21. Dr.Tarek Said's Homepage-Nobel Prize Winners nobel Prize in Physics 1975 Bohr, Aage Niels Mottelson, Benjamin R. Rainwater,leo James 1974 Ryle, Martin, Sir Hewish, Antony 1973 esaki, leo Giaever http://www.geocities.com/tsaid3/nobel.html

Nobel Prize Winners Literature Peace Physics Medicine ... Nationalities Nobel Prize in Literature 2001 Sir V.S. Naipaul 2000 Gao Xingjian 1997 Dario Fo 1996 WISLAWA SZYMBORSKA 1995 SEAMUS HEANEY 1994 KENZABURO OE 1993 TONI MORRISON 1992 DEREK WALCOTT 1991 NADINE GORDIMER 1990 OCTAVIO PAZ 1989 CAMILO JOSE CELA NAGUIB MAHFOUZ 1987 JOSEPH BRODSKY 1986 WOLE SOYINKA 1985 CLAUDE SIMON 1984 JAROSLAV SEIFERT 1983 SIR WILLIAM GOLDING 1982 GABRIEL GARCIA MARQUEZ 1981 ELIAS CANETTI 1980 CZESLAW MILOSZ 1979 ODYSSEUS ELYTIS ( ODYSSEUS ALEPOUDHELIS ) 1978 ISAAC BASHEVIS SINGER 1977 VICENTE ALEIXANDRE 1976 SAUL BELLOW 1975 EUGENIO MONTALE 1973 PATRICK WHITE 1972 HEINRICH BALL 1971 PABLO NERUDA 1970 ALEKSANDR ISAEVICH SOLZHENITSYN 1969 SAMUEL BECKETT 1968 YASUNARI KAWABATA 1967 MIGUEL ANGEL ASTURIAS 1965 MICHAIL ALEKSANDROVICH SHOLOKHOV 1964 JEAN-PAUL SARTRE 1963 GIORGOS SEFERIS ( GIORGOS SEFERIADIS ) 1962 JOHN STEINBECK 1961 IVO ANDRIAC 1960 SAINT-JOHN PERSE ( ALEXIS LEGER ) 1959 SALVATORE QUASIMODO 1958 BORIS LEONIDOVICH PASTERNAK 1957 ALBERT CAMUS 1956 JUAN RAMON JIMENEZ 1955 HALLDER KILJAN LAXNESS 1954 ERNEST MILLER HEMINGWAY 1953 SIR WINSTON LEONARD SPENCER CHURCHILL 1951 PER FABIAN LAGERKVIST 1950 EARL BERTRAND ARTHUR WILLIAM RUSSELL 1949 WILLIAM FAULKNER 1948 THOMAS STEARNS ELIOT 1947 ANDRE PAUL GUILLAUME GIDE 1946 HERMANN HESSE 1945 GABRIELA MISTRAL ( LUCILA GODOY Y ALCA-YAGA ) 1944 JOHANNES VILHELM JENSEN 1943-1940 Main Fund and Special Fund of this prize section.

22. Biography Of L. Esaki leo esaki was born in Osaka, Japan in 1925. Since 1969, esaki has, with his colleagues,pioneered designed The nobel Prize in Physics (1973) was awarded in http://physics.uplb.edu.ph/laureates/1973/esaki-bio.html

23. Nobel Physics Prize - Press Release 1973 23 October 1973 The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the1973 nobel Prize in Physics to leo esaki, USA, Ivar Giaever, USA and Brian D http://physics.uplb.edu.ph/laureates/1973/press.html

24. Xornal Electrónico. Investigación Translate this page Preme aquí para acceder a teses. O nobel de Física leo esaki inauguroua Conferencia Internacional 'Tendencias en Nanotecnología 2002'. USC. http://xornal.usc.es/investigacion.asp?p=7252

25. Dfv Translate this page Sie sei der Schlüssel oder zumindest ein wesentliches Element der kreativenVorstellungskraft. nobel-Preisträger leo esaki Foto RF Dietze. http://www.uni-regensburg.de/Universitaet/RUZ/archiv/ruz-9505/esaki.htm

Prof. Dr. Leo Esaki, der 1973 den Nobelpreis für Physik bekam, besuchte am 4. Juli die Universität Regensburg, genauer gesagt, Prof. Dr. Karl F. Renk, mit dem ihn eine langjährige Bekanntschaft verbindet. Er führte Gespräche mit Mitarbeitern am Lehrstuhl Renk, bei denen auch der Rektor der Universität zugegen war, und hielt am darauffolgenden Tag einen Gastvortrag, zum Thema "Innovation and Evolution: Reflections on a Life in Science", der inoffiziell allerdings unter dem Titel "Wie bekomme ich einen Nobel-Preis?" gehandelt wurde. Foto: R. F. Dietze Da sich die Nähe zu so viel geballter Wissenschaft aber nicht dahingehend auswirkte, das Tsukuba zu einer der besten Universitäten des Landes wurde, versuchte man es mit einer "Blutauffrischung", eben der Ernennung Esakis zum Präsidenten der Universität. Seine Aufgabe besteht nun darin, der Tsukuba Universität zu mehr Ansehen in der weltweiten scientific community zu verhelfen.

26. OECD ONLINE - Forum 2002 - Speakers - Esaki leo esaki nobel Prize Winning Physicist, President, Shibaura Instituteof Technology, Japan. leo esaki was born in 1925 in Osaka, Japan. http://www1.oecd.org/Forum2002/Speakers/Bios/esaki.htm

Leo Esaki Nobel Prize Winning Physicist, President, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Japan Leo Esaki was born in 1925 in Osaka, Japan. He received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1973 and the Japan Prize in 1998. His early studies on quantum effects in heavily-doped germanium p-n junctions at Sony, Tokyo, led in to the discovery of the tunnel diode, also known as the "Esaki diode". It was for this research that he was awarded the Nobel Prize. In 1960 Esaki moved to the United States to work as a researcher at IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, where Esaki and his coworkers pioneered research on semiconductor superlattices and quantum wells which triggered a wide spectrum of investigations on man-made structures having served as the precursor to the present activity on nanostructures in general. In 1992 , returning to Japan, he assumed the office of President, University of Tsukuba. In 2000 , he took up a new position, President, Shibaura Institute of Technology. His current interest is centered on the upgrading and internationalization of the education system as well as the academic research in Japan.

27. OECD Forum 2002 - Observer Daily Summary, Monday and borders, an approach that nobel Prize winners have always taken. Looking tostrike a balance between humanity and technology, leo esaki offered some http://www1.oecd.org/forum2002/speeches/summary.htm

Introduction Conference registration Message from the OECD Secretary-General Message from the Prime Minister of Belgium, Guy Verhofstadt ... Contact us Observer magazine - Daily Summary Monday 13 May 2002 Opening Ceremony Neyts calls for new "community of vision" Opening Ceremony, Monday May 13 Donald Johnston, OECD Secretary-General Annemie Neyts-Uyttebroeck, Minister of State for Foreign Affairs, Belgium and Chair of the OECD Forum 2002 (see speeches below). Public outpourings of emotion in reaction to domestic political events such as elections or assassinations demonstrate a desire to be heard and the need for a new "community of vision", Belgian Minister of State for Foreign Affairs Annemie Neyts-Uyttebroeck told the opening session of the OECD Forum 2002. "Since 11 September we all have a sense that the world is no longer quite the same," Ms Neyts-Uyttebroeck, who is chairing the international Forum, told the opening session of the three-day meeting on the theme: "Taking Care of the Fundamentals: Security, Equity, Education and Growth." Donald Johnston

28. Association @lyon : Laureats Du Prix Nobel De Physique Translate this page Lauréats du prix nobel de physique. ANNÉE, LAURÉAT(E). 1973, esaki leo (Jap.),I. Giaever (É.-U.), BD Josephson (GB). 1974, M. Ryle (GB), A. Hewish (GB). http://www.alyon.org/generale/histoire/science/laureats_prix_nobel_physique.html

H. A. Lorentz (P.-B.), P. Zeeman (P.-B.) P. Curie (Fr.), M. Curie (Fr.), H. Becquerel (Fr.) J. W. S. Rayleigh (G.-B.) P. Lenard (All.) J. J. Thomson (G.-B.) G. Lippmann (Fr.) G. Marconi (It.), K. F. Braun (All.) J. D. Van der Waals (P.-B.) W. Wien (All.) H. Kamerlingh Onnes (P.-B.) M. von Laue (All.) W. H. Bragg (G.-B.), W. L. Bragg (G.-B.) C. G. Barkla (G.-B.) M. Planck (All.) J. Stark (All.) C. E. Guillaume (Suisse) N. Bohr (Dan.) J. Franck (All.), G. Hertz (All.) J. Perrin (Fr.) O. W. Richardson (G.-B.) L. V. de Broglie (Fr.) C. V. Raman (Inde) W. Heinsenberg (All.) J. Chadwick (G.-B.) E. Fermi (It.) E. V. Appleton (G.-B.) P. M. S. Blackett (G.-B.) Y. Hideki (Jap.) C. F. Powell (G.-B.) J. D. Cockcroft (G.-B.), E. T. S. Walton (Irl.) F. Zernike (P.-B.) M. Born (RFA), W. Bothe (RFA) P. A. Tcherenkov (URSS), I. M. Frank (URSS), I. E. Tamm (URSS) L. Landau (URSS) A. Kastler (Fr.) D. Gabor (G.-B.) M. Ryle (G.-B.), A. Hewish (G.-B.) C. Rubbia (It.), S. Van der Meer (P.-B.) K. von Klitzing (RFA) G. Binnig (RFA), H. Rohrer (Suisse), E. Ruska (RFA) P.-G. de Gennes (Fr.)

29. Liste Des Prix Nobel En Physique Translate this page LISTE DES PRIX nobel en PHYSIQUE Année, Nom, Pays. 1901, WC Rötgen, Allemagne. J.Schrieffer, États-Unis, 1973, esaki leo, Japon, I. Giaever, États-Unis, http://www.cegep-st-laurent.qc.ca/depar/physique/hisnobe.htm

LISTE DES PRIX NOBEL en PHYSIQUE Nom Pays Allemagne H.A. Lorentz Pays-Bas (Hollande) P. Zeeman Pays-Bas H. Becquerel France M. Curie France P. Curie France J.W.S. Rayleigh Grande-Bretagne P. Lenard Allemagne J.J. Thomson Grande-Bretagne A.A. Michelson G. Lippmann France G. Marconi Italie K.F. Braun Allemagne J.D. Van der Waals Pays-Bas W. Wien Allemagne H. Kamerlingh Onnes Pays-Bas M. von Laue Allemagne W.H. Bragg Grande-Bretagne W.L. Bragg Grande-Bretagne C.G. Barkla Grande-Bretagne M. Planck Allemagne J. Stark Allemagnes C.E. Guillaume Suisse A. Einstein Allemagne N. Bohr Danemark R.A. Millikan K.M.G. Siegbahn J. Franck Allemagne G. Hertz Allemagne J. Perrin France A.H. Compton C.T.R. Wilson Grande-Bretagne O.W. Richardson Grande-Bretagne L.V. de Broglie France C.V. Raman Inde W. Heisenberg Autriche Autriche P.A.M. Dirac Grande-Bretagne J. Chadwick Grande-Bretagne V.F. Hess Autriche C.D. Anderson C.J. Davisson G.P. Thomson Grande-Bretagne E. Fermi Italie E.O. Lawrence O. Stern I.I. Rabi W. Pauli Suisse P.W. Bridgman E.V. Appleton Grande-Bretagne P.M.S. Blackett Grande-Bretagne Yukawa Hideki Japon C.F. Powell

30. Untitled List of Laureates to attend the meeting linked to the www.nobel.se webpage withinfo about each. Alferov, Zhores Chu, Steven esaki, leo Fischer, Ernst Giaever http://www.phys.vt.edu/~ucn/Lindau2001/laureate.html

List of Laureates to attend the meeting linked to the www.nobel.se webpage with info about each. Alferov, Zhores Chu, Steven Esaki, Leo Fischer, Ernst ... Arber, Werner

31. Physics Esaki, Leo Esaki, Leo (March 12, 1925 - ; Japan) Leo leo esaki, also known by his original name, Reiona esaki, is a In 1973, esaki,along with Ivar Giaevar and Brian Josephson shared the nobel Prize for http://www.upei.ca/~xliu/multi-culture/esaki.htm

Physics Esaki, Leo Esaki, Leo (March 12, 1925 - ; Japan) Leo Esaki, also known by his original name, Reiona Esaki, is a Japanese physicist specializing in solid-state physics as well as a researcher in superconductivity. In 1973, Esaki, along with Ivar Giaevar and Brian Josephson shared the Nobel Prize for Physics. Born in Osaka, Esaki attended Tokyo University and graduated with his degree in physics in 1947 and with his Ph.D. in 1959. Upon his graduation from Tokyo University in 1947, Esaki took up a position with the Kobe Kogyo company. In 1956, Esaki accepted a position at the Sony Corporation and became its chief physicist working in the field of quantum mechanics. It was with this post that Esaki conducted his experiments which led to the Nobel Prize. While at Sony, Esaki concentrated on the concept of tunnelling in which electrons are able to pass through barriers once thought to be impenetrable. The electrons were noted to be able to move freely through the barrier due to the wavelength character of matter. In 1960, Esaki moved to Yorktown, New York after being awarded the International Business Machines (IBM) fellowship to enable him to further his research in the United States. After obtaining the fellowship, Esaki joined IBM's research laboratories. Esaki is also noted as the inventor of the double diode which today bears his name the Esaki diode, by modifying solid-state semiconductors through the addition of impurities (Britannica, 4:553, 1994; and Barba, p.65, 1995).

32. AldeaEducativa.com | Contenidos Y Consultas Educativas Translate this page Venezolanos Ilustres. Premios nobel de 1973. leontief, Wassily. problemaseconómicos. Universidad de Harvard. Cambridge, MA, USA. esaki, leo. http://www.aldeaeducativa.com/aldea/Nobel1e.asp?Which=1973

33. 1998(esaki) Materials Creating Novel Functions. Dr. leo esaki was awarded a nobel Prize inPhysics in 1973 for his discovery of tunneling in semiconductor pn junctions. http://www.japanprize.jp/e_1998(esaki).htm

Dr. Leo Esaki (Japan) (President, University of Tsukuba) Prize Category: Generation and Design of New Materials Creating Novel Functions Reasons for Award: For the creation and realization of the concept of man-made superlattice crystals which lead to generation of new materials with useful applications Dr. Leo Esaki Dr. Leo Esaki proposed in 1969 the concept of semiconductor "superlattice," man-made single-crystal with a periodic one-dimensional structural modification. He predicted that a superlattice would exhibit peculiar properties such as negative differential conductivity because the density of states has a short-period modulation in the k-space. He proposed to realize a superlattice by modulating either alloy composition or impurity density during thin-film crystal growth. His efforts on molecular-beam epitaxy paid off in 1972 when he discovered a negative differential conductivity in a GaAlAs superlattice. He also predicted a resonant tunneling phenomenon between adjacent potential wells in a superlattice, and confirmed it experimentally in 1973. Dr. Esaki's work on superlattice had a tremendous influence on other scientists. Firstly, he suggested the concept of modulation doping (overflow of conduction electrons or holes that originate from impurities in a wide-bandgap region into a narrow-bandgap region). The HEMT, a high-speed field effect transistor, was developed in 1980 based on this concept, and is now widely used in wireless telecommunications. Secondly, semiconductor lasers and photo-detectors with superlattice (or multiple-quantum-well as it is often called) structures were invented during the 1980's and are now very important components in optical communications. Thirdly, GMR (Giant Magneto-Resistance) was discovered in the late 1980's in a superlattice structure consisting of magnetic and non-magnetic metals and are being pursued as sensors for magnetic recording.

34. Biographies - Esaki To Ezeta esaki, leo (1925 ) Japanese physicist. Born March 12, 1925 in Osaka, Japan, heshared the nobel Prize in physics, 1973, for his discovery of tunneling in http://www.philately.com/philately/bioesez.htm

ESAKI, Leo (1925- ) Japanese physicist. Born March 12, 1925 in Osaka, Japan, he shared the Nobel Prize in physics, 1973, for his discovery of tunneling in semiconductors. His research led to progress in communications and computer networks. - Sierra Leone SIE1995L29.9 ESCALA, Erasmo ( - ) Chilean military hero - Chile 560 ESCALANTE, Ventura ( - ) Dominican sportsman, baseball player - Nicaragua 1384 ESCALON, Pedro Jose (1847- ) Salvadorian president, general, agriculturist - Salvador 336-54; O263-72 ESCHENBACH, Wolfram von (1170-1222) German poet, composer, musician - Germany BRD B456 Liechtenstein 741 ESCHER, Alfred (1819-1882) Swiss president, lawyer, educator - Switzerland 217 ESCHER, Maurits Cornelis (1898-1972) Dutch graphic artist - Netherlands NLD1998G07.1 ESCHER von der LINTH, Hans Konrad (1767-1823) Swiss journalist, engineer, geologist, author - Switzerland B121 ESCOBAR, Patricio Alejandrino (1839-1912) Paraguayan general, president - Paraguay 40; 351-3; O99-104 ESCOBEDO, Gregorio (1765-1830) Ecuadorian patriot, army officer - Ecuador 236;289; O149 ESCODA, Josefa Llanes (1898-1945) Philippine patriot, founder of Philippine Girl Scouts - Philippines 1195

35. Creando/symposium 2002/leo Esaki leo esaki, Japan / USA nobel Prize in Physics, back. leo esaki was bornin Osaka, Japan. He received the nobel Prize in Physics in 1973. http://www.creando.org/archiv/2002/seite7.htm

LEO ESAKI, Japan / USA Nobel Prize in Physics back Leo Esaki was born in Osaka, Japan. He received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1973. His early studies on quantum effects in heavily-doped germanium p-n junctions at Sony, Tokyo, led in 1957 to the discovery of the tunnel diode, also known as the "Esaki diode." It was for this research that he was awarded the Nobel Prize. In 1960 Esaki moved to the United States to work as a researcher at IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, where Esaki and his co-workers pioneered research on semiconductor superlattices and quantum wells. This triggered a wide spectrum of investigations on man-made structures having served as precursors to the present activity on nanostructures in general. In 1992 Prof. Esaki returned to Japan, where he assumed the office of President, University of Tsukuba. In 2000 he took on a new challenge as President of Shibaura Institute of Technology. His current interest is centred on the reform and internationalisation of the Japanese education system. "It should be understood that the future is not a natural extension of the past and the present. Innovations and breakthroughs shape and form the future. The power of the human mind can be divided into two major categories. One is the power of the judicious mind which allows us to understand fundamental principles and to make discretionary judgments. The other is the power of the creative mind which allows us to create new ideas through perceptiveness and imagination. It is this form of intellectual creativity that provides the engine for progress and that has stimulated and sustained the advance of human civilisation.”

36. Creando, Brig/foundation/founders destivelle.com. , esaki leo, nobel prize in Physics, Japan/USA www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/1973/esaki-bio.html.-, FRANGHIZ Ali-Zadeh http://www.creando.org/foundation/links.htm

BOOKS Himbeer-Hulda. A novel by Gottlieb Guntern www.gottlieb.guntern.org Buchhandlung Wegenerplatz, Brig www.wegenerplatz.ch www.ofv.ch Rotten Verlag, Visp www.rotten-verlag-visp.ch Zur Alten Post, Brig www.zap.ch BUSINESS www.babcockbrown.com www.bisange.ch Genilem SA, Geneve www.genilem.ch www.nestle.com Swiss Re, Zurich www.swissre.com www.victoria-jungfrau.ch Vorausdenken, Stallikon www.vorausdenken.ch CULTURE Arte www.arte-tv.com Brig www.brig.ch Cave Fin Bec SA, Pont-de-la-Morge http://cavefinbec.gelbeseiten.ch Centre Tomi Ungerer, Strasbourg www.musees-strasbourg.org/F/tomi.html Ernen Musikdorf, Festival der Zukunft www.musikdorf.ch Interlaken www.interlaken.ch Musical Olympus Foundation, St. Petersburg www.musicalolympus.spb.ru Schloss Leuk www.schlossleuk.ch FORMER SPEAKERS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CREANDO SYMPOSIA 2000-2002 ADRIA Ferran, Gastronomic inventor, Spain www.elbulli.com www.luxn.com www.rockefeller.edu/pubinfo/blobelbio.php DESTIVELLE Catherine, free style climber, France www.destivelle.com

37. Japan Newsletter, Embassy Of Japan On Friday 12 March, the distinguished physicist and nobel laureate Dr leo esaki delivereda lecture at The Royal Society in London, jointly hosted by The Royal http://www.embjapan.org.uk/eng/newsletter/1999/article_664.html

No.664 Mar 30th, 1999 Welcome to the on-line edition of the Japan Newsletter published by the Japan Information and Cultural Centre. Through publishing in electronic form, we hope to bring news about Japan and the UK to as many people as possible. This edition's articles: Japan 2001 update. Innovation and Evolution: Reflections on a Life in Science : A lecture by Dr Leo Esaki. Win a Study Tour to Japan! Kanji Aptitude Test ... China Correction There is also a section for archived newsletters JAPAN 2001 Update Almost 200 people attended a planning meeting for JAPAN 2001, a series of cultural, educational and sporting activities designed to further people-to-people exchange between Japan and the UK, and scheduled to begin May, 2001. In a joint presentation, Director of the Japan Information and Cultural Centre (JICC) Counsellor Shinichi Nishimiya, and Christopher Purvis, the Chief Executive of JAPAN 2001, outlined the basic framework for JAPAN 2001, and explained its underlying philosophy. They were keen to engage in active dialogue with participants, and representatives from a wide range of organisations, JAPAN -related and otherwise, came forward with details of events which had already been planned, as well as general comments and suggestions for further activities. The main objectives of JAPAN 2001 are to celebrate and develop the existing links between the UK and Japan through a wide variety of activities, and to create a lasting impact on people who normally have little contact with Japan. The underlying theme will therefore be the steadily growing relationship between the British and Japanese people with exchange, education and participation being key concepts.

38. Japan Society Of Northern California: Event Information nobel Laureate Dr. leo esaki Monday, September 10, 2001 nobel laureate Dr. leo esaki,internationally renowned pioneer in the field of semiconductor research http://www.usajapan.org/home/events/0901/esaki.html

Nobel Laureate Dr. Leo Esaki Monday, September 10, 2001 Nobel laureate Dr. Leo Esaki, internationally renowned pioneer in the field of semiconductor research, will give a lecture on the fundamental importance of business and university collaboration in technology research, and on strategies for fostering research to nurture business incubation. Dr. Esaki was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1973 in recognition of his discovery of the Esaki Tunnel Diode, and is the recipient of numerous other awards and distinctions in honor of his lifetime dedication to revolutionary research in the field of semiconductor physics. As an ardent advocate of education reform, and as Chairman of the Japan Association of New Business Incubation Organizations (JANBO), Dr. Esaki is actively involved in promoting innovation in technology research, and in spearheading efforts to foster new business incubation in Japan and worldwide. Mark your calendar for this unprecedented opportunity to hear one of the world's most distinguished scientists. >>Other Past Events Home About Us Membership ... Japan Links

39. Pictures Gallery Of The Nobel Prize Winners In Physics Translate this page The nobel Prize in Physics. 1998. Robert B. Laughlin Horst L. Störmer DanielC. Tsui 1997. 1973. leo esaki Ivar Giaever Brian David Josephson 1972. http://www.th.physik.uni-frankfurt.de/~jr/physpicnobel.html

40. Kisah Fisikawan Asia Terkenal - Jumat, 28 Juni 2002 Kisah Fisikawan Asia Terkenal. leo esaki. Tahun 1973, Jepang untuk yang ketiga kalimenempatkan warganya dalam jajaran penerima nobel Fisika, yakni leo esaki. http://www.kompas.com/kompas-cetak/0206/28/iptek/kisa34.htm

Rubrik Berita Utama Metropolitan Naper Nusantara ... Kontak Redaksi Iptek Jumat, 28 Juni 2002 Kisah Fisikawan Asia Terkenal Leo Esaki Tahun 1973, Jepang untuk yang ketiga kali menempatkan warganya dalam jajaran penerima Nobel Fisika, yakni Leo Esaki. Seperti kedua pendahulunya, Hideki Yukawa dan Sin-Itiro Tomonaga, pria kelahiran Osaka, Jepang pada tahun 1925 ini melengkapi gelar sarjana hingga doktor di negerinya sendiri. Hal ini seakan membuktikan bahwa tingkat kualitas pendidikan di Jepang memang sudah sangat tinggi begitu pun dengan sumber daya manusianya. Leo Esaki lahir di Osaka tahun 1925 dengan nama Esaki Reiona. Ia menyelesaikan sarjana mudanya tahun 1947 yang dilanjutkan dengan bekerja sebagai peneliti di Kobe Kogyo Corp selama 9 tahun. Kemudian ia menjadi pimpinan tim peneliti di Perusahaan Sony, Tokyo sambil melanjutkan studinya di Universitas Tokyo di mana ia meraih gelar PhD-nya pada tahun 1959. Selama meneliti di perusahaan Sony, Esaki bergelut dalam studi mengenai efek terowongan ( tunneling effect ) pada sambungan p-n suatu material semikonduktor. Efek terowongan adalah efek mekanika kuantum di mana suatu elektron dapat melewati suatu potensial penghalang yang menurut teori fisika klasik tidak mungkin diterobos. Penemuan Esaki ini kemudian dilanjutkan dengan diciptakannya diode Esaki (diode terowongan), suatu komponen yang sangat penting dalam fisika zat padat. Komponen ini berukuran sangat kecil, menggunakan daya sangat rendah tetapi bekerja sangat cepat, karena itu komponen ini banyak dimanfaatkan pada rangkaian berkecepatan tinggi di dalam komputer-komputer atau jaringan-jaringan komunikasi.

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