. THE STATEMENT The most profound danger to world peace in the coming years will stem not from the irrational acts of states or individuals but from the legitimate demands of the world's dispossessed. Of these poor and disenfranchised, the majority live a marginal existence in equatorial climates. Global warming, not of their making but originating with the wealthy few, will affect their fragile ecologies most. Their situation will be desperate and manifestly unjust. It cannot be expected, therefore, that in all cases they will be content to await the beneficence of the rich. If then we permit the devastating power of modern weaponry to spread through this combustible human landscape, we invite a conflagration that can engulf both rich and poor. The only hope for the future lies in co-operative international action, legitimized by democracy.

71. Allez Savoir 15, Octobre 1999 Translate this page Le magazine de l'Université de Lausanne, Pub d'aujourd'hui, Ètre nobel ou pas,Le médecin nouveau. K. Alexander Muller. (1927- ). avec J. georg bednorz. http://www.unil.ch/spul/allez_savoir/as15/5nobel1.html

Allez Savoir! Jeanne d'Arc Pub d'aujourd'hui no 15 oct. 1999 Les Nobels suisses de chimie Charles Edouard Guillaume Albert Einstein Wolfgang Pauli avec Edward Milles Purcell Heinrich Rohrer avec Gerd Binnig K. Alexander Muller avec J. Georg Bednorz Alfred Werner Paul Karrer avec Sir Walter Norman Haworth Vladimir Prelog Richard Ernst Emil Theodor Kocher Paul Hermann Muller Walter Rudolf Hess Tadeus Reichstein avec Edward Calvin Kendall et Philip Showalter Hench Daniel Bovet Werner Arber avec Daniel Nathans et Hamilton O. Smith Rlf M. Zinkernagel avec Peter C. Doherty Retour au sommet

72. Nobel Prize For Physics nobel Prize for Physics. 1987. K. Alex Müller (Switzerland) and J. georg bednorz(Germany), for their discovery of hightemperature superconductors. 1988. http://homepages.shu.ac.uk/~acsdry/quizes/physics.htm

Nobel Prize for Physics For years not listed, no award was made. Wilhelm K. Roentgen (Germany), for discovery of Roentgen rays Hendrik A. Lorentz and Pieter Zeeman (Netherlands), for work on influence of magnetism upon radiation A. Henri Becquerel (France), for work on spontaneous radioactivity; and Pierre and Marie Curie (France), for study of radiation John Strutt (Lord Rayleigh) (U.K.), for discovery of argon in investigating gas density Philipp Lenard (Germany), for work with cathode rays Sir Joseph Thomson (U.K.), for investigations on passage of electricity through gases Albert A. Michelson (U.S.), for spectroscopic and metrologic investigations Gabriel Lippmann (France), for method of reproducing colors by photography Guglielmo Marconi (Italy) and Ferdinand Braun (Germany), for development of wireless Johannes D. van der Waals (Netherlands), for work with the equation of state for gases and liquids Wilhelm Wien (Germany), for his laws governing the radiation of heat Heike Kamerlingh-Onnes (Netherlands), for work leading to production of liquid helium Max von Laue (Germany), for discovery of diffraction of Roentgen rays passing through crystals

73. V17-29 Page (JP) Winners of the 1987 nobel Prize for Physics , Springer ,K.Alex.Muller J.georg bednorz ?(X http://www.nep.chubu.ac.jp/v17/v17-29.html

Modules for Introductory Physics in University¡¡2 Nobuhiko Ohama Department of Literature, Seinan Gakuin University What are a 60-carbon (C ) and a carbon-nanotube ? On a 60-carbon (C ) (fullurenes), a carbon-nonotube are also a diamond, histories of their discoveries, their crystallizing processes, their structures, their properties and their applications, are given a lecture for the first year students in a university and foe the general public. ¤Í¤é¤¤¡§¤³¤ì¤Þ¤ÇºÁǤÎƱÁÇÂΡʸÇÂΡˤȤ·¤Æ¤Ï¡¤·ë¾½¤È¤·¤Æ¤Ï¥À¥¤¥¢¥â¥ó¥É¤È¥°¥é¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥È¡¤¤½¤ì¤ËÈó¾½¼Á¤È¤·¤Æ¥¢¥â¥ë¥Õ¥¡¥¹¡¦¥«¡Ý¥Ü¥ó¤¬Î¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¿¡¥¤È¤³¤í¤¬¡¤1985ǯ¤ËH.W.Kroto, R.E.SmalleyÅù¤Ë¤è¤ë¥µ¥¥«¡Ý¥Ü¡Ý¥ë¹½Â¤¤Î "C : Buckminsterfullerene" : ¥«¡Ý¥Ü¥ó60 ¤Îȯ¸«¤È¤½¤Î¸å¤Î C , C , C ,...,C Åù¤Î¥Õ¥é¥ì¥ó¤Îȯ¸«¡¤¤½¤·¤Æ1991ǯ¤ËÈÓÅçÀ¡Ë¤Ë¤è¤ë¥«¡Ý¥Ü¥ó¥Ê¥Î¥Á¥å¡Ý¥Ö¤Îȯ¸«¤Ë¤è¤ëÂ裴¤ÎƱÁÇÂΤ¬³Îǧ¤µ¤ì¤¿¡¥¤½¤·¤Æ¡¤¤³¤Î¥µ¥¥«¡Ý¥Ü¡Ý¥ë¹½Â¤¤Î C ¥â¥¸¥å¡Ý¥ë¤ÎÆâÍÆ¡§¤Þ¤º¡¤ºÁǤÎƱÁÇÂη뾽¤Î¥À¥¤¥¢¥â¥ó¥É¤È¥°¥é¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥È¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¡¤·ë¾½¹½Â¤¤äʪÀ­¤òÀâÌÀ¤·¡¤Æ¤Ë¥À¥¤¥¢¥â¥ó¥É¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï¼ï¡¹¤ÎÀ¸À®¤Î¥×¥í¥»¥¹¡Ê¡ÖÏÄ줫¤é¤Î¼ê»æ¡×¤È¸À¤ï¤ì¤ëÅ·Á³¤Î¥À¥¤¥¢¥â¥ó¥É±·ë¾½¤ÎÀ¸À®¤«¤é¡¤¸½ºß¤Ïdz¾Æ±êË¡¤Ë¤è¤ëÂ絤°µ²¼¤Ç¤Î¥À¥¤¥¢¥â¥ó¥ÉÇöËì¤ÎÀ¸À®¤Þ¤Ç¡Ë¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤â´Ê±¤Ë¤Õ¤ì¤ë¡¥¤½¤·¤Æ¡¤C ¤Î¥µ¥¥«¡Ý¥Ü¡Ý¥ë¹½Â¤¡¤C , C , C ,...,C

74. TUBITAK-GMBAE: 1950-1999 Nobel Odulleri Listesi 19501999 Yillari arasinda fizik, kimya, ekonomi, fizyoloji ve tip alanlarindaNobel ödülü alan bilimadamlari ve J. georg bednorz; K. Alexander http://www.rigeb.gov.tr/docs/nobel-50_99.html

1950-1999 Yýllarý arasýnda fizik, kimya, ekonomi, fizyoloji ve týp alanlarýnda Nobel ödülü alan bilimadamlarý ve çalýþmalarý Yýl Çalýþma Ödül Sahibi Physics The development of the photographic method of studying nuclear processes and the discoveries regarding mesons made with this method. Cecil Frank Powell The pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles. "Sir John Douglas Cockcroft; Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton" The development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith. "Felix Bloch; Edward Mills Purcell" Demonstration of the phase contrast method, especially for his invention of the phase contract microscope. Frits (Frederik) Zernike "Fundamental research in quantum mechanics, especially for the statistical interpretation of the wavefunction; and for the coincidence method and the discoveries made therewith." "Max Born; Walther Bothe" "Discoveries concerning the fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum; and precision determination of the magnetic moment of the electron." "Willis Eugene Lamb; Polykarp Kusch"

75. The Nobel Prize For Physics (1901-1996) is a complete listing of nobel Prize awards 1976 Burton Richter Discovery of theJ/Psi particle Ruska Electron microscopy 1987 georg bednorz Hightemperature http://physics.hallym.ac.kr/education/faq/nobel.html

[Physics FAQ] updated 9-OCT-1996 by PEG updated 12-OCT-1994 by SIC original by Scott I. Chase The Nobel Prize for Physics (1901-1996) The following is a complete listing of Nobel Prize awards, from the first award in 1901. Prizes were not awarded in every year. The description following the names is an abbreviation of the official citation.

76. Superconductors Superconductors today. K. Alex Muller and J. georg bednorz from IBM Zurich discoveredceramic superconductors. They won the 1987 nobel Prize for Physics. Y. Ba. http://www.phys.warwick.ac.uk/supermag/Research/Superconductors/body_superconduc

A brief history of superconductivity The phenomenon of superconductivity was first observed by Kamerlingh Onnes in Leiden in 1911 . In the superconducting state the dc electrical resistivity is zero Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1913 for his discovery of superconductivity The magnetic properties exhibited by superconductors are just as dramatic. If a type I superconductor is placed in a magnetic field below a critical value H c , then cooled through its superconducting transition temperature, (T c ), the magnetic flux originally present in the sample is ejected from the specimen. This is called the Meissner effect A magnet floating above a disc of ceramic superconductor due to a combination of flux pinning and flux expulsion. If a type II superconductor is cooled below T c ), it will also enter the Meissner state. For fields above the lower critical field H but below an upper critical field H , (H ), type II superconductors enter a mixed state in which the material is threaded by an array of lines of magnetic flux forming an Abrikosov or flux line lattice The hexagonal arrangement of magnetic flux lines in pure Nb imaged using neutrons.

77. IBM Research | About | History | 1945-1996 Two scientists from the IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, J. georg bednorz and K Oneyear later, bednorz and Muller are awarded the nobel Prize in physics for http://www.research.ibm.com/about/past_history.shtml

Home My account Select a country IBM Home ... Feedback Research History Highlights History of IBM Research 1945-1996 1945 - IBM'S FIRST RESEARCH LAB . IBM's first research facility, the Watson Scientific Computing Laboratory, opens in a renovated fraternity house near Columbia University in Manhattan. In 1961, IBM moves its research headquarters to the T.J. Watson Research Center in Yorktown Heights, New York. Today, IBM Research operates Laboratories in the United States, Switzerland, Israel, Japan, China and India. 1952 - FIRST CALIFORNIA RESEARCH LAB . IBM opens its first West Coast lab in San Jose, California - the area that decades later will come to be known as "Silicon Valley." Within four years, the lab begins to make its mark by inventing magnetic storage systems. 1956 - FIRST MAGNETIC HARD DISK . IBM introduces the world's first magnetic hard disk for data storage. RAMAC (or Random Access Method of Accounting and Control) offers unprecedented performance by permitting random access to any of the million characters distributed over both sides of 50 two-foot-diameter disks. Produced in San Jose, California, IBM's first hard disk stored about 2,000 bits of data per square inch and had a purchase price of about $10,000 per megabyte. By 1997, the cost of storing a megabyte had dropped to around ten cents. 1956 - ZURICH LAB . IBM's Zurich Research Laboratory opens. In 1986 and 1987, researchers in this laboratory will earn back-to-back Nobel Prizes for physics - first for the invention of the scanning tunneling microscope, then for the breakthrough discovery of high-temperature superconductivity.

78. Nobel Prize In Physics - Wikipedia Detailed explanations are found at the nobel foundation's website http//www.nobel.se. 1987J. georg bednorz K. Alexander Müller for their important break http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_physics

Main Page Recent changes Edit this page Page history Special pages Set my user preferences My watchlist Recently updated pages Upload image files Image list Registered users Site statistics Random article Orphaned articles Orphaned images Popular articles Most wanted articles Short articles Long articles Newly created articles Interlanguage links All pages by title Blocked IP addresses Maintenance page External book sources Printable version Talk Log in Help Other languages: Dansk Nederlands Esperanto Polski Nobel Prize in Physics (Redirected from Nobel Prize in physics List of Nobel Prize laureates in physics 1901-2002. Detailed explanations are found at the Nobel foundation's website: http://www.nobel.se Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen "in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the remarkable rays subsequently named after him" Hendrik Antoon Lorentz Pieter Zeeman "in recognition of the extraordinary service they rendered by their researches into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena" Antoine Henri Becquerel "in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his discovery of spontaneous radioactivity Pierre Curie Marie Curie "in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel" Lord Rayleigh (John William Strutt) "for his investigations of the densities of the most important gases and for his discovery of argon in connection with these studies" Philipp Eduard Anton von Lenard "for his work on

79. Digitale Bibliothek - JLU Giessen Becquerel, Antoine Henri (18521908) nobel Foundation WWW. bednorz, J. georg(1950- ) nobel Foundation WWW. Bell, Alexander Graham (1847-1922) WWW. http://dbs.ub.uni-giessen.de/links/dbs_fachinfo.php?typ=E&fach=5

80. Nobel Prize In Physics Winners 2002 nobel Prize in Physics Winners 20021901. (also available in alphabetical arrangement),2002 1987. The prize was awarded jointly to J. georg bednorz and K http://fatihince.tripod.com/nobel.html

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