21. Nobel Prices Related To Neuroscience To BioMag home page nobel prices related to neuroscience. 1968 robert W. holley(USA), Har Gobind Khorana (USA) and Marshall W. Nirenberg (USA) for their http://www.biomag.helsinki.fi/braincourse/nobelneuroscience.html

To BioMag home page Nobel prices related to neuroscience 1973 Physics: Brian David Josephson (Great Britain) "for his theoretical predictions of theproperties of a supercurrent through a barrier, in particular those phenomena which are generally known as the Josephson effects" 1991 Erwin Neher (Germany) Bert Sakmann (Germany) "for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells" Alfred G. Gilman (USA) Martin Rodbell (USA) "for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells" Send comments to Risto Ilmoniemi ( rji@biomag.helsinki.fi BioMag Laboratory, Helsinki University Central Hospital P.O. Box 340, FIN-00029 HUS, Finland FAX +358-9-47175781, Tel. +358-9-47172096, +358-50-5562964 http://www.biomag.helsinki.fi

22. The Marshall W. Nirenberg Papers: Translating The Code Of Life And The Nobel Pri In October 1968, Nirenberg received the news that he had won the nobel Prize inMedicine or Physiology, an honor that he shared with robert W. holley and Har http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/JJ/Views/Exhibit/narrative/codeoflife.html

The Marshall W. Nirenberg Papers Translating the Code of Life and the Nobel Prize, 1962-1968 Documents Visuals Exhibit Biographical Information ... Synthetic RNA and the Poly-U Experiments, 1959-1962 Translating the Code of Life and the Nobel Prize, 1962-1968 Public Reactions to the Genetic Code, 1961-1968 Transition to Neurobiology, 1965-1969 Neuroblastoma Research, 1967-1976 All Visuals Link to the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1968 at the Electronic Nobel Museum Project Despite their initial success, Nirenberg and Matthaei's newfound celebrity produced some unintended consequences. While the poly-U experiment was proof that they had in effect "cracked" the genetic code, many scientistsespecially the 1959 Nobel Laureate Severo Ochoawere eager to take it to the next level. Once it was understood that UUU was the RNA "code word" for phenylalanine, scientists set out to discover the unique code words for the twenty major amino acids. With this knowledge, scientists theorized, one would know not only how RNA translates messages from DNA to build proteins, but one would be able to read the entire genetic code of living organisms. As Jerard Hurwitz and J. J. Furth asserted in Scientific American in 1962, understanding the genetic code would explain how "the dream of the gene [becomes] the reality of the protein." Many believed, as the

23. The Marshall W. Nirenberg Papers: Biographical Information 1968 Shares nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology for decipheringthe genetic code with robert W. holley and Har Gobind Khorana; http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/JJ/Views/Exhibit/narrative/biographical.html

The Marshall W. Nirenberg Papers Biographical Information Documents Visuals Exhibit Biographical Information Synthetic RNA and the Poly-U Experiments, 1959-1962 Translating the Code of Life and the Nobel Prize, 1962-1968 Public Reactions to the Genetic Code, 1961-1968 Transition to Neurobiology, 1965-1969 ... All Visuals Jump to Chronology Is there a basic chemical reason for [the genetic code], or is it to some degree a matter of historical chance? My personal belief is that there is an underlying meaning for this and that it will be found. Marshall Nirenberg, "On the Translation of the Genetic Code," 1968 Marshall Warren Nirenberg was born April 10, 1927, in New York City, to Harry Nirenberg and Minerva Bykowsky Nirenberg. In 1941, Marshall developed rheumatic fever, and the Nirenberg family moved to Orlando, Florida, to take advantage of the subtropical climate. During his teens, Nirenberg developed a scientific and aesthetic appreciation for the natural world. Reminiscing about his childhood, he remarked in 1992 that "Florida was a natural paradise in those days. And I was the kind of kid who was happy exploring swamps and caves, and collecting spiders." In the Documents section, viewers can see a sketch of spiders that he made when he was 17 years old. Nirenberg became an adept observer of plant life, insects, and birds, and captured these observations through carefully written and maintained notes. These sketches and notes presaged a career in which scientific diaries filled with thorough documentation provided a constant source of inspiration for research and analysis. In 1945, Nirenberg graduated from high school and enrolled at the University of Florida in Gainesville. He earned his B.S. degree in zoology and chemistry in 1948. In 1950, he resumed his studies at Florida and took a M.S. degree in zoology in 1952, writing a master's thesis on caddis flies.

24. Themes Geography History History Prize Winners Nobel Themes Geography History History Prize Winners nobel Prize Medicine. 1968,holley, robert William Khorana, Har Gobind - Nirenberg, Marshall W. http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/GeogHist/histories/prizewinners/nobelprize/m

Themes History Prize Winners Nobel Prize Year Winners Behring, Emil Adolf von Ross, Ronald Finsen, Niels Ryberg Pavlov, Ivan Petrovich ... Bárány, Robert The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section Bordet, Jules Krogh, Schack August Steenberg The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section Hill, Archibald Vivian Meyerhof, Otto Fritz Banting, Frederick Grant Macleod, John James Richard ... Einthoven, Willem The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section Fibiger, Johannes Andreas Grib Wagner-Jauregg, Julius Nicolle, Charles Jules Henri Eijkman, Christiaan ... Domagk, Gerhard The prize money was 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section The prize money was 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section The prize money was 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section Dam, Henrik Carl Peter

25. Holley, Robert W. Translate this page robert W. holley est né dans Urbana, l'Illinois, le 28 janvier La formation d'holleycomme un chimiste n'a pas ce travail que l'on a attribué au Prix nobel. http://www.cartage.org.lb/fr/themes/Biographies/mainbiographie/H/Holley/Holley.h

Holley, Robert W. Robert W. Holley est né dans Urbana, l'Illinois, le 28 janvier 1922, un de quatre fils de Charles et l'Alto Holley. Ses parents étaient tous les deux éducateurs. Il a suivi(servi) des écoles publiques dans l'Illinois, la Californie et l'Idaho et a terminé ses études au Lycée Urbana en 1938. Il a étudié la chimie à l'Université de l'Illinois et a reçu son B. A. degré en 1942. Le travail de diplômé était à l'Université Cornell, où le degré de Ph.D.(doctorat) dans la chimie organique, avec le Professeur Alfred T. Blomquist, a attribué en 1947. Le travail de diplômé a été interrompu pendant la guerre. Il a dépensé(passé) deux ans, 1944-1946, avec le Professeur Vincent du Vigneaud à l'Université Cornell le Collège(université) Médical, où il a participé à la première synthèse chimique de pénicilline. Holley est un membre de l'Académie Nationale de Sciences, l'Académie américaine d'Arts et des Sciences, l'Association américaine pour l'Avancement de Science, la Société américaine de Chimistes Biologiques et la Société Chimique américaine. Il a reçu la Récompense (sentence) d'Albert Lasker dans la Recherche Médicale de Base en 1965, la Récompense (sentence) de Service Distinguée du Département américain d'Agriculture en 1965 et la Récompense (sentence) de Base (fondation) américaine D'acier dans la Biologie Moléculaire de l'Académie Nationale de Sciences en 1967.

26. @P.Medicina: Nobel Premiados , Última Actualización 25/11/99. Premiados con el nobel de Fisiología o Medicina. 1968.robert W. holley Har Gobind Khorana Marshall W. Nirenberg. 1919. http://www.iespana.es/apmedicina/Nobel/Nobel2/nobel2.html

Número de Archivos: Mapa Novedades Tu opinión Libro de Visitas Foro Lista de Correo Buscar Becas Buscar Farmacias Buscadores Médicos Hora Internet Última Actualización: Premiados con el Nobel de Fisiología o Medicina Emil Adolf von Behring Max Theiler Sir Ronald Ross Selman Abraham Waksman ... Philip Showalter Hench Webmaster

27. Search Results For James W. Marshall - Encyclopædia Britannica - The Online Enc The nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1968 The nobel Foundation Biographiesof robert W. holley, Har Gobind Khorana, and Marshall W. Nirenberg. http://search.britannica.com/search?query=James W. Marshall

28. PREMIOS NOBEL RELACIONADOS CON LA GENÉTICA Translate this page 1968, robert W. holley Har Godino Khorana Marshall W.Nirenberg. Por su interpretacióndel código genético y su función en la síntesis de proteínas. http://www.ucm.es/info/genetica/AVG/nobel/nobel.htm

Alfred Nobel La mayoría de los Premios Nobel que figuran en la siguiente lista son de Fisiología y Medicina, salvo algunos de Química y de la Paz que se indican de forma expresa en la tabla. Albrecht Kossel Por sus trabajos sobre las sustancias albuminoides, incluyendo las nucleínas, que han contribuido al conocimiento de la química de las células. Karl Landsteiner Por sus descubrimientos de los grupos sanguíneos de la especie humana. Thomas H. Morgan Por su descubrimiento sobre la función de los cromosomas como portadores de la herencia. Hermann J. Muller Por su descubrimiento de la inducción de mutaciones mediante radiación con rayos X. Linus Carl Pauling Por sus investigaciones sobre la naturaleza de los enlaces químicos y su aplicación en la elucidación de la estructura de las sustancias complejas. También recibió el Premio Nobel de la Paz en 1962 por su lucha contra el desarrollo de las armas nucleares. George W. Beadle Edward L. Tatum Por su descubrimiento de que los genes actúan regulando sucesos químicos definidos.

29. CU Facts: Selected Graduates Of Note time football AllAmerican; robert W. holley (Ph.D. '47) co-winnerof the 1968 nobel Prize in physiology/medicine; Hu Shih (BA '14 http://www.cornell.edu/CUFACTS/alumni.html

Diane Ackerman (M.F.A. '73, Ph.D. '79): best-seller author, poet, and naturalist George W. Beadle (Ph.D. '30): co-winner of the 1958 Nobel Prize in physiology/medicine Samuel (Sandy) R. Berger (A.B. '67): national security advisor 1993-2000; international consultant Gary Bettman (B.S. '74): first National Hockey League commissioner Kenneth Blanchard (A.B. '61, Ph.D. '67): management consultant and best-seller author Harold Bloom (A.B. '51): Margaret Bourke-White (A.B. '27): award-winning photojournalist and war correspondent Jane Brody (B.S. '62): science reporter and author Urie Bronfenbrenner (A.B. '38): pioneer in human development studies; Cornell faculty member Joyce Brothers (B.S. '47): psychologist, author, and media personality Susan Brownmiller (A.B. '56): feminist author and activist Pearl S. Buck (M.A. '25) novelist and winner of the 1932 Pulitzer Prize and the 1938 Nobel Prize for literature Abby Joseph Cohen (A.B. '73) eminent Wall Street stock strategist Charles Collingwood (A.B. '39):

30. Nobel Prize For Physiology Or Medicine nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine. Haldan K. Hartline, George Wald, and RagnarGranit (all US), for work on human eye 1968 robert W. holley, Har Gobind http://www.factmonster.com/ipa/A0105787.html

31. Information Please: 1968 nobel Prizes in Science Physiology or Medicine robert W. holley, Har Gobind Khorana,and Marshall W. Nirenberg (all US), for studies of genetic code. http://www.factmonster.com/year/1968.html

World U.S. Economics Sports ... Year by Year: 1900-2002 World Events World Statistics Population: 3.556 billion population by decade Nobel Peace Prize: More World Statistics... North Korea seizes US Navy ship Pueblo ; holds 83 on board as spies (Jan. 23). North Vietnamese launch the Tet Offensive , a turning point in the Vietnam War (Jan.-Feb.). American soldiers massacre 347 civilians at My Lai (March 16). Background: Vietnam War Czechoslovakia is invaded by Russians and Warsaw Pact forces to crush liberal regime (Aug. 20). More History... U.S. Events U.S. Statistics President: Lyndon B. Johnson Vice President: Hubert H. Humphrey Population: Life expectancy: 70.2 years Violent Crime Rate (per 1,000): Property Crime Rate (per 1,000): Homicide Rate (per 100,000): More U.S. Statistics... President Johnson announces he will not seek or accept presidential renomination (March 31). Martin Luther King, Jr., civil rights leader, is slain in Memphis (April 4). James Earl Ray, indicted in King murder, is sentenced to 99 years. Sen. Robert F. Kennedy Timeline of Kennedy tragedies More History... Economics US GDP (1998 dollars): $910.6 billion

32. Nobel Medicine Prize nobel Peace Prize for Physiology and Medicine. The nobel Peace Prize for Physiologyand Medicine dates from 1901. 1968, robert W. holley Har Gobind Khorana http://www.geocities.com/Axiom43/nobelmedicine.html

Nobel Peace Prize for Physiology and Medicine The Nobel Peace Prize for Physiology and Medicine dates from 1901. Year Winner(s) Country E. von Behring Germany Sir Ronald Ross Great Britain N. R. Finsen Denmark I. P. Pavlov Russia R. Koch Germany C. Colgi S. R. y Cajal Italy Spain C. I. A. Laveran France P. Ehrich E. Metchnikoff Germany Russia T. Kocher Switzerland A. Kossel Germany A. Gullstrand Sweden A. Carrel USA C. Richet France R. Barany Austria 1915 to 1918 No Award Made J. Bordet Belgium A. Krogh Denmark No Award Made Archibald V. Hill G. Meyerhof Great Britain Germany F. C. Banting J. R. Macleod Canada Canada W. E. Einthoven Netherlands No Award Made J. Fibiger Denmark J. Wagner-Jauregg Austria C. Nicolle France C. Eijkman Sir Frederick G. Hopkins Netherlands Great Britain K. Landsteiner Austria O. Warburg Germany Sir Charles S. Sherrington

33. Premios Nobel De Medicina Translate this page Premios nobel de Fisiología y Medicina. Año, Premiado, Pais, Campo de Estudio. 1968,robert W. holley H. Gobind Khorana Marshal W. Nirenberg, Estados Unidos http://www.geocities.com/coord_sur/nobelmed.html

Premiado Pais Campo de Estudio Emil von Behring Alemania Investigaciones en sueroterapia. Sir Ronald Ross Reino Unido Niels R. Finsen Dinamarca Rusia Robert Koch Alemania Camillo Golgi Italia España Trabajos sobre la estructura del sistema nervioso. Alphonse Laveran Francia Paul Ehrlich Alemania Rusia Trabajos sobre inmunidad. Emil Kocher Suiza Albrecht Kossel Alemania Allvar Gullstrand Suecia Alexis Carrel Francia Charles Richet Francia Estudios sobre anafilaxia. Austria Estudios sobre el sistema vestibular. (no concedido). (no concedido). (no concedido) (no concedido) Jules Bordet Descubrimientos relacionados con la inmunidad. August Krogh Dinamarca Descubrimiento del mecanismo regulador capilar. (no concedido). Archibald Hill Otto Meyerhof Reino Unido Alemania Sir F. G. Banting J. J. R. Macleod Canadá Reino Unido Descubrimiento de la insulina. Willem Einthoven Holanda (no concedido). Johannes Fibiger Dinamarca J. Wagner von Jauregg Austria Charles Nicolle Francia Investigaciones sobre el tifus. Christian Eljkman Sir F. Hopkins Holanda Reino Unido Descubrimiento de las vitaminas estimuladoras del crecimiento. Karl Landsteiner Estados Unidos Otto Warburg Alemania Edgar D. Adrian

34. The Alfred B. Nobel Prize Winners: Physiology Or Medicine nobel Prize Winners for Physiology or Medicine. 1968, robert W. holley H. GobindKhorana Marshall W. Nirenberg, United States United States United States. http://history1900s.about.com/library/misc/blnobelmed.htm

zfp=-1 About History 20th Century History Search in this topic on About on the Web in Products Web Hosting in partnership with 20th Century History with Jennifer Rosenberg Your Guide to one of hundreds of sites Home Articles Forums ... Help zmhp('style="color:#fff"') This Week's Articles tod('tih'); Today in History Daily Quiz tod('pod'); Picture of the Day Special Subscription Offers Subscribe Now Choose One: Subscribe Customer Service Subjects Major Events Maps People Photographs ... All articles on this topic Stay up-to-date! Subscribe to our newsletter. Advertising Free Credit Report Free Psychics Advertisement Nobel Prize Winners for Physiology or Medicine Chemistry Physics Literature Peace ... Economics Emil A. von Behring Germany Sir Ronald Ross Great Britain Niels R. Finsen Denmark Ivan P. Pavlov Russia Robert Koch Germany Camillo Golgi Santiago Ramon y Cajal Italy Spain Charles L. A. Laveran France Paul Ehrlich Elie Metchnikoff Germany France Emil Theodor Kocher Switzerland Albrecht Kossel Germany Allvar Gullstrand Sweden Alexis Carrel France Charles R. Richet France Robert Barany Austria Jules Bordet Belgium Schack A. S. Krogh

35. PREMIOS NOBEL DE MEDICINA PREMIOS nobel DE MEDICINA. AÑO, PREMIADO. 1968, robert W.holley HAR GOBINDKHORANA - MARSHALL W.NIREMBERG. 1969, MAX DELBRUCK - ALFRED D.HERSHEY . http://es.geocities.com/historalia/premios_nobel_medicina.htm

PREMIOS NOBEL DE MEDICINA AÑO PREMIADO EMIL ADOLF VON BEHERING RONALD ROSS NIELS RYBERG FINSEN IVAN PETROVICH PAVLOV CAMILLO GOLGI - SANTIAGO RAMON Y CAJAL CHARLES LOUIS ALPHONSE LAVERAN ILYA ILYCH MECHNIKOV - PAUL EHRLICH EMIL THEODOR KOCHER ALBRECHT KOSSEL ALLVAR GULLSTRAND ALEXIS CARREL CHARLES ROBERT RICHET ROBERT BARANY JULES BORDET SCHACK AUGUST STEENBERG KROGH ARCHIBALD VIVIAN HILL - OTTO FRITZ MEYERHOF FREDERICK GRANT BENTING - JOHN JAMES RICHARD MACLEOD WILLEM EINTHOVEN JOHANNES ANDREAS GRIB FIBIGER JULIUS WAGNER-JAUREGG CHARLES JULES HENRI NICOLLE CHRISTIAN EIJKMAN -SIR FREDERICK GOWLAND HOPKINS KARL LANDSTEINER OTTO HEINRICH WARBURG SIR CHARLES SCOTT SHERRINGTON - EDGAR DOUGLAS ADRIAN THOMAS HUNT MORGAN GEORGE HOYT WHIPPLE - GEORGE RICHARDS MINOT - WILLIAM PARRY MURPHY HANS SPEMANN SIR HENRY HALLET DALE - OTTO LOEWL ALBERT VON SZENT-GYORGY NAGYRAPOLT CORNEILLE JEAN FRANÇOIS HEYMANS GERHARD DOMAGK HENRIK CARL PETER DAM - EDWARD ADELBERT DOLSY JOSEPH ERLANGER - HERBERT SPENCER GASSER SIR ALEXANDER FLEMING - ERNST BORIS CHAIN - SIR HOWARD WALTER FLOREY HERMANN JOSEPH MULLER CARL FERDINAND CORI - GERTY THERESA RADNITZ-CORI - BERNARDO ALBERTO HOUSSAY PAUL HERMANN MULLER WALTER RUDOLF HESS - ANTONIO CAETANO DE ABREU FREIRE EGAS MONIZ EDWARD CALVIN KENDALL - TADEUS REICHSTEIN - PHILIP SHOWALTER HENCH MAX THEILER SELMAN ABRAHAM WAKSMAN HANS ADOLF KREBS - FRITZ ALBERT LIPMANN

36. Press Release: Papers Of Nobel Scientist Marshall Nirenberg Added To Profiles In In 1968, Nirenberg received the nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the inprotein synthesis. He shared the award with robert W. holley of Cornell http://www.nlm.nih.gov/news/press_releases/nirenbergpr01.html

Press Release: Papers of Nobel Scientist Marshall Nirenberg added to Profiles in Science FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE May 15, 2001 CONTACT: Robert Mehnert Kathy Gardner Cravedi publicinfo@nlm.nih.gov Papers of Nobel Scientist Marshall Nirenberg added to Profiles in Science As a budding teenage zoologist who frequented the swamps of Florida to collect insects in the 1940's, Marshall Nirenberg was an adept observer of plant life, insects, and birds. He captured these observations through carefully written and maintained notes. It was a habit that was to serve him well in the future. Forty years ago, in the spring of 1961, Nirenberg embarked upon a series of experiments that became the foundation for groundbreaking work on deciphering the genetic code. "Our contemporary understanding of the genetic code would not have been possible without the discoveries of Dr. Marshall Nirenberg, who shared the 1968 Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology," said Dr. Alexa McCray, who heads the Profiles in Science project.

37. Finding Aid To The Albert And Mary Lasker Foundation - Albert Lasker Awards Arch 2.1, Senator Alan Cranston, 1979. 2.1, Dr. K. Sune D. Bergstrom, nobel Foundation,1980. 1965. 7.1, holley, robert W. 7.1, Johnson, Lydon B. 7.1, Sabin, Albert B. 1966. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/manuscripts/ead/lasker.html

TABLE OF CONTENTS Descriptive Summary Biographical Note Collection Summary Index Terms ... Publicity Scrapbooks Finding Aid to the Albert and Mary Lasker Foundation - Albert Lasker Awards Archives, 1944- Archives and Modern Manuscripts Program, History of Medicine Division Processed by HMD Staff Machine-readable finding aid encoded by Dan Jenkins Descriptive Summary Collection Number: MS C 415 Creator: Albert and Mary Lasker Foundation Title: Albert and Mary Lasker Foundation - Albert Lasker Awards Archives Dates: Quantity: 15 linear feet (36 boxes) Abstract: The Lasker Awards were given through the American Public Health Association from 1946 through 1960. The collection includes correspondence, nominee files, legal papers, minutes, jury materals, guest lists, clippings, printed material, and files relating to award winners. It documents the selection process, public relations, and presentation of the Albert Lasker Awards. Four-year accumulations of records are added periodically. Biographical Note The prestige of the Albert Lasker Awards within the American medical community is unequaled. The many Lasker award winners who have gone on to receive the Nobel prize are ample testimony to the international reputation of the awards. Return to the Table of Contents Collection Summary The archives span the years from l944 to the present, with the bulk of the material covering the period since l962.

38. Géniesenherbe.org - Prix Nobel De Physiologie Et Médecine Translate this page Le prix nobel de physiologie et médecine est attribué par l'Assemblée nobelde l'Institut Karolinska, à Stockholm. 1968, robert W. holley, Har Gobind http://www.geniesenherbe.org/theorie/prix/nobmed.html

Lauréats du prix Nobel de physiologie et médecine Le prix Nobel de physiologie et médecine est attribué par l' Assemblée Nobel de l'Institut Karolinska , à Stockholm. Année Récipiendaire Emil Adolf von Berhing (Allemagne) sir Ronald Ross (Grande-Bretagne) Niels Ryberg Finsen (Danemark) Ivan Petrovitch Pavlov (Russie) Robert Koch (Allemagne) Camilio Golgi (Italie) et Santiago Ramon y Cajal (Espagne) Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran (France) Paul Ehrlich (Allemagne) et Elie Metchnikov (Russie) Theodor Emil Kocher (Suisse) Albericht Kossel (Allemagne) Alivar Gullstrand (Suède) Alexis Carrel (France) Charles Robert Richet (France) Robert Bárány (Autriche-Hongrie) NON ATTRIBUÉ NON ATTRIBUÉ NON ATTRIBUÉ NON ATTRIBUÉ Jules Bordet (Belgique) Schack August Steenberg Kroch (Danemark) NON ATTRIBUÉ sir Archibald Vivian Hill (Grande-Bretagne) et Otto F. Meyerhof (Allemagne) sir Frederic Grant Banting (Canada) et John James Richard Macleod (Canada) Willem Einthoven (Pays-Bas) NON ATTRIBUÉ Johannes Anreas Grib Fibiger (Danemark) Julius Wagner von Jauregg (Autriche) Charles Jules Henri Nicolle (France), pour ses travaux sur le typhus.

39. DI CRSC Criticism Of The PBS "Evolution" Series: Counting Nobel Laureates USAborn nobel winners in this sample, New York appears to be the most common birthplace.1967 Haldan Keffer Hartline, George Wald 1968 robert W. holley, Har http://www.antievolution.org/events/pbsevo/wre_nobel.html

Counting the Nobel laureates... Does it prove what the Discovery Institute says it does? by Wesley R. Elsberry In their viewer's guide pretentiously (and erroneously, as I will demonstrate below) titled, "Getting the Facts Straight", the Discovery Institute gives us this discussion: The narrator says that anti-evolution efforts following the Scopes trial "had a chilling effect on the teaching of evolution and the publishers of science textbooks. For decades, Darwin seemed to be locked out of America's public schools. But then evolution received an unexpected boost from a very unlikely source the Soviet Union." When the Soviets launched the first man-made satellite, Sputnik, in 1957, Americans were goaded into action. The narrator continues: "As long-neglected science programs were revived in America's classrooms, evolution was, too. Biblical literalists have been doing their best to discredit Darwin's theory ever since." This takes the distortion of history one giant step further. It is blatantly false that U.S. science education was "neglected" after the Scopes trial because Darwinism was "locked out of America's public schools." During those supposedly benighted decades, American schools produced more Nobel Prize-winners than the rest of the world put together. And in physiology and medicine the fields that should have been most stunted by a neglect of Darwinism the U.S. produced fully twice as many Nobel laureates as all other countries combined. How about the U.S. space program? Was it harmed by the supposed neglect of Darwinism in public schools? Contrary to what Evolution implies, the U.S. space program in 1957 was in good shape. The Soviet Union won the race to launch the first satellite because it had made that one of its highest national priorities. The U.S., on the other hand, had other priorities such as caring for its citizens and rebuilding a war-torn world. When Sputnik prodded Americans to put more emphasis on space exploration, the U.S. quickly surpassed the Soviet Union and landed men on the Moon. The necessary resources and personnel were already in place; the U.S. didn't have to wait for a new generation of rocket scientists trained in evolution.

40. The Nobel Prize Max Delbrück), (Alfred D. Hershey), ?(SalvadorE. Luria) 1968 ? (robert W. holley), ? ? http://home.megapass.co.kr/~jayleen/medicine/medi-index.htm

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