41. Géniesenherbe.org - Prix Nobel De Physiologie Et Médecine Translate this page de physiologie et médecine est attribué par l'Assemblée nobel de l Grande-Bretagne),Gertrude B. Elion (États-Unis) et george H. hitchings (États-Unis). http://www.geniesenherbe.org/theorie/prix/nobmed.html

Lauréats du prix Nobel de physiologie et médecine Le prix Nobel de physiologie et médecine est attribué par l' Assemblée Nobel de l'Institut Karolinska , à Stockholm. Année Récipiendaire Emil Adolf von Berhing (Allemagne) sir Ronald Ross (Grande-Bretagne) Niels Ryberg Finsen (Danemark) Ivan Petrovitch Pavlov (Russie) Robert Koch (Allemagne) Camilio Golgi (Italie) et Santiago Ramon y Cajal (Espagne) Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran (France) Paul Ehrlich (Allemagne) et Elie Metchnikov (Russie) Theodor Emil Kocher (Suisse) Albericht Kossel (Allemagne) Alivar Gullstrand (Suède) Alexis Carrel (France) Charles Robert Richet (France) Robert Bárány (Autriche-Hongrie) NON ATTRIBUÉ NON ATTRIBUÉ NON ATTRIBUÉ NON ATTRIBUÉ Jules Bordet (Belgique) Schack August Steenberg Kroch (Danemark) NON ATTRIBUÉ sir Archibald Vivian Hill (Grande-Bretagne) et Otto F. Meyerhof (Allemagne) sir Frederic Grant Banting (Canada) et John James Richard Macleod (Canada) Willem Einthoven (Pays-Bas) NON ATTRIBUÉ Johannes Anreas Grib Fibiger (Danemark) Julius Wagner von Jauregg (Autriche) Charles Jules Henri Nicolle (France), pour ses travaux sur le typhus.

42. TUBITAK-GMBAE: 1950-1999 Nobel Odulleri Listesi arasinda fizik, kimya, ekonomi, fizyoloji ve tip alanlarinda nobel ödülü alan JamesW. Black; Gertrude B. Elion; george H. hitchings george H. hitchings. http://www.rigeb.gov.tr/docs/nobel-50_99.html

1950-1999 Yýllarý arasýnda fizik, kimya, ekonomi, fizyoloji ve týp alanlarýnda Nobel ödülü alan bilimadamlarý ve çalýþmalarý Yýl Çalýþma Ödül Sahibi Physics The development of the photographic method of studying nuclear processes and the discoveries regarding mesons made with this method. Cecil Frank Powell The pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles. "Sir John Douglas Cockcroft; Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton" The development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith. "Felix Bloch; Edward Mills Purcell" Demonstration of the phase contrast method, especially for his invention of the phase contract microscope. Frits (Frederik) Zernike "Fundamental research in quantum mechanics, especially for the statistical interpretation of the wavefunction; and for the coincidence method and the discoveries made therewith." "Max Born; Walther Bothe" "Discoveries concerning the fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum; and precision determination of the magnetic moment of the electron." "Willis Eugene Lamb; Polykarp Kusch"

43. Nobel Prize For Medicine nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine. For years not listed, no award was made.1901. 1988. Gertrude B. Elion, george H. hitchings (both US), and Sir James http://homepages.shu.ac.uk/~acsdry/quizes/medicine.htm

Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine For years not listed, no award was made. Emil A. von Behring (Germany), for work on serum therapy against diphtheria Sir Ronald Ross (U.K.), for work on malaria Niels R. Finsen (Denmark), for his treatment of lupus vulgaris with concentrated light rays Ivan P. Pavlov (U.S.S.R.), for work on the physiology of digestion Robert Koch (Germany), for work on tuberculosis Charles L. A. Laveran (France), for work with protozoa in the generation of disease Paul Ehrlich (Germany) and Elie Metchnikoff (U.S.S.R.), for work on immunity Theodor Kocher (Switzerland), for work on the thyroid gland Albrecht Kossel (Germany), for achievements in the chemistry of the cell Allvar Gullstrand (Sweden), for work on the dioptrics of the eye Alexis Carrel (France), for work on vascular ligature and grafting of blood vessels and organs Charles Richet (France), for work on anaphylaxy Jules Bordet (Belgium), for discoveries in connection with immunity August Krogh (Denmark), for discovery of regulation of capillaries' motor mechanism In1923, the1922 prize was shared by Archibald V. Hill (U.K.), for discovery relating to heat-production in muscles; and Otto Meyerhof (Germany), for correlation between consumption of oxygen and production of lactic acid in muscles

44. Ir Al Home Page Home Page Translate this page Premios nobel de Fisiología y Medicina Año, Premiado, Pais, Campo de Estudio. 1988,James W. Black Gertrude B. Elion george H. hitchings, http://www.neuroc.sld.cu/nobel.htm

@import url(maintext.css); Home Page Premios Nobel de Fisiología y Medicin a Año Premiado Pais Campo de Estudio Emil von Behring Alemania Investigaciones en sueroterapia. Sir Ronald Ross Reino Unido Descubrimiento de la forma de transmisión del paludismo. Niels R. Finsen Dinamarca Tratamiento de las enfermedades de la piel con radiación luminosa. Iván Pávlov Rusia Investigaciones sobre fisiología de la digestión. Robert Koch Alemania Investigación de la tuberculosis. Camillo Golgi S. Ramón y Cajal Italia España Trabajos sobre la estructura del sistema nervioso. Alphonse Laveran Francia Investigación de las enfermedades protozoarias. Paul Ehrlich Elie Méchnikov Alemania Rusia Trabajos sobre inmunidad. Emil Kocher Suiza Fisiología, patología y cirugía de la glándula tiroides. Albrecht Kossel Alemania Investigaciones en química celular. Allvar Gullstrand Suecia Estudio de la dióptrica del ojo. Alexis Carrel Francia Investigaciones sobre suturas vasculares; trasplante de órganos. Charles Richet Francia Estudios sobre anafilaxia.

45. Complete Health Care And Medical Information From India in Stockholm and Oslo on 10th December (it is the anniversary of Alfred nobel'sdeath). 1988, Sir James W. Black , Gertrude B. Elion and george H. hitchings. http://www.medivisionindia.com/nobelprize/index.phtml

Home Doctor's Den 2B Docs Children ... Ask Medivision We subscribe to the HONcode principles of the Health On the Net Foundation Site Updated on Saturday 19 April, 2003 Nobel Prize (1901-1999) Introduction Alfred Bernhard Nobel (1833-1896) Swedish chemist and industrialist. He elaborated the method of production of dynamite (1866) and other explosive materials. He is a founder of Nobel Prize. Nobel Prize It is the Swedish- Norwegian foundation ( which is situated in Stockholm). It was founded in 1900 year like a fulfillment of the wish of Alfred Nobel's testament. All income of this foundation is devoted to grant of equal-value international prize. They are awarded every year in five domains: in the realms of physics and chemistry the prizes are granted by Royal Swedish Academy of Science in the realm of medicine the prize is granted by Royal Swedish Institute of Medicine and Surgery. in the realm of literature the prize is granted by Swedish Academy of Literature in the realm of economy the prize is granted by Swedish Bank - for activity for the world-wide peace is granted by Norwegian Nobel's Committee (attached to Norwegian Parliament. These awards are granted in Stockholm and Oslo on 10th December (it is the anniversary of Alfred Nobel's death).

46. CNN.com 1989 J. Michael Bishop, Harold E. Varmus. 1988 Sir James W. Black,Gertrude B. Elion, george H. hitchings. 1987 Susumu Tonegawa. 1986 http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2001/nobel.100/medicine.html

HOME OVERVIEW PROFILE: ANNAN PURSUIT OF PEACE ... RESOURCES Medicine 2001 Leland H. Hartwell, R. Timothy Hunt, Paul M. Nurse 2000 Arvid Carlsson, Paul Greengard, Eric R. Kandel 1998 Robert F. Furchgott, Louis J. Ignarro, Ferid Murad 1997 Stanley B. Prusiner 1996 Peter C. Doherty, Rolf M. Zinkernagel 1994 Alfred G. Gilman, Martin Rodbell 1993 Richard J. Roberts, Phillip A. Sharp 1992 Edmond H. Fischer, Edwin G. Krebs 1991 Erwin Neher, Bert Sakmann 1990 Joseph E. Murray, E. Donnall Thomas 1989 J. Michael Bishop, Harold E. Varmus 1988 Sir James W. Black, Gertrude B. Elion, George H. Hitchings 1987 Susumu Tonegawa 1986 Stanley Cohen, Rita Levi-Montalcini 1985 Michael S. Brown, Joseph L. Goldstein 1983 Barbara McClintock 1981 Roger W. Sperry, David H. Hubel, Torsten N. Wiesel 1980 Baruj Benacerraf, Jean Dausset, George D. Snell 1979 Allan M. Cormack, Godfrey N. Hounsfield 1978 Werner Arber, Daniel Nathans, Hamilton O. Smith 1977 Roger Guillemin, Andrew V. Schally, Rosalyn Yalow 1976 Baruch S. Blumberg, D. Carleton Gajdusek 1975 David Baltimore, Renato Dulbecco, Howard Martin Temin

47. Essays On Winners Of The Nobel Prize: The 1988 nobel Prize in MedicineSir James W. Black, Gertrude B.Elion and george H. hitchings Ennoble Pharmaceutical Research. http://www.garfield.library.upenn.edu/prize/nobelwinners.html

Essays on Winners of the Nobel Prize: 'Of Nobel Class': Part 1. An Overview of ISI Studies on Highly Cited Authors and Nobel Laureates. Essays/Vol:15, #33, p.116, August 17, 1992. Eugene Garfield and Alfred Welljams-Dorof. "Of Nobel Class: A Citation Perspective on High Impact Research Authors" Theor. Med. 13(2): 117-35, June 1992. Essays/Vol:15, p.118, 1992 Eugene Garfield and Alfred Welljams-Dorof. "Of Nobel Class: A Citation Perspective on High Impact Research Authors (Part 2)" Theor. Med. 13(2): 117-35, June 1992. Essays/Vol:15, p.128, 1992. Theoretical Medicine's Special Issue on the Nobel Prizes and Their Effect on Science. Essays/Vol:15, #37, p.137, September 14, 1992. B.I.B. Lindahl, "Discovery, Theory Change, and the Nobel Prize: On the Mechanisms of Scientific Evolution. An Introduction." Theor. Med (whole issue) 13(2): 97-231, 1992. Essays/Vol:15, p.140, 1992-93 The 1991 Nobel Prize Winnersfrom Patch Clamps (Neher and Sakmann) to Spaghetti Theory (de Gennes), Social Costs (Coase), and NMR (Ernst)Were All Citation Superstars. Essays/Vol:15, #5, p.12, February 3, 1992.

48. 20th Century Year By Year 1988 nobel Prizes. ELION, GERTRUDE B., USA, Wellcome Research Laboratories, ResearchTriangle Park, NC, b. 1918, d. 1999; and hitchings, george H., USA, Wellcome http://www.multied.com/20th/1988.html

Major Event/ Sports Nobel Prizes Pulitzer Prizes ... Popular Book s / Popular Television Shows Popular Music/ Grammy Awards/ Tony Awards Major Events of 1988 Soviets pull out of Afghanastan Ten day seige of Golden Temple Longest undersea tunnel opens Iranian passenger jet shot down by the US ... Gorbachev announces unilateral troop cuts Sports NBA: Los Angeles Lakers vs. Detroit Pistons Series: 4-3 NCAA Football: Notre Dame Record: 12-0-0 Heisman Trophy: Barry Sanders, oklahoma state, RB points: 1,878 Stanley Cup: Edmunton Oilers vs. Boston Bruins Series: 4-0 Super Bowl XXII: Washington Red Skins vs. Denver Broncos Score: 42-10 US Open Golf: Curtis Strange Score: 278* Course: The Country Club Location: Brookline, MA (*Playoff with Nick Faldo) World Series: Los Angeles Dodgers vs. Oakland A's Series: 4-1 Popular Music 1."So Emotional" ... Whitney Houston 2."Got My Mind Set on You" ... George Harrison 3."The Way You Make Me Feel" ... Michael Jackson 4."Need You Tonight" ... INXS

49. George H. Hitchings: Awards Won By George H. Hitchings 123Awards hardwork is paid in form of awards. Awards of george H. hitchings.OTHERnobel, 1988, MEDICINE. Enter Artist/Album. Partner Sites. Stardose.com. http://www.123awards.com/artist/1358.asp

hardwork is paid in form of awards Awards of George H. Hitchings OTHER-NOBEL MEDICINE Enter Artist/Album Partner Sites Stardose.com RealLyrics.com OnlyHitLyrics.com Biography Search Engine ... privacy

50. Hitchings, George Herbert hitchings, george Herbert. hitchings spent most of his career at Burroughs WellcomeLaboratories (1942 In 1988 the pair shared the nobel Prize in Physiology or http://www.slider.com/enc/25000/Hitchings_George_Herbert.htm

mp3 players Home Encyclopeadia H Hic - Hir ... Rope Ladders Trellian WebPage Slider Search: The Web Encyclopaedia Shopping Index Help Encyclopaedia Hitchings, George Herbert 1905-, American pharmacologist, b. Hoquiam, Wash., Ph.D. Harvard Univ., 1933. Hitchings spent most of his career at Burroughs Wellcome Laboratories (1942-75), where he and fellow researcher Gertrude B. Elion developed drug treatments for leukemia, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, viral herpes, and urinary and respiratory tract infections. In 1988 the pair shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with British pharmacologist Sir James Black Add URL Advertise Contact Us ... Elion

51. DI CRSC Criticism Of The PBS "Evolution" Series: Counting Nobel Laureates For USAborn nobel winners in this sample, New York appears to be the dual citizenship)1987 No USA winners 1988 Gertrude B. Elion, george H. hitchings 1989 J http://www.antievolution.org/events/pbsevo/wre_nobel.html

Counting the Nobel laureates... Does it prove what the Discovery Institute says it does? by Wesley R. Elsberry In their viewer's guide pretentiously (and erroneously, as I will demonstrate below) titled, "Getting the Facts Straight", the Discovery Institute gives us this discussion: The narrator says that anti-evolution efforts following the Scopes trial "had a chilling effect on the teaching of evolution and the publishers of science textbooks. For decades, Darwin seemed to be locked out of America's public schools. But then evolution received an unexpected boost from a very unlikely source the Soviet Union." When the Soviets launched the first man-made satellite, Sputnik, in 1957, Americans were goaded into action. The narrator continues: "As long-neglected science programs were revived in America's classrooms, evolution was, too. Biblical literalists have been doing their best to discredit Darwin's theory ever since." This takes the distortion of history one giant step further. It is blatantly false that U.S. science education was "neglected" after the Scopes trial because Darwinism was "locked out of America's public schools." During those supposedly benighted decades, American schools produced more Nobel Prize-winners than the rest of the world put together. And in physiology and medicine the fields that should have been most stunted by a neglect of Darwinism the U.S. produced fully twice as many Nobel laureates as all other countries combined. How about the U.S. space program? Was it harmed by the supposed neglect of Darwinism in public schools? Contrary to what Evolution implies, the U.S. space program in 1957 was in good shape. The Soviet Union won the race to launch the first satellite because it had made that one of its highest national priorities. The U.S., on the other hand, had other priorities such as caring for its citizens and rebuilding a war-torn world. When Sputnik prodded Americans to put more emphasis on space exploration, the U.S. quickly surpassed the Soviet Union and landed men on the Moon. The necessary resources and personnel were already in place; the U.S. didn't have to wait for a new generation of rocket scientists trained in evolution.

52. Nobelprijs Voor De Fysiologie Of Geneeskunde - Wikipedia NL Bron http//www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/index.html. 2001 Leland H. Hartwell? 1988Sir James W. Black?, Gertrude B. Elion?, george H. hitchings? http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobelprijs_voor_de_Fysiologie_of_Geneeskunde

Hoofdpagina Recente wijzigingen Pagina bewerken Voorgeschiedenis Speciale pagina's Mijn gebruikersvoorkeuren instellen Mijn volglijst tonen Recent bijgewerkte pagina's tonen Afbeeldingen uploaden Lijst ge-uploade afbeeldingen tonen Geregistreerde gebruikers tonen Statistieken tonen Ga naar een willekeurig artikel Niet-gelinkte artikels tonen Niet-gelinkte afbeeldingen tonen Populaire artikels tonen Meest gewenste artikels tonen Korte artikels tonen Lange artikels tonen Nieuwe artikels tonen Taallinks Alle paginatitels tonen Geblokkeerde IP-adressen tonen Onderhoudspagina Boekhandels Printer-vriendelijke versie Overleg Aanmelden Help Andere talen: Dansk English Español Français Nobelprijs voor de Fysiologie of Geneeskunde Zie ook: Nobelprijs en Alfred Nobel Bron: http://www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/index.html Leland H. Hartwell (VS), Timothy Hunt (GB), Paul M. Nurse (GB) voor hun werk betreffende regulatoren in het celdeelproces. Dit opent nieuwe wegen voor onder meer kankeronderzoek. Arvid Carlsson , Paul Greengard , Eric R Kandel Günter Blobel Robert F. Furchgott

53. Volver A La Página Principal Las Instituciones Que Nos Cobijan PRINCIPAL ÍNDICE Notas nobel Medicina nobel Química el tratamientocon drogas , Black, Sir James W.; Elion, Gertrude B.; hitchings, george H. http://www.biologia.edu.ar/basicos/nobeles/nobelmed.htm

Premios Nobel de Medicina PRINCIPAL ÍNDICE Notas [ Nobel Medicina ] Nobel Química Tema Ganador Behring, Emil Adolf Von Ross, Sir Ronald Finsen, Niels Ryberg Pavlov, Ivan Petrovich Koch, Robert Cajal, Santiago Ramon Y.; Golgi, Camillo Laveran, Charles Louis Alphonse Ehrlich, Paul; Metchnikoff, Ilya Ilyich Kocher, Emil Theodor Kossel, Albrecht Gullstrand, Allvar Carrel, Alexis Richet, Charles Robert Barany, Robert Bordet, Jules Krogh, Schack August Steenberger Hill, Sir Archibald Vivian; Meyerhof, Otto Fritz; Banting, Sir Frederick Grant; Macleod, John James Richard; Einthoven, Willem; Fibiger, Johannes Andreas Grib Wagner-Jauregg, Julius Nicolle, Charles Jules Henri Eijkman, Christiaan; Hopkins, Sir Frederick Gowland Landsteiner, Karl Warburg, Otto Heinrich Adrian, Lord Edgar Douglas; Sherrington, Sir Charles Scott Morgan, Thomas Hunt Minot, George Richards; Murphy, William Parry; Whipple, George Hoyt Spemann, Hans Dale, Sir Henry Hallett; Loewi, Otto Nagyrapolt, Albert Szent-Gyorgyi Von Heymans, Corneille Jean Francois Domagk, Gerhard

54. A Nobel Tradition george H. hitchings, Ph.D., who had been a biochemistry instructor from 1939 to1942, shared the 1988 nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for research http://mediswww.meds.cwru.edu/admissions/medicine/nobel.htm

History Nobel tradition Eight Nobel Prize laureates have connections to the Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine: John J.R. Macleod, M.B., Ch.B., D.P.H. , physiology professor from 1903 to 1918, shared the 1923 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery of insulin. In Cleveland, Dr. Macleod completed a considerable amount of the groundwork that furthered his understanding of diabetes. Corneille J.F. Heymans, M.D. , who was a visiting scientist in the Department of Physiology in 1927 and 1928, received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1938 for work on carotid sinus reflexes. Frederick C. Robbins, M.D. , now medical school dean emeritus and university professor emeritus, shared the 1954 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on the polio virus, which led to the development of polio vaccines. He won the award two years after joining the medical school. Earl W. Sutherland. Jr., M.D.

55. Winners Of The Nobel Prize In Medicine Or Physiology nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology. Taken from The nobel Prize Internet Archive. SIRJAMES W. BLACK , GERTRUDE B. ELION and george H. hitchings for their http://www.manbir-online.com/htm3/nobel-med-list.htm

Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology Taken from - The Nobel Prize Internet Archive The prize was awarded jointly to: A RVID C ARLSSON ... REENGARD and E RIC K ANDEL for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system. The prize was awarded to: G ÜNTER B LOBEL , for the discovery that proteins have intrinsic signals that govern their transport and localization in the cell. The prize was awarded jointly to: R OBERT F F ... GNARRO and F ERID M URAD for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system. S TANLEY B P ... RUSINER for his discovery of Prions - a new biological principle of infection The prize was awarded jointly to: P ETER C D ... OHERTY and R OLF M Z ... INKERNAGEL for their discoveries concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence. The prize was awarded jointly to: E DWARD B L ... OLHARD and E RIC F W ... IESCHAUS for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development. The prize was awarded jointly to: A LFRED G G ... ILMAN and M ARTIN R ODBELL for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells.

56. Premios Nobel De Fisiología Y Medicina Translate this page Premios nobel de Fisiología y Medicina. Año, Premiado, Pais, Campo de Estudio. 1988,James W. Black Gertrude B. Elion george H. hitchings, http://www.revistamedica.8m.com/medmoder4.htm

Free Web site hosting - Freeservers.com Premios Nobel de Fisiología y Medicina Premio Nobel: premios concedidos cada año a personas, entidades u organismos por sus aportaciones extraordinarias realizadas durante el año anterior en los campos de la Física, Química, Fisiología y Medicina, Literatura, Paz y Economía. Otorgados por primera vez el 10 de diciembre de 1901, los premios están financiados por los intereses devengados de un fondo en fideicomiso contemplado en el testamento del químico, inventor y filántropo sueco Alfred Bernhard Nobel. Además de una retribución en metálico, el ganador del Premio Nobel recibe también una medalla de oro y un diploma con su nombre y el campo en que ha logrado tal distinción. Los jueces pueden dividir cada premio entre dos o tres personas, aunque no está permitido repartirlo entre más de tres. Si se considerara que más de tres personas merecen el premio, se concedería de forma conjunta. El fondo está controlado por un comité de la Fundación Nobel, compuesto por seis miembros en cada mandato de dos años: cinco elegidos por los administradores de los organismos contemplados en el testamento, y el sexto nombrado por el Gobierno sueco. Los seis miembros serán ciudadanos suecos o noruegos. De acuerdo con la voluntad de Nobel, se han establecido institutos separados en Suecia y Noruega para favorecer los objetivos de la Fundación con el fin de potenciar cada uno de los cinco campos en los que se conceden los galardones. Premios Nobel de Fisiología y Medicina

57. The Nobel Prize Winners of the nobel Prize in Medicine 1901 Emil A. von Behring (18541917 1988Gertrude B. Elion (1918- ) American george H. hitchings (1905- ) American http://www.tallpoppies.net.au/florey/explorer/nobel/main-content.html

History of the Prize The Nobel Prize Alfred Nobel was a Swedish chemist. He invented dynamite and became very rich. He gave more than 9 million dollars of his fortune to set up the Nobel prizes. Each year money from this fund goes to those who have most helped humanity. The Nobel Committee gives prizes for important work in physics, chemistry, medicine, literature, peace, and economics. Prize winners receive a cash prize (currently $1 million), a gold medal (above) and a certificate (below). Winners of the Nobel Prize in Medicine 1901 Emil A. von Behring (1854-1917) German For his work on serum therapy, especially its application against diphtheria, by which he has opened a new road in the domain of medical science and thereby placed in the hands of the physician a victorious weapon against illness and death. 1902 Sir Ronald Ross (1857-1932) British For his work on malaria, by which he has shown how it enters the organism and thereby has laid the foundation for successful research on this disease and how to combat it. 1903 Niels Ryberg Finsen (1860-1904) Danish In recognition of his contribution to the treatment of diseases, especially

58. What Is The Nobel Prize? Winners of the nobel Prize in Medicine Source Brown 1901 Emil A. von 1988 GertrudeB. Elion (1918 ) American george H. hitchings (1905- ) American http://www.tallpoppies.net.au/florey/researcher/nobel/main-content.html

History of the Prize [ What is the Nobel Prize? ] [ The Development of Dynamite] [ The Nobel Prize and Winners ] [ Nobel Prize in Medicine ] What is the Nobel Prize? Source: Nobel Alfred Nobel was a Swedish chemist. He invented dynamite and became very wealthy. When he died he left more than nine million dollars of his fortune to set up the Nobel prizes. According to his will, of 1895, the income from this fund was to be allotted each year in five equal parts as prizes to those who had most helped humanity. The interest from the money provides annual prizes for the greatest services to humanity in science and literature, and for the most effective work to promote friendship between nations (the Peace Prize). The Nobel prizes were first awarded on 10 December 1901, the fifth anniversary of Nobel's death. The Development of Dynamite Nobel experimented a lot with nitroglycerine by itself and mixed with gunpowder. He patented detonating charges and percussion caps in 1864. He used these as a primary charge to trigger an explosion. Nobel later used a special clay from northern Germany to stabilise the nitroglycerine. When tested with a percussion cap, the preparation exploded evenly although with less power than nitroglycerine alone. He called this mixture of nitroglycerine and clay "dynamite". Nobel developed other explosive substances. Blasting gelatine, another powerful explosive, was a solution of gun cotton in nitroglycerine. Guncotton is a preparation of nitric acid and cellulose invented by Christian Schonbein in Germany in 1845. This evolved into modern dynamite which is a mixture of nitroglycerine and guncotton, with some additional ingredients.

59. The Revolutionary Anti-Cancer Drugs In the year 1988, Dr. hitchings and Gertrude were rewarded with the nobel Prizefor CD Romunknown. Elion, Gertrude B., and hitchings, george H. CDRom. http://www.sjmv.org/campus/class/scinventors/cancer/anticancer.html

The Revolutionary Anti-Cancer Drugs The anti-cancer drugs were created by the American chemist and Nobel Prize winner, Gertrude Belle Elion. Gertrude was born in New York City in 1918 and passed away in 1999. When Gertrude was a small child, her grandfather died of cancer. Gertrude was very close to her grandfather and wanted to know more about the disease that killed him. Her goal was to research on cancer and one day find a cure so other people would not have to suffer as much as her grandfather. ( in Bibliography) Gertrude Elion She studied cancer in high school and college. When she graduated from New York's Hunter College, with the highest honors, she was not able to afford graduate school because during the Depression, her family suffered financial losses. She applied to fifteen graduate schools and asked for financial aid. All of them turned her down. Her chance to finally work as a chemist came during World War II when many of the male chemists were away. There were a vital need for chemists. She began working in a food laboratory and later she worked in a research laboratory. She finally began her serious journey in 1944 at Burroughs Wellcome, a pharmaceutical company. Six years later, her and her research partner, Dr. George Hitchings, developed a drug to fight child leukemia which is a serious and common type of cancer. In 1950, Gertrude and Dr. Hitchings got their first patent, a document from the government that makes sure no one else can make money off their invention. Over the years, Gertrude and her partner received over forty patents for their research on cancer, including one for a drug that makes it possible to have kidney transplants. Gertrude and her partner compared the functioning of normal human cells with bacteria cells, virus cells, and cancer cells in order to find way to harm or kill dangerous invading cells without damaging the healthy ones.

60. The Nobel Prize And Other Awards Martin Rodbell, george H. hitchings, and Gertrude B. Elion. October 1994. Rodbell,Hitchins, and Elion, October 1994 Metadata Record The nobel Prize in http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/GG/Views/Exhibit/visuals/prize.html

The Martin Rodbell Papers The Nobel Prize and Other Awards: Visuals Background Narrative Documents Click to see detailed information about each visual. Exhibit Biographical Information Early Work in Cellular Metabolism, 1956-1969 Signal Transduction and the Discovery of G-Proteins, 1969-1980 ... Cells as "Programmable Messengers," 1981-1994 The Nobel Prize and Other Awards All Visuals [Martin Rodbell, George H. Hitchings, and Gertrude B. Elion]. October 1994. "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1994 [poster]." 1994. [1994 Nobel Diploma]. 10 December 1994. [Martin Rodbell at the Nobel ceremonies]. December 1994. Search Martin Rodbell Papers Profiles in Science U.S. National Library of Medicine

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