1. Claude Cohen-Tannoudji - Autobiography In fact, our name, cohentannoudji, means simply the Landré, Gilbert Grynberg, MaryvonneLedourneuf, claude Fabre were the subject of the nobel Lecture which http://www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/1997/cohen-tannoudji-autobio.html

I was born on April 1, 1933 in Constantine, Algeria, which was then part of France. My family, originally from Tangiers, settled in Tunisia and then in Algeria in the 16th century after having fled Spain during the Inquisition. In fact, our name, Cohen-Tannoudji, means simply the Cohen family from Tangiers. The Algerian Jews obtained the French citizenship in 1870 after Algeria became a French colony in 1830. My parents lived a modest life and their main concern was the education of their children. My father was a self-taught man but had a great intellectual curiosity, not only for biblical and talmudic texts, but also for philosophy, psychoanalysis and history. He passed on to me his taste for studies, for discussion, for debate, and he taught me what I regard as being the fundamental features of the Jewish tradition - studying, learning and sharing knowledge with others. As a child, I was very lucky to escape the tragic events which marked this century. The arrival of the Americans in Algeria, in November of 1942, saved us from the nazi persecutions that were spreading throughout Europe at the time. I completed my primary and secondary school education in Algiers. And I was also lucky enough to finish high school in very good conditions and to leave Algiers for Paris, in 1953, before the war in Algeria and the stormy period that preceded the independence.

2. Physics 1997 This includes the press release of the nobel Committee for the prize given to Steven Chu, claude cohentannoudji, and William D. Phillips, for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light. For those wanting more scientific details, be sure to click the link for Additional background material under Further Reading. http://www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/1997/index.html

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1997 "for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light" Steven Chu Claude Cohen-Tannoudji William D. Phillips 1/3 of the prize 1/3 of the prize 1/3 of the prize USA France USA Stanford University Stanford, CA, USA Collège de France; École Normale Supérieure Paris, France National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg, MD, USA b. 1948 b. 1933 (in Constantine, Algeria) b. 1948 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1997 Press Release Presentation Speech Illustrated Presentation ... Other Resources The 1997 Prize in: Physics Chemistry Physiology or Medicine Literature ... Economic Sciences Find a Laureate: Last modified June 16, 2000 The Official Web Site of The Nobel Foundation

3. Physics 1997 This includes the press release of the nobel Committee for the prize given to Steven Chu, claude Cohen-Ta Category Science Technology Cryotechnology Absolute Zero...... Resources. claude cohentannoudji Autobiography nobel Lecture BanquetSpeech nobel Diploma Prize Award Photo Other Resources. William http://www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/1997/

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1997 "for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light" Steven Chu Claude Cohen-Tannoudji William D. Phillips 1/3 of the prize 1/3 of the prize 1/3 of the prize USA France USA Stanford University Stanford, CA, USA Collège de France; École Normale Supérieure Paris, France National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg, MD, USA b. 1948 b. 1933 (in Constantine, Algeria) b. 1948 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1997 Press Release Presentation Speech Illustrated Presentation ... Other Resources The 1997 Prize in: Physics Chemistry Physiology or Medicine Literature ... Economic Sciences Find a Laureate: Last modified June 16, 2000 The Official Web Site of The Nobel Foundation

4. Claude Cohen-Tannoudji Winner Of The 1997 Nobel Prize In Physics 1997 nobel Laureate in Physics for development of methods to cool and Photons andAtoms Introduction to Quantum Electrodynamics by claude cohentannoudji et. http://almaz.com/nobel/physics/1997b.html

C LAUDE C OHEN- T ANNOUDJI 1997 Nobel Laureate in Physics for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light. Background Born: 1933 Place of birth: Constantine, Algeria Education: Ph.D.'62 from the Ecole Normale Superieure in Paris, France Residence: Paris, France Affiliation: Laboratoire de Physique de Icole Normale Supirieure, Paris, France Book Store Photons and Atoms: Introduction to Quantum Electrodynamics by Claude Cohen-Tannoudji et. al. Other books by Claude Cohen-Tannoudji Lasers - a thorough treatment of lasers and related fields Other books on lasers are available here for browsing Featured Internet Links Prize co-recipient: Steven Chu Prize co-recipient: William D. Phillips Official award announcement and brief background Additional background on the discovery Search WWW Search The Nobel Prize Internet Archive Links added by Nobel Internet Archive visitors CNN coverage of the 1997 Physics Nobel Prize MSNBC's coverage of the Prize Die Nobelpreise 1997 in deutscher Sprache (submitted by Spektrum der Wissenschaft) Claude Cohen-Tannoudji receives the 1996 CNRS Gold Medal Atom cooling and trapping Atom Optics, Cooling, and Trapping

5. Steven Chu Winner Of The 1997 Nobel Prize In Physics Featured Internet Links Prize corecipient claude cohen-tannoudji; Prize co-recipientWilliam D Google, Search WWW Search The nobel Prize Internet Archive. http://almaz.com/nobel/physics/1997a.html

S TEVEN C HU 1997 Nobel Laureate in Physics for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light. Background Born: 1948 Place of birth: St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.A. Education: Ph.D.'76 from the University of California, Berkeley Residence: California, U.S.A. Affiliation: Physics Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, U.S.A. Email: schu@leland.stanford.edu Phone: (415)-723-3571 Fax: (415)-723-9173 Book Store Photons and Atoms: Introduction to Quantum Electrodynamics by Claude Cohen-Tannoudji et. al. Lasers - a thorough treatment of lasers and related fields Other books on lasers are available here for browsing Featured Internet Links Prize co-recipient: Claude Cohen-Tannoudji Prize co-recipient: William D. Phillips Official award announcement and brief background Additional background on the discovery ... Professor Chu's Home Page at Stanford University (submitted by Marcos Montes Stanford University Press Release An article in Stanford Online Report Search WWW Search The Nobel Prize Internet Archive Links added by Nobel Internet Archive visitors CNN coverage of the 1997 Physics Nobel Prize MSNBC's coverage of the Prize Atom cooling and trapping Atom Optics, Cooling, and Trapping

6. Cohen-Tannoudji, Claude cohentannoudji, claude. (b. April 1, 1933, Constantine, Alg.), French physicistwho shared the nobel Prize for Physics in 1997 with Steven Chu and William D http://www.britannica.com/nobel/micro/736_9.html

Cohen-Tannoudji, Claude (b. April 1, 1933, Constantine, Alg.), French physicist who shared the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1997 with Steven Chu and William D. Phillips . They received the award for their development of techniques that use laser light to cool atoms to extremely low temperatures. At such temperatures the atoms move slowly enough to be examined in detail. Cohen-Tannoudji was educated at the École Normale Supérieure (ENS), Paris, receiving his doctorate in 1962. After graduating he continued to work as a research scientist in the department of physics at ENS, while also teaching at the University of Paris VI from 1964 to 1973 and at the College of France from 1973. Cohen-Tannoudji and his colleagues at ENS expanded on the work of Chu and Phillips, successfully explaining a seeming discrepancy in theory and devising new mechanisms for cooling and trapping atoms with laser light. In 1995 they cooled helium atoms to within eighteen-millionths of a degree above absolute zero (-273.15 C, or -459.67

7. 1997 Nobel Laureates October 15. physics, cohentannoudji, claude, France, process of trappingatoms with laser cooling, Wednesday, October 15. physics, Phillips http://www.britannica.com/nobel/win_1997.html

Category 1997 Winner Country Prize-Winning Achievement Announcement chemistry Boyer, Paul D. United States explanation of the enzymatic conversion of adenosine triphosphate Wednesday, October 15 chemistry Skou, Jens C. Denmark discovery of sodium-potassium- activated adenosine triphosphatase Wednesday, October 15 chemistry Walker, John E. United Kingdom explanation of the enzymatic conversion of adenosine triphosphate Wednesday, October 15 physics Chu, Steven see Britannica's Nobelists United States process of trapping atoms with laser cooling Wednesday, October 15 physics Cohen-Tannoudji, Claude France process of trapping atoms with laser cooling Wednesday, October 15 physics Phillips, William D. United States process of trapping atoms with laser cooling Wednesday, October 15 economics Merton, Robert C. United States method for determining the value of stock options and other derivatives Tuesday, October 14 economics Scholes, Myron S. United States method for determining the value of stock options and other derivatives Tuesday

8. Claude Cohen-Tannoudji - Prix Nobel De Physique - Le Site De Djamila Translate this page claude cohen-tannoudji est né en 1933 à Constantine, Algérie. non-équilibréstrès propices, et pour lequel Alfred Kastler a reçu le Prix nobel en 1965. http://users.antrasite.be/ppoisse/Documents/tannoudji.htm

index sommaire amis annonces ... Remplissez le formulaire de perdu de recherche Claude Cohen-Tannoudji Propos recueillis sur le site : http://optro2002.free.fr/cohen.html

9. Optro2002 - Claude Cohen-Tannoudji Translate this page gold medal of the CNRS (1996), and shared the 1997 nobel prize with S. Chu and W.Phillips for his work on laser cooling. claude cohen-tannoudji est également http://optro2002.free.fr/cohen.html

Retour / Return Claude Cohen-Tannoudji est né en 1933 à Constantine, Algérie. En 1953, il a été admis à l'Ecole Normale Supérieure à Paris, où il a étudié les mathématiques et les sciences physiques et il a obtenu une Agrégation en Sciences Physiques. Claude Cohen-Tannoudji was born in 1933 in Constantine (Algeria). He was admitted in 1953 to the Ecole Normale Supérieure in Paris, where he studied mathematics and physics, and obtained the " Agregation " in Physical Sciences. En 1955, il rejoint le groupe de recherche d'Alfred Kastler et Jean Brossel à l'Ecole Normale supérieure. Le groupe développait le pompage optique, une méthode très efficace pour étudier les atomes et les produire dans des états non-équilibrés très propices, et pour lequel Alfred Kastler a reçu le Prix Nobel en 1965. Il a obtenu son doctorat en 1962. Pendant les travaux sur sa thèse, il a été le premier à prédire et à observer les déplacements lumineux, perturbations de l'énergie dans les niveaux atomiques induites par la radiation électromagnétique qui les illumine. Il a été nommé au CNRS (Centre National d'Etudes Scientifiques) et est devenu professeur à l'Université de Paris. Il a développé le modèle de l'atome habillé, une approche globale des systèmes atomiques, dont les propriétés sont modifiées par les photons qui les entourent. In 1955, he joined Alfred Kastler and Jean Brossel research group at the Ecole Normale Supérieure, which was developing optical pumping, a very fruitful method to study atoms and produce them in well-chosen non-equilibrium states, for which Alfred Kastler was awarded the Nobel prize in 1965. He obtained his PhD in 1962. During his thesis work, he was the first to predict and observe the so-called " light-shifts ", which are perturbations of the positions of the atomic energy levels induced by the electromagnetic radiation that illuminates them. He was appointed by the CNRS (French National Center for Scientific Research), then became professor at the University of Paris. He developed the dressed atom model, a comprehensive approach of atomic systems the properties of which are modified by the photons that surround them.

10. Le Monde.fr : Claude Cohen-Tannoudji : Translate this page claude cohen-tannoudji Prix nobel de physique, professeur au Collègede France Né le 1er avril 1933 à Constantine, Algérie. http://www.lemonde.fr/article/0,5987,3328--205212-,00.html

jeudi 17 avril 2003 Université de tous les savoirs OAS_AD('TopLeft'); Rechercher un article aujourd'hui depuis 7 jours depuis un mois depuis 1 an ACTUALITES EDITION ABONNES OAS_AD('Left'); CHAINES ANNONCES SERVICES LE QUOTIDIEN Claude Cohen-Tannoudji : Format Real audio Claude Cohen-Tannoudji Statut Parcours Publications (Les Houches, 1964), , Tomes I, et II (Hermann, 1973), et en solo, Atoms in Electromagnetic Fields (World Scientific Singapour, 1994). Associations Distinctions et Prix -1971 : Grand prix de Physique Jean Ricard. Claude Cohen- Tannoudji I D.R. sur le net Centre national de la recherche scientifique Illusions perceptives et perception de la forme Droits de reproduction et de diffusion réservés © Le Monde Usage strictement personnel. L'utilisateur du site reconnaît avoir pris connaissance de la licence de droits d'usage, en accepter et en respecter les dispositions. Politique de confidentialité du site. Besoin d'aide ? faq.lemonde.fr Description des services payants Qui sommes-nous ? Abonnés du quotidien, vous avez un message La fréquentation de ce site est contrôlée et certifiée par Diffusion Contrôle OAS_AD('Bottom');

11. Nobel 97 - 1 - NOVEMBRE 1997 nous a déclaré avec humilité claude cohen-tannoudji, le nouveau nobel. http://www.cite-sciences.fr/actu/numeros/N54_nov97/kiosques/html/nobel1.html

SCIENCE ACTUALITES - NOVEMBRE 1997 - Le Nobel de physique Steven Chu "Mon prix n'est que le fruit des efforts menés par ceux qui ont reconstruit l'école de physique en France au lendemain de la guerre" "Claude, c'est le théoricien des interactions de la lumière laser avec les atomes de la matière; Bill, c'est l'auteur de la première expérience de ralentissement d'un jet d'atomes par un faisceau laser se propageant en sens contraire; et Steven, lui, est l'auteur de la première expérience de piégeage par lumière laser, de la première mélasse optique." Claude Cohen-Tannoudji William D.Phillips "Tout à fait entre nous, on avait un peu peur que le Nobel aille à des physiciens comme, par exemple, Ketterle du MIT à Boston ou Weiman et Cornell à Boulder, au Colorado. Ils font partie de la jeune génération de physiciens, les pères des condensats de Bose-Einstein, ce nouvel état de la matière qui découle des travaux menés par la génération de Claude et qui a fasciné récemment le monde des physiciens de l'atome". * REMY BRUCKERT Cliquez ici Sommaire des kiosques A la une

12. Claude Cohen-Tannoudjii Translate this page De grâce, laissons les chercheurs chercher, insiste claude cohen-tannoudji. facétieux,Steven Chu, qui, avec William D. Phillips, a partagé ce nobel avec lui http://ambafrance-ca.org/HYPERLAB/PEOPLE/cohen.html

Claude Cohen-Tannoudjii L'académie royale des sciences de Suède a distingué en octobre 1997 les maîtres du froid et de la lumière pour le prix Nobel de physique. En quinze ans, le français Claude Cohen-Tanoudjii et les américains Steven Chu et William D. Phillips ont su domestiquer les atomes avec des blizzards de lumière produits par les lasers. Les records de température ainsi obtenus sont aux limites du froid absolu (-273.15°C). Ces recherches très fondamentales ont déjà donné lieu à des applications avec la mise au point d'une horloge à atomes froids cent à mille foid plus précise que les instruments actuels. Les maîtres du froid et de la lumière Claude Cohen-Tanoudjii, jongleur d'atomes Les maîtres du froid et de la lumière Leur terrain de jeu, c'est ce-lui du calme et de l'infiniment petit. Alors que leurs collègues des hautes énergies fracassent les atomes et déchaînent leur puissance, Steven Chu, du département de physique de l'université Stanford (Californie), et Wirliam D. Phirlips, du National Institute of Standards and Technology (Maryland), et Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, du laboratoire Kastler-Brossel de l'Ecole normale supérieure (Paris), les domptent, brisent leurs élans et finalement les piègent dans un univers de lumière. Pour bien comprendre leur travail, il ne faut pas hésiter à se couvrir chaudement. Ces hommes flirtent avec le froid absolu. Un froid qui « paralyse » même les atomes, d'ordinaire si turbulents. A température ambiante, ces derniers « volent » dans l'atmosphère à des vitesses de 4 000 kilomètres à l'heure ! Plus il fait chaud, plus ils vont vite. Comme les enfants dans une cour d'école. Mais que la cloche sonne et tout ce petit monde se calme.

13. Three Win Physics Nobel D. Phillips, Steven Chu, and French scientist claude cohentannoudji were awardedthe nobel Prize in Physics for development of methods to trap and cool atoms. http://more.abcnews.go.com/sections/world/nobelscience1015/

Cooled and Trapped Atoms With Laser Light Three Win Physics Nobel RELATED STORIES Three Win Chemistry Nobel Economics Nobel Honors Options Industry Peace Prizewinner Lashes Out Italian Playwright Wins Nobel Lit. Prize ... Alfred Nobel: a Biography WORLD NEWS added E-mail ABCNEWS.com AWARDS GIVEN Dario Fo Stanley B. Prusiner International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL) and Jody Williams Robert C. Merton and Myron S. Scholes Steven Chu, William D. Phillips and Claude Cohen- Tannoudji Paul D. Boyer, John E. Walker and Jens C. Skou American physicists (from left) William D. Phillips, Steven Chu, and French scientist Claude Cohen-Tannoudji were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for development of methods to trap and cool atoms. (AP Photo) ABCNEWS.com STOCKHOLM, Sweden , Oct. 15 ground-breaking experiments to cool and trap atoms with laser light. Steven Chu of Stanford University, William D. Phillips of the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology in Maryland and Claude Cohen-Tannoudji of France will share the $1 million awarded with the prize on Dec. 10. Type in a year (after 1900) and pick a category to see who won.

14. Untitled Translate this page 17 Georges CHARPAK. Des détecteurs de particules à la biologie 18 claude cohen-tannoudji.Prix nobel 1997. Les atomes froids. 20 claude cohen-tannoudji. http://www.espace-sciences.org/ListeMoteurs.asp?no=56

15. The 1996 CNRS Gold Medal claude cohentannoudji is a member of the French Academy of Sciences, a graduateof the Ecole Normale Supérieure and a former student of Alfred Kastler (nobel http://www.cnrs.fr/cw/en/nomi/prix/or96.html

Claude Cohen-Tannoudji is awarded the 1996 CNRS Gold Medal Every year since 1954, the CNRS has awarded its highest distinction, the Gold Medal, to outstanding members of the French scientific community whose work has contributed in an exceptional manner to the development and influence of French research. The medal is a crowning reward to scientists whose work and career have earned them international acclaim. The physicist Claude Cohen-Tannoudji was awarded the 1996 CNRS Gold Medal for his work on quantum optics and the interactions between atoms and electromagnetic waves. Understanding these interactions is of crucial importance to basic physics and technology. His work and that of his collaborators has led to the discovery of a new field of nuclear physics and opened new prospects for scientific research in terms both of theoretical knowledge and practical applications. In a context of intense international competition, his research and teaching have greatly contributed to the development of French nuclear physics, thanks to which, in this field of science, France now plays a pioneering role in the world. Claude Cohen-Tannoudji is a member of the French Academy of Sciences , a graduate of the Ecole Normale Supérieure and a former student of Alfred Kastler (Nobel Prize in physics) and Jean Brossel, who supervised his doctoral dissertation. His entire scientific career was spent at the

16. Médaille D'or Du CNRS 1996 Translate this page claude cohen-tannoudji est Membre de l'Institut, ancien élève de l'Ecole NormaleSupérieure et ancien d'élève d'Alfred Kastler (prix nobel de physique) et http://www.cnrs.fr/cw/fr/nomi/prix/or96.html

Claude Cohen-Tannoudji reçoit la Médaille d'or du CNRS 1996 Décernée par le CNRS, la Médaille d'or est attribuée chaque année, depuis sa création en 1954, à des personnalités qui ont contribué, d'une manière exceptionnelle et dans des disciplines diverses, au dynamisme et au rayonnement de la Recherche en France. Elle couronne ainsi l'ensemble de l'oeuvre et la carrière d'éminents scientifiques de renommée internationale. Le physicien Claude Cohen-Tannoudji reçoit la Médaille d'or du CNRS 1996 pour l'ensemble de ses travaux sur l'optique quantique et les interactions entre les atomes et les ondes électromagnétiques . La compréhension de ces interactions est d'une importance capitale, aussi bien pour la physique fondamentale que pour le monde technologique. Ses recherches et celles des équipes qu'il a dirigées ont ouvert un nouveau domaine de la physique atomique et de grandes perspectives, aussi bien dans la compréhension des phénomènes que dans les applications pratiques. Dans une compétition internationale intense, il a contribué par ses recherches et son enseignement à la création d'une école de physique atomique française parmi les meilleures au monde. Claude Cohen-Tannoudji est Membre de l'Institut , ancien élève de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure et ancien d'élève d'Alfred Kastler (prix Nobel de physique) et de Jean Brossel qui ont dirigé son travail de thèse de doctorat. Il a effectué toute sa carrière scientifique à l'

17. Claude Cohen-Tannoudji - CIRS Translate this page cohen-tannoudji, claude cct@physique.ens.fr. Professeur au Collègede normale supérieure. Prix nobel 97 de Physique. Domaines de http://www.cirs.net/researchers/physics/COHEN-TANNOUDJI.htm

COHEN-TANNOUDJI, CLAUDE cct@physique.ens.fr Professeur au Collège de France (Chaire de Physique Atomique et Moléculaire) et au Département de physique de l' École normale supérieure Prix Nobel 97 de Physique. Domaines de recherche : la physique atomique et moléculaire, le pompage optique, les interactions entre atomes et photons, l'optique quantique et le refroidissement et piégeage d'atomes par faisceaux laser. [home]

18. 1997 Nobel Prize In Physics nobel Lecture Laser cooling and trapping of neutral atoms Rev. Mod. Phys. 70(3),721741 (1998). (PDF 843 kB). claude N. cohen-tannoudji and William D http://physics.nist.gov/News/Nobel/1997nobel.html

Dr. William D. Phillips shares the 1997 Nobel Prize in Physics Official news release: The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences announces the Nobel Prize in Physics Statements and congratulations: Dr. Phillips upon notification of the award U.S. House of Representatives: Committee on Science Department of Commerce (DOC), and NIST: DOC Secretary NIST Acting Director NIST Physics Laboratory Director NIST News Release Nobel Lecture: Laser cooling and trapping of neutral atoms Rev. Mod. Phys. PDF 843 kB) Background: Research projects of Dr. Phillips in the Laser Cooling and Trapping Group Short history of Dr. Phillips' career , and an abbreviated Curriculum Vitae Photographs of Dr. Phillips in his Laser Cooling and Trapping laboratory. A Sampling of Dr. Phillips' technical work: Dr. Phillips reports on results with cold atoms at the 1996 AAAS Meeting. Claude N. Cohen-Tannoudji and William D. Phillips, "New Mechanisms For Laser Cooling" Physics Today 33-40, October 1990. ( PDF 15.1 MB)

19. Press Release: The Nobel Prize In Physics 1997 the 1997 nobel Prize in Physics jointly to Professor Steven Chu, Stanford University,Stanford, California, USA, Professor claude cohentannoudji, Collège de http://physics.nist.gov/News/Nobel/OtherSites/physics97.html

Information Further information is available at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Information Department, Box 50005, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden E-mail: info@kva.se , Website: www.kva.se The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the 1997 Nobel Prize in Physics jointly to Professor Steven Chu , Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA, Professor Claude Cohen-Tannoudji Dr. William D. Phillips , National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light. Atoms floating in optical molasses Steven Chu, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji , and William D. Phillips Slowing down atoms with photons Doppler cooling and optical molasses The slowing down effect described above forms the basis for a powerful method of cooling atoms with laser light. The method was developed around 1985 by Steven Chu and his co-workers at the Bell Laboratories in Holmdel, New Jersey. They used six laser beams opposed in pairs and arranged in three directions at right angles to each other. Sodium atoms from a beam in vacuum were first stopped by an opposed laser beam and then conducted to the intersection of the six cooling laser beams. The light in all six laser beams was slightly red-shifted compared with the characteristic colour absorbed by a stationary sodium atom. The effect was that whichever direction the sodium atoms tried to move they were met by photons of the right energy and pushed back into the area where the six laser beams intersected. At that point there formed what to the naked eye looked like a glowing cloud the size of a pea, consisting of about a million chilled atoms. This type of cooling was named Doppler cooling.

20. Claude Cohen-Tannoudji claude cohentannoudji, nobel Laureate Chemistry. (Autobiography) I was bornon April 1, 1933 in Constantine, Algeria, which was then part of France. http://www.lastar.org/claude.htm

Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, Nobel Laureate Chemistry. (Autobiography) I was born on April 1, 1933 in Constantine, Algeria, which was then part of France. My family, originally from Tangiers, settled in Tunisia and then in Algeria in the 16th century after having fled Spain during the Inquisition. In fact, our name, Cohen-Tannoudji, means simply the Cohen family from Tangiers. The Algerian Jews obtained the French citizenship in 1870 after Algeria became a French colony in 1830. My parents lived a modest life and their main concern was the education of their children. My father was a self-taught man but had a great intellectual curiosity, not only for biblical and talmudic texts, but also for philosophy, psychoanalysis and history. He passed on to me his taste for studies, for discussion, for debate, and he taught me what I regard as being the fundamental features of the Jewish tradition - studying, learning and sharing knowledge with others. As a child, I was very lucky to escape the tragic events which marked this century. The arrival of the Americans in Algeria, in November of 1942, saved us from the nazi persecutions that were spreading throughout Europe at the time. I completed my primary and secondary school education in Algiers. And I was also lucky enough to finish high school in very good conditions and to leave Algiers for Paris, in 1953, before the war in Algeria and the stormy period that preceded the independence.

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