1. Walter Gilbert - Autobiography walter gilbert – Autobiography. I am married to Celia gilbert, a poet, andhave two children, John Richard and Kate. From Les Prix nobel 1980. http://www.nobel.se/chemistry/laureates/1980/gilbert-autobio.html

I was born on March 21, 1932 in Boston, Massachusetts. My father, Richard V. Gilbert, an economist, was at that time at Harvard University . He worked for the Office of Price Administration during the second World War and later headed up a planning group advising the Pakistani government. My mother, Emma Cohen, was a child psychologist, who practiced giving intelligence tests to me and my younger sister. She educated us at home for the first few years, to keep my sister and me amused. We loved reading and raided the adult section of the public library. In 1939 my family moved to Washington D.C.; I was educated there in public schools, later at the Sidwell Friends high school. I always had an interest in science, in those years minerology and astronomy (I was a member of a minerological society and an astronomical society as a child). I became interested in inorganic chemistry at high school. In my last year in high school, 1949, I was fascinated by nuclear physics and would skip school for long periods to go down to the Library of Congress to read about Van de Graaf generators and simple atom smashers. I went to Harvard and majored in chemistry and physics. I became interested in theoretical physics and, as a graduate student, worked in the theory of elementary particles, the quantum theory of fields. I spent my first graduate year at Harvard, then went to the

2. Chemistry 1980 The nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980. Paul Berg, walter gilbert, Frederick Sanger.1/2 of the prize, 1/4 of the prize, 1/4 of the prize. USA, USA, United Kingdom. http://www.nobel.se/chemistry/laureates/1980/

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980 "for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids, with particular regard to recombinant-DNA" "for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids" Paul Berg Walter Gilbert Frederick Sanger 1/2 of the prize 1/4 of the prize 1/4 of the prize USA USA United Kingdom Stanford University Stanford, CA, USA Biological Laboratories Cambridge, MA, USA MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology Cambridge, United Kingdom b. 1926 b. 1932 b. 1918 The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980 Press Release Presentation Speech Paul Berg ... Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1958 The 1980 Prize in: Physics Chemistry Physiology or Medicine Literature ... Economic Sciences Find a Laureate: Last modified June 16, 2000 The Official Web Site of The Nobel Foundation

3. Walter Gilbert Winner Of The 1980 Nobel Prize In Chemistry walter gilbert, a nobel Prize Laureate in Chemistry, at the nobelPrize Internet Archive. walter gilbert. 1980 nobel Laureate in http://almaz.com/nobel/chemistry/1980b.html

W ALTER G ILBERT 1980 Nobel Laureate in Chemistry for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids. Background Born: 1932 Residence: U.S.A. Affiliation: Biological Laboratories, Cambridge, MA Featured Internet Links Prize Co-recipient: Frederick Sanger A profile The Walter Gilbert Lab site at Harvard University Search WWW Search The Nobel Prize Internet Archive Nobel News Links Emma Gilbert's Obituary Richard Gilbert's Obituary Biogen Names Chief Executive Officer Pharmaceutical Official to Succed Biotechnology Company Founder ... Award announcements and background Links added by Nobel Internet Archive visitors Biogen Winner of The Gairdner Foundation Int'l Award New business endevour, NetGenics Walter Gilbert – Autobiography (submitted by Chinnappan Baskar Walter Gilbert – Nobel Lecture (submitted by Chinnappan Baskar Back to The Nobel Prize Internet Archive Literature Peace ... Medicine We always welcome your feedback and comments

4. Index Of Nobel Laureates In Chemistry ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF nobel PRIZE LAUREATES IN CHEMISTRY. Name, Year Awarded.Alder, Kurt, 1950. Giauque, William Francis, 1949. gilbert, walter, 1980. http://almaz.com/nobel/chemistry/alpha.html

ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF NOBEL PRIZE LAUREATES IN CHEMISTRY Name Year Awarded Alder, Kurt Altman, Sidney Anfinsen, Christian B. Arrhenius, Svante August ... Medicine We always welcome your feedback and comments

5. Gilbert, Walter gilbert, walter. (b. March 21, 1932, Boston, Mass., US), American molecular biologistwho was awarded a share (with Paul Berg and Frederick Sanger) of the nobel http://www.britannica.com/nobel/micro/234_50.html

Gilbert, Walter (b. March 21, 1932, Boston, Mass., U.S.), American molecular biologist who was awarded a share (with Paul Berg and Frederick Sanger ) of the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1980 for his development of a method for determining the sequence of nucleotide links in the chainlike molecules of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA). Gilbert graduated from Harvard University with a degree in physics in 1953 and took a Ph.D. in mathematics from Cambridge University in 1957. He joined the Harvard faculty as a lecturer in physics in 1958 and, as his interests changed, advanced to assistant professor of physics in 1959, associate professor of biophysics in 1964, and professor of biochemistry in 1968. In 1972 he became American Cancer Society professor of molecular biology at Harvard. Escherichia coli that prevents a gene from manufacturing a certain enzyme except when lactose is present. In the 1970s Gilbert developed a widely used technique of using gel electrophoresis to read the nucleotide sequences of DNA segments. The same method was developed independently by Sanger. In 1979 Gilbert, while retaining his affiliation with Harvard, joined a group of other scientists and businessmen to form Biogen, a commercial genetic-engineering research corporation. Gilbert resigned from Biogen in 1984 and, while continuing to teach at Harvard, became a chief proponent of the Human Genome Project, a government-funded effort to compile a complete map of the gene sequences in human DNA.

6. Search Results For Walter Gilbert - Encyclopædia Britannica - The Online Encycl walter gilbert nobel Foundation Autobiography of this American scientist awardedthe nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1980, for determining the base sequences of http://www.britannica.com/search?query=walter gilbert&seo

7. Walter Gilbert, Nobel Laureate In Chemistry walter gilbert, nobel Laureate, chemistry, 1980. I met walter gilbert once or twice;he is a physicist with wide interests. Go to my HOME PAGE for more links. http://www.mth.kcl.ac.uk/~streater/gilbert.html

Walter Gilbert, Nobel Laureate, chemistry, 1980. I met Walter Gilbert once or twice; he is a physicist with wide interests. Go to my HOME PAGE for more links.

8. Walter Gilbert (1932 - ) For his work, gilbert shared the 1980 nobel Prize for Chemistry with Frederick Sangerand Paul Berg. Go to The walter gilbert Web Site at Harvard University. http://www.accessexcellence.org/AB/BC/Walter_Gilbert.html

Walter Gilbert (1932 - ) Susan Wiegand While the world at large admires the work of excellent scientists, those whom the scientists themselves revere is something else entirely. Walter Gilbert is among that select group. Born in 1932 in Boston, Gilbert has rarely strayed from that intellectual and scientific nest. The first time was at the age of seven when his father, an economist who had taught at Harvard for the first years of the boy's life, took a job with a Washington D.C. brain trust for the duration of World War II. Already showing the makings of a scientist, Gilbert ground mirrors for his own telescopes and joined his first science society, a group of adult amateur geologists. It was also while living in suburban Virginia that the twelve-year-old executed his first dramatically failed chemical experiment, causing an explosion, which resulted in a slashed wrist from flying glass and a trip to the hospital. His mother, a child psychologist, remembers that as they approached the hospital, Walter offered his first commentary on the event: "I know what I did wrong," he brightened, the physical pain subdued by stubborn curiosity. School frequently bored Gilbert, and he did not regularly visit the Quaker institution where his parents had installed him. But unflagging enthusiasm for scientific inquiry - even in the face of explosions and bloodshed - remained with Gilbert and followed him to Harvard University in 1950. There he studied chemistry and physics in the company of great scientists, who all seemed destined for some Nobel appreciation. After graduating, Gilbert went to Cambridge University, England, where he pursued his Ph.D. in physics. It was there that he made the acquaintance of another young American

9. Walter Gilbert - CIRS Affiliation Carl M. Loeb University Professor, walter gilbert Laboratory, HarvardUniversity, Cambridge role in this work, he shared the 1980 nobel Prize in http://www.cirs.net/researchers/Chemistry/GILBERT.htm

GILBERT, WALTER gilbert@nucleus.harvard.edu Affiliation : Carl M. Loeb University Professor, Walter Gilbert Laboratory, Harvard University , Cambridge, USA. Research Interests : He helped formulate a method for determining the sequence of bases in nucleic acids (RNA and DNA) that made it possible to manufacture genetic material in the laboratory. For his role in this work, he shared the 1980 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Frederick Sanger and Paul Berg. Dr Gilbert and his group are interested in the evolution of the intron/exon structure of genes. Are the introns ancient structures, used to assemble the first genes four billion years ago? Or are they more recent acquisitions, used for exon shuffling in recently evolved proteins ? Their work ranges from theoretical estimates for the size of the universe of exons to theoretical arguments that the introns are very old and that exons are related to folding subunits of proteins. They are studying the assembling of protein shapes from modular substructures. Awards : 1979 Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research " For his brilliant development of a new technique for the rapid sequencing of DNA ".

10. Lacey Luense walter_gilbert.html; gilbert, walter “Autobiography of walter gilbert”nobel Lectures in Chemistry, 1971 1980 p. 406-407 (1981); Campbell http://inst.augie.edu/~ljluense/gilbert.htm

Lacey Luense Chem 120H Dr. Arlen Viste 4 December 1999 Walter Gilbert The purpose of research is to explore the unknown. The desire for new knowledge calls forth the answers to new questions (1). To research is the studious inquiry or examination; the investigation or experimentation aimed at the discovery and interpretation of facts, revision of accepted theories or laws in the light of new facts, or practical application of such new or revised theories or laws (2). The two previous statements are two ideas that perfectly describe Nobel Laureate Walter Gilbert. The first is a segment of Gilbert’s Nobel address that he prepared in honor of receiving the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1980. The second is the definition of research. Gilbert devoted much of his time and effort to the continuing study of biochemistry and genetics. It was through his perseverance in the study of the natural sciences that he earned the Nobel Prize for his work on gene structure and DNA sequencing. It is largely because of his work that much advancement in the field of pharmaceuticals has been made. Dr. Walter Gilbert has contributed many important studies and theories to the fields of physics, chemistry, and biology through his multi-disciplinary work in the area of the sciences.

11. Gilbert, Walter gilbert, walter, 1932–, American molecular biologist, b. Boston, Ph.D. CambridgeUniv., 1957. For his role in this work, he shared the 1980 nobel Prize in http://www.infoplease.com/cgi-bin/id/A0820809

12. Gilbert, Walter gilbert, walter chemist, nobel laureate Birthplace Boston Born 3/21/32 Previousgilbert, Melissa, Top of section G, Next gilbert, Sir William Schwenck. http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0301543.html

13. Bigchalk: HomeworkCentral: A-L (Chemistry) Calvin, Melvin (1961); Crutzen, Paul (1995) (nobel Foundation); Ernst,Richard (1991); gilbert, walter (1980); Grignard, François Auguste http://www.bigchalk.com/cgi-bin/WebObjects/WOPortal.woa/Homework/High_School/Bio

Home About Us Newsletters My Products ... Product Info Center Email this page to a friend! K-5 A-L document.write(''); document.write(''); document.write(''); document.write(''); ARRHENIUS, SVANTE AUGUST (1903) Arrhenius, Svante August (1903) Arrhenius, Svante August: Biography Arrhenius, Svante August: Biography ... Contact Us

14. Bigchalk: HomeworkCentral: Other (A-L) Calvin, Melvin (1961); Calvin, Melvin (1961); Crutzen, Paul (1995) (nobel Foundation);Ernst, Richard (1991); gilbert, walter (1980); Grignard, François Auguste http://www.bigchalk.com/cgi-bin/WebObjects/WOPortal.woa/Homework/High_School/Bio

Home About Us Newsletters My Products ... Product Info Center Email this page to a friend! K-5 Other document.write(''); document.write(''); document.write(''); document.write(''); World Book Online Article on CALVIN, MELVIN World Book Online Article on CRUTZEN, PAUL JOSEF World Book Online Article on GILBERT, WALTER World Book Online Article on GRIGNARD, FRANCOIS AUGUSTE VICTO ... Contact Us

15. Nobel Prize Winning Chemists nobel Prize Winning Chemists. 1979 1981 walter gilbert. The nobelPrize In Chemistry 1980. He was awarded the nobel Prize in 1980 http://www.sanbenito.k12.tx.us/district/webpages2002/judymedrano/Nobel Winners/w

Nobel Prize Winning Chemists Walter Gilbert The Nobel Prize In Chemistry 1980 He was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1980 jointly with Frederick Sanger "for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids." In the summer of 1960, Jim Watson told him about an experiment that he and Francois Gros and his students were working on. Walter found the ideas exciting and joined in for the summer. They were trying to identify messenger RNA, a short-lived RNA copy of a DNA gene, which serves as a carrier of information from the genome to the ribosomes, the factories that make proteins. After each messenger is used a few times to dictate the structure of a protein, it is broken down and recycled to make other RNA messenger molecules. After a year of work on messenger RNA, Walter returned briefly to physics then came back to Biology to study how proteins are synthesized. He showed that a single messenger molecule can service many ribosomes at once and that the growing polypeptide chain always remains attached to a transfer RNA molecule. This last discovery illuminated the mechanism of protein synthesis: the protein chain is transferred in turn form one amino-acid-bearing transfer RNA to another as it grows, their order dictated by messenger RNA and ultimately by the genetic code on the DNA. In the middle sixties, Benno Muller-Hill and Walter isolated the lactose repressor: the first example of a genetic control element. A repressor is a protein product made by one gene in the bacterium in order to control a second gene by turning it off when its product is not wanted.

16. Nobel nobelWinning Chemists. Kurt Alder. Sidney Altman. Christian B. Anfinsen. KenichiFukui. William Francis Giauque. walter gilbert. Victor Grignard. Fritz Haber. http://www.sanbenito.k12.tx.us/district/webpages2002/judymedrano/Nobel Winners/n

Nobel-Winning Chemists Kurt Alder Sidney Altman Christian B. Anfinsen Svante August Arrhenius ... Eduard Buchner Adolf Friedrick Johann Butenandt Melvin Calvin Thomas Robert Cech Hans von Euler-Chelpin John Warcup Cornforth Donald J. Cram Marie Curie Elias James Corey Petrus (Peter) Josephus Wilhelmus Debye Paul J. Crutzen Robert F. Curl, Jr. Johann Deisenhofer Otto Diels ... Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Jacobus Henricus van't Hoff Roald Hoffman Robert Huber Jean Frederic Joliot Irene Joliot-Curie ... Back To Main Page

17. Biographies: Winners Of The Nobel Prize In Chemistry History of Science History of Chemistry Winners of the nobel Prize in Giauque,William Francis; gilbert, walter; Grignard, Victor; Haber, Fritz; Hahn, Otto; http://www.infochembio.ethz.ch/links/en/history_chem_nobel_bio.html

Deutsch Links Libraries Publishers Database producers Database hosts ... Organisations Search this website: Website Index Subject Index Impressum Chemistry, Biology and related disciplines in the WWW Biographies: Winners of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry Home Links History of Science History of Chemistry ... Zsigmondy, Richard Adolf

18. ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF NOBEL PRIZE LAUREATES IN CHEMISTRY ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF nobel PRIZE LAUREATES IN CHEMISTRY. Name, Year Awarded.Alder, Kurt, 1950. Giauque, William Francis, 1949. gilbert, walter, 1980. http://www.bioscience.org/urllists/nobelc.htm

19. Premios Nobel De Química Premios nobel de Química. Año, Tema, Ganador. 1978, Mitchell, Peter D. 1979, Brown,Herbert C.; Wittig, Georg. 1980, Berg, Paul; gilbert, walter; Sanger, Frederick. http://fai.unne.edu.ar/biologia/nobeles/nobelq~1.htm

Tema Ganador Hoff, Jacobus Henricus Van't Fischer, Hermann Emil Arrhenius, Svante August Ramsay, Sir William Baeyer, Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Von Moissan, Henri Buchner, Eduard Rutherford, Lord Ernest Ostwald, Wilhelm Wallach, Otto Curie, Marie Grignard, Victor; Sabatier, Paul Werner, Alfred Richards, Theodore William Willstatter, Richard Martin Haber, Fritz Nernst, Walther Hermann Soddy, Frederick Aston, Francis William Pregl, Fritz Zsigmondy, Richard Adolf Svedberg, The Wieland, Heinrich Otto Windaus, Adolf Otto Reinhold Euler-chelpin, Hans Karl August Von; Harden, Sir Arthur Fischer, Hans Bergius, Friedrich; Bosch, Carl Langmuir, Irving Urey, Harold Clayton Joliot, Frederic; Joliot-Curie, Irene Debye, Petrus Josephus Wilhelmus Haworth, Sir Walter Norman; Karrer, Paul Kuhn, Richard Butenandt, Adolf Friedrich Johann; Ruzicka, Leopold De Hevesy, George Hahn, Otto Virtanen, Artturi Ilmari Northrop, John Howard; Stanley, Wendell Meredith; Sumner, James Batcheller Robinson, Sir Robert

20. Walter Gilbert - Wikipedia American physicist, biochemist, entrepreneur, and molecular biology pioneer WalterGilbert (1932 ) was He was awarded the 1980 nobel Prize in chemistry with http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Gilbert

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