1. Ivar Giaever - Biography ivar giaever married Inger Skramstad in 1952 and they have four children Notes addedLinus Pauling is reported to have said that the nobel Prize did not change http://www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/1973/giaever-bio.html

Ivar Giaever was born in Bergen, Norway, April 5, 1929, the second of three children. He grew up in Toten where his father, John A. Giaever, was a pharmacist. He attended elementary school in Toten but received his secondary education in the city of Hamar. Next he worked one year at the Raufoss Munition Factories before entering the Norwegian Institute of Technology in 1948. He graduated in 1952 with a degree in mechanical engineering. In 1953, Giaever completed his military duty as a corporal in the Norwegian Army, and thereafter he was employed for a year as a patent examiner for the Norwegian Government. Giaever emigrated to Canada in 1954 and after a short period as an architect's aide he joined Canadian General Electric's Advanced Engineering Program. In 1956, he emigrated to the USA where he completed the General Electric Company's A, B and C engineering courses. In these he worked in various assignments as an applied mathematician. He joined the General Electric Research and Development Center in 1958 and concurrently started to study physics at Rensselaer Polytechnical Institute where he obtained a Ph.D. degree in 1964. From 1958 to 1969 Dr. Giaever worked in the fields of thin films, tunneling and superconductivity. In 1965 he was awarded the Oliver E. Buckley Prize for some pioneering work combining tunneling and superconductivity. In 1969 he received a Guggenheim Fellowship and thereupon spent one year in Cambridge, England studying biophysics. Since returning to the Research and Development Center in 1970, Dr. Giaever has spent most of his effort studying the behavior of protein molecules at solid surfaces. In recognition of his work he was elected a Coolidge fellow at General Electric in May, 1973.

2. Ivar Giaever - Nobel Lecture ivar giaever – nobel Lecture. Electron tunneling and superconductivity. ivar giaeverBiography nobel Lecture. Brian D. Josephson Curriculum Vitae nobel Lecture. http://www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/1973/giaever-lecture.html

Electron tunneling and superconductivity Nobel Lecture, December 12, 1973 From Nobel Lectures , Physics 1971-1980. The Lecture in pdf-format Download Adobe Acrobat Reader is free software that lets you view and print Adobe Portable Document Format (PDF) files. The Nobel Prize in Physics 1973 Press Release Presentation Speech Leo Esaki ... Nobel Lecture The 1973 Prize in: Physics Chemistry Physiology or Medicine Literature ... Economic Sciences Find a Laureate: Last modified December 4, 2001 The Official Web Site of The Nobel Foundation

3. Ivar Giaever Winner Of The 1973 Nobel Prize In Physics ivar giaever, a nobel Prize Laureate in Physics, at the nobel PrizeInternet Archive. ivar giaever. 1973 nobel Laureate in Physics http://almaz.com/nobel/physics/1973b.html

I VAR G IAEVER 1973 Nobel Laureate in Physics for their experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in semiconductors and superconductors, respectively, Background Born: 1929 Place of Birth: Bergen, Norway Residence: U.S.A. Affiliation: General Electric Company, Schenectady, NY Featured Internet Links Prize co-recipient: Leo Esaki Search WWW Search The Nobel Prize Internet Archive Links added by Nobel Internet Archive visitors Professor Ivar Giaver, Physics Department RPI, Troy (submitted by Michael Holmboe Meyer) Ivar Giaever – Biography (submitted by Chinnappan Baskar for science lovers (submitted by Dr Badr for science lovers (submitted by Dr Badr Back to The Nobel Prize Internet Archive Literature Peace ... Medicine We always welcome your feedback and comments

4. Giaever, Ivar ivar giaever in his laboratory, 1973. UPI/CorbisBettmann. (b. April 5, 1929, Bergen,Nor.), Norwegian-born American physicist who shared the nobel Prize for http://www.britannica.com/nobel/micro/233_51.html

Giaever, Ivar Ivar Giaever in his laboratory, 1973 UPI/Corbis-Bettmann (b. April 5, 1929, Bergen, Nor.), Norwegian-born American physicist who shared the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1973 with Leo Esaki and Brian Josephson for work in solid-state physics. Giaever received an engineering degree at the Norwegian Institute of Technology in Trondheim in 1952 and became a patent examiner for the Norwegian government. In 1954 he migrated to Canada, where he worked as a mechanical engineer with the General Electric Company in Ontario. In 1956 he was transferred to General Electric's Development Center in Schenectady, N.Y. There he shifted his interest to physics and did graduate work at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, N.Y., receiving a Ph.D. in 1964. Giaever conducted most of his work in solid-state physics and particularly in superconductivity. He pursued the possible applications to superconductor technology of Esaki's work in tunneling, eventually "marrying," as he put it, the two concepts to produce superconductor devices that flouted previously accepted limitations and allowed electrons to pass like waves of radiation through "holes" in solid-state devices. Using a sandwich consisting of an insulated piece of superconducting metal and a normal one, he achieved new tunneling effects that led to greater understanding of superconductivity and that provided support for the BCS theory of superconductivity, for which John Bardeen (B), Leon Cooper (C), and John Robert Schrieffer (S) had won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1972. It was for this workbased in part on Esaki's and further developed by Josephsonthat Giaever shared the 1973 Nobel Prize with Esaki and Josephson.

5. Nobel Prize Winners G-I for behaviour of molecules, giaever, ivar, 1973, physics, US, tunnelingin semiconductors and superconductors, Giauque, William Francis, http://www.britannica.com/nobel/win_g-i.html

Article Year Category Country* Achievement Literary Area Gabor, Dennis physics U.K. invention of holography Gajdusek, D. Carleton physiology/medicine U.S. studies of origin and spread of infectious diseases Galsworthy, John literature U.K. novelist literature Colombia novelist, journalist, social critic peace Mexico Gasser, Herbert Spencer physiology/medicine U.S. researches on differentiated functions of nerve fibres Gell-Mann, Murray physics U.S. classification of elementary particles and their interactions Gennes, Pierre-Gilles de physics France discovery of general rules for behaviour of molecules Giaever, Ivar physics U.S. tunneling in semiconductors and superconductors Giauque, William Francis chemistry U.S. behaviour of substances at extremely low temperatures literature France novelist, essayist Gilbert, Walter chemistry U.S. development of chemical and biological analyses of DNA structure Gilman, Alfred G. physiology/medicine U.S. discovery of cell signalers called G-proteins Gjellerup, Karl Adolph literature Denmark novelist Glaser, Donald A.

6. Bigchalk: HomeworkCentral: Giaever, Ivar (1973) (A-L) Winners Physics AL giaever, ivar (1973). World Book Online Articleon giaever, ivar; Biography (nobel site); giaever, ivar (1973). http://www.bigchalk.com/cgi-bin/WebObjects/WOPortal.woa/Homework/High_School/Bio

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8. Ivar Giaever WWW Page ivar giaever. nobel prize applied biophysics tissue culture electrical impedancesuperconductors famous scientist superconductivity tunneling superconductor http://www.rpi.edu/~giaevi/

Ivar Giaever Physics Department Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy, NY 12180-3590 Office: Science Center 1C14 Laboratory: Science Center 3W20 Voice: (518) 276-6429 Fax: (518) 276-2825 E-mail: giaevi@rpi.edu nobel prize applied biophysics tissue culture electrical impedance superconductors famous scientist superconductivity tunneling superconductor physics noble nobel immunology adsorbed protein surface physics cell morphology josephson esaki cell high throughput screening keese norsk vitenskap tunnelling Positions Institute Professor , School of Engineering and School of Science Professor at large University of Oslo , Norway President Applied BioPhysics, Inc. , 1223 Peoples Ave, Troy, NY 12180 Education Ph.D. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, NY, 1964 (Theoretical Physics) Mech.Eng. Norwegian Institute of Technology , Trondheim, Norway 1952 (Siv.Ing) Honors and Awards Major Prizes: Oliver E. Buckley Prize 1965 Nobel Prize 1973 Zworkin Award 1974 Honorary Degrees: Listing National Academies: Listing Research Solid State Physics: Superconductivity, Tunneling

9. Hall Of Fame: Ivar Giaever ivar giaever. ivar giaever, Class of 1964 Research Scientist, nobel Laureate 1929 In his native Norway, giaever earned a degree in mechanical engineering. http://www.rpi.edu/dept/NewsComm/sub/fame/inductees/ivargiaever.html

Ivar Giaever Ivar Giaever, Class of 1964 Research Scientist, Nobel Laureate In his native Norway, Giaever earned a degree in mechanical engineering. Later, working as an engineer for General Electric, he earned a doctorate in physics at Rensselaer. Before he had completed his Ph.D., he had done such important work on low-temperature superconductors at the GE Research and Development Center that he would be awarded the 1973 Nobel Prize in physics. By then, he already had moved on to the new field of biology. He has spent most of his efforts since 1971 studying the behavior of organic molecules at solid surfaces. Campus Safety and Preparedness Home Page Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute RPInfo Search RPI Contact RPI RPI News ... Career Development Center Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI), 110 8th St., Troy, NY 12180. (518) 276-6000 Why not change the world?(SM) is a service mark of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Web site design by the Rensselaer Office of Communications Contact Jane Van Ryan, Assistant Vice President, Office of Communications Questions? Comments? Please contact us

10. Giaever, Ivar (1929-) -- From Eric Weisstein's World Of Scientific Biography Prize Winners , nobel Prize , Physics Prize v. giaever, ivar (1929), Heshared the 1973 nobel Prize with Esaki and Josephson. Esaki, Josephson. http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Giaever.html

Branch of Science Physicists Nationality American ... Physics Prize Giaever, Ivar (1929-) Norwegian-American physicist who worked on Esaki's tunneling effect using a superconducting metal as well as a normal one. He shared the 1973 Nobel Prize with Esaki and Josephson Esaki Josephson Author: Eric W. Weisstein

11. Professor Ivar Giaever M. James Lecture Professor ivar giaever Rensselear Polytechnic Institute Title AnElectrical Method To Monitor Cell In Tissue Culture nobel Prize Winner in http://www.physics.purdue.edu/colloq/james_lecture/giaever.html

General Colloquium: October 22 - 4:30pm, Phys 112 (Coffee at 4:00p.m. in room 242) The Tenth Hubert M. James Lecture Professor Ivar Giaever Rensselear Polytechnic Institute Title: "An Electrical Method To Monitor Cell In Tissue Culture" Nobel Prize Winner in 1973, member of the National Academy and recipient of numerous awards. His research areas are condensed matter and biophysics. Ivar Giaver is internationally known for his pioneering studies in superconductivity which led to the landmark discovery of tunneling in superconductors and for which he received the 1973 Nobel Prize in physics. Since 1988 he has been the Institute Professor of Physics at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Dr. Giaever was born in Norway in 1928 and received the degree of Mechanical Engineering from the Norwegian Institute of Technology in 1952. He immigrated to the U.S. in 1956 and received the Ph.D. in theoretical physics in 1964 from the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute while working at General Electric. In 1970 he was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship and used it to study biophysics at Cambridge University. He served as an adjunct professor of physics at the University of California, San Diego, in 1975 and as a visiting professor at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies in La Jolla. In 1988 he was Professor-at-Large at the University of Oslo. In addition to his academic duties he is also president of Applied Biophysics Inc., a small company that is developing and exploring applications of electric cell-substrate inpedance sensor (ECIS). His current interest are focused on the behavior of organic molecules at solid surfaces and the interaction of cells with surfaces.

12. Giaever Professor ivar giaever. Rensselear Polytechnic Institute. nobel Prize Winnerin 1973, member of the National Academy and recipient of numerous awards. http://www.physics.purdue.edu/colloq/98-99/Giaever.html

Professor Ivar Giaever Rensselear Polytechnic Institute Nobel Prize Winner in 1973, member of the National Academy and recipient of numerous awards. His research areas are condensed matter and biophysics.

13. Nobel Physics Prize - Press Release 1973 23 October 1973 The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the1973 nobel Prize in Physics to Leo Esaki, USA, ivar giaever, USA and Brian D http://physics.uplb.edu.ph/laureates/1973/press.html

14. Physics 1973 nobel Prize in Physics 19012000 http//www.nobel.se, The nobel Prize in Physics1973. Leo Esaki, ivar giaever, Brian David Josephson. Japan, USA, Great Britain. http://physics.uplb.edu.ph/laureates/1973/

15. Giaever, Ivar -- Encyclopædia Britannica Online Article ivar giaever in his laboratory, 1973. UPI/CorbisBettmann. Norwegian-born Americanphysicist who shared the nobel Prize for Physics in 1973 with Leo Esaki and http://search.britannica.com/eb/article?eu=37434&query=ivar aasen&ct=eb

16. Search Results For Ivar Aasen - Encyclopædia Britannica - The Online Encycloped giaever, ivar ivar giaever in his laboratory, 1973.Norwegianborn American physicistwho shared the nobel Prize for Physics in 1973 with Leo Esaki and Brian http://search.britannica.com/search?query=Ivar Aasen&ct=eb

17. Nobel Prize Winner Ivar Giaever Gives Lecture In Tokyo On The nobel prize winner ivar giaever gives lecture in Tokyo. Related Link nobeleMuseum -ivar giaever ivar giaever. (02/11/01). Norway News Top http://www.norway.or.jp/infolink/topics/e_011102.html

Nobel prize winner Ivar Giaever gives lecture in Tokyo On the initiative of The Norwegian Trade Council and The Norwegian Embassy in Tokyo the Nobel Prize winner Dr. Ivar Giaever visited the Embassy on October 29, to give a lecture for prominent Japanese and Norwegian scientists as well as for Norwegian business representatives in Japan. The professor visited Japan this time in connection with the participation in the Nobel Prize winner forum "Creativity in the 21st century", involving Japanese laureates and some of their foreign counterparts. During his 45 minutes lecture, the audience was given a comprehensive and impressing overview of the importance of science and technology in the future development of our modern society. The event at the Norwegian Embassy in Tokyo was also very fruitful for networking among key persons within science and technology in Norway and Japan, and was a follow-up activity of the State visit to Japan earlier this year. The focus on cooperation will be further highlighted with the signing of the bilateral science and technology agreement between the two governments, likely to take place during the Norwegian Prime Minister's planned visit to Japan in April 2002. Professor Giaever was born in Norway and immigrated to North America after his university degree at Norwegian Institute of Technology. He now resides in New York and performs his work at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute as institute professor.

18. ? ? nobel eMuseum -ivar giaever http//www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/1973/giaever-bio.htmlRensselaer Polytechnic Institute - ivar giaever http http://www.norway.or.jp/infolink/topics/011104.html

É°ÍÞٕ¨—ŠwÜŽóÜŽÒ²°³Þ§Ù¥²ª°³Þ§°‹³Žö—ˆ“ú ƒm[ƒxƒ‹•¨—ŠwÜŽóÜŽÒƒC[ƒ”ƒ@ƒ‹EƒCª°ƒ”ƒ@[iIvar Giaeverj‹³Žö‚ª—ˆ“úA10ŒŽ29“ú‚É‘åŽgŠ¯“@‚ōu‰‰‰ï‚ªŠJ‚³‚ꂽB ƒC[ƒ”ƒ@ƒ‹EƒCƒF°ƒ”ƒ@[ iIvar Giaeverj •¨—ŠwŽÒ Œ»Ý‚̓Œƒ“ƒXƒ‰[H‰È‘åŠw‹³ŽöB‚Ü‚½‹qˆõ‹³Žö‚ð‚‚Ƃ߂éƒIƒXƒ‘åŠw‚ð‚Í‚¶‚߃mƒ‹ƒEƒF[‚̏”‘åŠw‚Æ‚à‹­‚¢‚‚Ȃª‚è‚ðŽ‚ÂB [ŠÖ˜AƒŠƒ“ƒN] Nobel e-Museum -Ivar Giaever http://www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/1973/giaever-bio.html Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute - Ivar Giaever http://www.rpi.edu/~giaevi/ ƒmƒ‹ƒEƒF[’ʐM Top ‚É–ß‚é

19. Nobel-díjasok 1973 Eszaki Leo (1925, Japán); giaever, ivar (1929-, USA); Josephson, BrianDavid (1940-, Anglia) Eszaki és giaever a nobel-díjat a félvezetokben http://www.szulocsatorna.hu/fizika/atom/nobel.htm

Nobel-díjasok az atomfizikában Készítette : Porkoláb Tamás 1901 Röntgen, Wilhelm Conrad (1845-1923, Német Birodalom): "a róla elnevezett sugarak fölfedezésével szerzett rendkívüli érdemeinek elismeréseként". 1903 Becquerel, Antoine Henri (1852-1908, Franciaország); Curie, Pierre (1859-1906, Franciaország) és Curie, Marie szül. Sklodowska (1867-1934, Franciaország): Becqerel a Nobel-díjat "a spontán radioaktivitás fölfedezésével nyújtott rendkívüli tejesítményének elismeréseként" nyerte el. Marie és Pierre Curie "a Henri Becquerel által fölfedezett sugárzási jelenségekre vonatkozó együttes vizsgálataikért kapták a díjat. 1905 Lenard, Philipp (1862-1947, Német Birodalom): "a katódsugarakkal összefüggõ munkáiért". 1906 Thomson, Sir Joseph John (1856-1940, Anglia) : "a gázokon áthaladó elektromosság elméleti és kísérleti vizsgálataival szerzett érdemei elismeréséül". 1914 Laue, Max von (1879-1960, Német Birodalom): "a kristályokon áthaladó röntgensugarak elhajlásának fölfedezéséért". 1915 Bragg, William Henry (1862-1942, Anglia);

20. Untitled attend the meeting linked to the www.nobel.se webpage with info about each. Alferov,Zhores Chu, Steven Esaki, Leo Fischer, Ernst giaever, ivar Huber, Robert http://www.phys.vt.edu/~ucn/Lindau2001/laureate.html

List of Laureates to attend the meeting linked to the www.nobel.se webpage with info about each. Alferov, Zhores Chu, Steven Esaki, Leo Fischer, Ernst ... Arber, Werner

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