21. Bragg, Sir William Lawrence bragg, sir william lawrence 18901971, English physicist, b. Adelaide at TrinityCollege, Cambridge; son of WH bragg. with his father the 1915 nobel Prize in http://www.slider.com/enc/8000/Bragg_Sir_William_Lawrence.htm

BeOnTop - Search Engine Ranking Home Encyclopeadia B Bou - Bra ... Rope Ladders Trellian WebPage Slider Search: The Web Encyclopaedia Shopping Index Help Encyclopaedia Bragg, Sir William Lawrence 1890-1971, English physicist, b. Adelaide, Australia, educated in Australia and at Trinity College, Cambridge; son of W. H. Bragg. He was professor of physics at Victoria Univ., Manchester, from 1919 to 1937. From 1938 to 1953 he was professor of experimental physics at Cambridge and director of the Cavendish Laboratory. In 1954 he was made head of the Royal Institution. He shared with his father the 1915 Nobel Prize in Physics for their studies, with the X-ray spectrometer, of X-ray spectra, X-ray diffraction, and of crystal structure. In 1941 he was knighted. Among his works are The Structure of Silicates (1930, 2d enl. ed. 1932) and Atomic Structure of Minerals (1937). With his father he wrote X Rays and Crystal Structure (1915, 5th ed. 1925). Add URL Advertise Contact Us

22. Pictures Gallery Of The Nobel Prize Winners In Physics Translate this page The nobel Prize in Physics. 1998. Robert B. Laughlin Horst L. Störmer Daniel C.Tsui 1997. None 1915. sir william Henry bragg sir william lawrence bragg 1914. http://www.th.physik.uni-frankfurt.de/~jr/physpicnobel.html

The Nobel Prize in Physics Robert B. Laughlin Daniel C. Tsui Steven Chu ... Hannes Olof Gosta Alfven Louis Eugene Felix Neel Murray Gell-Mann Luis Walter Alvarez Hans Albrecht Bethe Alfred Kastler Richard Phillips Feynman Julian Seymour Schwinger Sin-Itiro Tomonaga Nikolai Gennadievich Basov Alexander Mikhailovich Prokhorov Charles Hard Townes Johannes Hans Daniel Jensen Maria Goeppert-Mayer ... Sir Edward Victor Appleton Percy Williams Bridgman Wolfgang Ernst Pauli Isidor Isaac Rabi Otto Stern None None None Ernest Orlando Lawrence Enrico Fermi Clinton Joseph Davisson Sir George Paget Thomson ... Sir James Chadwick None Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac Werner Karl Heisenberg None Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman Prince Louis-Victor Pierre Raymond de Broglie Sir Owen Willans Richardson Arthur Holly Compton Charles Thomson Rees Wilson Jean Baptiste Perrin James Franck Gustav Ludwig Hertz Karl Manne Georg Siegbahn Robert Andrews Millikan ... Albert Einstein Charles Eduard Guillaume Johannes Stark Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck Charles Glover Barkla None Sir William Henry Bragg Sir William Lawrence Bragg Max Theodor Felix von Laue Heike Kamerlingh Onnes ... Guglielmo Marconi Gabriel Jonas Lippmann Albert Abraham Michelson Sir Joseph John Thomson Philipp Eduard Anton Lenard John William Strutt (Lord Rayleigh) ... Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen Donated by Christopher Walker, University of Ulster

23. Physics 1915 The nobel Prize in Physics 1915. for their services in the analysis of crystalstructure by means of Xrays . sir william Henry bragg, william lawrence bragg. http://physics.uplb.edu.ph/laureates/1915/

24. BRAGG Sir WILLIAM HENRY (1862-1942) & Sir WILLIAM LAWRENCE (1890-1971) sir william lawrence (1890-1971). en particulierles halogénures alcalins, ce qui leur valut le prix nobel en 1915. http://histoirechimie.free.fr/Lien/BRAGG.htm

25. Sir William Henry Bragg & Sir William Lawrence Bragg sir william Henry bragg (18621942) and sir william lawrence bragg (1890-1971),father and son Their nobel prize in physics followed von Laue's by a year, in http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Arts/scistamp/modphys2/06.html

Themes Arts Sci-Philately Modern Physics Part II Used with permission of Maiken Naylor, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA, http://ublib.buffalo.edu/libraries/units/sel/exhibits/stamps Sir William Henry Bragg (1862-1942) and Sir William Lawrence Bragg (1890-1971), father and son, were intensely interested in the X-ray diffraction work done by von Laue. They used his discovery to study crystal structure and developed the X-ray spectrometer. Their Nobel prize in physics followed von Laue's by a year, in 1915. The Royal Institute of Chemistry stamp shows the crystal structure of salt, as determined by WLB, and used by WHB to determine X-ray wavelengths.

26. Physics Themes Geography History History Prize Winners nobel Prize Physics.Year, Winners. 1915, bragg, sir william Henry bragg, william lawrence. http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/GeogHist/histories/prizewinners/nobelprize/p

Themes History Prize Winners Nobel Prize Year Winners Röntgen, Wilhelm Conrad Lorentz, Hendrik Antoon Zeeman, Pieter Becquerel, Antoine Henri ... Bragg, William Lawrence The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section Barkla, Charles Glover Planck, Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Stark, Johannes Guillaume, Charles Edouard ... Raman, Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section Heisenberg, Werner Karl Schrödinger, Erwin Dirac, Paul Adrien Maurice The prize money was 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section Chadwick, James Hess, Victor Franz Anderson, Carl David Davisson, Clinton Joseph ... Lawrence, Ernest Orlando The prize money was 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section The prize money was 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section The prize money was 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section Stern, Otto

27. Nobelova Cena Za Fyziku Nils Gustaff Dalén, 1913 Heike KamerlinghOnnes, 1914 Max Theodor Felix von Laue,1915 sir william Henry bragg, sir william lawrence bragg, 1916 penežní http://www.converter.cz/nobel.htm

Nobelova cena za fyziku Domovská stránka Nobelova cena Laureáti Nobelovy ceny za fyziku Nobelova cena za fyziku a její laureáti. U nìkterých fyzikù je dostupný jejich životopis. Dostupné je také za co Nobelovu cenu fyzici získali Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen Hendrik Antoon Lorentz Pieter Zeeman ... Philipp Eduard Anton von Lenard , 1906 Sir Joseph John Thomson, 1907 Albert Abraham Michelson , 1908 Gabriel Lippmann, 1909 Guglielmo Marchese Marconi, Carl Ferdinand Braun Johannes Diderik van der Waals Wilhelm Carl Werner Wien , 1912 Nils Gustaff Dalén, 1913 Heike Kamerlingh-Onnes, 1914 Max Theodor Felix von Laue, 1915 Sir William Henry Bragg, Sir William Lawrence Bragg, 1916 penìžní cena byla vložena do zvláštního fondu, 1917 Charles Glover Barkla, 1918 Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck , 1919 Johannes Stark Charles Edouard Guillaume, 1921 Albert Einstein Niels Bohr , 1923 Robert Andrews Millikan, 1924 Karl Manne Georg Siegbahn , 1925 James Franck, Gustav Hertz , 1926 Jean Baptiste Perrin, 1927 Arthur Holly Compton, Charles Thomson Rees Wilson, 1928 Sir Owen Williams Richardson, 1929 Louis Victor de Broglie Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman, 1931 penìžní cena byla vložena do zvláštního fondu, 1932

28. Nobel Prize In Physics Since 1901 bragg, sir william lawrence.1917. http://www.planet101.com/nobel_physics_hist.htm

Nobel Prize in Physics since 1901 Year Winners Roentgen, Wilhelm Conrad Lorentz, Hendrik Antoon Zeeman, Pieter Becquerel, Antoine Henri; Curie, Marie; Curie, Pierre Rayleigh, Lord John William Strutt Lenard, Philipp Eduard Anton Thomson, Sir Joseph John Michelson, Albert Abraham Lippmann, Gabriel Braun, Carl Ferdinand Marconi, Guglielmo Van Der Waals, Johannes Diderik Wien, Wilhelm Dalen, Nils Gustaf Kamerlingh-Onnes, Heike Laue, Max Von Bragg, Sir William Henry; Bragg, Sir William Lawrence Barkla, Charles Glover Planck, Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Stark, Johannes Guillaume, Charles Edouard Einstein, Albert Bohr, Niels Millikan, Robert Andrews Siegbahn, Karl Manne Georg Franck, James; Hertz, Gustav Perrin, Jean Baptiste Compton, Arthur Holly; Wilson, Charles Thomson Rees Richardson, Sir Owen Willans De Broglie, Prince Louis-Victor Raman, Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Heisenberg, Werner Dirac, Paul Adrien Maurice; Schroedinger, Erwin Chadwick, Sir James

29. Fq - Prémios Nobel Da Física 1915 sir william Henry bragg, william lawrence bragg; 1914 Max http://atelier.uarte.mct.pt/fq/quem/nobelfis.htm

Temas disponíveis Ácido-base Astronomia Átomo Dinâmica Electricidade Energia Estado gasoso Laboratório Orgânica Precipitação Reacções Soluções Substâncias Quem? Tabelas Outros links Índice Menu principal quem? Páginas neste tema Bibliografia Biografias Prémios Nobel da Física Prémios Nobel da Química Prémios Nobel da Física Galardoados com o Prémio Nobel da Física, atribuído pela Fundação Nobel , para distinguir trabalhos de grande importância na investigação Física: 2002 Raymond Davis Jr., Masatoshi Koshiba, Riccardo Giacconi 2001 Eric A. Cornell, Wolfgang Ketterle, Carl E. Wieman 2000 Zhores I. Alferov, Herbert Kroemer, Jack S. Kilby 1999 Gerardus 't Hooft, Martinus J.G. Veltman 1998 Robert B. Laughlin, Horst L. Störmer, Daniel C. Tsui 1997 Steven Chu, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, William D. Phillips 1996 David M. Lee, Douglas D. Osheroff, Robert C. Richardson 1995 Martin L. Perl, Frederick Reines 1994 Bertram N. Brockhouse, Clifford G. Shull

30. Premio Nobel De Física - Wikipedia Translate this page Ver enlace http//www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/index Planck 1917 Charles GloverBarkla 1915 sir william Henry bragg, william lawrence bragg 1914 Max http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premio_Nobel/Física

Portada Cambios Recientes Edita esta página Historia Páginas especiales Preferencias de usuario Mi lista de seguimiento Cambio Recientes Subir una imagen Lista de imágenes Usuarios registrados Estadísticas del sitio Artículo aleatorio Artículos huérfanos Imágenes huérfanas Artículos populares Artículos más solicitados Artículos cortos Artículos largos Artículos nuevos Todas las páginas (alfabético) Direcciones IP bloqueadas Página de mantención Fuentes externas de libros Versión para imprimir Discusión Registrase/Entrar Ayuda Otros idiomas: Dansk(Danés) English (Inglés) Esperanto Nederlands (Holandés) Premio Nobel de Física (Redirigido desde Premio Nobel/Física Ver enlace: http://www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/index.html Raymond Davis, Masatoshi Koshiba, Riccardo Giacconi Eric A. Cornell, Wolfgang Ketterle, Carl E. Wieman Zhores I. Alferov, Herbert Kroemer, Jack S. Kilby Gerardus 't Hooft Martinus J.G. Veltman Robert B. Laughlin, Horst L. Störmer, Daniel C. Tsui Steven Chu, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, William D. Phillips David M. Lee, Douglas D. Osheroff, Robert C. Richardson Martin L. Perl, Frederick Reines

31. Physics Nobel Laureates 1901 - 1924 The first nobel Prize was awarded to bragg, sir william lawrence, Great Britain,Victoria University, Manchester, * 1890 (in Adelaide, Australia), + 1971 http://www1.physik.tu-muenchen.de/~gammel/matpack/html/Chronics/physics_laureate

The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Kungl. Vetenskapsakademien Physics 1901 The first Nobel Prize was awarded to: RÖNTGEN, WILHELM CONRAD, Germany, Munich University, "in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the remarkable rays subsequently named after him". Physics 1902 The prize was awarded jointly to: LORENTZ, HENDRIK ANTOON, the Netherlands, Leyden University, + 1928; and ZEEMAN, PIETER, the Netherlands, Amsterdam University, "in recognition of the extraordinary service they rendered by their researches into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena". Physics 1903 The prize was divided, one half being awarded to: BECQUEREL, ANTOINE HENRI, France, École Polytechnique, Paris, "in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his discovery of spontaneous radioactivity"; the other half jointly to: CURIE, PIERRE, France, École municipale de physique et de chimie industrielles, (Municipal School of IndustrialPhysics and Chemistry), Paris, + 1906; and his wife

32. So Biografias: Nobel Fisica 1 Translate this page Lista dos Ganhadores dos Prêmio nobel de Física* 1915 Dois ganhadores sir williamHENRY bragg / sir william lawrence bragg Desenvolvimento de estudos http://www.sobiografias.hpg.ig.com.br/RolNobF1.html

Lista dos Ganhadores dos Descoberta do Raios X. Dois ganhadores: HENDRIK ANTOON LORENTZ PIETER ZEEMAN efeito Zeeman ANTOINE HENRI BECQUEREL PIERRE CURIE LORD JOHN WILLIAM STRUTT RAYLEIGH ... GABRIEL JONAS LIPPMANN Desenvolvimento da fotografia a cores (em espectrografia). Dois ganhadores: GUGLIELMO MARCONI KARL FERDINAND BRAUN JOHANNES DIDERIK VAN DER WAALS WILHELM WIEN ... MAX THEODOR FELIX VON LAUE Dois ganhadores: SIR WILLIAM HENRY BRAGG SIR WILLIAM LAWRENCE BRAGG Desenvolvimento de estudos sobre a estrutura dos cristais por meio dos raios X CHARLES GLOVER BARKLA MAX KARL ERNST LUDWIG PLANCK JOHANNES STARK efeito de Doppler dos raios canais. CHARLES EDOUARD GUILLAUME ALBERT EINSTEIN NIELS HENRIK DAVID BOHR ROBERT ANDREWS MILLIKAN ... KARL MANNE GEORG SIEGBAHN Pesquisas e descobertas na espectrocopia dos raios X. Dois ganhadores: JAMES FRANCK GUSTAV LUDWIG HERTZ Fonte principal: Museu Nobel

33. William Henry Bragg Translate this page william Henry bragg, sir em Leeds e iniciou, junto com o filho, william lawrence bragg,suas pesquisas Ambos, pai e filho, dividiram o Prêmio nobel de Física http://www.sobiografias.hpg.ig.com.br/WilliHeB.html

William Henry Bragg Sir William Lawrence Bragg , no estrudos sobre a estrutura dos cristais e a Gwendoline Todd William Lawrence Rutherford William Lawrence Bragg Philosophical Magazine e os Proceedings da Royal Society . Escreveu ainda T he Universe of Light Figura copiada do site LES GRANDS CHIMISTES: http://www.chm.ulaval.ca/grandschim/ Nova B U S C A :

34. Teaching Resources - Famous Australian Scientists The nobel Prize in Physics 1915 sir william bragg and sir (william)lawrence bragg http//www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/1915/ Burnet. http://science.uniserve.edu.au/school/resource/famsci.html

General Resources Bright Sparcs - from The University of Melbourne, more than 4000 people involved in the development of science, technology and medicine in Australia http://www.asap.unimelb.edu.au/bsparcs/bsparcshome.htm The Teachers' Guide to Bright Sparcs - to accompany the web site above http://www.asap.unimelb.edu.au/bsparcs/guides/t_teachers.htm Nobel e-Museum - the offical web site of the Nobel Foundation http://www.nobel.se/ Australian Nobel Prize Winners - from Tall Poppy Campaign, Australian Institute of Political Science http://www.tallpoppies.net.au/australianachievers/oznp.htm Great Australian Achievers - from Tall Poppy Campaign, Australian Institute of Political Science http://www.tallpoppies.net.au/australianachievers/ The Faculty's Hall of Fame - from The Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney http://www.scifac.usyd.edu.au/about/fame.html Interviews with Australian scientists - from The Australian Academy of Science http://www.science.org.au/scientists/ Biographical memoirs - from The Australian Academy of Science http://www.science.org.au/academy/memoirs/

35. Phys Nobel List Translate this page Selective List of nobel Prize Winners in Physics and 1918 Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck1915 sir william Henry bragg, william lawrence bragg 1907 Albert http://bengal.missouri.edu/~kosztini/courses/phys215-03/Phys_Nobel_List.html

Selective List of Nobel Prize Winners in Physics and Chemistry Physics Eric A. Cornell, Wolfgang Ketterle, Carl E. Wieman Zhores I. Alferov, Herbert Kroemer, Jack S. Kilby Steven Chu, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, William D. Phillips ... Ernest Rutherford

36. Nobel For Physics: All Laureates 1915 sir william Henry bragg, william lawrence bragg 1914 Max Albert Abraham Michelson1906 sir Joseph John von Lenard 1904 Lord (John william Strutt) Rayleigh http://www.popular-science.net/nobel/phy-list.html

NOBEL Read More on the Nobel Prize: Nobel Minds 2001 Awards John Nash Women Nobel Prize ... Prize Amounts MINI ALMANAC Calendar Moon phase Popular Science Highlights: IG Nobel 2002 The invention of :-) West Nile Virus Asteroid Impact? ... Book: Russell Read also: Nobel Prize Women in Science : Their Lives, Struggles, and Momentous Discoveries by Sharon Bertsch McGrayne THE NOBEL PRIZE FOR PHYSICS: ALL WINNERS 2001 Eric A. Cornell, Carl E. Wieman, Wolfgang Ketterle 2000 Zhores I Alferov, Herbert Kroemer, Jack S. Kilby 1999 Gerardus 't Hooft, Martinus J.G. Veltman 1998 Robert B. Laughlin, Horst L. Störmer, Daniel C. Tsui 1997 Steven Chu, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, William D. Phillips 1996 David M. Lee, Douglas D. Osheroff, Robert C. Richardson 1995 Martin L. Perl, Frederick Reines 1994 Bertram N. Brockhouse, Clifford G. Shull 1993 Russell A. Hulse, Joseph H. Taylor Jr.

37. FÍSICA - 100 Anos De Nobel - Prêmios De Física Translate this page 1915 - sir william Henry bragg - sir william lawrence bragg Pai e filho.Pela análise da estrutura de cristais usando difração de raios-X. http://www.fisica.ufc.br/donafifi/nobel100/nobel8.htm

LISTA DOS NOBELISTAS DE FÍSICA NOTA: O prêmio deixou de ser concedido em alguns anos. 1901 - Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen Pela descoberta dos raios-X. 1902 - Hendrik Antoon Lorentz - Pieter Zeeman Estudaram a modificação dos espectros por campos magnéticos. 1903 - Marie Sklodowska Curie - Pierre Curie - Antoine Henri Becquerel Pela descoberta e estudo da radioatividade natural. 1904 - John William Strutt, Lord Rayleigh Por seus trabalhos com gases. 1905 - Phillip Edouard Lenard Por seus trabalhos com os raios catódicos. 1906 - Sir Joseph John Thomson Pela descoberta do elétron. 1907 - Albert Abraham Michelson Por seus instrumentos de medir a velocidade da luz. 1908 - Gabriel Jonas Lippmann Por um método de reproduzir cores por interferometria. 1909 - Guglielmo Marconi - Karl Ferdinand Braun Pela telegrafia sem fio. 1910 - Johannes Diderik Van der Waals Estudou a equação de estado de gases e líquidos. 1911 - Wilhelm Frans Wien Pelo estudo das leis da radiação. 1912 - Gustaf Dalen Inventou um regulador de faróis e bóias. 1913 - Heine Kamerlingh Onnes Por seus trabalhos em baixas temperaturas e por ter liquefeito o hélio.

38. Nobel Prizes In Physics of atoms in crystals (Laue diagrams) 1915 sir william Henry bragg (United Kingdom,186207-02 - 1942-03-12) william lawrence bragg (United Kingdom http://userpage.chemie.fu-berlin.de/diverse/bib/nobel_physik_e.html

Nobel Prizes in Physics Deutsche Version dieser Seite (Information not checked) (Germany, 1845-03-27 - 1923-02-10) Discovery of X rays Hendrik A. Lorentz (Netherlands, 1853-07-18 - 1929-02-04) Pieter Zeeman (Netherlands, 1865-05-25 - 1943-10-09) Henri A. Becquerel (France, 1852-12-15 - 1908-08-25) Marie Curie (France, Poland, 1867-11-07 - 1934-07-04) Pierre Curie (France, 1859-05-15 - 1906-04-19) Discovery of radioactivity Lord Rayleigh (United Kingdom) Philipp E. Lenard (Germany, 1862-06-07 - 1947-05-20) Joseph J. Thomson (United Kingdom, 1856-12-18 - 1940-04-30) Conduction of electricity in gases Albert A. Michelson (USA, 1852-12-19 - 1931-05-09) Measurement of the speed of light G. Lippmann (France) Karl Ferdinand Braun (Germany, 1850-06-06 - 1918-04-20) Guglielmo Marconi (Italy, 1874-04-25 - 1937-07-20) wireless telegraphy Johann D. van der Waals (Netherlands, 1837-11-23 - 1923-03-07) Molecular forces Wilhelm Wien (Germany, 1864-01-13 - 1928-08-30) Heat radiation (Sweden) H. Kamerlingh Onnes (Netherlands) Max von Laue (Germany, 1879-10-09 - 1960-04-24)

39. Study In Australia - Nobel Prize Winners 1915. Physics. sir (william) lawrence bragg. The youngest recipient of the NobelPrize which was jointly awarded with his father, sir william Henry bragg. http://studyinaustralia.gov.au/Sia/en/WhyAustralia/NobelPrizes.htm

var strLanguage ='en'; var blnAuthoringMode=false; Study in Australia TM study wizard Faq Interactive map Need help? ... Help in your country Australian Nobel Prize winners Medicine Dr Peter Charles Doherty Awarded the Nobel Prize for his research concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence. Dr Doherty completed his Bachelor and Masters degree at the University of Queensland in medicine and surgery. Chemistry Sir John Warcup Cornforth His research provided insights into the way the chemistry of enzymes is influenced by their three-dimensional structure. He is a graduate of the University of Sydney. Literature Patrick White Awarded the Nobel Prize for literature for The Eye of the Storm . He won numerous other awards including the Miles Franklin for his other works. Patrick White was educated in Sydney. Medicine Sir John Carew Eccles Awarded the 1963 Nobel Prize for medicine and physiology for work on the transmission of the nerve impulse. Sire John was educated in Melbourne. Medicine Sir (Frank) Macfarlane Burnet Awarded the Nobel Prize for medicine for his 'clonal selection' theory of antibody production and his insights into the phenomenon of immunological tolerance. It is said he provided the foundation for modern biotechnology and genetic engineering.

40. Molecular Expressions Microscopy Primer: Light And Color - Diffraction Of Light william Henry bragg (18621942) - sir william Henry bragg achievement, william Henrybragg and william lawrence bragg were awarded the nobel Prize in http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/lightandcolor/diffractionhome.html

Microscopy Primer Light and Color Microscope Basics Special Techniques ... Home The Galleries: Photo Gallery Silicon Zoo Pharmaceuticals Chip Shots ... Movie Gallery Diffraction of Light In his 1704 treatise on the theory of optical phenomena ( Opticks Introduction to Diffraction Sir George Biddell Airy (1801-1892) - Sir George Airy was a distinguished nineteenth century English Astronomer Royal who carried out optical research and first drew attention to the visual defect of astigmatism. Airy manufactured the first correcting eyeglasses (1825) using a cylindrical lens design that is still in use. The diffraction disks that bear his name (Airy Disks) were discovered in the spherical center of a wavefront traveling through a circular aperture. These diffraction patterns form the smallest unit that comprises an image, thus determining the limits of optical resolution. Jacques Babinet (1794-1872) - Jacques Babinet was a French physicist, mathematician, and astronomer born in Lusignan, who is most famous for his contributions to optics. Among Babinet's accomplishments are the 1827 standardization of the Ångström unit for measuring light using the red cadmium line's wavelength, and the principle (bearing his name) that similar diffraction patterns are produced by two complementary screens. William Henry Bragg (1862-1942) - Sir William Henry Bragg was a noted British physicist and President of the Royal Society who had numerous research interests, but the work that earned him a rank as one the great leaders in science was his historic advancements in X-ray crystallography. Working with his son William Lawrence Bragg, he developed a method of bombarding single crystals with high-energy X-rays emitted by specially constructed vacuum tubes. By examining the pattern of X-rays diffracted by various crystals, Bragg and his son were able to establish some fundamental mathematical relationships between an atomic crystal structure and its diffraction pattern. For this achievement, William Henry Bragg and William Lawrence Bragg were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1915.

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