61. Nobel Family Exits. IRENE freezes.. ANNOUNCER. May I present the 1935 nobel Prize winnersin the field of chemistry Irene Curiejoliot and frederic Joilot? IRENE. http://www.ewrapt.net/McKinley/NobelFamily.htm

Writing, Research and Performance Theatre A Nobel Family Act 6 A Nobel Family Announcers voice is heard offstage. This scene is played in front of curtain ANNOUNCER May I present the winners of the 1903 Nobel Prize, Henri Becquerel and Marie and Pierre Curie. REPORTER Going up to Marie Curie Marie Curie, tell us what it feels like to be the first woman to win a Nobel Prize. MARIE Well, I didn’t do it all by myself. My husband and I built our research upon the discoveries of Monsieur Becquerel. Monsieur Becqueral discovered that uranium produced energy all by itself, so Pierre and I decided to dig deeper into it. They exit. Curtains open. It is the lab of the Curies MARIA and EBONY come out of the closet and look around MARIA It looks like a laboratory but it’s pretty old and run down. EBONY It’s nothing but an old shed. MARIE First, I will boil the pitchblende ore in order to extract the bismuth. [ Bismuth comes from behind the pitchblende ] Now then, if I take away most of this bismuth, I may be able to find a metal that gives off even more energy. There it is!

62. Ozgur Politika frederic joliotCurie ve Irene Curie de, tipki Marie ve Pierre Curie cifti gibi,butun Nukleer fizige katkilariyla, 1935'te nobel Kimya Odulu'nu paylastilar. http://www.ozgurpolitika.org/2003/02/14/hab46b.html

14-Subat 2003 Cuma HUSEYIN SIMSEK: Yurekli Bilginler Kusaginin Yoklugu Savas kapida! Binlerce yildir, sayisizca ornegin gosterdigi o bir turlu degistirilemeyen "gercek" duruyor onumuzde. Insan, bilmenin zevkine varip yararini, bir o kadar da tadini kacirip, zararini goruyor. Bilimsel ilerlemeye karsi cikilamaz Fakat bunun, surekli insanligin bir bolumunu yoketmeye yonelegelen silahlanmanin hizmetine sunulmasini, engellemenin bir yolu bulunmali. Herhangi bir bilginin sahipleri bile, o bilgiyi bir yere kadar denetleyebiliyor. Bilgi toplumsal alana tastiktan sonra, is isten geciyor. Toplumsal arenadaki ulusal, dinsel, sinifsal cikar catismalarinin yonlendiricilerinin her biri, bilginin dumenini kendince eline aliyor. Egemen konumda olan, uretilen bilginin kaynagina, gerekcesine bakmaksizin, keyfince kullanmaya basliyor. Boyle bir dunyada bilgin olmanin tadina varilabilir mi? Gelin, gercek bir hayattan, bu sorunun ipuclarini birlikte animsayalim. Fransiz fizik bilginleri Marie ve Pierre Curie'yi, okul yillarini en pespaye mufredatlarla gecirmek zorunda kalanlarimiz bile bilir. Bilim dunyasinin en unlu cifti. Sonraki unlu cift ise, ayni ulke ve ayni daldan, hem de ilk ciftin yakin akrabasi: Frederic Joliot ve Irene Curie. Irene, Marie ve Pierre Curie'nin kizi. Frederic Joliot ise, Paris Radyum Enstitusu'nde Marie Curie'nin asistani. Baba Curie'nin olumunden cok sonra, Irene'yle evlenerek, bilginler ailesine akraba olur. Isterseniz "ic guveysi" deyin, Frederic Joliot, Curie'lerin soyadini kullanmasini, bu bilim ciftine duydugu saygiyla aciklar. Frederic Joliot-Curie ve Irene Curie de, tipki Marie ve Pierre Curie cifti gibi, butun bilimsel calismalari birlikte surdurdu. Nukleer fizige katkilariyla, 1935'te Nobel Kimya Odulu'nu paylastilar.

63. Biography and frederic joliotCurie in the laboratory in 1934. Marie Curie had many firsts,but this one she did not live to see. She was the first mother-nobel Prize http://www.me.gatech.edu/me/curie/bio.html

SCHEDULE LOCATION BIOGRAPHY OVERVIEW THE EXHIBIT EXHIBIT GUIDE K-12 GROUPS SPONSORS TOURS SYMPOSIUM PRESS INFO OTHER SITES CALENDAR ... SEMINARS PUBLICATIONS PHOTOS Marie Curie was born Marja Sklodowska in Warsaw, Poland in 1867 into a family that valued education. As a young woman, she went to Paris, France to study mathematics, physics, and chemistry at the Sorbonne, where she met and married Pierre Curie. Melding their academic Henri Becquerel interests, they soon established a research relationship as well. Their collaborations were fruitful ones. In 1903, the Curies shared the Nobel Prize in physics with Antoine Henri Becquerel for research involving radiation phenomena. Eight years later, she received a second Nobel Prize, this time in chemistry, in recognition for her individual work in discovering polonium and radium and in isolating radium and studying its chemical properties. She named polonium in honor of her native country, Poland. Marie Curie was the first person to receive the Nobel Prize twice and remains the only woman so honored. In 1914, she helped found the Radium

64. Colloque frederic joliot-CURIE . du Radium, avecsa femme Irène joliot-Curie, la qui valut à tous deux le prix nobel de chimie http://musee.curie.fr/associationcjc/colloque.html

COLLOQUE "ACTUALITE DE FREDERIC JOLIOT-CURIE" 9 et 10 octobre 2000 Programme Intervenants - son œuvre scientifique; Date limite d'inscription : 7 juillet 2000 Programme (au 12 septembre 2000) Lundi 9 octobre 2000 9:15 Ouverture du colloque Hubert Curien The discovery of artificial radioactivity R.H. Stuewer Animatrice : Ch. Blondel ; B. Goldschmidt, V. Henri, J. Laberrigue-Frolow, J. Labeyrie, H. Langevin-Joliot, M. Tubiana Robert Guillaumont M. Jacob P. Radvanyi Evry Scatzman F. Joliot-Curie et l'engagement social et politique en France, dans le milieu scientifique F. Matonti 17:00 - 18:15 Table ronde - 18:45 Cocktail offert par l'Institut Curie Mardi 10 octobre 2000 Philippe Lazar F. Morel 11:05 - 12:30 Table ronde - Animateur : D. Peschanski ; A. Bendjebbar, R. Mayer, M. Pinault, N. Racine-Furlaud Sergey Kapitza Interactions and comparisons between France and Great Britain : F. Joliot, J. Chadwick and P.M. Blackett - J. Hughes A. Prost Marianne Lambert Organisation de la recherche : F. Joliot-Curie, le CNRS et le CEA

65. JCE 1997 (74) 12 [Jan] Anniversaries: 1997 of Marie and Pierre Curie, collaborating with her husband, frederic joliot, studiedthe effects radioactivity and, in 1935, the pair shared the nobel Prize for http://jchemed.chem.wisc.edu/Journal/Issues/1997/Jan/abs12.html

Anniversaries: 1997 Paul Schatz Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1101 University Ave., Madison, WI 53706 Centennial Birthdays: 1897 Odd Hassel , Norwegian physical chemist, whose research on the structure of cyclohexane laid the ground work for conformational analysis. He shared the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1969 with Sir Derek Barton. Tadeusz Reichstein , Polish-born organic chemist who worked in Switzerland, was one of the first to synthesize vitamin C (ascorbic acid) after it was isolated and identified in 1932. He shared the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1950 with P. S. Hench and E. C. Kendall for his work on corticoid hormones. Vitamin C Sir John Cockcroft , British physicist, working with T. S. Walton, developed a voltage multiplier that was used to accelerate protons. The accelerated protons were used to bombard lithium, producing alpha particles (helium nuclei). He and Walton shared the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1951. Georg Wittig , German organic chemist, developed the reaction between a carbonyl compound (an aldehyde or ketone) and an organophosphorous compound to produce an alkene containing the groups from both starting materials. He shared the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1979 with H. C. Brown. Sir Cyril Hinshelwood , British physical chemist, studied reaction rates and reaction mechanisms. His studies of how water was formed from hydrogen and oxygen led to a better understanding of chain reactions. He shared the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1956 with Nicolay Semyonov.

66. Sofia City Guide - Useful No. Tel 933 47 72, 933 47 73. Peru, 17, frederic joliotCurie Str. Tel 973 34 69.Poland, Tel 943 30 34, 943 30 32. Sweden, 4, Alfred nobel Str. Tel 971 24 31. http://www.sofiacityguide.com/usefulno.php?cat=92

67. PREMIOS NOBEL DE QUIMICA PREMIOS nobel DE QUIMICA. AÑO, PREMIADO. 1901, JACOBUS HENRICUS VAN 'THOFF. 1934, HAROLD CLAYTON UREY. 1935, frederic joliot IRENE joliot-CURIE. http://es.geocities.com/historalia/premios_nobel_quimica.htm

PREMIOS NOBEL DE QUIMICA AÑO PREMIADO JACOBUS HENRICUS VAN 'T HOFF HERMANN EMIL FISCHER SVANTE AUGUST ARRHENIUS SIR WILLIAM RAMSAY JOHANN FRIEDRICH WILHELM ADOLF VON BAEYER HENRI MOISSAN EDUARD BUCHNER ERNEST RUTHERFORD WILHELM OSTWALD OTTO WALLACH MARIE CURIE VICTOR GRIGNARD - PAUL SABATIER ALFRED WERNER THEODORE WILLIAM RICHARDS RICHARD MARTIN WILLSTATTER FRITZ HABER WALTHER HERMANN NEMST FREDERICK SODDY FRANCIS WILLIAM ASTON FRITZ PREGL RICHARD ADOLF ZSIGMONDY THEODOR SVEDBERG HEINRICH OTTO WIELAND ADOLF OTTO REINHOLD WINDAUS ARTHUR HARDEN - HANS KARL AUGUST SIMON VON EULER-CHELPIN HANS FISCHER CARL BOSCH - FRIEDRICH BERGIUS IRVING LANGMUIR HAROLD CLAYTON UREY FREDERIC JOLIOT - IRENE JOLIOT-CURIE PETRUS JOSEPHUS WILHELMUS DEBYE WALTER NORMAN HAWORTH - PAUL KARRER RICHARD KUHN ADOLF FRIEDRICH JOHANN BUTENANDT - LEOPOLD RUZICKA GEORGE DE HEVESY OTTO HAHN ARTTURI ILMARI VIRTANEN JAMES BATCHELLER SUMNER - JOHN HOWARD HORTHROP - WENDELL MEREDITH STANLEY SIR ROBERT ROBINSON ARNE WILHELM KAURIN TISELIUS WILLIAM FRANCIS GLAUQUE OTTO PAUL HERMANN DIELS - KURT ALDER EDWIN MATTISON MC MILLAN - GLENN THEODORE SEABORG ARCHER JOHN PORTER MARTIN - RICHARD LAURENCE MILLINGTON SYNGE HERMANN STAUDINGER LINUS CARL PAULING VINCENT DU VIGNEAUD SIR CYRIL NORMAN HINSHELWOOD - NIKOLAY NIKOLAIEVICH SEMENOV LORD ALEXANDER R.TODD

68. ScienceWeek as Irene joliotCurie. Irene and her husband frederic joliot sharedthe nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1935. Marie Curie died at the http://scienceweek.com/st9.htm

Web Edition Entry Subscriptions Archives New Books ... Main Page ScienceWeek Crossing Barriers Since 1997 Welcome to ScienceWeek The file you have requested no longer exists. But you will probably find what you're looking for in our archives. Click here for access to the ScienceWeek main web page.

69. G L O B A L A L L I A N C E Irene joliotCurie, daughter of Marie and Pierre Curie, was a Frenchphysicist and nobel laureate along with her husband frederic. http://www.globalalliancesmet.org/great_gthrum.htm

Hildegard of Bingen Born: 1098 Died: 1179 http://www.tl.infi.net/~ddisse/hildegar.html http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/med/hildegarde.html Dr. Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Born: May 12, 1910 Died: 1994 Dr. Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin first became interested in crystals and chemistry when she was 10 years old, an interest encouraged by a family friend in Sudan. She went to Oxford and Somerville College, where she attended a course in crystallography and decided to do her research in x-ray crystallography. She spent much of her working life teaching chemistry, tutoring and lecturing and the university level. In 1934 she collected money for x-ray apparatus and continued research on sterols and other biologically interesting molecules, including insulin and penicillin. She also took part in the foundation of the International Union of Crystallography in 1946. http://www.nobel.se/chemistry/laureates/1964/hodgkin-bio.html

70. TTI:ITEC:Conferences:Women In Discovery: Ask The Speaker Form and Marie Curie, Irene and frederic joliotCurie, and Professor Langevin-joliothas also been a notable Rita Levi-Montalcini 1986 nobel Prize in Medicine http://tti.tamu.edu/conferences/wid/speakers.stm

bufferImg("search", "/images/search_small.gif", "/images/search_smalla.gif"); //> Women in Discovery Ask the Speaker Many of you have taken the opportunity to submit questions to the Women in Discovery speakers. Although time may not permit, the speakers will attempt to touch on all of your thoughtful questions or comments. The following are women in discovery: Nancy W. Dickey, M.D. Immediate Past President, American Medical Association and Professor, College of Medicine On June 17, 1998, Dr. Dickey became the first woman to assume the presidency of the American Medical Association (AMA). Since 1977, she has served the AMA in many leadership roles including being a member of the Council on Medical Services, being elected to the Board of Trustees in 1989, and serving as the AMA commissioner to the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health Care Organizations from 1989 to 1995. She was also instrumental in helping to create and launch one of the association's newest initiatives, the AMA's Patient Safety Foundation. Dr. Dickey joined the College of Medicine faculty in January 1996. In addition to teaching, she is director of the Family Practice Residency Foundation of the Brazos Valley and directs the Family Medicine Center in Bryan, which provides training for up to 18 family medicine residents. Bonnie J. Dunbar, Ph.D.

71. Carolina Biological: Great Achievements In Science: Marie Curie Marie's daughter, Irene joliotCurie, and her husband, frederic joliot-Curie,were awarded the nobel Prize in Chemistry for their discovery of artificial http://www.carolina.com/achievements/janapr/curie.asp

Marie Curie Marie Curie (1867-1934), the first female recipient of the Nobel Prize, was a chemist and physicist. She and her husband, Pierre Curie, were pioneers in the study of radiation. Her discovery of radium led to the development of a treatment for cancer. Born on November 7, 1867, in Warsaw, Poland, Marie was the youngest of 5 children born to Vladislav and Bronislawa Sklodowski. At the time, Poland was under Russian domination after the unsuccessful revolt of 1863. Her parents were teachers, but soon after Marie (nicknamed “Manya”) was born, they lost their jobs. The family had to take in boarders to make ends meet. Although Marie spent a great deal of time doing family chores, she still found time to excel at school. She won a medal for excellence at the local high school, where the examinations and classes were taught primarily in Russian. Because there was no higher education available to women in Poland at the time, Marie had to take a job as a governess. With the money she earned, she helped pay for her older sister Bronya's medical school tuition in Paris.

72. Country Information 52, frederic joliotCurie Str., phone 65 90 12 MOROCCO - embassy. No. 129, EvioguiGeorgiev blvd., phone 44 27 94 NORWAY - embassy, No.4, Alfred nobel http://www.btch.org/English/TravelGuide/CountryInfo/embassies.htm

Country Information Embassies - Consulates AFGHANISTAN embassy"Gorna Banya" quarter, No.61, "Boryana" Str., block 216A, flat 15, phone: 567155 ALBANIA - embassy. No.10. "Kra Kra" Str., phone: 44 33 81 ALGIERS - embassy, No. 16, "Slavyan-ska" Str., phone: 980 22 50 ARGENTINA - embassy, No.36, "Dragan Tsankov" blvd., INTERPRED block B, floor 2, phone: 971 25 39 ARMENIA - embassy, consular section, No. 11, "20th of April" Str, phone: 52 6046 AUSTRALIA - consulate, No.3, "Yantra Str., phone: 44 34 68 AUSTRIA - embassy, No.4, "Shipka" Str. phone: 980 35 72; commercial representation, No.3, "Khan Kroum" Str., phone: 980 44 80 BELARUS - embassy, "Lozenets" res.area, No.20, "Kokiche" Str., phone: 65 28 43 BELGIUM - embassy, 1, "Velchova Zavera" Sq, phone: 963 36 22 BOOK (Bureau for providing services to the diplomatic corps) No.27, "Veliko ^Tarnovo" Str, phone: 44 38 91 (92) BRAZIL - embassy, No.19, "Frederic Joliot-Curie" Str, block 156, entr.1, floor 4, flat 16, phone: 72 35 27

73. Chemiker Translate this page 1610 - 1665 (USA) E. joliot, frederic nobelpreis Chemie 1935 E (SE). joliot-Curie,Irene nobelpreis Chemie 1935 E (SE). nobel, Alfred (USA) E. http://www.chemlin.de/chemie/chemiker.htm

Index A - Z English Index News Teilbereiche Chemie Praktische Chemie Chemie im Alltag ... Forum Digitalverlag GmbH Chemiker Verweise auf Internetquellen mit Biografien einzelner Chemiker. Siehe auch: Querverweise zu sachverwandten Themen. Aberl, Sir Frederick Englischer Chemiker, Kurzbiographie (UK) [E] Agricola, Georg Biographie, Foto (USA) [E] Agrippa von Nettesheim Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa von Nettesheim. Biographie und zahlreiche weitere Adressen, auch zu verfügbaren Texten [E] Alder, Kurt Nobelpreis Chemie 1950 [E] (SE) Altman, Sidney Nobelpreis Chemie 1989 [E] (SE) Andreae, Johann Valentin Biographie (USA) [E] Anfinsen, Christian B. Nobelpreis Chemie 1972 [E] (SE) Aquinas, Thomas Biographie, Foto (USA) [E] Ardenne, Manfred von Kurzbiographie (D) [D] Arrhenius, Svante August Nobelpreis Chemie 1903 [E] (SE) Ashmole, Elias Alchemist (USA) [E] Aston, Francis William Nobelpreis Chemie 1922 [E] (SE) Avicenna Biographie, Foto (USA) [E] Avogadro, Amadeo (UK) [E] Bacon, Roger

74. Chemistry 1935 (1900 - 1958) Discovered artificial radioactivity, ie, new radioactive elements produced by the Category Science Chemistry Inorganic People......The nobel Prize in Chemistry 1935. in recognition of their synthesisof new radioactive elements . Frédéric joliot, Irène joliotCurie. http://www.nobel.se/chemistry/laureates/1935/

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1935 "in recognition of their synthesis of new radioactive elements" Frédéric Joliot Irène Joliot-Curie 1/2 of the prize 1/2 of the prize France France Institut du Radium Paris, France Institut du Radium Paris, France b.1900 d.1958 b.1897 d.1956 The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1935 Presentation Speech Biography Nobel Lecture ... Other Resources The 1935 Prize in: Physics Chemistry Physiology or Medicine Literature ... Peace Find a Laureate: Last modified June 16, 2000 The Official Web Site of The Nobel Foundation

75. Jean Frederic Joliot Curie Translate this page Resumos de biografias de personalidades da historia da humanidade artistas, cientistas, engenheiros, escritores, governos, inventores, medicos, etc. http://www.sobiografias.hpg.com.br/FredicJo.htm

do casal Curie , descobriu a radioatividade artificial Marie Curie , filha da sua chefe, lhes General Charles de Gaulle mesatron lambda Juntamente com a esposa foi Ainda juntos desenvolveram e oi professor de Foto copiada do site NOBEL e-MUSEUM: http://www.nobel.se/ Nova B U S C A :

76. IRENE JOLIET-CURIE In that year, Irene and frederic first demonstrated the creation of an 'artificially realized,Irene and frederick JolietCurie were awarded the nobel Prize in http://www.woodrow.org/teachers/chemistry/institutes/1992/IreneJoliot-Curie.html

IRENE JOLIET-CURIE After reading the accomplishments of this brilliant, dedicated scientist we wondered why we had heard so little of her before. She was overshadowed by those around her. She was overshadowed by Nobel laureate parents Marie and Pierre Curie, by co-laureate and husband Frederick J.-C., by physicist daughter Helene ,who married to Paul Langevin's grandson, and by biochemist son Pierre Joliet. In some ways she was even overshadowed by non-scientist sister Eve Denise Curie, who wrote the 1937 biography of her mother that inspired so many of us. This overshadowing, which has threatened to mask the significance of Irene's work, is illuminated poignantly, and perhaps unintentionally, by Francis Carter Wood, writing in Science Monthly in 1938: "Marie Curie by her chemical discovery of the element radium inaugurated what may be called modern physics, and it must have been to her a marvelous satisfaction that her daughter, Irene Joliet-Curie, has followed in her footsteps, making one discovery after another, which would render the name Curie imperishable had her mother never been famous." (1) He goes on to say, "It remains to Marie the singular distinction among women of having made the most revolutionary discovery in atomic physics."

77. Nobel Prize In Chemistry Since 1901 joliot-Curie, Irene. http://www.planet101.com/nobel_chemistry_hist.htm

Nobel Prize in Chemistry since 1901 Year Winners Hoff, Jacobus Henricus Van't Fischer, Hermann Emil Arrhenius, Svante August Ramsay, Sir William Baeyer, Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Von Moissan, Henri Buchner, Eduard Rutherford, Lord Ernest Ostwald, Wilhelm Wallach, Otto Curie, Marie Grignard, Victor; Sabatier, Paul Werner, Alfred Richards, Theodore William Willstatter, Richard Martin Haber, Fritz Nernst, Walther Hermann Soddy, Frederick Aston, Francis William Pregl, Fritz Zsigmondy, Richard Adolf Svedberg, The Wieland, Heinrich Otto Windaus, Adolf Otto Reinhold Euler-chelpin, Hans Karl August Von; Harden, Sir Arthur Fischer, Hans Bergius, Friedrich; Bosch, Carl Langmuir, Irving Urey, Harold Clayton Joliot, Frederic; Joliot-Curie, Irene Debye, Petrus Josephus Wilhelmus Haworth, Sir Walter Norman; Karrer, Paul Kuhn, Richard Butenandt, Adolf Friedrich Johann; Ruzicka, Leopold De Hevesy, George Hahn, Otto Virtanen, Artturi Ilmari Northrop, John Howard; Stanley, Wendell Meredith; Sumner, James Batcheller Robinson, Sir Robert Tiselius, Arne Wilhelm Kaurin Giauque, William Francis

78. Super Scientists - Irene Joliot-Curie 1926. They both took the name joliotCurie. radioactivity. Irene and Fredericwere jointly awarded the nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1935. Irene http://www.energyquest.ca.gov/scientists/joliot-curie.html

Irene Joliot-Curie Irene was the daughter of Marie and Pierre Curie. She carried on her parents' research into radioactivity, first helping to establish the use of x-rays to diagnose injuries on the battlefield in World War I. Irene began working at her mother's Radium Institute in 1921. She married Frederic Joliot, a pupil of her mother's, in 1926. They both took the name Joliot-Curie. Together, the two physicists discovered artificial radioactivity. Their experiments found that certain elements became radioactive themselves after being exposed to radioactivity. Irene and Frederic were jointly awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1935. Irene became a professor at the Sorbonne in Paris in 1937 and in 1946 was made director of the Radium Institute. Irene Joliot-Curie Links to other Websites: Irene Joliot-Curie Virtual Museum of Virginia Tech Contributions of 20th Century Women to Physics, Irene Joliot-Curie Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA Irene Joliot-Curie and Frederic Joliot Chemical Heritage Foundation EQ Homepage Energy Story Science Projects Library ... Contact Us

79. La Radioactivitat I La Família Curie reberen l’any 1934 el premi nobel de Química produir una reacció en cadena, iFrederic dirigí la Els joliotCurie tingueren un destacat compromís social i http://www.uv.es/metode/numero24/12-24.html

80. Nobel Prizes In Nuclear Science Many nobel Prizes have been awarded for nuclear research and instrumentation. Fredericjoliot and Irene joliotCurie, synthesis of several new radioactive http://www.lbl.gov/abc/wallchart/chapters/appendix/appendixe.html

Chapter Head Home Table of Contents Glossary ... Appendix Nobel Prizes in Nuclear Science Many Nobel Prizes have been awarded for nuclear research and instrumentation. The field has spun off: particle physics, nuclear astrophysics, nuclear power reactors, nuclear medicine, and nuclear weapons. Understanding how the nucleus works and applying that knowledge to technology has been one of the most significant accomplishments of twentieth century scientific research. Each prize was awarded for physics unless otherwise noted. Name(s) Discovery Year Henri Becquerel, Pierre Curie, and Marie Curie Discovered spontaneous radioactivity Ernest Rutherford Work on the disintegration of the elements and chemistry of radioactive elements 1908 (chem) Marie Curie Discovery of radium and polonium 1911 (chem) Frederick Soddy Work on chemistry of radioactive substances including the origin and nature of radioactive isotopes 1921 (chem) Francis Aston Discovery of isotopes in many non-radioactive elements, also enunciated the whole-number rule of atomic masses 1922 (chem) Charles Wilson development of the cloud chamber for detecting charged particles Harold Urey discovery of heavy hydrogen (deuterium) 1934 (chem) Frederic Joliot and Irene Joliot-Curie synthesis of several new radioactive elements 1935 (chem) James Chadwick discovery of the neutron Carl David Anderson discovery of the positron Enrico Fermi new radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation Ernest Lawrence invented the cyclotron George De Hevesy Use of isotopes as tracers in the study of chemical processes

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