41. Fleming Aleander Translate this page de travaux avec son professeur sir Almroth Wright, enthousiasme alors alexander Fleminginfluencé lui Pasteur et de Jules Bordet (prix nobel), il dirige http://perso.club-internet.fr/jgourdol/Medecins/MedecinsTextes/fleminga.html

Sir Alexander FLEMING F A L A I E L A son retour de vacances le 3 septembre 1928, survient un véritable miracle. Alors qu'il observe l'inhibition de la croissance de colonies staphylococciques sur une une boîte de Petri, contenant une culture de bactéries se développant sur une couche d'agar-agar, une moisissure verte, ressemblant à celle du fromage de Roquefort, trouble sa culture. Alexander Fleming, s'étonne. - " That's funny ! " (" C'est drôle ! ") s'exclame Fleming. I A u microscope il découvre un champignon, qu'il appellera "penicillium notatum". La substance anti-bactérienne portera le nom de pénicilline, tiré du nom latin du champignon "penicillium". A I F M S I l faudra attendre le 16 août 1941 pour que soit reconnu l'effet thérapeutique de la pénicilline et son innocuité. C'est la date à laquelle est publié un article de la revue médicale britannique The Lancet, intitulé "Further observations on penicillin." A I L A "J'ai été accusé d'avoir inventé la pénicilline. Aucun homme n'aurait pu "inventer" la pénicilline, car elle a été produite, de temps immémorial, par la nature et par une certaine moisissure. Non, je n'ai pas inventé la substance pénicilline..." "Ce fut un accident, un pur accident"

42. Daily Celebrations ~ Alexander Fleming, Enterprise Thought And Perception ~ Sept British bacteriologist sir alexander fleming (18811955) discovered how bread Knightedin 1944, fleming was a well-disciplined he won the 1945 nobel Prize for http://www.dailycelebrations.com/091599.htm

September 15 ~  Enterprise Thought and Perception Everyday Grace: Having Hope "It is the l o n e worker who makes the first advance in a subject: the details may be w o r k e d out by a tea m, but the prime idea is due to the e n t e r p r is e thought and perception of an individual." ~ Sir Alexander Fleming One man discovered one of the most important contributions to medicine on this day in 1928... and it was an accident! British bacteriologist Sir Alexander Fleming (1881-1955) discovered how bread mold which had accidentally contaminated a staphylococcus culture stopped the bacteria's growth. Fleming said, "One sometimes finds what one is not looking for." Penicillin kills germs. The discovery helped fight infections in World War II and treated such deadly diseases as pneumonia, diphtheria, syphilis, and spinal meningitis. "A discovery," said Hungarian biochemist Albert Szent-Gyorgyi , "is said to be an accident meeting a prepared mind." Knighted in 1944, Fleming was a well-disciplined scientist who quickly recognized and acted upon his "accidental" discovery. The father of modern antibiotics, he won the 1945 Nobel Prize for physiology.

43. Past Achievements The Postwar Years The 1945 nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine was awarded tosir alexander fleming, sir Ernst Boris Chain and Lord Howard Walter Florey http://www.mrc.ac.uk/index/about/about-history/about-past_achievements.htm

44. Alexander Fleming: Discoverer Of Penicillin He was thereafter known as sir alexander fleming. In 1945, fleming, along withFlorey and Chain, was awarded a nobel Prize for his discovery of penicillin. http://md.essortment.com/alexanderflemin_rchb.htm

Alexander Fleming: discoverer of penicillin Sir Alexander Fleming was born in 1881 in rural Lochfield, Scotland. He was the seventh of eight siblings and half-siblings. He and his siblings often roamed through the countryside. Of these excursions, Fleming remarked, “We unconsciously learned a great deal from nature.” Fleming attended the Polytechnic School and after graduating, worked at a shipping firm. He graduated from the medical school of St. Mary’s Hospital in London and began doing immunological research. He was a researcher at St. Mary’s throughout his professional career. In 1909, a chemical treatment for syphilis was developed by the German chemist, Dr. Paul Ehrlich. The chemical was named salvarsan, which means, that which saves by arsenic. Fleming was one of the physicians to use salvarsan, which was injected intravenously. He was so successful with this treatment that he attracted many patients, and received the nickname “Private 606.” bodyOffer(26141) During World War I, he was an army doctor and studied wound infections. He observed that antiseptics injured the body cells more than they injured the microbes. He felt that there should be some chemical that could fight microbe infection, such as that found in wounds, which were caused by exploding shells. He realized that a substance was needed that would harm bacteria but would not harm body cells. In 1928, one of Fleming’s staphylococcus bacteria cultures became exposed to the air and became contaminated by a mold. He noticed that the bacteria had been dissolved in the area of the culture surrounding the mold. He believed that the mold had produced a toxic substance that inhibited the growth of harmful bacteria. He named this substance penicillin, after the penicillium notatum mold that it produced. This substance was not toxic to humans or animals. Fleming discovered this substance quite by accident and is quoted as saying, “One sometimes finds what one is not looking for.”

45. Alexander FLEMING - Vikipedio fleming ricevis la nobeltitolon sir kaj unu jaron poste li kune kun Chain kaj Floreygajnis la Premion nobel de Medicino. Post la morto de alexander fleming http://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_FLEMING

Vikipedio Ĉefpaĝo Enkonduko Helpo ... Ensalutu La Libera Enciklopedio Aliaj lingvoj: Deutsch English Nederlands Presebla versio Alexander FLEMING El Vikipedio, la libera enciklopedio. Sciencisto > Alexander FLEMING La brita bakteriologo Alexander FLEMING (ekde 1944: Sir Alexander FLEMING) naskiĝis je la 6-a de aÅ­gusto en Lochfild Darvel ( Skotlando ) kaj mortis je la 11-a de marto en Londono En la jaro 1922 li el homaj larmoj kaj muko gajnis la lizozimon, t.e. enzimo antimikroba. Plej fama tamen estis lia - fakte hazarda - malkovro de la antibiotiko Penicilino en 1928: Li neglekteme lasis ujon kun bakteriaj kulturoj dum kelkaj tagoj sen atento, kaj rimarkis poste, ke en la ujo kreskis ŝimofungo preventanta la regeneron de la bakterioj. Dek jarojn poste Ernst CHAIN kaj Howard FLOREY el tiu ĉi fungo sukcesis izoli la antibiotikan substancon, por produkti kuracilon. En la jaro 1944 Fleming ricevis la nobeltitolon Sir kaj unu jaron poste li kune kun Chain kaj Florey gajnis la Premion Nobel de Medicino Post la morto de Alexander Fleming verkis lian eminentan biografion - laÅ­ peto de s-ino Fleming - la franca majstro de biografiaj romanoj Andr© MAUROIS Redaktu la paĝon Diskutu la paĝon Malnovaj versioj ... Rilataj paĝoj Aliaj lingvoj: Deutsch English Nederlands Ĉefpaĝo ... Pri Vikipedio Trovu: Montrita 33-foje. Laste redaktita je 12:49, 31. Dec 2002. La enhavo de Vikipedio disponeblas laÅ­ permesilo

46. Who Was Sir Alexander Fleming? In 1944 Dr. alexander fleming was knighted and shared the 1945 nobel Prize for physiologyor medicine with British scientist Ernst Boris Chain and sir Howard http://kidzlit.bravepages.com/Articles/AlexFleming.html

Who Was Sir Alexander Fleming? by JC Pinkerton Have you ever taken the antibiotic, penicillin? Years ago penicillin was the drug of choice for infection and is still used today especially by dentists. Unfortunately, over the years germs have become smarter and more powerful so that stronger antibiotics are required. Childhood of Alexander Fleming: Alexander Fleming was born August 6, 1881 and died March 11, 1955. When Alexander grew up he became involved in many years of research producing the wonder drug we call penicillin. Fleming, known as Alec was born in Lochfield, Scotland where his father was a Scots farmer. After his father's death Alec's eldest brother took over operation of the large farm while one of the other brothers, Tom Fleming, left home to study medicine. After Tom finished school and opened his own practice, four of the Fleming brothers along with one sister shared living quarters in London. Alec was only 14 years old when he left home to live with his siblings. In London, he finished school and later worked at a shipping firm. Alec and his siblings inherited 250 pounds each from the death of their uncle and Alec used his money to study medicine with hopes of becoming a partner with his brother, Tom. Young Alec reached top scores on his examinations and decided to attend St. Marys in London to study bacteriology.

47. General Microbiology/History: By Microbes.info kochbio.html. sir alexander fleming (1881-1955) – Biography By The nobel Foundation.http//www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/1945/fleming-bio.html. sir Howard http://www.microbes.info/resources/General_Microbiology/History/

Resources General Microbiology : History Links: Antony van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) By The Museum of Paleontology, University of Californai, Berkeley. http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/leeuwenhoek.html Christiaan Eijkman (1858-1930) - Biography By The Nobel Foundation. http://www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/1929/eijkman-bio.html Highlights in the History of Microbiology By Karen M. Kiser, St. Louis Community College. http://www.stlcc.cc.mo.us/fp/users/kkiser/History.page.htm History of Bioterrorism A chronological History of Bioterrorism and Biowarfare Throughout the Ages. By The Biological Terrorism Response Manual. http://www.bioterry.com/History_of_Biological_Terrorism.asp Microbiology Timeline Significant Events of the Last 125 Years. By The American Society for Microbiology. http://www.asmusa.org/mbrsrc/archive/SIGNIFICANT.htm Paul Ehrlich (1854-1915) – Biography By The Nobel Foundation. http://www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/1908/ehrlich-bio.html Plasmids: Histories of a Concept new The goal of this website is to collect and disseminate information related to the discovery, use, and understanding of the genetic elements called plasmids. By William C. Summers. http://histmicro.yale.edu/mainfram.htm

48. Technology Scotland - Research Funding Technology Ventures In Scotland The nobel Drug. sir alexander fleming Although some discoveries result from luckyaccidents, developing a drug to the point when it can be prescribed safely is http://www.technologyscotland.org/pioneering/cures_nobel.html

The Nobel Drug Sir Alexander Fleming Although some discoveries result from lucky accidents, developing a drug to the point when it can be prescribed safely is a painstaking process which may extend over decades. A classic example is penicillin. In 1928 the Scots bacteriologist Sir Alexander Fleming returned from a month's holiday to discover that a culture plate which he had left in a dark corner displayed some unusual characteristics. In his absence, mould had grown on the plate but there were no bacteria to be found in the vicinity. He quickly established that the mould was active against a host of pathogenic bacteria, and successfully treated his assistant for sinusitis using a diluted broth of what he called penicillin. Fleming, however, was no chemist and could not isolate the active ingredient of the substance despite repeated attempts. The reaction of the scientific community to his papers on the subject was apathetic. It took the pharmaceutical knowledge of his fellow Nobel Prize winners Florey and Chain, motivated by the crucial importance of developing anti-bacterial treatments for the wounded in the Second World War, to turn Fleming's discovery into the drug which revolutionised healthcare in the 20th century.

49. Sir Alexander Fleming Translate this page 7 décembre 1945, fleming reçoit le prix nobel de médecine. Pour en savoir plussur sir alexander fleming et la découverte de la pénicilline consulter http://www.chimie.uqam.ca/CHI1515/fleming4/sir_alexander_fleming.htm

Sir Alexander Fleming " J'ai été accusé d'avoir inventé la pénicilline. Aucun homme n'aurait pu "inventé" la pénicilline, car elle a été produite, de temps immémorial, par la nature et par une certaine moisissure. Non je n'ai pas inventé la substance pénicilline ... " Voilà ce qu'a déclaré Fleming lorsqu'on l'honora à Bruxelles en 1945. Sir Alexander Fleming était un homme aussi brillant que modeste, il est né le 6 août 1881 sur la ferme familiale en Écosse. À l'âge de 7 ans, il perd son père et c'est l'un de ses frères, Tom, qui était un médecin à Londres qui le fit venir dans la capitale britannique où il complétera avec succès des cours de la section commerciale de la Polytechnic school. À seize ans il travaille dans une compagnie de navigation, mais son frère, trouvant qu'il ne fait pas une carrière à la mesure de son intelligence l'encourage à s'inscrire à l'École de Médecine de l'hôpital Saint-Mary's. En 1901 il sera reçu premier et médaillé d'or à tous ses examens. Sept ans plus tard il travaillera dans les laboratoires du professeur Almroth Writh (directeur du laboratoire de bactériologie du Saint-Mary's Hospital). Fleming étant trop pauvre il obtient un laboratoire au sous-sol qu'il ne peut aérer qu'en ouvrant le soupirail, ce qui a pour effet de désaseptiser la pièce. C'est le 3 septembre 1928 que le miracle se produit. Une boîte de pétri, ensemencé de bactéries sur une culture agar-agar est restée ouverte. Fleming remarque que la culture est couverte d'une moisissure verte et s'apprête à la jeter. Au moment de s'en débarrasser, il remarque que la moisissure verte a complètement détruit la culture bactérienne. Il observe alors la moisissure au microscope pour apercevoir un champignon, il le nommera

50. HERO - Higher Education & Research Opportunities In The UK: Medical Science 1945 The nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine is awarded to sir alexander fleming,sir Ernst Boris Chain and Lord Howard Walter Florey for their pioneering http://www.hero.ac.uk/research/medical_science_209.cfm

Whole site Find Prospectuses Leisure Facilities Universities/Colleges Departments Press Releases Resource Finder Fri. 18th April 2003 FAQ Feedback About HERO You are here: HERO home page Research Research outcomes Medical science Research home page Getting funded Good practice for new researchers Public awareness of research ... Research in the UK Research outcomes Overview Arts and humanities Biotechnology and the biological sciences Economic and social research ... Environmental sciences Medical science Particle physics and astronomy The UK research councils Who funds research? Reference Glossary of terms Groups and organisations Institution facilities Resources Medical science Printable version Email this page Suggest a link for this page How to bookmark a page Top ten 20th century Medical Research Council (MRC) achievements: 1916: Sir Edward Mellanby discovered that rickets, which causes bone deformation in growing children, is caused by a poor diet. Cod-liver oil supplements were found to be an effective treatment and, together with improved nutrition, successfully overcame the problem. 1928: Development of vaccine against canine distemper virus, a major killer of dogs until then, at MRC Mill Hill laboratories.

51. Zientzia Eta Teknologiaren Ataria fleming, sir alexander. Baina fleming ez zen kimikaria eta ezin zuen aurkitutako urteanflemingek, Florey eta Chainekin batera, Medikuntzako nobel Saria jaso http://www.zientzia.net/artikulua.asp?Artik_kod=2429

52. Fleming, Alexander fleming, sir alexander (18811955). In 1945 he won the nobel Prize for Physiologyor Medicine with Howard W Florey and Ernst B Chain, whose research had brought http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Biographies/MainBiographies/F/Fleming/1.html

Fleming, Sir Alexander Scottish bacteriologist who discovered the first antibiotic drug, penicillin, in 1928. In 1922 he had discovered lysozyme, an antibacterial enzyme present in saliva, nasal secretions, and tears. While studying this, he found an unusual mould growing on a neglected culture dish, which he isolated and grew into a pure culture; this led to his discovery of penicillin. It came into use in 1941. In 1945 he won the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine with Howard W Florey and Ernst B Chain , whose research had brought widespread realization of the value of penicillin. Fleming was born in Lochfield, Ayrshire, and studied medicine at St Mary's Hospital, London, where he remained in the bacteriology department for his entire career, becoming professor 1928. Fleming discovered the antibacterial properties of penicillin, but its purification and concentration was left to Florey and Chain, in Oxford. Fleming also developed methods, which are still in use, of staining spores and flagella of bacteria. He identified organisms that cause wound infections and showed how cross-infection by streptococci can occur among patients in hospital wards. He also studied the effects of different antiseptics on various kinds of bacteria and on living cells. His interest in chemotherapy led him to introduce

53. Themes Geography History History Prize Winners Nobel Themes Geography History History Prize Winners nobel Prize Medicine. 1945,fleming, sir alexander Chain, Ernst Boris - Florey, sir Howard Walter. http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/GeogHist/histories/prizewinners/nobelprize/m

Themes History Prize Winners Nobel Prize Year Winners Behring, Emil Adolf von Ross, Ronald Finsen, Niels Ryberg Pavlov, Ivan Petrovich ... Bárány, Robert The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section Bordet, Jules Krogh, Schack August Steenberg The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section Hill, Archibald Vivian Meyerhof, Otto Fritz Banting, Frederick Grant Macleod, John James Richard ... Einthoven, Willem The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section Fibiger, Johannes Andreas Grib Wagner-Jauregg, Julius Nicolle, Charles Jules Henri Eijkman, Christiaan ... Domagk, Gerhard The prize money was 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section The prize money was 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section The prize money was 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section Dam, Henrik Carl Peter

54. SIMR - Centenary Survey Of Nobel Laureates now the case in many places. Michael S Brown, MD, nobel Prizewinner 1985. 1945sir alexander fleming, sir Ernst Boris CHAIN and Lord (Howard Walter) FLOREY http://www.simr.org.uk/pages/nobel/time_line_5.html

Home Biotechnology Celebrity support Benefits of animal research ... Links Nobel Prize Winners in Physiology and Medicine (1940 - 1949) Alfred Bernhard Nobel Nobel Survey Index Photo: Wellcome Institute Library The Timeline "I agree that animal experimentation should be humane and regulated, but the regulations must not be so onerous as to impede legitimate experimentation, which is now the case in many places." - Michael S Brown, M.D., Nobel Prizewinner 1985 Reserved 1940, 1941, 1942. Henrik Carl Peter DAM - discovery of vitamin K. Edward Adelbert DOISY - chemical nature of vitamin K. Joseph ERLANGER and Herbert Spencer GASSER - describe highly specific functions of single nerve fibres. Sir Alexander FLEMING, Sir Ernst Boris CHAIN and Lord (Howard Walter) FLOREY - discover and develop penicillin. Hermann Joseph MULLER - discovers the risk of damage to genes by X-rays. Carl Ferdinand CORI and Gerty Theresa CORI - show how stored glycogen converts to muscular energy. Bernardo Alberto HOUSSAY - shows the link between the pancreas and the anterior pituitary lobe hormone of the brain in sugar metabolism. Paul Hermann MÜLLER - devises DDT as an insecticide.

55. TIME 100: Scientists & Thinkers - Alexander Fleming QUIZ What helped lead sir alexander fleming to discover penicillin? BORNAug. 1945 Shares nobel Prize for Medicine with Florey and Chain. http://strsd.southwick.ma.us/site_index/time100/fleming.html

Sigmund Freud Leo Baekeland Albert Einstein Alexander Fleming ... Tim Berners-Lee CNN and more... CNN CNNSI CNNfn TIME FORTUNE MONEY Entertainment Ask Dr. Weil ParentTime LIFE ASIAWEEK SI For Kids TIME For Kids Travel Pathfinder Boards Chat Custom Programs: ÝTry Plastics Marketplace: ÝSI/NFL Catalog ÝTotal E Music Bacteriologist Alexander Fleming A spore that drifted into his lab and took root on a culture dish started a chain of events that altered forever the treatment of bacterial infections BY DR. DAVID HO The improbable chain of events that led Alexander Fleming to discover penicillin in 1928 is the stuff of which scientific myths are made. Fleming, a young Scottish research scientist with a profitable side practice treating the syphilis infections of prominent London artists, was pursuing his pet theorythat his own nasal mucus had antibacterial effectswhen he left a culture plate smeared with Staphylococcus bacteria on his lab bench while he went on a two-week holiday. When he returned, he noticed a clear halo surrounding the yellow-green growth of a mold that had accidentally contaminated the plate. Unknown to him, a spore of a rare variant called Penicillium notatum had drifted in from a mycology lab one floor below. Luck would have it that Fleming had decided not to store his culture in a warm incubator, and that London was then hit by a cold spell, giving the mold a chance to grow. Later, as the temperature rose, the Staphylococcus bacteria grew like a lawn, covering the entire plateexcept for the area surrounding the moldy contaminant. Seeing that halo was Fleming's "Eureka" moment, an instant of great personal insight and deductive reasoning. He correctly deduced that the mold must have released a substance that inhibited the growth of the bacteria.

56. Script18 sir alexander fleming and his coworkers got the nobel Prize in nineteen forty five.And all because a series of things coming together in a surprising way. http://www.specialized.english.net/webscript/script18.htm

Listen and Read Home Word List SPECIALIZED ENGLISH SCRIPT This script is of program number: To listen to this program, left click here You may prefer to download the program in mp3, then you can listen to it without being connected to the internet. To download the program right click the link and choose the 'Save target/link' option. Script Title: Fleming Persecution Welcome to our program in Specialized English. I’m David Bast. This program uses a special English method of broadcasting. It is easier for people to understand, no matter where in the world they live. Today’s program has good news and bad news. The first story is about a man who made one of the best discoveries in the history of the world. And then we will take time to tell you about something very bad - persecution. Not very many years ago small injuries or sicknesses could become life threatening- a cut finger maybe, or a chest infection. But now doctors use antibiotics to treat infection and save lives. The first antibiotic drug, penicillin, was discovered almost by mistake. It is thanks to the sharp eyes of a man named Sir Alexander Fleming, that we can use it today. Here are Mike Procter and Anne Rajoo to tell more. Sometimes unrelated things can combine together to cause a surprising result. How did some of the most important drugs in medicine come from this combination: the experiences of a young boy in Scotland, a love of sport, the death of a close relative, and a laboratory needing cleaning? This is the story of Alexander Fleming.

57. Nobel Prizes nobel prizes – Microbiologi, Virologi, Genetisti, Immunologi. 1939 Gerhard Domagk.1945 sir alexander fleming, Ernst Boris Chain, sir Howard Walter Florey. http://150.217.100.14/didonline/anno-ii/microbiologia/2001-2002/Lezioni/nobel_pr

UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI FIRENZE DIPARTIMENTO DI SANITÀ PUBBLICA (Direttore: Prof. Nicola Comodo) Sezione di Microbiologia "Renzo Davoli" Accesso n° Nobel prizes – Microbiologi, Virologi, Genetisti, Immunologi Cliccando sull’anno o sul nome si va al sito ufficiale, dove si trovano le foto, le biografie, le motivazioni, e altro. Emil Adolf von Behring Ronald Ross Robert Koch Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran ... Stanley B. Prusiner

58. Nobel Prize In Medicine Since 1901 fleming, sir alexander; Florey, Lord Howard Walter. http://www.planet101.com/nobel_medi_hist.htm

Nobel Prize in Medicine since 1901 Year Prize Winners Behring, Emil Adolf Von Ross, Sir Ronald Finsen, Niels Ryberg Pavlov, Ivan Petrovich Koch, Robert Cajal, Santiago Ramon Y.; Golgi, Camillo Laveran, Charles Louis Alphonse Ehrlich, Paul; Mechnikov, Ilya Ilyich Kocher, Emil Theodor Kossel, Albrecht Gullstrand, Allvar Carrel, Alexis Richet, Charles Robert Barany, Robert Bordet, Jules Krogh, Schack August Steenberger Hill, Sir Archibald Vivian; Meyerhof, Otto Fritz; Banting, Sir Frederick Grant; Macleod, John James Richard; Einthoven, Willem; Fibiger, Johannes Andreas Grib Wagner-Jauregg, Julius Nicolle, Charles Jules Henri Eijkman, Christiaan; Hopkins, Sir Frederick Gowland Landsteiner, Karl Warburg, Otto Heinrich Adrian, Lord Edgar Douglas; Sherrington, Sir Charles Scott Morgan, Thomas Hunt Minot, George Richards; Murphy, William Parry; Whipple, George Hoyt Spemann, Hans Dale, Sir Henry Hallett; Loewi, Otto Nagyrapolt, Albert Szent-Gyorgyi Von Heymans, Corneille Jean Francois Domagk, Gerhard Dam, Henrik Carl Peter; Doisy, Edward Adelbert Erlanger, Joseph; Gasser, Herbert Spencer

59. Newspad -- The Website For Paddington sir alexander fleming was a Scottish bacteriologist whose discovery of penicillin(1928) in his laboratory in Praed fleming shared the nobel Prize for http://www.newspad.co.uk/Go/InsideW2/history/fleming.html

Sir Alexander Fleming Local Doctor Sir Alexander Fleming was a Scottish bacteriologist whose discovery of penicillin (1928) in his laboratory in Praed Street changed the world. Fleming shared the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1945 with Ernst Boris Chain and Howard Walter Florey, who both (from 1939) carried Fleming's basic discovery further in the isolation, purification, testing, and quantity production of penicillin. After taking his degree at St. Mary's Hospital Medical School, London University (1906), Fleming conducted experiments to discover antibacterial substances that would be nontoxic to human tissues. The area has a pub, the 'Sir Alexander Fleming' which is still popular with staff at St Mary's today. While working with staphyloccus bacteria in 1928, Fleming noticed a bacteria-free circle around a mould growth (spores of Penicillium notatum) that was contaminating a culture of the staphylococci. Investigating, he found a substance in the mould that prevented growth of the bacteria even when it was diluted 800 times. He called it penicillin. Fleming found that penicillin is non-toxic but that it inhibits the growth of many types of disease-causing bacteria. He was aware of the significance of his discovery, but he lacked the necessary chemical means to isolate and identify the active compound involved. He was thus unable to obtain a sufficient quantity of penicillin for use on humans.

60. Alex Fleming sir alexander fleming. fleming, sir alexander (18811955), British bacteriologistand nobel laureate, best known for his discovery of penicillin. http://www.csc.liv.ac.uk/~u1ab/webpage/bacteria11.html

SIR ALEXANDER FLEMING Bacteria In Medicine

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