41. Swiss Science & Technology Offices In North America Heinrich Rohrer (born 1933) nobel Prize for Physics 1986 (in conjunctionwith gerd binnig and shared with Ernst Ruska, Germany). http://www.swissemb.org/scitech/html/heinrich_rohrer.html

Heinrich Rohrer (born 1933) Nobel Prize for Physics 1986 (in conjunction with Gerd Binnig and shared with Ernst Ruska, Germany) There was a lot of talk about microscopes when the 1986 Nobel Prize for Physics was awarded. One half of the prize went to the German physicist Ernst Ruska for his discovery several years previously of the principle of the electron microscope. The other half went to a team comprising Gerd Binnig from Germany and Heinrich Rohrer from Switzerland "in recognition of the recent discovery of the scanning tunneling microscope". This microscope, which is small enough to hold in the hand, was named after a quantum effect, tunneling, that occurs when a low electrical current is passed between a metal point (probe) and a conducting surface. The probe has to be held about one nanometer (one billionth of a meter!) away from the surface to create this current. The topography of an object can be determined precisely by scanning its surface and measuring the tunnel current, which varies depending on the distance between the probe and the surface. The impressive image of a piece of silicon with its atoms lined up like a string of pearls is a familiar sight by now. The scanning tunneling microscope ushered in a significant era in the development of microscopy. It was originally intended for studying the crystalline structures of conducting or semi-conducting engineering materials, but it has since been developed for all sorts of different technical applications. Some of these microscopes can be used to investigate biological probes (viruses, large accumulations of protein or DNA), others to study the friction between substances on the atomic level (investigations of lubricants and wear on micromotors in nanotechnology).

42. Nobel Prize Winners : Physics nobel Prize Winners in Physics. Year, Article, Country*, Achievement. 1986,binnig, gerd, West Germany, development of special electron microscopes. http://www.emsb.qc.ca/laurenhill/science/nobelph.html

Nobel Prize Winners in Physics Year Article Country* Achievement Röntgen, Wilhelm Conrad Germany discovery of X rays Lorentz, Hendrik Antoon The Netherlands investigation of the influence of magnetism on radiation Zeeman, Pieter The Netherlands investigation of the influence of magnetism on radiation Becquerel, Henri France discovery of spontaneous radioactivity Curie, Marie France investigations of radiation phenomena discovered by Becquerel Curie, Pierre France investigations of radiation phenomena discovered by Becquerel Rayleigh (of Terling Place), John William Strutt, 3rd Baron U.K. discovery of argon Lenard, Philipp Germany research on cathode rays Thomson, Sir J.J. U.K. researches into electrical conductivity of gases Michelson, A.A. U.S. spectroscopic and metrological investigations Lippmann, Gabriel France photographic reproduction of colours Braun, Ferdinand Germany development of wireless telegraphy Marconi, Guglielmo Italy development of wireless telegraphy Waals, Johannes Diederik van der The Netherlands research concerning the equation of state of gases and liquids Wien, Wilhelm

43. Gerd Binnig Physicien Allemand, Prix Nobel De Physique 1986, Gerd Translate this page gerd binnig Physicien allemand, Prix nobel de physique 1986, gerd binnigest né en 1947 à Francfort/Main, où il a obtenu son doctorat. http://www.actufiches.ch/content.php?name=Binnig&vorname=Gerd

44. Nobel Prizes In Physics nobel Prizes in Physics. 194306-28) Discovery of the quantum Hall effect 1986 ErnstRuska (Germany, 1906-12-25 - 1988-05-27) gerd binnig (Germany, *1947-07-20 http://userpage.chemie.fu-berlin.de/diverse/bib/nobel_physik_e.html

Nobel Prizes in Physics Deutsche Version dieser Seite (Information not checked) (Germany, 1845-03-27 - 1923-02-10) Discovery of X rays Hendrik A. Lorentz (Netherlands, 1853-07-18 - 1929-02-04) Pieter Zeeman (Netherlands, 1865-05-25 - 1943-10-09) Henri A. Becquerel (France, 1852-12-15 - 1908-08-25) Marie Curie (France, Poland, 1867-11-07 - 1934-07-04) Pierre Curie (France, 1859-05-15 - 1906-04-19) Discovery of radioactivity Lord Rayleigh (United Kingdom) Philipp E. Lenard (Germany, 1862-06-07 - 1947-05-20) Joseph J. Thomson (United Kingdom, 1856-12-18 - 1940-04-30) Conduction of electricity in gases Albert A. Michelson (USA, 1852-12-19 - 1931-05-09) Measurement of the speed of light G. Lippmann (France) Karl Ferdinand Braun (Germany, 1850-06-06 - 1918-04-20) Guglielmo Marconi (Italy, 1874-04-25 - 1937-07-20) wireless telegraphy Johann D. van der Waals (Netherlands, 1837-11-23 - 1923-03-07) Molecular forces Wilhelm Wien (Germany, 1864-01-13 - 1928-08-30) Heat radiation (Sweden) H. Kamerlingh Onnes (Netherlands) Max von Laue (Germany, 1879-10-09 - 1960-04-24)

45. Nobel Prize Winners In Physics nobel Prize Winners in Physics. binnig, gerd, Federal Republic of Germany, IBMZ Pi;rich Research Laboratory, R Pi;schlikon, Switzerland, * 1947; and. http://www.slcc.edu/schools/hum_sci/physics/whatis/nobel.html

Nobel Prize Winners in Physics Physics 1901 R~NTGEN, WILHELM CONRAD, Germany, Munich University,* 1845, + 1923: "in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the remarkable rays subsequently named after him". Physics 1902 The prize was awarded jointly to: LORENTZ, HENDRIK ANTOON, the Netherlands, Leyden University, * 1853, + 1928; and ZEEMAN, PIETER, the Netherlands, Amsterdam University, * 1865, + 1943: "in recognition of the extraordinary service they rendered by their researches into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena". Physics 1903 The prize was divided, one half being awarded to: BECQUEREL, ANTOINE HENRI, France, äcole Polytechnique, Paris, * 1852, + 1908: "in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his discovery of spontaneous radioactivity"; the other half jointly to: CURIE, PIERRE, France, äcole municipale de physique et de chimie industrielles, (Municipal School of Industrial Physics and Chemistry), Paris, * 1859, + 1906; and his wife CURIE, MARIE, n»e SKLODOWSKA, France, * 1867 (in Warsaw, Poland), + 1934: "in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel".

46. Gerd Binnig: Awards Won By Gerd Binnig 123Awards hardwork is paid in form of awards. Awards of gerd binnig. OTHERnobel,1986, PHYSICS. Enter Artist/Album. Partner Sites. Stardose.com. RealLyrics.com. http://www.123awards.com/artist/1379.asp

hardwork is paid in form of awards Awards of Gerd Binnig OTHER-NOBEL PHYSICS Enter Artist/Album Partner Sites Stardose.com RealLyrics.com OnlyHitLyrics.com Biography Search Engine ... privacy

47. Phys Nobel List Translate this page Selective List of nobel Prize Winners in Physics and Chemistry. M. Lee, Douglas D.Osheroff, Robert C. Richardson 1986 Ernst Ruska, gerd binnig, Heinrich Rohrer http://bengal.missouri.edu/~kosztini/courses/phys215-03/Phys_Nobel_List.html

Selective List of Nobel Prize Winners in Physics and Chemistry Physics Eric A. Cornell, Wolfgang Ketterle, Carl E. Wieman Zhores I. Alferov, Herbert Kroemer, Jack S. Kilby Steven Chu, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, William D. Phillips ... Ernest Rutherford

48. Werner Martienssen is gerd binnig, born 1947 in Frankfurt/M. gerd binnig was awarded the nobelprizein physics 1986 for the development of the scanning tunneling microscope.. http://www.codata.org/codata02/bios/bio-martienssen.htm

BIOGRAPHY Werner Martienssen Physikalisches Institut D-60054 Frankfurt / Main Germany Curriculum Vitae born: 23. Jan. 1926 at Kiel / Germany school: secondary school emphasizing classical languages at Kiel until 1943 1943 military services at the german navy ionic crystals Research activity: Solid state spectroscopy and -photochemistry 1959 / 60 visiting-professorship at the Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y., USA 1960 professorship at the University of Stuttgart, chair for radiation physics 1961 professorship at the University Frankfurt/M., chair for experimental physics Research activities: Solid state physics, Optics, Chaotic dynamics 1969 - 1986 member and chairman of the Darmstadt/Frankfurt Sonderforschungsbereich: Solid State Spectroscopy 1987 - 1998 member and chairman (1987 - 1993) of the Frankfurt/Darmstadt/Marburg Sonderforschungsbereich: Nonlinear Dynamics 1991 Honorary doctorate at the University of Dortmund 1994 Professor emeritus at the University of Frankfurt / Main 1976 - 1978 Vicepresident of the European Physical Society, Geneva

49. 20th Century Year By Year 1986 nobel Prizes. work in electron optics, and for the design of the first electronmicroscope and the other half jointly to binnig, gerd, Federal Republic of http://www.multied.com/20th/1986.html

Major Event/ Sports Nobel Prizes Pulitzer Prizes ... Popular Book s / Popular Television Shows Popular Music/ Grammy Awards/ Tony Awards Major Events of 1986 Soviets free Natan Scharansky Nuclear disaster at Chernobyl Summit at Reykjavik Spain and Portugal enter the common m arket Marcos flees the Philippines US planes attack Tripoli Space Shuttle Challenger ... US responds to Libyan terror Sports NBA: Boston Celtics vs. Houston Rockets Series: 4-2 NCAA Football: Penn State Record: 12-0-0 Heisman Trophy: Vinny Testaverde, miami-fl, QB points: 2,213 Stanley Cup: Montreal Canadiens vs. Calgary Flames Series: 4-1 Super Bowl XX: Chicago Bears vs. New England Patriots Score: 46-10 US Open Golf: Ray Floyd Score: 279 Course: Shinnecock Hills GC Location: Southhampton, NY World Cup: Argentina vs. West Germany Score: 3-2 World Series: New York Mets vs. Boston Red Sox Series: 4-3 Popular Music 1."That's What Friends Are For" ... Dionne Warwick and Friends 2."How Will I Know" ... Whitney Houston 3."Kryie" ... Mr. Mister

50. Who's Who In The Nanospace gerd binnig Heinrich Rohrer Inventors of the Scanning Tunneling Microscope (1981),and awarded the nobel Prize in Physics in 1986 for their work in scanning http://nanotech-now.com/whos-who.htm

Basics Introduction Current Uses Interviews ... General Directories Who's Who in the Nanospace Below you will find a Who's Who Directory for individuals involved in Nanotechnology . If you have another nominee, please email us with their name and data, including the URL of their website, and one for their bio, photo, CV, etc. New entries will be judged by the impact they have had or are having on the Nanospace. Click to Navigate K. Eric Drexler Ralph Merkle Harry Kroto John Walker James Von Ehr Robert A. Freitas Jr. Richard E. Smalley David Tomanek John Storrs Hall Ray Kurzweil George M. Whitesides Christine Peterson Tim Harper Richard Feynman Steve Lenhert Mihail Roco Sumio Iijima Josh Wolfe K. Eric Drexler : Dr. Drexler is a researcher concerned with emerging technologies and their consequences for the future. In the mid 1980s, he introduced the term 'nanotechnology' to describe atomically precise molecular manufacturing systems and their products. Advanced nanotechnologies will make possible many dreams (and nightmares) first articulated in the literature of science fiction. He is a founder and current Chairman of the Foresight Institute, a nonprofit educational organization established to help prepare for advanced technologies. He wrote Engines of Creation (1986) to introduce a broad audience to the prospect of advanced nanotechnologies their nature, promise, and dangers and

51. Chemistry - Links For Chemists - Topics - Biographies Links to biographies of over 200 people who have advanced and refined the field of chemistry. A section Category Science Chemistry History...... Berzelius, Jöns Jacob @ Woodrow Wilson US. Bessemer, Sir Henry @ Rochester US;binnig, gerd; Bragg, William Henry @ nobel SE; Brand(t), Hennig; de Broglie, Louis http://www.liv.ac.uk/Chemistry/Links/refbiog.html

Links for Chemists Chemistry section of the WWW Virtual Library Virtual Library Science Chemistry : Biographies of Famous Chemists Unless otherwise stated, the biographies listed below are provided and listed with the kind permission of the The Nobel Foundation . If you know of any biographies of Chemists or scientists whose work has advanced chemistry, that we do not list, please inform us via our comments form Alder, Kurt US @ St. Andrews UK Anfinsen, Christian B Arrhenius, Svante August Arrhenius, Svante August Arrhenius, Svante August IL Arrhenius, Svante August Arfwedson, Johan August Astbury, William T. @ Leeds UK Aston, Francis William Avogadro, Lorenzo Romano AMADEO Carlo, comte de Quaregna et de Ceretto Avogadro, Amedeo @ Heriot Watt UK Avogadro, Amedeo FR Avogadro, Amadeo @ Torino IT Avogadro, Amadeo US Baekeland, Leo Hendrik @ Time Magazine US von Baeyer, Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf Barton, Sir Derek Harold Richard Balmer, Johann Jakob @ St Andrews UK Beckman, Arnold Orville IL Beer, August Bequerel, Henri Antoine Bequerel, Henri Antoine

52. The National Inventors Hall Of Fame Berliner, Emile. Bessemer, Henry. binnig, gerd Karl. Bird, Forest M. Black,Harold Stephen. Nieuwland, Rev. Julius A. nobel, Alfred. Noyce, Robert N. http://www.factmonster.com/ipka/A0004638.html

Almanac Cool Stuff Business and Inventions The National Inventors Hall of Fame The Inventors Hall of Fame, located in Akron, Ohio, was established in 1973 by the National Council of Patent Law Associations, now the National Council of Intellectual Property Law Associations, and the Patent and Trademark Office of the U.S. Department of Commerce. The year of induction is in parentheses at the end of the entry. Acheson, Edward Goodrich Alexanderson, Ernst Alford, Andrew Alvarez, Luis Walter ... Zworykin, Vladimir Kosma Business and Inventions Kitty Hawk to World War II AD AD AD AD AD Print this page Cite this page Awards and Press Link to Fact Monster Add Fact Monster search ... Privacy

53. Nobel Prize For Physics nobel Prize for Physics. von Klitzing (Germany), for developing an exact way ofmeasuring electrical conductivity 1986 Ernst Ruska, gerd binnig (both Germany http://www.factmonster.com/ipa/A0105785.html

Huge assortment of web cameras, spycams and live surveillance products - at great prices ! Bargain.com.. Movies , videos with your favorite celebrity ! Magazines, newsletters, stories and pics from around the world! All Infoplease All Almanacs General Entertainment Sports Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Infoplease Home Almanacs Atlas Dictionary ... Fact Monster Kids' reference Info:Daily Fun facts Homework Center Newsletter You've got info! Help Site Map Visit related sites from: Family Education Network Arts and Entertainment Awards Nobel Prizes Nobel Prize for Physics For years not listed, no award was made. Wilhelm K. Roentgen (Germany), for discovery of Roentgen rays Hendrik A. Lorentz and Pieter Zeeman (Netherlands), for work on influence of magnetism upon radiation A. Henri Becquerel (France), for work on spontaneous radioactivity; and Pierre and Marie Curie (France), for study of radiation John Strutt (Lord Rayleigh) (U.K.), for discovery of argon in investigating gas density Philipp Lenard (Germany), for work with cathode rays Sir Joseph Thomson (U.K.), for investigations on passage of electricity through gases

54. The Nobel Prize For Physics (1901-1998) to watch the nobel Foundation web site at http//www.nobel.se von Klitzing Discoveryof (integer) quantum Hall effect 1986 1981 gerd binnig Scanning Tunneling http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/physics/Administrivia/nobel.html

[Physics FAQ] Updated October 1998 by Nathan Urban. Updated 1997,96 by PEG. Updated 1994 by SIC. Original by Scott I. Chase. The Nobel Prize for Physics (1901-1998) The following is a complete listing of Nobel Prize awards, from the first award in 1901. Prizes were not awarded in every year. The date in brackets is the approximate date of the work. The description following the names is an abbreviation of the official citation. The Physics prize is announced near the beginning of October each year. One of the quickest ways to get the announcement is to watch the Nobel Foundation web site at http://www.nobel.se

55. IBM Taiwan - ¥xÆW¤½¥q¥DºÞ¤¶²Ð . . . . Leo Esaki nobel Winner1973; gerd K binnig nobel Winner 1986; Heinrich Rohrer nobel Winner 1986; http://www-901.ibm.com/tw/press/bio/nobel_prize.html

Taiwan ­Ó¤H±M°Ï IBM ¨ä¥L°ê®a ·s»D«Ç ·s»DÀÉ®× ... ¥xÆW¤½¥q¥DºÞ¤¶²Ð ¡E ¿Õ¨©º¸±o¥D¤¶²Ð IBM ²¤¶ Ápµ¸§Ú­Ì ¬Ûö³sµ²¡G ³Ì·s®ø®§ ¤½ö©u¥Z ¬¡°Ê§Ö°T ¥xÆW¤½¥q¥DºÞ¤¶²Ð ¿Õ¨©º¸±o¥D¤¶²Ð Leo Esaki Nobel Winner 1973 Gerd K Binnig Nobel Winner 1986 Heinrich Rohrer Nobel Winner 1986 J.Georg Bednorz Nobel Winner 1987 ... Ápµ¸ IBM

56. Deutsches Museum - Masterpieces - The Scanning Tunnelling Microscope Heinrich Rohrer (left) and gerd binnig. One year later, gerd Binning and HeinrichRohrer of IBM's Zurich Research Laboratory were awarded the nobel Prize in http://www.deutsches-museum.de/ausstell/meister/e_rtm.htm

The scanning tunnelling microscope by Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer in the Physics department A new method of "visualising" atoms The scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) larger photo 59 kB Optical microscopes reach their limit at a resolution of approximately 250 nanometres (1 nanometre = 1 nm = 1 millionth of a millimetre). This corresponds roughly to half the wavelength of visible light. With an electron microscope, this limit can be overcome, since electrons have shorter wavelengths than light. In certain materials, a modern electron microscope is even able to visualise atomic structures of subnanometre dimensions. Under certain conditions it is also possible to depict surfaces at the atomic scale by employing methods that use X-rays or electron diffraction. However, none of these methods is as simple and as non-invasive as scanning tunnelling microscopy. The scanning tunnelling microscope does not "see" the atoms, but "feels" them. An ultra-fine tip scans a surface at a constant interval of just a few atomic widths. The control of the distance between the tip and the surface is constantly checked by means of the so-called "tunnelling current". This flows between the tip and the target when a voltage is applied between them. The tunnelling current can only be explained by means of quantum mechanics. This STM image from IBM's Zurich Research Laboratory shows the transition from gallium arsenide (above, left) to the "rougher" aluminium gallium arsenide (below, right) with a resolution at the atomic scale. The three bright elevations that are clearly recognisable are individual oxygen atoms.

57. Deutsches Museum - Sonderausstellungen - Alfred Nobel Translate this page Eine besondere Führungslinie geleitet Sie zu den nobel-Exponaten, angefangen vonder von Otto Hahn bis zum Rastertunnelmikroskop von gerd binnig und Heinrich http://www.deutsches-museum.de/ausstell/soarchiv/nobel.htm

nobel! 100 Jahre Nobelpreis 23. November 2001 bis 24. März 2002 Ort: Vorraum des Ehrensaals, 1. OG. Am 10. Dezember 2001 wird zum einhundertsten Mal der Nobelpreis verliehen. Der im Testament von Alfred Nobel begründete Preis würdigte im Laufe seiner hundertjährigen Geschichte bahnbrechende Leistungen von Persönlichkeiten, die das 20. Jahrhundert geprägt und verändert haben. Eine ganze Reihe teils berühmter Exponate aus den Labors der Nobelpreisträger bilden seit jeher Highlights der Ausstellungen im Deutschen Museum. Blick in die Ausstellung Anlässlich dieses Jubiläums präsentiert das Deutsche Museum eine kleine Sonderausstellung, die Leben und Werk des schwedischen Erfinders Alfred Nobel und die Entstehungsgeschichte seines Preises nachzeichnet. Den Mittelpunkt bilden die Nobelpreisträger selbst: In Interviews und durch faszinierende Fotoporträts begegnen wir den Personen, die durch ihre Kreativität und ihren Innovationsgeist Erstaunliches geleistet haben. Die Ausstellung lädt ein zu einem Rundgang durch das Deutsche Museum auf den Spuren der Nobelpreisträger. Eine besondere Führungslinie geleitet Sie zu den Nobel-Exponaten, angefangen von der Röntgenapparatur von Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (dem ersten Nobelpreisträger für Physik), über den Experimentiertisch von Otto Hahn bis zum Rastertunnelmikroskop von Gerd Binnig und Heinrich Rohrer, das den Aufbruch in den Nanokosmos einleitete. Die Ausstellung nobel! 100 Jahre Nobelpreis entstand durch eine gemeinsame Idee des Deutschen Museums Bonn und des Lemelson Center der Smithsonian Institution am National Museum of American History, Behring Center. Sie konnte durch eine großzügige Spende der Lemelson Foundation umgesetzt werden.

58. NSF/OLPA - Media Advisory: NOBEL LAUREATE EYES NANOSCALE MANUFACTURING IN NEW EN Rohrer and gerd binnig received the King Faisal Prize and the Hewlett PackardEurophysics Prize in 1984, and the nobel Prize in Physics in 1986. http://www.nsf.gov/od/lpa/news/media/ma9724.htm

Media Advisory - June 4, 1997 PA/M 97-24 Nobel Laureate Eyes Nanoscale Manufacturing in New Engineering Lecture Series Nobel Laureate Heinrich Rohrer, inventor of the scanning tunneling microscope, will inaugurate a new National Science Foundation engineering lecture series with a talk titled The Nanometer Age: Challenges and Chances. Rohrer will discuss recent advances in precision nanoscale science and technology, which will permit building things molecule by molecule and heralding a class of made-to-order materials with streamlined structures and properties. Ultra-precise medical instruments could permit surgeons to operate on individual cells. Materials dozens of times stronger than steel of the same weight could be produced. The ability to manipulate molecules would greatly contribute to an emerging field of science that explores how to arrange conditions so that atoms spontaneously assemble into specific molecular structures. Rohrer and Gerd Binnig received the King Faisal Prize and the Hewlett Packard Europhysics Prize in 1984, and the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1986. Rorher was inducted into the US National Inventors Hall of Fame in 1994. He joined IBM's Zurich research laboratory in 1963. For more information about the lecture and Rohrer, see:

59. Nobel Prize Laureate To Address NSF In June microscope, together with gerd binnig, he was corecipient of the King Faisal Prizeand the Hewlett Packard Europhysics Prize in 1984, and the nobel Prize in http://www.eng.nsf.gov/engnews/1997_News/nobel_prize_laureate_to_addres.HTM

Nobel Prize Laureate to Address NSF in June Release: March 1997 Event: Distinguished Lecture Series Topic: The Nanometer Age, Challenges and Chances Time: 10 am on Monday, June 16, 1997 Where: Room 375 at the National Science Foundation 4201 Wilson Blvd., Arlington, VA 22230. Directions and visitor information Distinguished Lecture Series at NSF will present "The Nanometer Age, Challenges and Choices" by Dr. Heinrich Rohrer, Nobel Laureate, IBM. This event is open to the public. Abstract The more conventional aspect of science and technology on the nanometer (nm) scale is seen in advancing observation and precision standards down to the atomic level and in continued miniaturization from today's microtechnology to tomorrow's nanotechnology. There is lots of room at the bottom of the scale, even now, thirty-five years after R. Feynman's famous lecture on reducing the size of computers until bits are of the size of atoms. A more adventurous approach to the nanoworld is the assembly-scenario where molecules and macromolecules serve as building blocks to form complex functional units. Miniaturization and assembly together should provide possibilities and new ways of solving problems, namely, the most elegant way nature solves them. Crucial will be our ability to handle nano-objects on an individual basis and to interface them to the macroscopic world for communication and control. Resume of Dr. Heinrich Rohrer

60. The Nobel Prize For Physics (1901-1996) The following is a complete listing of nobel Prize awards, from the Klaus von KlitzingDiscovery of quantum Hall effect 1986 gerd binnig Scanning Tunneling http://physics.hallym.ac.kr/education/faq/nobel.html

[Physics FAQ] updated 9-OCT-1996 by PEG updated 12-OCT-1994 by SIC original by Scott I. Chase The Nobel Prize for Physics (1901-1996) The following is a complete listing of Nobel Prize awards, from the first award in 1901. Prizes were not awarded in every year. The description following the names is an abbreviation of the official citation.

A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Y  Z

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