41. The Laureates Of The Nobel Prize For Medicine And Physiology 1962, francis harry compton crick James Dewey Watson Maurice Hugh FrederickWilkins, Great Britain United States of America Great Britain. http://www.rotravel.com/medicine/nobel/e_laur.htm

YEAR LAUREATE'S NAME COUNTRY Emil Adolf von Behring Germany Sir Ronald Ross Great Britain Niels Ryberg Finsen Denmark Ivan Petrovici Pavlov Russia Robert Koch Germany Camillo Golgi Santiago Ramon y Cajal Italy Spain Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran France Paul Ehrlich Ilia Ilici Mecinikov Germany Russia Emil Theodor Kocher Switzerland Albrecht Kossel Germany Allvar Gulistrand Sweden Alexis Carrel United States of America Charles Robert Richet France Robert Báráni Hungary - Austria no prize awarded no prize awarded no prize awarded no prize awarded Jules Jean Baptiste Vincent Bordet Belgium Schack August Steenberg Krogh Denmark no prize awarded Sir Archibald Vician Hill Otto Fritz Meyerhof Great Britain Germany Sir Frederick Grant Banting John James Richard MacLeod Canada Canada Willem Einthaven Holland no prize awarded Johannes Andreas Grib Fibinger Denmark Julius Wagner - Jauregg Austria Charles Jules Henri Nicolle France Christiaen Eijkman Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins Holland Great Britain Karl Landsteiner Austria Otto Heinrich Warburg Germany Sir Charles Scott Sherrington Lord Edgar Douglas Adrian Great Britain Great Britain Thomas Hunt Morgan

42. BIOINFORMATICS Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1962 francis harry compton crick, James Dewey Watson,and Maurice Hugh Frederick Wilkins, who received the nobel Prize for http://www.isqa.unomaha.edu/bioinformatics/links.htm

A structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid The year 1953 could be said to mark, in biology at least, the end of history. Here is James Watson and Francis Crick's paper on the structure of DNA, which ushered in the new era with the celebrated understatement near the end. This article was originally published in Nature magazine in 1953. The Invention of the Genetic Code, by Brian Hayes A commentary on the work of Watson and Crick, from American Scientist magazine. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1962 Francis Harry Compton Crick, James Dewey Watson, and Maurice Hugh Frederick Wilkins, who received the Nobel Prize "for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material." Wanted: Hot Industry Seeks Supergeeks A Newsweek/MSNBC article on the corporate search for bioinformatics specialists. The article includes an estimated need for some 20,000 bioinformatics specialists. The Protein Hunters Wired magazine, in its April 2001 issue, listed the top ten "gigatrends" - the main streams of research and development that would affect our near future. Topping its list was proteomics, the study of proteins. This article gives a good overview of the field and some of the companies operating in it. Landmark gene studies released The Human Genome Project and Celera Genomics released substantial findings regarding the human genome on February 12, 2001. Given their potential implications, these findings generated a lot of attention. A summary of the findings was published by the

43. Plant Biology Index - Plant.ucr.edu - Search Results For "Crick, Francis Harry" (171) 737 archived - A Visit With Dr. francis crick - Access Excellence - archived- Biography of francis harry compton crick - nobel Foundation - archived http://plant.ucr.edu/search.asp?keyword=Crick, Francis Harry

44. "Milagre" Do DNA Completa Meio Século - Ciência E Meio Ambiente - Estadao.com. Translate this page Nelas, francis harry compton crick e James Dewey Watson - a ordem dos crick, o maisvelho, nascido em Northampton, em descoberta que lhes rendeu o nobel de 1962 http://www.estadao.com.br/ciencia/noticias/2003/fev/27/303.htm

Quinta-feira, 27 de fevereiro de 2003 - busca notícias ecos da terra entre aspas ... arquivo "Milagre" do DNA completa meio século A história desse feito começou, na verdade, no outono de 1951, quando o inglês Crick e o americano Watson se conheceram na Universidade de Cambridge, na Inglaterra São Paulo Uma das maiores descobertas científicas de todos os tempos veio à luz em duas escassas páginas da edição de 25 de abril de 1953 da revista Nature . Nelas, Francis Harry Compton Crick e James Dewey Watson - a ordem dos nomes foi decidida no cara-ou-coroa - anunciaram a descoberta da estrutura da molécula do DNA, realizada por eles dois meses antes, no dia 28 de fevereiro, há exatos 50 anos. O texto de 900 palavras, datilografado pela irmã de Watson, Elizabeth, e acompanhado de um esboço simples da famosa dupla hélice, abriu a era da biologia molecular. Os dois chegaram à estrutura da chamada molécula da vida trabalhando a maior parte do tempo em segredo e sem realizar nenhum experimento em laboratório. O resultado foi muito mais fruto do gênio e da persistência deles. E da ajuda involuntária de Maurice Wilkins e Rosalind Franklin, que trabalhavam com a técnica pela qual as moléculas são cristalizadas e radiografadas, o que permite ver sua estrutura.

45. Ref: Scientists Of The Second Half Of The 20th Century - By Miles Hodges major works or writings Of Molecules and Men (1966) Life Itself (1982) Links toother information on crick francis harry compton crick (The nobel Foundation). http://www.newgenevacenter.org/reference/20b-science2.htm

People of Ideas during the Second Half of the Twentieth Century: THE SCIENTISTS By Alphabetical Order: A Achterberg, Jeanne Aspect , Alain B Bateson, Gregory Bell, John ... Harrison C Campbell, Joseph Chandrasekhar, Subramanyan ... Francis D Dawkins, Richard Dennett, Daniel C. ... Peter F. E Eccles, John Eliade, Mircea ... Paul F Feigenbaum, Mitchell Feynman, Richard G Gell-Mann, Murray Glashow, Sheldon L. ... Stanislav H Haldane, J. B. S. Hawking, Stephen ... Fred J Jantsch, Erich Jastrow, Robert K Katz, Stephen T. Elizabeth L Leakey, Richard Leslie, John ... James E. M Mandelbrot, Benoit Margulis, Lynn ... Norman P Penzias, Arno Perls, Fritz ... Ilya R Rifkin, Jeremy Rogers, Carl S Schneider, Stephen H. Sheldrake, Rupert ... Benjamin W Watson, James Dewey Weinberg, Steven ... Robert Z Zohar, Danah By Historical Subject Area: Philosophy/Theology of Science (go to page "THE PHILOSOPHERS') Quantum Theory/Particle Physics John Bell Richard Feynman Murray Gell-Mann Alain Aspect Scientific Cosmology/Big Bang Fred Hoyle Hermann Bondi Arno Penzias/Robert Wilson Subramanyan Chandrasekhar ... Stephen Hawking Chaos and Self-Organizing Systems Edward N. Lorenz

46. Important Contributors francis harry compton crick, In 1953, with the help of Xray diffraction photographstaken He shared the 1962 nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine with Watson http://members.tripod.com/~dnascienceandtech/Important_Contributors.htm

Francis Harry Compton Crick In 1953, with the help of X-ray diffraction photographs taken by Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin, he and J D Watson constructed a molecular model of the genetic material DNA. In 1958 he proposed that the DNA determines the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide through a triplet code. He shared the 1962 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine with Watson and Wilkins. James Dewey Watson Watson went to Cambridge (19513), where he and the English geneticist Francis Crick delineated the molecular structure of DNA and explained the mechanism of its replication (1953); in 1962, Watson, with Crick and Wilkins, shared the Nobel Prize in physiology for this work. Maurice Hugh Fredrick Wilkins Maurice Wilkins was a man who worked at King's College in London. He contributed to the discovery of DNA structure by preparing very uniformly oriented DNA fibers, which were used by X-raycrystallographers such as Rosalind Franklin to examine the fibers. This made much more consistant samples for various X-ray crystallographers to look at. Which made discovering patterns much easier.His X-ray diffraction studies of DNA helped Crick and Watson determine its structure, and he shared with them the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1962. Rosalind Franklin Rosalind Franklin applied her chemist's expertise to the unwieldy DNA molecule. After complicated analysis, she discovered (and was the first to state) that the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA lies on the outside of the molecule. She also elucidated the basic helical structure of the molecule.

47. Chemistry - Links For Chemists - Topics - Biographies Links to biographies of over 200 people who have advanced and refined the field of chemistry. A section Category Science Chemistry History...... Bragg, William Henry @ nobel SE; Brand(t), Hennig; de Broglie, Louis Andrews UK;Coulomb, Charles Augustin de IL. crick, francis harry compton; Crafts, James Mason http://www.liv.ac.uk/Chemistry/Links/refbiog.html

Links for Chemists Chemistry section of the WWW Virtual Library Virtual Library Science Chemistry : Biographies of Famous Chemists Unless otherwise stated, the biographies listed below are provided and listed with the kind permission of the The Nobel Foundation . If you know of any biographies of Chemists or scientists whose work has advanced chemistry, that we do not list, please inform us via our comments form Alder, Kurt US @ St. Andrews UK Anfinsen, Christian B Arrhenius, Svante August Arrhenius, Svante August Arrhenius, Svante August IL Arrhenius, Svante August Arfwedson, Johan August Astbury, William T. @ Leeds UK Aston, Francis William Avogadro, Lorenzo Romano AMADEO Carlo, comte de Quaregna et de Ceretto Avogadro, Amedeo @ Heriot Watt UK Avogadro, Amedeo FR Avogadro, Amadeo @ Torino IT Avogadro, Amadeo US Baekeland, Leo Hendrik @ Time Magazine US von Baeyer, Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf Barton, Sir Derek Harold Richard Balmer, Johann Jakob @ St Andrews UK Beckman, Arnold Orville IL Beer, August Bequerel, Henri Antoine Bequerel, Henri Antoine

48. James Watson And Francis Crick Solved The Structure Of DNA. Other In 1962, Watson shared the nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine with francis crickand Maurice Wilkins who, with Rosalind francis harry compton crick (1916). http://www.dnalc.org/dnaftb/concept_19/con19bio.html

James Watson and Francis Crick solved the structure of DNA. Other scientists, like Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins , also contributed to this discovery. JAMES DEWEY WATSON James Watson was born in Chicago. As a child, he was bright and inquisitive. One of his favorite words was "why?" and he wasn't satisfied with simple answers. He accumulated a lot of knowledge by reading the World Almanac, and won $100 as a "Quiz Kid" on a popular radio program. He used this money to buy binoculars for bird-watching — a serious hobby for himself and his father. Watson entered the University of Chicago at 15 under the gifted youngster program. He did well in courses that interested him, like biology and zoology, and not as well in other courses. He decided that he would go to graduate school and study to become the curator of ornithology at the Museum of Natural History In his senior year at Chicago, Watson read Erwin Schrödinger's book: What is Life? The Physical Aspect of the Living Cell . He was fascinated by the idea that genes and chromosomes hold the secrets of life. When Watson went to do a Ph.D. with Salvador Luria , a pioneer in bacteriophage research, at Indiana University , it seemed the perfect opportunity to work on some of these problems.

49. BioFinder Category Search entry date 199910-25; crick, francis harry compton - 2222 - http//www.nobel.ki.se/laureates/medicine-1962-1-bio.htmlDetails Edit entry date 1998-06-13; http://caliban.mpiz-koeln.mpg.de/~stueber/BioSearch/bioinfo/searchtheme.cgi?them

50. Nobel Prices Related To Neuroscience nobel prices related to neuroscience. 1962 francis harry compton crick (Great Britain),James Dewey Watson (USA) and Maurice Hugh Frederick Wilkins (Great http://www.biomag.helsinki.fi/braincourse/nobelneuroscience.html

To BioMag home page Nobel prices related to neuroscience 1973 Physics: Brian David Josephson (Great Britain) "for his theoretical predictions of theproperties of a supercurrent through a barrier, in particular those phenomena which are generally known as the Josephson effects" 1991 Erwin Neher (Germany) Bert Sakmann (Germany) "for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells" Alfred G. Gilman (USA) Martin Rodbell (USA) "for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells" Send comments to Risto Ilmoniemi ( rji@biomag.helsinki.fi BioMag Laboratory, Helsinki University Central Hospital P.O. Box 340, FIN-00029 HUS, Finland FAX +358-9-47175781, Tel. +358-9-47172096, +358-50-5562964 http://www.biomag.helsinki.fi

51. EMBO - Promoting Molecular Biology In Europe. Congratulations to all of them. The nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. 1959.Arthur Kornberg. 1960. Peter Brian Medawar. 1962. francis harry compton crick. 1962. http://www.embo.org/organisation/nobel.html

links: EMBO members back to EMBO start page Sydney Brenner (EMBO Member), H. Robert Horvitz and John E. Sulston (EMBO Member) received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2002 "for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death". (EMBO Member) received one half of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2002 "for his development of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for determining the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules in solution". Well done! Congratulations to all of them. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Arthur Kornberg Peter Brian Medawar Francis Harry Compton Crick James Dewey Watson (Associate Member) Francois Jacob Har Gobind Khorana (Associate Member) Sir Bernard Katz Christian de Duve David Baltimore (Associate Member) Renato Dulbecco Werner Arber Daniel Nathans (Associate Member) (deceased 1999) Niels K. Jerne

52. Science & Religion Bookstore crick, francis harry compton. Winner, with James Watson, of a nobel Prize in 1962for their worldchanging discovery of the molecular structure of DNA, crick http://www.scienceandreligionbooks.org/book_details.asp?book_id=756

53. Chemistry 557 Spring 2002 Nobel Prize Winners nobel PRIZE WINNERS, francis harry compton crick, James Dewey Watson, and MauriceHugh Frederick Wilkins Medicine, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Chemistry, Robert http://www.louisville.edu/a-s/chemistry/peptide/nobelprize.html

Chemistry 557 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY OF DRUG DESIGN Spring 2002 NOBEL PRIZE WINNERS Paul Ehrlich Medicine Alexander Fleming, Ernst Chain, and Howard Florey Medicine Sir Robert Robinson Chemistry Selman Abraham Waksman Medicine Fritz Albert Lipmann and Sir Hans Adolph Krebs Medicine Daniel Bovet Medicine Francis Harry Compton Crick, James Dewey Watson, and Maurice Hugh Frederick Wilkins Medicine Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Chemistry Robert Bruce Merrifield Chemistry Sir James W. Black, Gertrude B. Elion, and George H. Hitchings Medicine Richard R. Ernst Chemistry Kary Mullis Chemistry

54. Premio Nobel De Medicina - Wikipedia Translate this page Ver enlace http//www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/index.html. Eccles, Alan LloydHodgkin, Andrew Fielding Huxley 1962 francis harry compton crick, James Dewey http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premio_Nobel/Medicina

Portada Cambios Recientes Edita esta página Historia Páginas especiales Preferencias de usuario Mi lista de seguimiento Cambio Recientes Subir una imagen Lista de imágenes Usuarios registrados Estadísticas del sitio Artículo aleatorio Artículos huérfanos Imágenes huérfanas Artículos populares Artículos más solicitados Artículos cortos Artículos largos Artículos nuevos Todas las páginas (alfabético) Direcciones IP bloqueadas Página de mantención Fuentes externas de libros Versión para imprimir Discusión Registrase/Entrar Ayuda Premio Nobel de Medicina (Redirigido desde Premio Nobel/Medicina Ver enlace: http://www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/index.html Leland H. Hartwell R. Timothy Hunt Paul M. Nurse ... Harold E. Varmus Sir James W. Black Gertrude B. Elion George H. Hitchings Susumu Tonegawa ... Barbara McClintock for transposon work. Sune K. Bergström Bengt I. Samuelsson John R. Vane Roger W. Sperry ... Earl W. Sutherland, Jr. Sir Bernard Katz Ulf von Euler Julius Axelrod Max Delbrück ... Feodor Lynen Sir John Carew Eccles Alan Lloyd Hodgkin Andrew Fielding Huxley Francis Harry Compton Crick ... Georg von Békésy Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet Peter Brian Medawar Severo Ochoa Arthur Kornberg ... Dickinson W. Richards

55. UCL Alumni: Famous Alumni Winners of the nobel Prize 1904 Chemistry – Sir William Ramsay 1915 Brian Medawar1962 Physiology or Medicine – francis harry compton crick 1963 Physiology http://www.ucl.ac.uk/Development/alumni/membership/famousalumni/

Among the people who have studied or worked at UCL since its foundation in 1826, many have reached the pinnacle of their field, be it art business current affairs film ... sport or television , as well as winners of the Nobel Prize Art Martin Creed (Slade School 1990) - artist and Turner Prize winner 2001 Antony Gormley Mona Hartoum Augustus John Sir Eduardo Paolozzi Stanley Spencer Tomoko Takahashi Rachel Whiteread Business Victoria Barnsley John Bishop Gaynor Coley Mike Harris Wayne Hemingway Peter Johns Digby Jones Kathleen O'Donovan Stephen Perry Alexandra Pringle Stephen Rubin Current affairs Rabbi Lionel Blue Jeremy Bowen Jonathan Dimbleby Dr Noreena Hertz Mark Lawson Film Ken Adam Michael Burleigh (History 1977) - historian, who won the British Film Institute Award in 1991 for Archival Achievement 'Selling Murder', Channel 4 and the New York Film and Television Festival Award 1992 for 'Heil Herbie', Channel 4. Tom Courtenay Alice Evans Roger Guyett Derek Jarman Christopher Nolan Alison Owen Journalism Patrick Blower Vivienne Parry Nicholas de Jongh Lindsay Nicholson 'Good Housekeeping'.

56. Brandt's Solutions To Solutions James Dewy Watson, along with francis harry compton crick and Maurice Hugh FrederickWilkins, received the 1962 nobel Prize in Medicine for the discovery of http://ed.augie.edu/~bebecker/Termpaper/term.html

Chemistry 120H Term Paper James Dewy Watson “Formula for breakthroughs in research: Take young researchers, put them together in virtual seclusion, give them an unprecedented degree of freedom and turn up the pressure by fostering competitiveness,” James Watson once said (1). Watson's formula for breakthroughs in research resulted in his discovery of deoxyribonucleic acid’s structure, the double helix. James Dewy Watson, along with Francis Harry Compton Crick and Maurice Hugh Frederick Wilkins , received the 1962 Nobel Prize in Medicine for the discovery of the double helix structure assocaited with deoxyribonucleic acid. Specifically the distinction was given “for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nuclear acids and its significance for information transfer in living material” (2). James Dewy Watson was born in Chicago, Illinois, on April 6, 1928. Watson attended Chicago Public Schools and showed promise to be a stellar student and intellectual. Watson’s boyhood interest in bird watching prompted an interest in zoology. After high school, at the age of fifteen, he received a scholarship to attend the University of Chicago . He graduated from the University of Chicago with Bachelor’s of Science in zoology in 1947 at the age of 19. A fellowship for graduate study lead to a Ph.D. in zoology from Indiana University in Bloomington in 1950 (3). At the university, he studied bacterial viruses and biochemistry. Through his research Watson became convinced that the chemistry of the gene was key to the fundamental understanding of biology.

57. Geny Franklin, Rosalind (1812-01, 1508) • crick, francis harry compton (05-11-01 Dyskryminacja(01-03-01, 1520) • nobel z medycyny 2002 - za programowana http://www1.gazeta.pl/nauka/1,34134,93430.html

Aukcje Dom Film Muzyka ... Gazeta Wyborcza poczta czat forum cafe katalog Szukasz przyjació³? Wst±p do CafeGazeta! on error resume next FlashMode = (IsObject(CreateObject("ShockwaveFlash.ShockwaveFlash.4"))) Sub TXHWCSJHJYFCFHKTBAIQUPZYOMWAOKM_FSCommand(ByVal command, ByVal args) call TXHWCSJHJYFCFHKTBAIQUPZYOMWAOKM_DoFSCommand(command, args) end sub Usenet - dyskusje na ka¿dy temat... Gazeta Wyborcza: Kraj ... Zdrowie Raporty Katastrofa Columbii Kasparow kontra Deep Junior Najwa¿niejsze odkrycia naukowe roku 2002 wed³ug "Science" Kongres neurobiologiczny w Orlando ... Biologia - ABC Pi±tek , 18 kwietnia 2003 Geny ZOBACZ TAK¯E Crick, Francis Harry Compton Watson, James Dewey Franklin, Rosalind Klonowanie ... Transgeniczne komary zwalcz± malariê Artur W³odarski 11-12-2000, ostatnia aktualizacja 10-01-2001 13:05 01-12-00. Prawie wszystkie osi±gniêcia genetyki s± bardzo ¶wie¿ej daty. Dopiero w czasie II wojny ¶wiatowej wysuniêto przypuszczenie, ¿e DNA jest substancj± odpowiedzialn± za przekazywanie informacji genetycznych r e k l a m a on error resume next FlashMode = (IsObject(CreateObject("ShockwaveFlash.ShockwaveFlash.4"))) Sub XGRCATFSKBXSRAIOYGMBTBJUBBCGXS_FSCommand(ByVal command, ByVal args) call XGRCATFSKBXSRAIOYGMBTBJUBBCGXS_DoFSCommand(command, args) end sub

58. Crick, Francis Harry Compton crick, francis harry compton, 1916–, English scientist, grad. He shared the 1962Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology with Maurice Wilkins and James Watson http://www.factmonster.com/ce5/CE013260.html

Encyclopedia Crick, Francis Harry Compton Crick, Francis Harry Compton, See his Of Molecules and Men (1967), J. D. Watson, The Double Helix (1968), and Life Itself Crichton, James cricket, in zoology AD AD AD AD AD Print this page Cite this page Awards and Press Link to Fact Monster Add Fact Monster search ... Privacy

59. ThinkQuest Library Of Entries francis harry compton crick, a British biophysicist who worked to is the elder childof harry crick and Annie Throughout his life francis crick was given the http://library.thinkquest.org/20465/crick.html

Welcome to the ThinkQuest Internet Challenge of Entries The web site you have requested, Life: A Study of Genetics and Molecular Biology , is one of over 4000 student created entries in our Library. Before using our Library, please be sure that you have read and agreed to our To learn more about ThinkQuest. You can browse other ThinkQuest Library Entries To proceed to Life: A Study of Genetics and Molecular Biology click here Back to the Previous Page The Site you have Requested ... Life: A Study of Genetics and Molecular Biology click here to view this site A ThinkQuest Internet Challenge 1998 Entry Click image for the Site Languages : Site Desciption The science of genetics is a rapidly growing field. From decoding DNA to cloning, from gene splicing to laws of heredity, there is a lot we know and a lot still to learn. Here is a comprehensive guide. From the sections on atoms, molecules, chromosomes, and cells, you'll learn the basics. Then read up on the controversy surrounding cloning. Find out who are the leaders in genetic research, and for fun try the genetics games. Students Andrew Ocean View High School CA, United States

60. Francis Crick Biography of the Anthropologist francis crick.Category Regional Europe People Scientists crick, francis...... francis harry compton crick was born June 8, 1916 in Northampton two children bornto harry crick and Anne francis crick has won many awards and acknowledgments http://emuseum.mnsu.edu/information/biography/abcde/crick_francis.html

Francis Crick "No man discovered or created molecular biology. But one man dominates intellectually the whole field, because he knows the most and understands the most. Francis Crick." - Jacques Monod, molecular biologist Francis Harry Compton Crick was born June 8, 1916 in Northampton, England. He was the first of two children born to Harry Crick and Anne Elizabeth Wilkens. Crick attended grammar school in North Hampton, but moved to North London to attend Mill High School. At age eighteen, Crick enrolled in University College where he earned his Bachelor of Science degree in Physics in 1937. In 1940, Crick and his then wife, Ruth Doreen Dodd, bore a son named Michael. Crick and Doreen divorced in 1947, and two years later he married his present wife, Odile Speed. He and Odile have two daughters, Gabrielle and Jacqueline. Crick did his graduate studies on the measurement of viscosity of water at high temperatures. In 1947, he began his Ph.D. work at the Strangeways Laboratory, Cambridge with Arthur Hughes. There Crick and Hughes studied the physical properties of cytoplasm in the cultured fibroblast cells. Two years later he joined the Medical Research Unit at Cavendish Laboratory. There Crick worked with Max Perutz and John Kerdrew on protein structure. He ended up doing his Ph. D work on x-ray diffraction of proteins. Crick soon joined James Watson in an attempt to uncover the structure of DNA. Crick brought to the project his knowledge of x-ray diffraction, while Watson brought knowledge of phage and bacterial genetics. In 1953, these two distinct backgrounds uncovered the structure of DNA: the double helix. Crick and Watson first published one of their four papers about this discovery in the April 25 edition of the journal

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