21. NIST PHYSICIST WILLIAM PHILLIPS WINS 1997 NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS was named a cowinner of the 1997 nobel Prize in Physics. He shares the award withSteven Chu of Stanford University and claude cohen-tannoudji, Collège de http://www.nist.gov/public_affairs/releases/n97-26.htm

NIST PHYSICIST WILLIAM PHILLIPS WINS 1997 NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE: Contact: Linda Joy Oct. 15, 1997 NIST 97-26 William D. Phillips , a leading researcher in ultra-low temperature atomic physics at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, today was named a co-winner of the 1997 Nobel Prize in Physics . He shares the award with Steven Chu of Stanford University and Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, Collège de France and École Normale Supérieure, Paris, France. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences selected the trio for work they did independently on the development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light. Phillips will receive his Nobel Prize in Stockholm, Sweden, on Dec. 10, 1997. A resident of Gaithersburg, Md., and a NIST Fellow since 1996, Phillips is internationally known for advancing basic knowledge and new techniques to chill atoms to extremely low temperatures. The cooling and trapping of atoms , a discipline that emerged in the mid-1970s with the advent of laboratory lasers, have allowed scientists to observe and measure quantum phenomena in atoms that seem to defy the physical principles governing our tangible room-temperature realm. After earning his Ph.D. in physics and completing post-doctoral research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Phillips came to NIST (then the National Bureau of Standards) in 1978. His official duties at NBS originally were related to precision electrical measurements. However, he explains, he was allowed to use "stolen moments to dabble in laser-cooling" with lab equipment he brought from MIT. With encouragement from NBS management, he expanded the experiments and demonstrated that a beam of neutral atoms could be slowed and cooled with radiation pressure from a laser.

22. Steven Chu, Former Bell Labs Researcher, Wins Nobel In Physics Using lasers to trap and cool molecules for study. nobel Prize for Chu, Phillips, and cohen-tannoudji.Category Science Technology Cryotechnology Absolute Zero...... 15, the 1997 nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Chu, now at Stanford University,and two others, William Phillips and claude cohentannoudji, for their http://www.bell-labs.com/user/feature/archives/chu/

Former Bell Labs Scientist Steven Chu Wins Nobel Prize The idea of using lasers to trap and cool molecules for study began over a lunchtable conversation at Bell Labs in Holmdel, N.J. more than 10 years ago. Today, because of his idea, former Bell Labs researcher Steven Chu is one Nobel Prize in Physics richer. Holmdel, N.J (October, 1997) An idea that sprang up over lunch at a Bell Labs cafeteria a little more than a decade ago has led Steven Chu to the most coveted honor in science. On Oct. 15, the 1997 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Chu, now at Stanford University, and two others, William Phillips and Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, for their development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light. Steven Chu The research that drew the attention of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences began at Bell Labs in Holmdel. A dozen years ago, Arthur Ashkin and Chu used to discuss physics regularly at the Holmdel cafeteria. They were interested in manipulating atoms at low temperatures. An idea that arose during one of those lunches led to a series of experiments by Chu, Ashkin, John Bjorkholm, Alex Cable, and Leo Holberg. Chu left Bell Labs in 1987 to take up a professorship at Stanford, where he continued his work in low-temperature physics. Ashkin Pioneered "Optical Trapping"

23. Wiley Author Wins Nobel Prize Wiley Author Wins nobel Prize Wiley author claude cohentannoudji, together withtwo other scientists, received the 1997 nobel prize for physics in October. http://www.wiley.com/legacy/authors/to/TOA98ws/story4.html

Wiley Author Wins Nobel Prize Wiley author Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, together with two other scientists, received the 1997 Nobel prize for physics in October. The physics prize was awarded to 64-year-old Cohen-Tannoudji of France, along with Americans Steven Chu and William Phillips, for their newly developed methods of using lasers to cool and trap gas atoms. Between 1988 and 1995, Dr. Cohen-Tannoudji and a team of researchers at the Ecole Normale Superieure in Paris, conducted experiments which were based on the earlier findings of Chu and Phillips. Dr. Cohen-Tannoudji and his colleagues were able to reduce the speed of atoms by lowering the temperature of atoms in a vacuum to one-millionth of a degree above absolute zero. At this nearly freezing temperature, atomic movement drops to less than one mile per hour, from as much as 2,500 miles per hour at room temperature. The laser light used to cool the atoms acts as a thick liquid, known as "optical molasses," which slows down atoms to speeds at which they can be studied. Increased understanding of atomic movement may result in the development of highly accurate atomic clocks which can be used for navigational purposes on earth and in space. Dr. Cohen-Tannoudji's research has already lead to important findings, such as the discovery of a new form of matter, the Bose-Einstein condensate, which Albert Einstein theorized, but never proved the existence of, more than 70 years ago.

24. La Paix Maintenant Translate this page Une fois n'est pas coutume nous vous signalons l'article du professeur claude cohen-tannoudji,prix nobel de physique, paru dans Le Monde en date du 4/1/03. http://lapaixmaintenant.org/article.php3?id_article=310

25. Untitled Document Translate this page France. 319, Mr, cohen-tannoudji, claude, Professeur-Prix nobel, paris,france. 531, Mr, Colliat, Jean-Baptiste, ingénieur, cachan, france.400, http://lapaixmaintenant.org/vuepetition.php3?alpha=c

26. Zeal.com - United States - New - Library - Sciences - Physics - Physicists - Phy 2. cohentannoudji, claude N. - 1997 nobel Autobiography http//www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/1997/cohen-tannoudji-a claude N. cohen-tannoudji offers his http://www.zeal.com/category/preview.jhtml?cid=330751

27. Jewish Nobel Prize Laureates - Physics Year, nobel Laureate, Country of birth. 2000, Alferov, Zhores I. for basic workon information and communication technology , Russia. 1997, cohentannoudji, claude http://www.science.co.il/Nobel-Physics.asp

Israel Science and Technology Homepage HOME Search About Contact Nobel Prize Subject Biomedical Chemistry Economics Physics ... Literature Sort options Country Name Year Order A - Z Z - A Show citation Yes No Jewish Laureates of Nobel Prize in Physics Year Nobel Laureate Country of birth Alferov, Zhores I. "for basic work on information and communication technology" Russia Cohen-Tannoudji, Claude "for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light" Algeria Lee, David M. "for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3" USA Osheroff, Douglas D. "for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3" USA Perl, Martin L. "for the discovery of the tau lepton " Russia Reines, Frederick "for the detection of the neutrino" USA Charpak, Georges "for his invention and development of particle detectors, in particular the multiwire proportional chamber" Poland Friedman, Jerome I. "for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons, which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics" USA Lederman, Leon M.

28. 20 Septembre 96 - Claude Cohen-Tannoudji Médaille D'or Du CNRS. / Translate this page ancien élève de l'Ecole normale supérieure (ENS), claude cohen-tannoudji, entréau CNRS en 1960, a notamment travaillé avec le prix nobel de physique http://www.humanite.presse.fr/journal/1996/1996-09/1996-09-20/1996-09-20-017.htm

20 Septembre 96 - SOCIETE ACCUEIL DERNIER NUMERO ARCHIVES RECHERCHE ... Intern@tif - Dimanche 5 Janvier 1997

29. 31 Octobre 97 - Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, L'homme Qui Piège Les Atomes Translate this page du temps, rigoureux comme du papier à musique, de claude cohen-tannoudji subit les del'Académie royale de Suède lui annonçant son prix nobel, le contrarie http://www.humanite.presse.fr/journal/1997/1997-10/1997-10-31/1997-10-31-015.htm

31 Octobre 97 - SOCIETE Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, LUCIEN DEGOY ACCUEIL DERNIER NUMERO ARCHIVES RECHERCHE ... Intern@tif - Vendredi 31 Octobre 1997

30. Pierre Gilles De Gennes Translate this page L'importance des travaux de claude cohen-tannoudji est reconnue en France dès 1963 accéléréet ceci conduit à l'attribution du Prix nobel de Physique en http://www.ulb.ac.be/polytech/faculte/cv3.html

Claude Cohen-Tannoudji

31. Revue L'ATTRACTEUR, Automne 1998 - Le Prix Nobel 1997 - Translate this page D. Phillips et claude cohen-tannoudji sur le refroidissement des atomes leur ontdonc permis de mériter le prestigieux Prix nobel de physique l'an dernier. http://www.physique.usherb.ca/attracte/06-1998/Nobel97.htm

L'Attracteur No. Automne 1998 LA REVUE DE PHYSIQUE ISSN 1207-0203 Le prix Nobel 1997 Le Prix Nobel de physique 1997 a été attribué à trois physiciens, soit aux Américains Steven Chu et William D. Phillips ainsi qu'au Français Claude Cohen-Tannoudji. Ce prix leur a été décerné pour le développement de méthodes permettant de refroidir et d'emprisonner des atomes à l'aide de lasers. Le présent article a pour but d'expliquer le fonctionnement de ces trappes à atomes. La trappe à atomes est au centre d'un confinement magnétique et à l'intersection de six faisceaux lasers. Courtoisie du Scientific American La même année, au Maryland, William D. Phillips ajoutait à une trappe à atomes comme celle de Chu des champs magnétiques variables qui se combinaient aux photons des lasers pour mieux contenir les atomes de sodium dans l'intersection des lasers (voir image). Trois ans plus tard, Phillips refroidissait des atomes de sodium à 40 microkelvins avec sa trappe à atomes, ce que les physiciens n'arrivaient pas à expliquer puisque cela correspondait à une température six fois plus froide que la limite théorique atteinte par Chu. Les travaux de Steven Chu, William D. Phillips et Claude Cohen-Tannoudji sur le refroidissement des atomes leur ont donc permis de mériter le prestigieux Prix Nobel de physique l'an dernier. Pour de plus amples informations sur leurs recherches, consultez la page web suivante (en anglais) :

32. William D. Phillips Named Nobel Prize Winner For Physics Academy of Sciences awarded the nobel prize for Physics to William Phillips of NIST,Steven Chu of Stanford University, and claude cohentannoudji, Collège de http://museum.nist.gov/exhibits/timeline/item.cfm?itemId=65

33. Search Results For Claude D' (dab'-reel) Abbeville - Encyclopædia Britannica - cohentannoudji, claude French physicist who shared the nobel Prizefor Physics in 1997 with Steven Chu and William D. Phillips. http://search.britannica.com/search?query=Claude D' (dab'-reel) Abbeville

34. Search Results For Rob Cohen - Encyclopædia Britannica - The Online Encyclopedi Encyclopædia Britannica, cohentannoudji, claude French physicist who sharedthe nobel Prize for Physics in 1997 with Steven Chu and William D. Phillips. http://search.britannica.com/search?query=rob cohen&fuzzy=N&ct=eb&start=8&show=1

35. Online NewsHour: Nobel Prize: Physics -- October 2, 1997 Ponce talks with Steven Chu, one of the three nobel Prize winners shares the prizewith fellow American William Phillips and claude cohentannoudji, a French http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/science/july-dec97/nobel_10-15.html

NOBEL PRIZE: PHYSICS October 15, 1997 NEWSHOUR TRANSCRIPT Phil Ponce talks with Steven Chu, one of the three Nobel Prize winners in Physics, about his collaborative effort in developing a way to cool and trap atoms with laser light. Professor Chu shares the prize with fellow American William Phillips and Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, a French colleague. PHIL PONCE: The last of the Nobel prizes were announced this morning, and today’s winners were in the sciences. In Physics two Americans, Steven Chu and William Phillips, and a French colleague, Claude Cohen-Tanoudji, won the prize. The scientists developed ways to cool and trap atoms with laser light. To explain that and its implications we’re joined by one of the winners, Steven Chu of Stanford University. Prof. Chu, first of all, congratulations. STEVEN CHU, Nobel Laureate, Physics: Thank you. PHIL PONCE: Did you have any inkling that this prize might be in the works, or did it come as a complete surprise? STEVEN CHU: Perhaps not a complete surprise but because every time about this time friends who mean well might say, well, here’s hoping, and so there’s a bit of agitation that I try very much to ignore these things and just proceed with my life. PHIL PONCE: Professor, what is it exactly, the work that you did, that precipitated the prize?

36. Nature Publishing Group cool and trap atoms with laser light, this year's nobel prize for physics has beenawarded to Steven Chu of Stanford University, claude cohentannoudji of the http://www.nature.com/cgi-taf/DynaPage.taf?file=/nature/journal/v389/n6653/full/

37. Three APS Fellows Share 1997 Nobel Prize In Physics nobel Prize in Physics Steven Chu of Stanford University, William Phillips of NationalInstitute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and claude cohentannoudji http://www.aps.org/apsnews/1297/129701.html

December 1997 Edition Three APS Fellows Share 1997 Nobel Prize in Physics I n October, the Swedish Academy of Sciences selected three APS Fellows as recipients of the 1997 Nobel Prize in Physics: Steven Chu of Stanford University, William Phillips of National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and Claude Cohen-Tannoudji of the Ecole Normale Suprieure in France. The scientists were recognized for their development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light. The award will be officially presented in Stockholm, Sweden, on December 10, 1997. The three newest Nobelists are expected to give invited talks at the APS Spring Meeting in April. William Phillips is congratulated by APS Treasurer Thomas McIlrath. Laser cooling techniques, in conjunction with magnetic trapping and cooling techniques, have allowed physicists to cool atoms closer to absolute zero than ever before. Cooling atoms to millionths or even billionths of a degree above absolute zero allows the creation and study of such new states of matter as Bose-Einstein condensates and promises even further improvements in already ultraprecise atomic clocks. Published articles on the Nobel Prize-winning work of these three scientists have appeared in Physical Review Letters over the years. In a 1985 paper, Chu reported his discovery that "the motion of atoms in the intersection region is similar to the movement in a hypothetical viscous medium," and coined the term "optical molasses." In an early 1988 paper, Phillips reported that the atoms had a temperature of about 40 Microkelvins, much below the predicted Doppler limit of 240 Microkelvins. They also found that the lowest temperatures were reached under conditions that contradicted those of the theoretical Doppler limit. Finally, Cohen-Tannoudji demonstrated how the Doppler effect can be used to ensure that only the coldest atoms end up in the dark state. His so-called velocity selective coherent population trapping (VSCPT) method was first applied, and reported on in PRL: in 1988 in one dimension, in 1994 in two dimensions and in 1995 in three dimensions.

38. Untitled Document Translate this page claude cohen-tannoudji reçoit le Prix nobel de Physique 1997, claudecohen-tannoudji partage le Prix nobel de Physique 1997 avec http://www.spectro.jussieu.fr/Nobel/Accueil_Nobel.html

Claude Cohen-Tannoudji partage le Prix Nobel de Physique 1997 avec Steven Chu et William D. Phillips pour "le développement de méthodes pour refroidir et piéger des atomes avec des faisceaux laser" Claude Cohen-Tannoudji est Professeur au et il dirige l'équipe "atomes ultrafroids" du Laboratoire Kastler Brossel Informations Une courte biographie Quelques liens vers d' autres sites

39. Vu Et Lu Dans Les Médias Translate this page l'Humanité, 30 octobre 1999, Le prix nobel claque la porte, Le Monde, 30 octobre1999, claude cohen-tannoudji démissionne du Conseil national de la science, http://www.lure.u-psud.fr/actus/presse_avant.htm

Dernière mise à jour : Documents datés d'avant le 27 mars 2000 Le Parisien 27 mars 2000 L'espoir renaît autour du projet Soleil Le Nouvel Observateur 23 mars 2000 Soleil relancé Nature 23 mars 2000 French minister feels the heat over Soleil Sud-Ouest 22 mars 2000 Soleil utile à toute la recherche F. Gounand Ouest-France 21 mars 2000 Soleil en Normandie, le retour Enerpresse 20 mars 2000 Les parlementaires favorables à un synchrotron européen implanté en France Le Quotidien du Médecin 20 mars 2000 Des parlementaires réclament d'urgence un synchrotron national Des chercheurs blessés par la méthode Allègre Le Monde 18 mars 2000 Synchrotron : le Parlement critique le choix de M. Allègre Le Figaro 18 mars 2000 Les chantiers inachevés d'Allègre France3 Ile de France 17 mars 2000 Script du Journal Ile de France La Nouvelle République 17 mars 2000 La France plaide pour son synchrotron La Marseillaise 17 mars 2000 Un synchrotron national indispensable en France La Dépêche du Midi 17 mars 2000 Le synchrotron indispensable La Voix du Nord 17 mars 2000 Un synchrotron national indispensable L'Humanité 17 mars 2000 Projet Soleil : fin de l'éclipse ?

40. The Nobel Prize In Physics 1997 Was Awarded For Development Of Methods To Cool A the 1997 nobel Prize in Physics jointly to Professor Steven Chu, Stanford University,Stanford, California, USA, Professor claude cohentannoudji, College de http://www.sciner.com/ALO/nobel_physics97.htm

The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the 1997 Nobel Prize in Physics jointly to Professor Steven Chu , Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA, Professor Claude Cohen-Tannoudji , College de France and Ecole Normale Superieure, Paris, France, and Dr. William D. Phillips , National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light. Atoms floating in optical molasses Steven Chu, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji , and William D. Phillips Slowing down atoms with photons Light may be described as a stream of particles, photons. Photons have no mass in the normal sense but, just like a curling stone sliding along the ice they have a certain momentum. A curling stone that collides with an identical stone can transfer all its momentum (mass times velocity) to that stone and itself become stationary. Similarly, a photon that collides with an atom can transfer all its momentum to that atom. For this to happen the photon must have the right energy, which is the same as saying that the light must have the right frequency, or colour. This is because the energy of the photon is proportional to the frequency of the light, which in turn determines the latter?s colour. Thus red light consists of photons with lower energy than those of blue light. Doppler cooling and optical molasses The slowing down effect described above forms the basis for a powerful method of cooling atoms with laser light. The method was developed around 1985 by

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