81. Biography-center - Letter E html; Enckell, Rabbe www.kirjasto.sci.fi/renckell.htm; enders, JohnFranklin www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/1954/endersbio.html; Enge http://www.biography-center.com/e.html

Visit a random biography ! Any language Arabic Bulgarian Catalan Chinese (Simplified) Chinese (Traditional) Croatian Czech Danish Dutch English Estonian Finnish French German Greek Hebrew Hungarian Icelandic Indonesian Italian Japanese Korean Latvian Lithuanian Norwegian Polish Portuguese Romanian Russian Serbian Slovak Slovenian Spanish Swedish Turkish E 272 biographies Eadred, www.britannia.com/history/monarchs/mon10.html Eadwig, www.britannia.com/history/monarchs/mon11.html Eagan, Edward www.olympic.org/uk/athletes/heroes/bio_uk.asp?PAR_I_ID=52407 Eagles, www.hotelcal.com Eakins, Thomas www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/eakins/ Eakins, Thomas www.getty.edu/art/collections/bio/a1729-1.html Eakins, Thomas www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/database/eakins_t.html Eales, Henry www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/1429.html Earl of Aberdeen, www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRaberdeen.htm Earl of Derby, www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRderby1.htm Early, Jubal Anderson civilwarhome.com/earlybio.htm Earnhardt (Ralph), Dale www.hickoksports.com/biograph/earnhardtd.shtml Easterly, Thomas Martin

82. SIMR - Centenary Survey Of Nobel Laureates case in many places. Michael S Brown, MD, nobel Prizewinner 1985. 1954 john FranklinENDERS, Thomas Huckle WELLER and Frederick Chapman ROBBINS - first grow http://www.simr.org.uk/pages/nobel/time_line_6.html

Home Biotechnology Celebrity support Benefits of animal research ... Links Nobel Prize Winners in Physiology and Medicine (1950 - 1959) Alfred Bernhard Nobel Nobel Survey Index Photo: Wellcome Institute Library The Timeline "I agree that animal experimentation should be humane and regulated, but the regulations must not be so onerous as to impede legitimate experimentation, which is now the case in many places." - Michael S Brown, M.D., Nobel Prizewinner 1985 Edward Calvin KENDALL, Tadeus REICHSTEIN and Philip Showalter HENCH - discover the structure and biological effects of adrenaline. Max THEILER - develops the vaccine for Yellow Fever. Selman Abraham WAKSMAN - discovers streptomycin, the first effective antibiotic against tuberculosis. Sir Hans Adolf KREBS - discovers the metabolic citric acid cycle. Fritz Albert LIPMANN - discovers co-enzyme A for intermediary metabolism. John Franklin ENDERS, Thomas Huckle WELLER and Frederick Chapman ROBBINS - first grow poliomyelitis virus in tissue culture. Axel Hugo Theodor THEORELL - shows that enzymes are in fact proteins.

83. Harold Varmus, M.D., Harvard U Commencement Address, 6/6/96 of oncogenes was publicly recognized with the award of a nobel Prize. john FranklinEnders and vaccines were still in the future; the main therapies were iron http://www.nih.gov/welcome/director/060696.htm

Harvard University Commencement Address Harold Varmus, Director, NIH June 6, 1996 Mr. President, alumni, graduates, parents, friends: Many members of today's graduating class reacted to the news that I would give this year's Commencement Address, just as I did: with surprise. The Harvard Crimson recorded some undergraduate responses: "Who is he?" "Wow, that's boring. Everyone else got someone exciting." Editorials criticized the process by which "Dr. Who" was selected. I was featured in entertaining cartoons, something that hasn't happened during three years in Washington. I may never be this famous again. There is an advantage to starting from low expectations. Agreed, I am not running for President, and I am not a prime minister or a general. But I speak for an element of our culture at least as important as politics or war-an element that has not been at this podium since Alexander Fleming, the discoverer of penicillin, addressed the graduating class of 1945. That element is science. The products of science shape and pervade our lives. Sir Francis Bacon made this point in 1620. "Printing, gunpowder, and the magnet," he wrote, "have changed the whole face and state of things throughout the world....no empire, no sect, no star seems to have exerted greater power and influence in human affairs." Modern equivalents are legion: consider e-mail, nuclear weapons, biotechnology.

84. Géniesenherbe.org - Prix Nobel De Physiologie Et Médecine Translate this page de physiologie et médecine est attribué par l'Assemblée nobel de l 1954, john FranklinEnders, Thomas Huckle Weller et Frederick Chapman Robbins (États-Unis). http://www.geniesenherbe.org/theorie/prix/nobmed.html

Lauréats du prix Nobel de physiologie et médecine Le prix Nobel de physiologie et médecine est attribué par l' Assemblée Nobel de l'Institut Karolinska , à Stockholm. Année Récipiendaire Emil Adolf von Berhing (Allemagne) sir Ronald Ross (Grande-Bretagne) Niels Ryberg Finsen (Danemark) Ivan Petrovitch Pavlov (Russie) Robert Koch (Allemagne) Camilio Golgi (Italie) et Santiago Ramon y Cajal (Espagne) Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran (France) Paul Ehrlich (Allemagne) et Elie Metchnikov (Russie) Theodor Emil Kocher (Suisse) Albericht Kossel (Allemagne) Alivar Gullstrand (Suède) Alexis Carrel (France) Charles Robert Richet (France) Robert Bárány (Autriche-Hongrie) NON ATTRIBUÉ NON ATTRIBUÉ NON ATTRIBUÉ NON ATTRIBUÉ Jules Bordet (Belgique) Schack August Steenberg Kroch (Danemark) NON ATTRIBUÉ sir Archibald Vivian Hill (Grande-Bretagne) et Otto F. Meyerhof (Allemagne) sir Frederic Grant Banting (Canada) et John James Richard Macleod (Canada) Willem Einthoven (Pays-Bas) NON ATTRIBUÉ Johannes Anreas Grib Fibiger (Danemark) Julius Wagner von Jauregg (Autriche) Charles Jules Henri Nicolle (France), pour ses travaux sur le typhus.

85. Untitled nonnervous tissues, for which he was the corecipient of the 1954 nobel Prize in JohnFranklin enders was born February 10, 1897, in West Hartford, Connecticut http://www.ulib.org/webRoot/Books/National_Academy_Press_Books/biographical_memo

JOHN FRANKLIN ENDERS February 10, 1897- September 8, 1985 BY THOMAS H. WELLER AND FREDERICK C. ROBBINS THE INVESTIGATIVE CAREER of John Enders comprised three phases. For eight years he focused on pathogenic bacteria, in particular the pneumococcus. Switching in 1939 to the study of viruses, he refined tissue culture techniques for the study of viruses in vitro and made significant discoveries regarding mumps. This work prepared the way for the cultivation in 1949 of the polio viruses in non-nervous tissues, for which he was the corecipient of the 1954 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Never one to rest on his laurels, Enders turned his focus to measles. This work led to the eventual production of a measles vaccine. By 1959, however, his research focus had shifted once again, this time to the problem of viral host-cell resistance and viral oncogenesis-the subject of the final segment of a magnificently productive investigative career. EDUCATION AND EARLY CAREER John Franklin Enders was born February 10, 1897, in West Hartford, Connecticut. His father headed the Hartford National Bank, and he was the first of four children in a family whose economic means were, as he once observed, "above average." Raised in a family whose business centered on finance and trade, he had little contact with science as a boy. An uncle, a retired physician, who often visited the house, however, acquainted his nephew with certain aspects of science and medicine. The family also maintained contacts with luminaries in the field of literature, in particular handling the financial affairs of Mark Twain, whose spotless white suits impressed the young lad when the famous author visited.

86. What Is The Nobel Prize? Winners of the nobel Prize in Medicine Source Brown 1901 Emil A 1954 john FranklinEnders (18971985) American Frederick Chapman Robbins (1916- ) American http://www.tallpoppies.net.au/florey/researcher/nobel/main-content.html

History of the Prize [ What is the Nobel Prize? ] [ The Development of Dynamite] [ The Nobel Prize and Winners ] [ Nobel Prize in Medicine ] What is the Nobel Prize? Source: Nobel Alfred Nobel was a Swedish chemist. He invented dynamite and became very wealthy. When he died he left more than nine million dollars of his fortune to set up the Nobel prizes. According to his will, of 1895, the income from this fund was to be allotted each year in five equal parts as prizes to those who had most helped humanity. The interest from the money provides annual prizes for the greatest services to humanity in science and literature, and for the most effective work to promote friendship between nations (the Peace Prize). The Nobel prizes were first awarded on 10 December 1901, the fifth anniversary of Nobel's death. The Development of Dynamite Nobel experimented a lot with nitroglycerine by itself and mixed with gunpowder. He patented detonating charges and percussion caps in 1864. He used these as a primary charge to trigger an explosion. Nobel later used a special clay from northern Germany to stabilise the nitroglycerine. When tested with a percussion cap, the preparation exploded evenly although with less power than nitroglycerine alone. He called this mixture of nitroglycerine and clay "dynamite". Nobel developed other explosive substances. Blasting gelatine, another powerful explosive, was a solution of gun cotton in nitroglycerine. Guncotton is a preparation of nitric acid and cellulose invented by Christian Schonbein in Germany in 1845. This evolved into modern dynamite which is a mixture of nitroglycerine and guncotton, with some additional ingredients.

87. Nobelprijs Voor De Fysiologie Of Geneeskunde - Wikipedia NL Bron http//www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/index.html. 1954 john FranklinEnders, Thomas Huckle Weller, Frederick Chapman Robbins (allen VS). http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobelprijs_voor_de_Fysiologie_of_Geneeskunde

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88. Comments Comments. A final question has anyone traced the ancestory of john FranklinEnders, the 1954 nobel Laureate? He was born in West Hartford CT on Feb. http://www.endersfamily.org/guestlog2001.html

name: Frederick Albert Enders emailaddress: faenders@hotmail.com Date: Time: 7:16:27 PM Remote User: Comments Son of Albert Frederick Enders and Ethel Enders (nee Wych) born 1944May23 Calgary, Alberta, Canada name: Gail Hummel emailaddress: gla214queen@hotmail.com Date: Time: 11:49:23 AM Remote User: Comments Just entered your site. I got excited seeing two of my names... Hummel and Peters. Peters is very common. My grandfather, Gerald Leslie Hummel married Elsie Emma Anna Peters in 1921. Now I will be going in to se if there's a connection. name: emailaddress: prcampbell1@msn.com Date: Time: 12:48:39 PM Remote User: Comments Daughter of the late Paul C Enders Sr. and Kathleen M. Laudenslager Enders. name: Teresa Pebler emailaddress: Tntrocz@aol.com Date: Time: 5:42:18 AM Remote User: Comments I'm the granddaughter of Ammon Calvin Enders and daughter to Rae Ammon Enders. Born in Harrisburg, PA 1959. Your web page is great. Thanks name: Ann McFadden emailaddress: ammcfadden@earthlink.net Date: Time: 5:24:19 PM Remote User: Comments My Great Great Grandmother is Mary Enders. She is a descendent, according to a letter my Grandfather received in 1957 from Howard Enders, of the seventh child of Philip Christian Enders. Mary was married to Samuel Cogley, and I do no have exact years, but their son, William Robert Cogley was born in 1867. I had not been able to trace the family back any further, but because of the letter from Howard, do believe that Mary Enders is a descendent of Philip Christian. Thank you for your website.

89. Harapan's Bookshelf: Nobel Prize In Physiology Or Medicine Link Official Website of nobel Foundation Physiology or Medicine 1998, john FRANKLINENDERS , THOMAS HUCKLE WELLER and FREDERICK CHAPMAN ROBBINS for their http://www.harapan.co.jp/english/e_books/E_B_nobel_med_e.htm

Search Now: Search: English Books Japanese Books Both Keywords: Japanese Amazon.com customer service Amazon.com Shipping Information Are you in Japan? Are you interested in Japan? English Books in Japan Books in Japanese Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine last updated on Link: Official Website of Nobel Foundation: Physiology or Medicine Robert F. Furchgott, Louis J. Ignarro and Ferid Murad for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system STANLEY B. PRUSINER for his discovery of Prions - a new biological principle of infection PETER C. DOHERTY and ROLF M. ZINKERNAGEL for their discoveries concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence. EDWARD B. LEWIS CHRISTIANE NÜSSLEIN-VOLHARD and ERIC F. WIESCHAUS for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development. ALFRED G. GILMAN and MARTIN RODBELL for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells. RICHARD J. ROBERTS

90. Nobel Prize In Medicine Since 1901 http://www.planet101.com/nobel_medi_hist.htm

Nobel Prize in Medicine since 1901 Year Prize Winners Behring, Emil Adolf Von Ross, Sir Ronald Finsen, Niels Ryberg Pavlov, Ivan Petrovich Koch, Robert Cajal, Santiago Ramon Y.; Golgi, Camillo Laveran, Charles Louis Alphonse Ehrlich, Paul; Mechnikov, Ilya Ilyich Kocher, Emil Theodor Kossel, Albrecht Gullstrand, Allvar Carrel, Alexis Richet, Charles Robert Barany, Robert Bordet, Jules Krogh, Schack August Steenberger Hill, Sir Archibald Vivian; Meyerhof, Otto Fritz; Banting, Sir Frederick Grant; Macleod, John James Richard; Einthoven, Willem; Fibiger, Johannes Andreas Grib Wagner-Jauregg, Julius Nicolle, Charles Jules Henri Eijkman, Christiaan; Hopkins, Sir Frederick Gowland Landsteiner, Karl Warburg, Otto Heinrich Adrian, Lord Edgar Douglas; Sherrington, Sir Charles Scott Morgan, Thomas Hunt Minot, George Richards; Murphy, William Parry; Whipple, George Hoyt Spemann, Hans Dale, Sir Henry Hallett; Loewi, Otto Nagyrapolt, Albert Szent-Gyorgyi Von Heymans, Corneille Jean Francois Domagk, Gerhard Dam, Henrik Carl Peter; Doisy, Edward Adelbert Erlanger, Joseph; Gasser, Herbert Spencer

91. ¿£´õ½º The summary for this Korean page contains characters that cannot be correctly displayed in this language/character set. http://preview.britannica.co.kr/spotlights/nobel/list/B15a2511a.html

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