41. Giauque giauque, william francis (szül. nulla fokhoz közeli hômérsékleteken mutatotttulajdonságainak vizsgálatáért 1949ben kémiai nobel-díjat kapott. http://www.kfki.hu/~cheminfo/hun/olvaso/bh/bh1/giauque.html

42. William Francis Giauque: Awards Won By William Francis Giauque 123Awards hardwork is paid in form of awards. Awards of william francis giauque.OTHERnobel, 1949, CHEMISTRY. Enter Artist/Album. Partner Sites. Stardose.com. http://www.123awards.com/artist/7862.asp

hardwork is paid in form of awards Awards of William Francis Giauque OTHER-NOBEL CHEMISTRY Enter Artist/Album Partner Sites Stardose.com RealLyrics.com OnlyHitLyrics.com Biography Search Engine ... privacy

43. History Of Chemistry Papers of J. Willard Gibbs, Josiah Willard Gibbs and Wilhelm Ostwald A Contrastin Scientific Style Gibbs Models william francis giauque 1949 nobel Prize in http://www.chemistrycoach.com/history_of_chemistry.htm

44. Nobel Prize For Chemistry nobel Prize for Chemistry. Arne Tiselius (Sweden), for biochemical discoveries andisolation of mouse paralysis virus 1949 william francis giauque (US), for http://www.factmonster.com/ipa/A0105786.html

Huge assortment of web cameras, spycams and live surveillance products - at great prices ! Bargain.com.. Movies , videos with your favorite celebrity ! Magazines, newsletters, stories and pics from around the world! All Infoplease All Almanacs General Entertainment Sports Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Infoplease Home Almanacs Atlas Dictionary ... Fact Monster Kids' reference Info:Daily Fun facts Homework Center Newsletter You've got info! Help Site Map Visit related sites from: Family Education Network Arts and Entertainment Awards Nobel Prizes Nobel Prize for Chemistry For years not listed, no award was made. Jacobus H. van't Hoff (Netherlands), for laws of chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure in solutions Emil Fischer (Germany), for experiments in sugar and purin groups of substances Svante A. Arrhenius (Sweden), for his electrolytic theory of dissociation Sir William Ramsay (U.K.), for discovery and determination of place of inert gaseous elements in air Adolf von Baeyer (Germany), for work on organic dyes and hydroaromatic combinations Henri Moissan (France), for isolation of fluorine, and introduction of electric furnace

45. Information Please: 1949 Science. nobel Prizes in Science Chemistry william francis giauque (US),for research in thermodynamics, especially effects of low temperature. http://www.factmonster.com/year/1949.html

World U.S. Economics Sports ... Year by Year: 1900-2002 World Events World Statistics population by decade Nobel Peace Prize: Lord John Boyd Orr (Scotland) More World Statistics... Twelve nations sign the North Atlantic Treaty establishing NATO (Apr. 4). German Federal Republic (West Germany ) established (Sept. 21). Communist People's Republic of China formally proclaimed by Chairman Mao Zedong (Oct. 1). South Africa institutionalizes apartheid. Britain recognizes the independence of the Republic of Ireland. Northern Ireland remains a part of the United Kingdom More History... U.S. Events U.S. Statistics President: Harry S Truman Vice President: Alben W. Barkley Population: Life expectancy: 68.0 years Homicide Rate (per 100,000): More U.S. Statistics... US recognizes the state of Israel Truman proposes Point Four program to help world's less developed areas (Jan. 20). More History... Economics US GDP (1998 dollars): $267.8 billion Federal spending: $38.84 billion Federal debt: $252.6 billion Dow Jones High/Low: Consumer Price Index: Unemployment: Cost of a first-class stamp: More Economics...

46. Kimyaokulu - Nobel ödülü Kazanan Bilim Adamlarý nobel ÖDÜLÜ KAZANAN BILIM ADAMLARI VE YAPTIGI ÇALISMALAR. 1949, giauque,william francis ABD, Kaliforniya Üniversitesi, Berkeley, CA, d.1895, ö. http://kimyaokulu.com/bilimin onculeri/nobel/nobel_odulu_kazananlar06.htm

NOBEL ÖDÜLÜ KAZANAN BÝLÝM ADAMLARI VE YAPTIÐI ÇALIÞMALAR YIL YAPILAN ÇALIÞMALAR VE BÝLÝM ADAMLARI DIELS, OTTO, PAUL HERMANN Almanya, Kiel Üniversitesi, d. 1876, ö. 1954; ve ALDER, KURT, Almanya, Cologne Üniversitesi, d. 1902, ö. 1958: Dien sentezini buluþlarý ve geliþtiriþleri için GIAUQUE, WILLIAM FRANCIS A.B.D., Kaliforniya Üniversitesi, Berkeley, CA, d.1895, ö. 1982: Kimyasal termodinamik alanýna katkýlarý ve özellikle maddelerin olaðanüstü düþük sýcaklýklardaki tavýrlarý konusunda çalýþmalarý için TISELIUS, ARNE WILHELM KAURIN Ýsveç, Uppsala Üniversitesi, d. 1902, ö. 1971: Elektroforez ve emilim analizi konusunda araþtýrmalarý ve özellikle serum proteinlerinin karmaþýk doðalarý ile ilgili buluþlarý için ROBINSON, Sir ROBERT Ýngiltere, Oxford Üniversitesi, d. 1886, ö. 1975: Biyolojik deðer taþýyan bitkisel ürünler, özellikle alkoloidler üzerindeki çalýþmalarý için SUMNER, JAMES BATCHELLER A.B.D., Cornell Üniversitesi, Ithaca, NY, d. 1887, ö. 1955: Enzimlerin kristalize edilebileceðini keþfi için NORTHROP, JOHN HOWARD A.B.D., Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, Princeton, NJ, d. 1891, ö. 1987; ve

47. Nobel Prizes In Chemistry 3. PRIZE YEAR. nobel CHEMISTS. SUPERVISOR. Ph.D. UNIVERSITY. DATES. Age (years).Age at Prize. 80. 63. 1949. giauque, william francis. George Ernest Gibson. 1922.California. http://www.chem.yorku.ca/NAMED/NOBEL/CHEM/

Nobel Prizes in Chemistry Department of Chemistry, York University 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ONTARIO M3J 1P3, CANADA For suggestions, corrections, additional information, and comments please send e-mails to jandraos@yorku.ca http://www.chem.yorku.ca/NAMED/ NOBEL PRIZE CHEMISTRY YEAR NAMES OF SCIENTISTS NATIONALITY TYPE OF CHEMISTRY Jacobus van't Hoff Dutch physical Emil Fischer German organic Svante Arrhenius Swedish physical Sir William Ramsay British physical Adolf von Baeyer German organic Henri Moissan French inorganic Eduard Buchner German organic/bioorganic Lord Ernest Rutherford British nuclear Wilhelm Ostwald Latvian physical Otto Wallach German organic Marie Curie Polish-French nuclear Victor Grignard French organic Paul Sabatier French organic Alfred Werner German inorganic Theodore Williams Richards American physical Richard Martin Willstatter German organic no prize awarded no prize awarded Fritz Haber German physical/industrial no prize awarded Walther Hermann Nernst German physical Frederick Soddy British nuclear Francis William Aston British analytical Fritz Pregl Slovenian analytical no prize awarded Richard Zsigmondy Austrian physical Theodor Svedberg Swedish physical Heinrich Wieland German organic Adolf Windaus German organic Hans von Euler-Chelpin German bioorganic Arthur Harden British bioorganic Hans Fischer German bioorganic Friedrich Bergius German physical Carl Bosch German physical Irving Langmuir American physical no prize awarded Harold Urey American nuclear Frederic Joliot French nuclear Irene Joliot-Curie French nuclear Peter Debye Dutch physical Sir Walter Haworth

48. Géniesenherbe.org - Prix Nobel De Chimie Translate this page Le prix nobel de chimie est attribué par l'Académie royale des sciencesde Suède, à Stockholm. 1949, william francis giauque (États-Unis). http://www.geniesenherbe.org/theorie/prix/nobchem.html

Lauréats du prix Nobel de chimie Le prix Nobel de chimie est attribué par l'Académie royale des sciences de Suède, à Stockholm. Année Récipiendaire Jacobus Henricus van't Hoff (Pays-Bas) Hermann Emil Fischer (Allemagne) Svante August Arrhenius (Suède) sir William Ramsay (Grande-Bretagne) Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer (Allemagne) Henri Moisan (France) Eduard Buchner (Allemagne) lord Ernest Rutherford (Grande-Bretagne) Wilhelm Ostwald (Allemagne) Otto Wallach (Allemagne) Marie Curie , née Sklodowska (France) Victor Grignard (France) et Paul Sabatier (France) Alfred Werner (Suisse) Theodore William Richards (États-Unis) Richard Martin Willstätter (Allemagne) NON ATTRIBUÉ NON ATTRIBUÉ Fritz Haber (Allemagne) NON ATTRIBUÉ Walther Hermann Nernst (Allemagne) Frederick Soddy (Grande-Bretagne) Francis William Aston (Grande-Bretagne) Fritz Pregl (Autriche) NON ATTRIBUÉ Richard Adolf Zsigmondy (Autriche) Theodor Svedberg (Suède) Heinrich Otto Wieland (Allemagne) Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus (Allemagne) sir Arthur Harden (Grande-Bretagne) et Hans Karl August Simon On Euler-Chelpin , (Suède) Hans Fischer (Allemagne) Carl Bosch et Friedrich Bergius (Allemagne) Irving Langmuir (États-Unis) NON ATTRIBUÉ Harold Clayton Urey (États-Unis) Jean-Frédéric Joliot (France) et Irène Joliot-Curie (France) Petrus Josephus Wilhelmus Debye (Pays-Bas) Walter Norman Haworth (Grande-Bretagne) Richard Kuhn (Allemagne) Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt (Allemagne) et Leopold Ruzicka (Suisse) NON ATTRIBUÉ NON ATTRIBUÉ NON ATTRIBUÉ Georg Hevesy de Heves (Suède) Otto Hahn (Allemagne) Artturi Ilmari

49. Sigma Xi: The Scientific Research Society: Nobel Laureates D. Watson 1964 Konrad E. Bloch 1966 Charles B. Huggins 1966 francis Peyton Rous 1946James B. Sumner 1948 Arne WK Tiselius 1949 william F. giauque 1951 Edwin M http://www.sigmaxi.org/about/overview/nobel.shtml

Overview Leadership Organization News ... Contact Us About: Overview Leadership Organization News Support Sigma Xi ... Contact Us Search: Site Map Home Overview Physics 1907 Albert Michelson 1921 Albert Einstein 1923 Robert A. Millikan 1925 James Franck 1927 Arthur H. Compton 1936 Carl D. Anderson 1937 Clinton J. Davisson 1938 Enrico Fermi 1939 Ernest O. Lawrence 1943 Otto Stern 1944 Isidor Isaac Rabi 1945 Wolfgang Pauli 1946 Percy Williams Bridgman 1952 Felix Bloch 1952 Edward M. Purcell 1955 Polykarp Kusch 1955 Willis E. Lamb, Jr. 1956 John Bardeen 1956 Walter H. Brattain 1956 William Shockley 1957 Chen Ning Yang 1958 Igor Y. Tamm 1959 Owen Chamberlain 1959 Emilio G. Segre 1960 Donald A. Glaser 1961 Robert Hofstadter 1963 Eugene P. Wigner

50. Prémios Nobel Translate this page . Prémios nobel de Química. 1949 - william francis giauque (EUA), pelostrabalhos desenvolvidos no campo da termodinâmica química. http://luisperna.com.sapo.pt/nobel_quimica.htm

Prémios Nobel de Química 2002 - John B. Fenn (EUA), Koichi Tanaka (Japão), e Kurt Wüthrich (Suíça), pela sua contribuição para o desenvolvimento da espectrometria de massa e ressonância magnética nuclear, métodos que permitem identificar e analisar macromoléculas biológicas, como as proteínas. Os trabalhos premiados permitiram desenvolver métodos analíticos que facilitam a compreensão das macromoléculas e a interacção destas, ou seja, basicamente aquilo que determina as funções das células do corpo humano e também revolucionaram o desenvolvimento de medicamentos e são promissores em outras áreas como, por exemplo, o controlo alimentar e o diagnóstico precoce de alguns tipos de cancro. William Knowles (E.U.A), Barry Sharpless (E.U.A), Ryoji Noyori (Japão), pela investigações na área da síntese catalítica assimétrica Alan J. Heeger (E.U.A), Alan G. MacDiarmid (E.U.A), Hideki Shirakawa (Japão), pela descoberta e desenvolvimento dos polímeros condutores. Ahmed H. Zewail

51. Nobel Prize Winners: Chemistry nobel Prize Winners Chemistry. The descriptions in green are for work that is relevantto high school chemistry Year. Article. 1949. giauque, william francis. US. http://www.emsb.qc.ca/laurenhill/science/nobelcm.html

Nobel Prize Winners: Chemistry The descriptions in green are for work that is relevant to high school chemistry Year Article Country* Achievement Hoff, Jacobus Henricus van't The Netherlands laws of chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure Fischer, Emil Germany work on sugar and purine syntheses Arrhenius, Svante Sweden theory of electrolytic dissociation. Arrhenius not only proposed that acids and bases break up into ions, but he used ions to explain neutralization reactions and electrical conductivity of solutions. Ramsay, Sir William U.K. discovery of inert gas elements and their places in the periodic system. Through fractional distillation and spectral analysis of liquid argon from liquid air, Ramsay discovered neon, krypton and xenon. Baeyer, Adolf von Germany work on organic dyes, hydroaromatic compounds Moissan, Henri France isolation of fluorine ; introduction of Moissan furnace By electrolysis of HF, Moissan isolated fluorine and remarked that it could attack even cold silicon, burning it with occasional sparks. Buchner, Eduard

52. Click Here giauque, william francis (18951982), American chemist and nobel laureate, best knownfor discovering a method for producing temperatures approaching absolute http://www.freegk.com/nobel/Giauque.php

Giauque, William Francis Giauque, William Francis (1895-1982), American chemist and Nobel laureate, best known for discovering a method for producing temperatures approaching absolute zero by adiabatic demagnetization. He was a codiscoverer (1929) with Herrick L. Johnston of the oxygen isotopes of mass 17 and 18. Through his research Giauque found an experimental basis for quantum statistics and the third law of thermodynamics. For his work in chemical thermodynamics he received the 1949 Nobel Prize for Chemistry. Back MakeThreeColumnList('hs0263860', 6, '#FFFFFF', 2, '#ffcc00', '#0000FF', 'black', '185'); Home Greeting Cards Privacy About Us ... info@freegk.com

53. The Nobel Prize Theodore Seaborg) 1950 (Otto Paul Hermann Diels), ? (KurtAlder) 1949 ? ?(william francis giauque) 1948 ? http://home.megapass.co.kr/~jayleen/chemi/chemi-index.htm

William S. Knowles), ³ë¿ä¸® ·á´Ï(Ryoji Noyori), º£¸® »þǸ®½º(K. Barry Sharpless) Alan J. Heeger), ¾Ù·± ¸Æ´õ¹Ìµå(Alan G. MacDiarmid), ½¶óÄ«¿Í È÷µ¥Å°(Hideki Shirakawa) Ahmed H. Zewail) 1998 ¿ùÅÍ ÄÜ(Walter Kohn), Á¸ Æ÷Ç(John A. Pople) 1997 Æú º¸À̾î(Paul D. Boyer), Á¸ ¿öÄ¿(John E. Walker), Á¨ ½ºÄí(Jens C. Skou) 1996 ·Î¹öÆ® Ä(Robert F. Curl Jr.), ÇØ·²µå Å©·ÎÅä(Sir Harold W. Kroto), ¸®³µå ½º¸ô¸®(Richard E. Smalley) 1995 ÆÄ¿ï Å©·çÁ¨(Paul J. Crutzen), ¸¶¸®¿À ¸ô¸®³ª(Mario J. Molina), ¼Å¿ìµå ·Ñ·±µå(F. Sherwood Rowland) 1994 Á¶Áö ¿¶ó(George A. Olah) 1993 ij¸® ¸Ö¸®½º(Kary B. Mullis), ¸¶ÀÌŬ ½º¹Ì½º(Michael Smith) 1992 ·çµ¹ÇÁ ¸¶Ä¿½º(Rudolph A. Marcus) 1991 ¸®Çϸ£Æ® ¿¡¸¥½ºÆ®(Richard R. Ernst) 1990 À϶óÀ̾ Á¦ÀÓ½º ÄÚ¸®(Elias James Corey) 1989 ½µå´Ï ¾ËÆ®¸Õ(Sidney Altman), Å丶½º ½(Thomas R. Cech) 1988 ¿äÇÑ ´ÙÀÌÁ¨È£ÆÛ(Johann Deisenhofer), ·Îº£¸£Æ® ÈĹö(Robert Huber), Çϸ£Æ®¹«Æ® ¹ÌÇï(Hartmut Michel) 1987 µµ³Îµå Å©·¥(Donald J. Cram), Àå ¸¶¸® ·©(Jean-Marie Lehn), Âû½º Æä´õ½¼(Charles J. Pedersen) 1986 ´õµé¸® Çã½¹Ú(Dudley R. Herschbach), ¸®À§¾ÈÀú(Yuan T. Lee), Á¸ Æú¶ó´Ï(John C. Polanyi) 1985 Ç츣Ʈ ÇÏ¿ìÇÁÆ®¸¸(Herbert A. Hauptman), Á¦·Ò Ä«¸¦(Jerome Karle)

54. 20th Century Year By Year 1948 nobel Prizes. Chemistry giauque, william francis, USA, University of California,Berkeley, CA, b. 1895, d. 1982 for his contributions in the field of chemical http://www.multied.com/20th/1949.html

Major Event/ Sports Nobel Prizes Pulitzer Prizes ... Academy Awards and Popular Movies Major Events of 1949 NATO Communist Victory China Soviets Detonate A-Bomb Around The World Flight ... "Comet"- Commercial Jet Sports NBA: Minneapolis Lakers vs. Washington Capitols Series: 4-2 NCAA Football: Notre Dame Record: 10-0-0 Heisman Trophy: Leon Hart, notre dame, E Points: 995 Stanley Cup: Toronto Maple Leafs vs. Detroit Red Skins Series: 4-0 US Open Golf: Cary Middlecoff Score: 286 Course: Medinah CC Location: Medinah, IL World Series: New York Yankees vs. Brooklyn Dodgers Series: 4-1 Popular Movies 1. Jolson Sings Again 2. Pinky 3. I Was A Male War 4. Bride 6. The Stratton Story 7. Mr. Belevedere Goes to College 8. Little Women 9. Words of Music 10. Neptune's Daughter Academy Awards Best Picture: "All the King's Men" Best Director: Joseph L. Mankiewicz ... "Letter to Three Wives" Best Actor: Broderick Crawford ... "All the King's Men" Best Actress: Olivia de Havilland ... "The Heiress"

55. Nobel Prizes For Chemistry nobel Prize for Chemistry. 1949. william francis giauque (US), for researchin thermodynamics, especially effects of low temperature. 1950. http://homepages.shu.ac.uk/~acsdry/quizes/chemistry.htm

Nobel Prize for Chemistry For years not listed, no award was made. Jacobus H. van't Hoff (Netherlands), for laws of chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure in solutions Emil Fischer (Germany), for experiments in sugar and purin groups of substances Svante A. Arrhenius (Sweden), for his electrolytic theory of dissociation Sir William Ramsay (U.K.), for discovery and determination of place of inert gaseous elements in air Adolf von Baeyer (Germany), for work on organic dyes and hydroaromatic combinations Henri Moissan (France), for isolation of fluorine, and introduction of electric furnace Eduard Buchner (Germany), discovery of cell-less fermentation and investigations in biological chemistry Sir Ernest Rutherford (U.K.), for investigations into disintegration of elements Wilhelm Ostwald (Germany), for work on catalysis and investigations into chemical equilibrium and reaction rates Otto Wallach (Germany), for work in the field of alicyclic compounds Marie Curie (France), for discovery of elements radium and polonium Victor Grignard (France), for reagent discovered by him; and Paul Sabatier (France), for methods of hydrogenating organic compounds

56. CNN.com 1950 Otto Paul Hermann Diels, Kurt Alder. 1949 william francis giauque.1948 Arne Wilhelm Kaurin Tiselius. 1947 Sir Robert Robinson. http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2001/nobel.100/chemistry.html

HOME OVERVIEW PROFILE: ANNAN PURSUIT OF PEACE ... RESOURCES Chemistry 2001 William Knowles, K. Barry Sharpless, Ryoji Noyori 2000 Alan J. Heeger, Alan G. MacDiarmid, Hideki Shirakawa 1999 Ahmed H. Zewail 1998 Walter Kohn, John A. Pople 1997 Paul D. Boyer, John E. Walker, Jens C. Skou 1996 Robert F. Curl Jr., Sir Harold W. Kroto, Richard E. Smalley 1995 Paul J. Crutzen, Mario J. Molina, F. Sherwood Rowland 1994 George A. Olah 1993 Kary B. Mullis, Michael Smith 1992 Rudolph A. Marcus 1991 Richard R. Ernst 1990 Elias James Corey 1989 Sidney Altman, Thomas R. Cech 1988 Johann Deisenhofer, Robert Huber, Hartmut Michel 1987 Donald J. Cram, Jean-Marie Lehn, Charles J. Pedersen 1986 Dudley R. Herschbach, Yuan T. Lee, John C. Polanyi 1985 Herbert A. Hauptman, Jerome Karle 1984 Robert Bruce Merrifield 1983 Henry Taube 1982 Aaron Klug 1981 Kenichi Fukui, Roald Hoffmann 1980 Paul Berg, Walter Gilbert, Frederick Sanger 1979 Herbert C. Brown, Georg Wittig 1978 Peter D. Mitchell 1977 Ilya Prigogine 1976 William N. Lipscomb

57. Volver A La Página Principal Las Instituciones Que Nos Cobijan Premios nobel de Química. PRINCIPAL ÍNDICE Notas nobel Medicina nobel Química Año, Tema, Ganador. 1949, giauque, william francis. http://www.biologia.edu.ar/basicos/nobeles/nobelq~1.htm

PRINCIPAL ÍNDICE Notas Nobel Medicina [ Nobel Química ] Tema Ganador Hoff, Jacobus Henricus Van't Fischer, Hermann Emil Arrhenius, Svante August Ramsay, Sir William Baeyer, Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Von Moissan, Henri Buchner, Eduard Rutherford, Lord Ernest Ostwald, Wilhelm Wallach, Otto Curie, Marie Grignard, Victor; Sabatier, Paul Werner, Alfred Richards, Theodore William Willstatter, Richard Martin Haber, Fritz Nernst, Walther Hermann Soddy, Frederick Aston, Francis William Pregl, Fritz Zsigmondy, Richard Adolf Svedberg, The Wieland, Heinrich Otto Windaus, Adolf Otto Reinhold Euler-chelpin, Hans Karl August Von; Harden, Sir Arthur Fischer, Hans Bergius, Friedrich; Bosch, Carl Langmuir, Irving Urey, Harold Clayton Joliot, Frederic; Joliot-Curie, Irene Debye, Petrus Josephus Wilhelmus Haworth, Sir Walter Norman; Karrer, Paul Kuhn, Richard Butenandt, Adolf Friedrich Johann; Ruzicka, Leopold De Hevesy, George

58. Laureáti Nobelovy Ceny Za Chemii Informace o knize vydané nakladatelstvím Alda.Category World Czech Veda Chemie...... Jejich plné znení je uverejnováno v publikaci Les Prix nobel. 1948, Arne WilhelmKaurin Tiselius. 1949, william francis giauque. 1950, Otto Paul Hermann Diels. http://mujweb.atlas.cz/www/nobelchemie/

Laureáti Nobelovy ceny za chemii OLOMOUC, ALDA 1998 ISBN 80-85600-54-4 Struktura stránky: Na poèátku byl dynamit struèný životopis Alfreda Bernharda Nobela a histo rie Nobelovy nadace - Nobelova cena za chemii (pøehled státù podle poètu udìlených cen) Laureáti Nobelovy ceny za chemii v letech 1901-1998 Recenze knihy Kniha - Laureáti Nobelovy ceny za chemii Alfred Bernhard Nobel 21. 10. 1833 Stockholm - 10. 12. 1896 San Remo Na poèátku byl dynamit Alfred Bernhard Nobel (21. 10. 1833 Stockholm – 10. 12. 1896 San Remo) patøil k nejvýznamnìjším vynálezcùm devatenáctého století. Pøihlásil na tøistapadesát patentù ve všech státech svìta a málokdo se dožil uplatnìní svých vynálezù jako právì on. Jeho vynálezy byly výsledkem práce Nobelových laboratoøí v Nìmecku, Francii, Skotsku, Itálii a Švédsku. Své objevy realizoval v devadesáti továrnách a firmách dvaceti zemí pìti kontinentù. Pocházel z rodiny švédského chemika a podnikatele, ale rodina záhy odešla do Ruska, kde jeho otec díky vynálezùm protipìchotních a vodních min dosáhl velmi rychle váženého postavení. Alfred Nobel je znám pøedevším jako vynálezce smutnì proslaveného dynamitu (1867), ale obrovskou senzaci zpùsobil také jeho testament, který napsal na sklonku svého života 27. listopadu 1895 v Paøíži. Vyøízení pozùstalosti se protáhlo až do roku 1900, nebo nìkteøí zákonní dìdicové se snažili zpochybnit její platnost, a potíže nastaly také kvùli Nobelovu skuteènému bydlišti a váhavému postoji institucí, které mìly podle závìti pøevzít odpovìdnost pøi udílení penìžitých odmìn. Založení Nobelovy nadace a pøedpisy pro instituce oprávnìné udìlovat ceny schválil švédský král 29. èervna 1900 a první Nobelovy ceny byly udìleny již o rok pozdìji.

59. The Hindu : Nobel Laureates In Chemistry: Down Memory Lane nobel Laureates in chemistry Down memory lane. 1949 william francis giauque forhis contributions in the field of chemical thermodynamics, particularly http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/2001/10/18/stories/08180002.htm

Online edition of India's National Newspaper Thursday, October 18, 2001 Front Page National Southern States Other States ... Next Nobel Laureates in chemistry: Down memory lane 2001 WILLIAM S. KNOWLES, RYOJI NOYORI and K. BARRY SHARPLESS for developing catalytic asymmetric synthesis. The achievements are of great importance for the development of new drugs and materials.2000-1991 2000 ALAN J. HEEGER, ALAN G. MACDIARMID, and HIDEKI SHIRAKAWA for the discovery and development of conductive polymers. 1999 AHMED ZEWAIL for his research and studies of transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond spectroscopy. 1998 WALTER KOHN for his development of the density-functional theory and JOHN A. POPLE for his development of computational methods in quantum chemistry. 1997 PAUL D. BOYER and JOHN E. WALKER for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and JENS C. SKOU for the first discovery of an ion-transporting enzyme, Na+, K+-ATPase. 1996 ROBERT F. CURL, Jr. , SIR HAROLD W. KROTO , and RICHARD E. SMALLEY for discovering fullerenes.

60. ŵ ±´ ¶û ½± Ïû Ï¢ ? ? ? (18951982) william francis giauque. The winner of the nobel Prize inChemistry 1949 for his contributions in the field of chemical thermodynamics http://www.networkchinese.com/chineseprof/region/other/uc_camtus/berkeley/gianqu

William F. Giauque William Francis Giauque The winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1949 "for his contributions in the field of chemical thermodynamics, particularly concerning the behaviour of substances at extremely low temperatures". www.nobel.se/chemistry/laureates/1949/giauque-bio.html

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