21. Laureatii Premiilor Nobel Americii. 1967, Ragnar Arthur Granit haldan keffer hartline GeorgeWald, Suedia Statele Unite ale Americii Statele Unite ale Americii. http://www.rotravel.com/medicine/nobel/r_laur.htm

ANUL NUMELE LAUREATULUI ÞARA Emil Adolf von Behring Germania Sir Ronald Ross Marea Britanie Niels Ryberg Finsen Danemarca Ivan Petrovici Pavlov Rusia Robert Koch Germania Camillo Golgi Santiago Ramon y Cajal Italia Spania Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran Franþa Paul Ehrlich Ilia Ilici Mecinikov Germania Rusia Emil Theodor Kocher Elveþia Albrecht Kossel Germania Allvar Gulistrand Suedia Alexis Carrel Statele Unite ale Americii Charles Robert Richet Franþa Robert Báráni Ungaria - Austria neacordat neacordat neacordat neacordat Jules Jean Baptiste Vincent Bordet Belgia Schack August Steenberg Krogh Danemarca neacordat Sir Archibald Vician Hill Otto Fritz Meyerhof Marea Britanie Germania Sir Frederick Grant Banting John James Richard MacLeod Canada Canada Willem Einthaven Olanda neacordat Johannes Andreas Grib Fibinger Danemarca Julius Wagner - Jauregg Austria Charles Jules Henri Nicolle Franþa Christiaen Eijkman Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins Olanda Marea Britanie Karl Landsteiner Austria Otto Heinrich Warburg Germania Sir Charles Scott Sherrington Lord Edgar Douglas Adrian Marea Britanie Marea Britanie Thomas Hunt Morgan Statele Unite ale Americii George Hoyt Whipple George Richards Minot

22. The Laureates Of The Nobel Prize For Medicine And Physiology America. 1967, Ragnar Arthur Granit haldan keffer hartline George Wald,Sweden United States of America United States of America. 1968, http://www.rotravel.com/medicine/nobel/e_laur.htm

YEAR LAUREATE'S NAME COUNTRY Emil Adolf von Behring Germany Sir Ronald Ross Great Britain Niels Ryberg Finsen Denmark Ivan Petrovici Pavlov Russia Robert Koch Germany Camillo Golgi Santiago Ramon y Cajal Italy Spain Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran France Paul Ehrlich Ilia Ilici Mecinikov Germany Russia Emil Theodor Kocher Switzerland Albrecht Kossel Germany Allvar Gulistrand Sweden Alexis Carrel United States of America Charles Robert Richet France Robert Báráni Hungary - Austria no prize awarded no prize awarded no prize awarded no prize awarded Jules Jean Baptiste Vincent Bordet Belgium Schack August Steenberg Krogh Denmark no prize awarded Sir Archibald Vician Hill Otto Fritz Meyerhof Great Britain Germany Sir Frederick Grant Banting John James Richard MacLeod Canada Canada Willem Einthaven Holland no prize awarded Johannes Andreas Grib Fibinger Denmark Julius Wagner - Jauregg Austria Charles Jules Henri Nicolle France Christiaen Eijkman Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins Holland Great Britain Karl Landsteiner Austria Otto Heinrich Warburg Germany Sir Charles Scott Sherrington Lord Edgar Douglas Adrian Great Britain Great Britain Thomas Hunt Morgan

23. Archives Reference Files (G-J) of Chemistry Hart, Edward a biography by George Hart, 1980 Hart, Edward - FellowshipFund hartline, haldan keffer, Class of 1923, nobel Prize Winner (See http://ww2.lafayette.edu/~library/special/refg_i.html

Archives Reference Files (G-J) A-C D-F K-L M-P ... Q-Z Jeffries, Leonard, Jr., Class of 1959 Jenks Hall, 1865 Jenks Hall – Cornerstone Laying, 1865 Johnstone Scholarship, Robert S., Class of 1946 Johnstone Scholarship, Robert S., Class of 1946/Robert Nishiyama, 1st Recipient, Class of 1952 Jones Faculty Lecture Awards Jones, Thomas Roy and Lura Forrest, Visiting Lecturers, 1979-81: Banesh Hoffman; Edward Albee; Harrison Salisbury; Martin Agronsky; Susan Sontag; John Barth Junior Browse, 1916 Junior Orator Contest - programs, flyers folder 1, 1839-1913 Junior Orator Contest - programs folder 2 Junkin, Elinor, 1965 Junkin, George, President (1st President of Lafayette College) Junkin, Julia, letters of (daughter of the President) Junkin (Margaret Junkin Preston) Junkin Memorial Tablet - Dedication to the First President at Lafayette, 1887 College Archives Home Special Collections Home Lafayette College Libraries, Easton, PA Updated August 9, 2002

24. Archives Files (m-p) Music Night Letter, 1980, for Evening Students Nishiyama, Robert See JohnstoneScholarship nobel Prize Winners - See hartline, haldan keffer, Class of 1923 http://ww2.lafayette.edu/~library/special/refm_p.html

Archives Reference Files (M-P) A-C D-F G-J K-L ... Special Collections Home Lafayette College Libraries, Easton, PA Updated August 21, 1995

25. Ragnar Granit - By Yrsa Neuman/Gunnar Damström At the same time British physiologist haldan keffer hartline conducted researchat the of 1932 Sherrington and Edgar Douglas Adrian shared the nobel Price in http://sfhs.eget.net/Q_artiklar/Q_Granit.html

Ragnar Granit by Yrsa Neuman At the University of Philadelphia Ragnar Granit had large research facilities at his disposal and received generous grants for acquisition of research equipment. At the same time British physiologist Haldan Keffer Hartline conducted research at the University of Philadelphia. In Pennsylvania Granit had the opportunity to experimantally test his theory on the nervous layer of the retina and its importance for seeing. Ragnar Granit returned to Helsinki in 1934, and was shocked and saddened by the persecution of the Swedish language by the fennomans at the University of Helsinki. In his book he describes the hooligans hollering in the University aula and tarring Swedish language wall signs. Granit wished to research whether the retina had separate receptors for the different components of solar light, in other words about the way the eye sees color. Granit reached conclusions similar to those of the classics of color vision theory the early English physicist Thomas Young and the German physicist and physiologist Hermann von Helmholz : that the retina has three color sensitive layers. It turned out that the eye entails a kind of nerve center that prepares the information for the brain and for the actual way there. At the Carolinian Institute Granit focused his research on how the spinal marrow and the brain exert muscular control. He retired in 1967, the same year he shared the Nobel Price with Hartline and George Wald for his discoveries concerning the physiological and chemical foundations of vision. He passed away in 1991.

26. Premio Nobel De Medicina - Wikipedia Translate this page Ver enlace http//www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/index.html. Har Gobind Khorana,Marshall W. Nirenberg 1967 Ragnar Granit, haldan keffer hartline, George Wald http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premio_Nobel/Medicina

Portada Cambios Recientes Edita esta página Historia Páginas especiales Preferencias de usuario Mi lista de seguimiento Cambio Recientes Subir una imagen Lista de imágenes Usuarios registrados Estadísticas del sitio Artículo aleatorio Artículos huérfanos Imágenes huérfanas Artículos populares Artículos más solicitados Artículos cortos Artículos largos Artículos nuevos Todas las páginas (alfabético) Direcciones IP bloqueadas Página de mantención Fuentes externas de libros Versión para imprimir Discusión Registrase/Entrar Ayuda Premio Nobel de Medicina (Redirigido desde Premio Nobel/Medicina Ver enlace: http://www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/index.html Leland H. Hartwell R. Timothy Hunt Paul M. Nurse ... Harold E. Varmus Sir James W. Black Gertrude B. Elion George H. Hitchings Susumu Tonegawa ... Barbara McClintock for transposon work. Sune K. Bergström Bengt I. Samuelsson John R. Vane Roger W. Sperry ... Earl W. Sutherland, Jr. Sir Bernard Katz Ulf von Euler Julius Axelrod Max Delbrück ... Feodor Lynen Sir John Carew Eccles Alan Lloyd Hodgkin Andrew Fielding Huxley Francis Harry Compton Crick ... Georg von Békésy Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet Peter Brian Medawar Severo Ochoa Arthur Kornberg ... Dickinson W. Richards

27. Nobel For Medicine: All Laureates Gobind Khorana, Marshall W. Nirenberg 1967 Ragnar Granit, haldan keffer hartline,George Wald The nobel Prize A History of Genius, Controversy and Prestige http://www.popular-science.net/nobel/med-list.html

NOBEL Read More on the Nobel Prize: Nobel Minds 2001 Awards John Nash Women Nobel Prize ... Prize Amounts MINI ALMANAC Calendar Moon phase Popular Science Highlights: IG Nobel 2002 The invention of :-) West Nile Virus Asteroid Impact? ... Book: Russell Read also: Nobel Prize Women in Science : Their Lives, Struggles, and Momentous Discoveries by Sharon Bertsch McGrayne THE NOBEL PRIZE FOR MEDICINE: ALL WINNERS 2001 Leland H. Hartwell, R. Timothy Hunt, Paul M. Nurse 2000 Arvid Carlsson, Paul Greengard, Eric R. Kandel 1999 Günter Blobel 1998 Robert F. Furchgott, Louis J. Ignarro, Ferid Murad 1997 Stanley B. Prusiner 1996 Peter C. Doherty, Rolf M. Zinkernagel 1995 Edward B. Lewis, Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard, Eric F. Wieschaus 1994 Alfred G. Gilman, Martin Rodbell 1993 Richard J. Roberts, Phillip A. Sharp 1992 Edmond H. Fischer, Edwin G. Krebs

28. Vision In Limulus haldan keffer hartline. of the scientists who took advantage of this remarkable animalwas H. keffer hartline. of lateral inhibition and won him the nobel Prize http://www.mbl.edu/animals/Limulus/vision/hartline.html

Haldan Keffer Hartline One of the scientists who took advantage of this remarkable animal was H. Keffer Hartline. He was able to isolate and study the activity of single nerve fibers as they relayed signals from single ommatidia to the brain in Limulus. In 1932 he published a paper titled "Nerve Impulses from Single Receptors in the Eye" describing this work. It was his work in clarifying how ommatidia interact with each other, however, that led to understanding the mechanisms of lateral inhibition and won him the Nobel Prize. Web sites which feature lateral inhibition http://www.exploratorium.edu/xref/phenomena/lateral_inhibition.html http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/bb/latinhib.html Lateral inhibition is a process that animals, including humans, use to better distinguish borders. When you look at the ocean horizon the ocean appears darker at the horizon, at the boundary between sea and sky. This apparent difference in light intensity is not actually there but is created by our visual receptors and is known as lateral inhibition. This process increases contrast and results in a sharpening of vision. In fact, computers sharpen images by almost the same process process. (the illustration below illustrates both lateral inhibition and a sharpening filter from a graphics program.) What this means is that the signals coming from the outside are actually altered before being sent to the brain so that what we see isn't necessarily there. The way this works is as follows. Impulses originate in the eccentric cell when the cell is stimulated by light . This signal is transmitted through the axon then to the optic nerve to the brain.

29. 20th Century Year By Year 1967 nobel Prizes. to GRANIT, RAGNAR, Sweden, The Karolinska Institute, Stockholm,b. 1900 (in Helsinki, Finland), d. 1991; hartline, haldan keffer, USA, The http://www.multied.com/20th/1967.html

Major Event/ Sports Nobel Prizes Pulitzer Prizes ... Popular Book s / Popular Television Shows Popular Music/ Major Events of 1967 Military Coup in Greece Six Day War Johnson meets Kosygin Che Guevera Killed ... Heart Care improves Sports NBA: Philadelphia 76ers vs. San Francisco Warriors Series: 4-2 NCAA Football: USC Record: 10-1-0 Heisman Trophy: Gary Beban, ucla, QB points: 1,968 Stanley Cup: Toronto Maple Leafs vs. Montreal Canadiens Series: 4-2 Super Bowl I: Green Bay Packers vs. Kansas City Chiefs Score: 35-10 US Open Golf: Jack Nicklaus Score: 275 Course: Baltusrol GC Location: Springfield, NJ World Series: St. Louis Cardinals vs. Boston Red Sox Series: 4-3 Top Music of 1967 1."Kind of a Drag" ... The Buckinghams 2."Ruby Tuesday" ... The Rolling Stones 3."Love Is Here and Now You're Gone" ... The Supremes 4."Penny Lane" ... The Beatles 5."Happy Together" ... The Turtles 6."Somethin' Stupid" ... Nancy Sinatra & Frank Sinatra 7."The Happening" ... The Supremes

30. Ëàóðåàòû Íîáåëåâñêèõ ïðåìèé ïî ôèçèîëîãèè � Alphabetical listing of nobel prize laureates in Physiology and Medicine.Name. Year Awarded. Gullstrand, Allvar, 1911. hartline, haldan keffer, 1967. http://orel.rsl.ru/archiv/nob_med.htm

PHYSIOLOGY AND MEDICINE Alphabetical listing of Nobel prize laureates in Physiology and Medicine Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine Winners 1997-1901 Alphabetical listing of Nobel prize laureates in Physiology and Medicine Name Year Awarded Adrian, Lord Edgar Douglas Arber, Werner Axelrod, Julius Baltimore, David Banting, Sir Frederick Grant Barany, Robert Beadle, George Wells Behring, Emil Adolf Von Bekesy, Georg Von Benacerraf, Baruj Bergstroem, Sune K. Bishop, J. Michael Black, Sir James W. Bloch, Konrad Blumberg, Baruch S. Bordet, Jules Bovet, Daniel Brown, Michael S. Burnet, Sir Frank Macfarlane Cajal, Santiago Ramon Y Carrel, Alexis Chain, Sir Ernst Boris Claude, Albert Clintock, Barbara Mc Cohen, Stanley Cori, Carl Ferdinand Cori, Gerty Theresa Cormack, Alan M. Cournand, Andre Frederic Crick, Francis Harry Compton Dale, Sir Henry Hallett Dam, Henrik Carl Peter Dausset, Jean De Duve, Christian Delbruck, Max Doherty, Peter C.

31. Nobel Laureates At The University Of Pennsylvania nobel Laureates at the University of Pennsylvania. Awarded annually since 1901 bythe nobel Foundation, Stolkholm. haldan keffer hartline, 1903 Medicine, 1967. http://www.cda.ics.saitama-u.ac.jp/~maekawa/staying/uslife/nobel.htm

Nobel Laureates at the University of Pennsylvania Awarded annually since 1901 by the Nobel Foundation , Stolkholm. Otto F. Meyerhof, 1884 - 1951 Medicine, 1922 (awarded in 1923) University of Heidelberg, 1909; Award shared with Archibald V. Hill, (England). Awarded for correlation between consumption of oxygen and production of lactic acid in muscles; Hill: for discovery relating to heat-production in muscles Research Professor in Physiological Chemistry, 1940-1951 Robert Hofstadter, 1915 - Physics, 1961 Research Fellow, 1939-1940; Physics Instructor, 1940-1941 Ragnar Granit, 1900 - Medicine, 1967 with George Wald and Haldan K. Hartline; Awarded for work on the human eye Research Fellow, 1929-1931; Honorary Degree: Sc.D. 1971 Haldan Keffer Hartline, 1903 - Medicine, 1967 with George Wald and Ragnar Granit; Awarded for work on human eye Research Fellow in Biophysics, 1931-1936; Asst Prof, 1936-1942; Assoc Prof, 1943-1948; Professor, 1948-1949; Honorary Degree: Sc.D. 1971 Simon Smith Kuznets, 1901 - 1985 Economics, 1971

32. Prix Nobel De Physiologie Ou Médecine - Wikipedia Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. Les prix nobel de physiologieet médecine. 1967 Ragnar Granit, haldan keffer hartline, George Wald. http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_Physiologie_ou_Médecine

Accueil Modifications récentes Modifier cette page Historique Pages spéciales Préférences Liste de suivi Modifications récentes Copier un fichier Liste des images Liste des participants Statistiques Une page au hasard Pages orphelines Images orphelines Les plus populaires Les plus demandées Articles courts Articles longs Nouvelles pages Toutes les pages Adresses IP bloquées Page de Maintenance Librairies en ligne Version imprimable Discuter Identification Aide Autres langues: Deutsch Dansk Español English ... Nederlands Prix Nobel de Physiologie ou Médecine Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. Les prix nobel de physiologie et médecine Emil Adolf von Behring Ronald Ross Niels Ryberg Finsen Ivan Petrovich Pavlov ... Christiaan Eijkman , Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins Karl Landsteiner Otto Heinrich Warburg Sir Charles Scott Sherrington Edgar Douglas Adrian Thomas Hunt Morgan George Hoyt Whipple ... Hans Spemann Sir Henry Hallett Dale Otto Loewi Albert von Szent-Györgyi Nagyrapolt Corneille Jean François Heymans ... Herbert Spencer Gasser Sir Alexander Fleming Ernst Boris Chain , Sir Howard Walter Florey Hermann Joseph Muller Carl Ferdinand Cori Gerty Theresa , née Radnitz Cori, Bernardo Alberto Houssay Paul Hermann Müller Walter Rudolf Hess Antonio Caetano De Abreu Freire Egas Moniz ... Dickinson W. Richards

33. Ragnar Granit, Suomalainen Tiedenobelisti tai lääketiede (palkittuina myös haldan keffer hartline ja George Wald 1945 perustettiinTukholmaan Lääketieteellisen nobelInstituutin Neurofysiologinen http://www.tut.fi/~malmivuo/granit/granitsu.htm

Ragnar Granit suomalainen tiedenobelisti ja bioelektromagnetismin pioneeri Jaakko Malmivuo Ragnar Granit, Finnish-born Nobel Prize winner Ragnar Granit Home Suomalaiset tiedenobelistit Lapsuus ja nuoruus Opiskelu Ulkomaanmatkoja ... Kirjallisuutta SUOMALAISET NOBELISTIT Jos tavalliselta suomalaiselta kysytään kuinka monta Nobelpalkintoa suomalaiset, ja erityisesti suomalaiset tiedemiehet ovat saaneet, vastaus on mitä todennäköisemmin: Suomalaisia nobelisteja on kaksi, Frans Emil Sillanpää ja Artturi I. Virtanen ja tiedenobelisteja siis vain yksi. Tosiasia kuitenkin on, että nobelisteja onkin kolme, joista tiedenobelisteja kaksi, toisen ollessa Ragnar Arthur Granit. On yllättävää, että suomalaiset ovat lähes tyystin unohtaneet Ragnar Granitin ja suomalainen tiedeyhteisö pahoittelee sitä, että suomalaisia tiedenobelisteja on vain yksi. Suomalaiset Nobelpalkinnon saajat ovat siis: Frans Emil Sillanpää kirjallisuus "for his deep understanding of his country's peasantry and the exquisite art with which he has portrayed their way of life and their relationship with nature" Artturi I. Virtanen

34. Ir Al Home Page Home Page Translate this page Premios nobel de Fisiología y Medicina Año, Premiado, Pais, Campo de Estudio. 1967,haldan keffer hartline George Wald Ragnar A. Granit, Estados Unidos. http://www.neuroc.sld.cu/nobel.htm

@import url(maintext.css); Home Page Premios Nobel de Fisiología y Medicin a Año Premiado Pais Campo de Estudio Emil von Behring Alemania Investigaciones en sueroterapia. Sir Ronald Ross Reino Unido Descubrimiento de la forma de transmisión del paludismo. Niels R. Finsen Dinamarca Tratamiento de las enfermedades de la piel con radiación luminosa. Iván Pávlov Rusia Investigaciones sobre fisiología de la digestión. Robert Koch Alemania Investigación de la tuberculosis. Camillo Golgi S. Ramón y Cajal Italia España Trabajos sobre la estructura del sistema nervioso. Alphonse Laveran Francia Investigación de las enfermedades protozoarias. Paul Ehrlich Elie Méchnikov Alemania Rusia Trabajos sobre inmunidad. Emil Kocher Suiza Fisiología, patología y cirugía de la glándula tiroides. Albrecht Kossel Alemania Investigaciones en química celular. Allvar Gullstrand Suecia Estudio de la dióptrica del ojo. Alexis Carrel Francia Investigaciones sobre suturas vasculares; trasplante de órganos. Charles Richet Francia Estudios sobre anafilaxia.

35. The 125th Anniversary Of The Johns Hopkins University haldan keffer hartline, MD 1927; Professor of Biophysics, 194954, Medicine,1967. of Boston, Mass., was the winner of the nobel Peace Prize in 1985. http://www.jhu.edu/125th/links/nobel.html

Nobel Prize Winners with Johns Hopkins Affiliations Name Affiliation Category Year Woodrow Wilson Ph.D. 1886 (History) Peace James Franck Professor of Physics, 1935-38 Physics Nicholas Murray Butler Lecturer, 1890-91 Peace Thomas Hunt Morgan Ph.D. 1890 (Zoology); LL.D. 1915 Medicine George Richards Minot Assistant in Medicine, 1914-15 Medicine George Hoyt Whipple M.D. 1905; Associate Professor in Pathology, 1910-14 Medicine Harold Clayton Urey Associate in Chemistry, 1924-28 Chemistry Joseph Erlanger M.D. 1899; Assistant in Physiology, 1900-01; Instructor, 1901-03; Associate, 1903-04; Associate Professor, 1904-06; LL.D. 1947 Medicine Herbert Spencer Gasser M.D. 1915 Physiology Vincent du Vigneaud National Research Fellow, Pharmacology 1927-28 Chemistry Maria Goeppert-Mayer Assistant in Physics, 1930-32; Associate, 1932-36 Physics Francis Peyton Rous A.B. 1900; M.D. 1905 Medicine Haldan Keffer Hartline M.D. 1927; Professor of Biophysics, 1949-54 Medicine Lars Onsager Associate in Chemistry, 1927-28 Chemistry Simon Kuznets Professor of Political Economy, 1954-60 Economics Christian B. Anfinsen

36. @P.Medicina: Nobel Premiados , Última Actualización 25/11/99. Premiados con el nobel de Fisiología o Medicina. NoHubo Premiado. 1967. Ragnar Granit haldan keffer hartline George Wald. 1918. http://www.iespana.es/apmedicina/Nobel/Nobel2/nobel2.html

Número de Archivos: Mapa Novedades Tu opinión Libro de Visitas Foro Lista de Correo Buscar Becas Buscar Farmacias Buscadores Médicos Hora Internet Última Actualización: Premiados con el Nobel de Fisiología o Medicina Emil Adolf von Behring Max Theiler Sir Ronald Ross Selman Abraham Waksman ... Philip Showalter Hench Webmaster

37. @P.Medicina: Premios Nobel: 1965 A 1967 Translate this page haldan keffer hartline USA The Rockefeller University New York, NY,USA (1903 -1983). George Wald USA Harvard University Cambridge, MA, USA (1906 - 1997). http://www.iespana.es/apmedicina/Nobel/Nobel2/1965_a_1967/1965_a_1967.html

Número de Archivos: Mapa Novedades Tu opinión Libro de Visitas Foro Lista de Correo Buscar Becas Buscar Farmacias Buscadores Médicos Hora Internet Última Actualización: François Jacob Francia Instituto Pasteur París, Francia André Lwoff Francia Instituto Pasteur París, Francia Jacques Monod Francia Instituto Pasteur París, Francia Peyton Rous USA Rockefeller University New York, NY, USA Charles Brenton Huggins USA Ben May Laboratory for Cancer Research University of Chicago Chicago, IL, USA Ragnar Granit Suecia Instituto de Karolinska Stockholm, Suecia Haldan Keffer Hartline USA The Rockefeller University New York, NY,USA George Wald USA Harvard University Cambridge, MA, USA Indice de Premiados 1962 a 1964 1968 a 1970 Webmaster

38. The Nobel Prize W. Nirenberg) 1967 ? (Ragnar Granit), (haldan keffer hartline), (George Wald) 1966 ? http://home.megapass.co.kr/~jayleen/medicine/medi-index.htm

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39. The Nobel Prize Winners of the nobel Prize in Medicine 1901 Emil A. von Behring 1967 Ragnar Granit(19001991) Swedish haldan keffer hartline (1903-1983) American George Wald http://www.tallpoppies.net.au/florey/explorer/nobel/main-content.html

History of the Prize The Nobel Prize Alfred Nobel was a Swedish chemist. He invented dynamite and became very rich. He gave more than 9 million dollars of his fortune to set up the Nobel prizes. Each year money from this fund goes to those who have most helped humanity. The Nobel Committee gives prizes for important work in physics, chemistry, medicine, literature, peace, and economics. Prize winners receive a cash prize (currently $1 million), a gold medal (above) and a certificate (below). Winners of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1901 Emil A. von Behring (1854-1917) German For his work on serum therapy, especially its application against diphtheria, by which he has opened a new road in the domain of medical science and thereby placed in the hands of the physician a victorious weapon against illness and death. 1902 Sir Ronald Ross (1857-1932) British For his work on malaria, by which he has shown how it enters the organism and thereby has laid the foundation for successful research on this disease and how to combat it. 1903 Niels Ryberg Finsen (1860-1904) Danish In recognition of his contribution to the treatment of diseases, especially

40. What Is The Nobel Prize? Winners of the nobel Prize in Medicine Source Brown 1901 Emil A 1967 RagnarGranit (19001991) Swedish haldan keffer hartline (1903-1983) American George http://www.tallpoppies.net.au/florey/researcher/nobel/main-content.html

History of the Prize [ What is the Nobel Prize? ] [ The Development of Dynamite] [ The Nobel Prize and Winners ] [ Nobel Prize in Medicine ] What is the Nobel Prize? Source: Nobel Alfred Nobel was a Swedish chemist. He invented dynamite and became very wealthy. When he died he left more than nine million dollars of his fortune to set up the Nobel prizes. According to his will, of 1895, the income from this fund was to be allotted each year in five equal parts as prizes to those who had most helped humanity. The interest from the money provides annual prizes for the greatest services to humanity in science and literature, and for the most effective work to promote friendship between nations (the Peace Prize). The Nobel prizes were first awarded on 10 December 1901, the fifth anniversary of Nobel's death. The Development of Dynamite Nobel experimented a lot with nitroglycerine by itself and mixed with gunpowder. He patented detonating charges and percussion caps in 1864. He used these as a primary charge to trigger an explosion. Nobel later used a special clay from northern Germany to stabilise the nitroglycerine. When tested with a percussion cap, the preparation exploded evenly although with less power than nitroglycerine alone. He called this mixture of nitroglycerine and clay "dynamite". Nobel developed other explosive substances. Blasting gelatine, another powerful explosive, was a solution of gun cotton in nitroglycerine. Guncotton is a preparation of nitric acid and cellulose invented by Christian Schonbein in Germany in 1845. This evolved into modern dynamite which is a mixture of nitroglycerine and guncotton, with some additional ingredients.

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