21. Chemistry - Links For Chemists - Topics - Biographies Links to biographies of over 200 people who have advanced and refined the field of chemistry. A section Category Science Chemistry History...... Bragg, William Henry @ nobel SE; Brand(t), Hennig; de Broglie, LouisVictorPierre Raymond khorana, har gobind; khorana, har gobind @ J. Chem. Ed. http://www.liv.ac.uk/Chemistry/Links/refbiog.html

Links for Chemists Chemistry section of the WWW Virtual Library Virtual Library Science Chemistry : Biographies of Famous Chemists Unless otherwise stated, the biographies listed below are provided and listed with the kind permission of the The Nobel Foundation . If you know of any biographies of Chemists or scientists whose work has advanced chemistry, that we do not list, please inform us via our comments form Alder, Kurt US @ St. Andrews UK Anfinsen, Christian B Arrhenius, Svante August Arrhenius, Svante August Arrhenius, Svante August IL Arrhenius, Svante August Arfwedson, Johan August Astbury, William T. @ Leeds UK Aston, Francis William Avogadro, Lorenzo Romano AMADEO Carlo, comte de Quaregna et de Ceretto Avogadro, Amedeo @ Heriot Watt UK Avogadro, Amedeo FR Avogadro, Amadeo @ Torino IT Avogadro, Amadeo US Baekeland, Leo Hendrik @ Time Magazine US von Baeyer, Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf Barton, Sir Derek Harold Richard Balmer, Johann Jakob @ St Andrews UK Beckman, Arnold Orville IL Beer, August Bequerel, Henri Antoine Bequerel, Henri Antoine

22. Hargobind Khorana One of the principal scientists of this era is Dr. har gobind khorana. He sharedthe nobel Prize for Medicine and Physiology in 1968 with Marshall Nirenberg http://www.iasf.org/hargobin.htm

(contributed by Vijay Varma) The pace of progress in molecular biology is such that the 60s are now considered a classical period in the history of this rapidly changing and growing field. One of the principal scientists of this era is Dr. Har Gobind Khorana. He shared the Nobel Prize for Medicine and Physiology in 1968 with Marshall Nirenberg and Robert Holley for cracking the genetic code. (The Nobel lecture was delivered on December 12, 1968) They established that this mother of all codes, the biological language common to all living organisms, is spelled out in three-letter words: each set of three nucleotides codes for a specific amino acid. Dr. Khorana is also the first to synthesize oligonucleotides, that is, strings of nucleotides. These custom designed pieces of artificial genes are widely used in biology labs for sequencing, cloning and engineering new plants and animals. The oligonucleotides, thus, have become indispensible tools in biotechnology. Spurred by this demand, Dr. Khorana's invention has become mechanized and commercialized to such an extent that now one can fax a genetic sequence of choice to one of many mail order companies, and the synthetic gene is shipped in return mail.

23. ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF NOBEL PRIZE LAUREATES IN PHYSIOLOGY AND MEDICINE FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE; ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF nobel PRIZE LAUREATES IN PHYSIOLOGYAND MEDICINE, Name, Year Awarded. khorana, har gobind, 1968. Koch, Robert, 1905. http://www.bioscience.org/urllists/nobelm.htm

FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE; ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF NOBEL PRIZE LAUREATES IN PHYSIOLOGY AND MEDICINE Name Year Awarded Adrian, Lord Edgar Douglas Arber, Werner Axelrod, Julius Baltimore, David ... Zinkernagel, Rolf M.

24. ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF NOBEL PRIZE LAUREATES IN CHEMISTRY Zsigmondy, Richard Adolf, 1925. ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF nobel PRIZE LAUREATES INPHYSIOLOGY AND MEDICINE. Kendall, Edward Calvin, 1950. khorana, har gobind, 1968. http://www.bioscience.org/urllists/nobelc.htm

FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE; ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF NOBEL PRIZE LAUREATES IN CHEMISTRY, PHYSIOLOGY AND MEDICINE ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF NOBEL PRIZE LAUREATES IN CHEMISTRY Name Year Awarded Alder, Kurt Altman, Sidney Anfinsen, Christian B. Arrhenius, Svante August ... Zsigmondy, Richard Adolf ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF NOBEL PRIZE LAUREATES IN PHYSIOLOGY AND MEDICINE Name Year Awarded Adrian, Lord Edgar Douglas Arber, Werner Axelrod, Julius Baltimore, David ... Zinkernagel, Rolf M. Source: The Nobel Prize Internet Archive

25. Chemistry Khorana, Har Gobind Khorana, Har Gobind (January 9, har gobind khorana is a noted Indianborn American biochemist who along with MarshallW. Nirenberg and Robert W. Holley, both American, was awarded the nobel http://www.upei.ca/~xliu/multi-culture/khor.htm

Chemistry Khorana, Har Gobind Khorana, Har Gobind (January 9, 1922 - ; India) Har Gobind Khorana is a noted Indian-born American biochemist who along with Marshall W. Nirenberg and Robert W. Holley, both American, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1968 for their research which showed that the synthesis of proteins was actually controlled by the genetic components of the cell's nucleus. Born in Raipur, India, Khorana received his formal education through government scholarships first at Punjab University at Lahore and then at the University of Liverpool where in 1948 Khorana received his Ph.D. Following the completion of his education, Khorana held both fellowships and professorships at such institutions as the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Switzerland as well as at the University of British Columbia in Canada and the University of Wisconsin in the United States from 1952-1959. It was during one of his fellowships at the University of Cambridge in 1951, that Khorana began his research on nucleic acids under Sir Alexander Todd. During the early part of the 1960's, Khorana was able to synthesize the already known structure of nucleic acid molecules. These synthesized nucleic acids were then able to synthesize proteins just as if they were in the cell. From his research, Khorana was able to determine what parts of the nucleic acid were responsible for codes for protein synthesis. In 1970, Khorana was the first to synthesize a copy of the yeast gene (Britannica, 6:840, 1994 and Barba p. 65, 1995).

26. Creative Technology Contributions & Links har gobind khorana is a noted Indianborn American biochemist who along with MarshallW. Nirenberg and Robert W. Holley, both Americans, was awarded the nobel http://www.colorado.edu/che/chen1000/khorana.html

Creative Contribution For my creative contribution I wanted to do a biography on Har Gobind Khorana who we read about in our book "Biotechnology Unzipped." We know that entire genetic materiel is contained in DNA. Experiments had shown that genes govern protein structure. However, it was still a wonder as to how this complexity is conveyed in just a few 'alphabets'. In other words, the genetic code had not yet been broken! Har Gobind Khorana is a noted Indian-born American biochemist who along with Marshall W. Nirenberg and Robert W. Holley, both Americans, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1968 for their research which showed that the synthesis of proteins was actually controlled by the genetic components of the cell's nucleus. Dr. Khorana and his team had established that the mother of all codes, the biological language common to all living organisms, is spelled out in three-letter words: each set of three nucleotides codes for a specific amino acid, in their Nobel lecture delivered on December 12,1968. Dr. Khorana is also the first to synthesize oligonucleotides, strings of nucleotides. These custom designed pieces of artificial genes are widely used in biology labs for sequencing, cloning and engineering new plants and animals. The oligonucleotides, thus, have become indispensable tools in biotechnology. Spurred by this demand, Dr. Khorana's invention has become mechanized and commercialized to such an extent that now someone can fax a genetic sequence of choice to one of many mail order companies, and the synthetic gene is shipped in return mail.

27. Microbial Geneticists Salvador Luria; nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 1968 RobertHolley, har gobind khorana, and Marshall Nirenberg; nobel Prize http://www.sci.sdsu.edu/~smaloy/MicrobialGenetics/scientists.html

Some Influential Microbial Geneticists (and some other scientists who had an impact on this field) The Phage Group The Nobel Prize Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 1958 George Beadle, Edward Tatum, and Joshua Lederberg Severo Ochoa and Arthur Kornberg Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 1962 Francis Crick, James Watson, and Maurice Wilkins Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 1965 Francois Jacob, Andre Lwoff, and Jacques Monod Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 1969 Max Delbruck, Alfred Hershey, and Salvador Luria Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 1968 Robert Holley, Har Gobind Khorana, and Marshall Nirenberg Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 1978 Werner Arber, Daniel Nathans, and Ham Smith Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 1980 Paul Berg, Wally Gilbert, and Fred Sanger Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 1983 Barbara McClintock Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 1993 Kary Mullis and Michael Smith Oswald Avery - DNA is the genetic material Jon Beckwith - E. coli genetics Francis Crick - DNA is a double helix Milslav Demerec - Salmonella genetics Rosalind Franklin - X-ray crystallography of DNA Felix D'Herelle - Discovery of bacteriophage Stanley Falkow - Pathogenic microbiology Lee Hartwell - Genetic dissection of the yeast cell cycle William Hayes - Bacterial conjugation Ira Herskowitz - Yeast genetics and phage genetics in his earlier life (check out the following link for a picture of his other talents Martha Howe - Phage Mu Richard Losick - Bacterial development Boris Magasanik - Microbial physiology

28. ISA Connections - Nobel Laureates Indian nobel Laureates. Rabindranath Tagore (1913 Literature); SirCV Raman (1930 Physics); har gobind khorana (1968 Medicine); Mother http://students.cs.twsu.edu/~isa/navsatsite/links/nobellinks.html

Indian Nobel Laureates Rabindranath Tagore (1913 Literature) Sir C.V. Raman (1930 Physics) Har Gobind Khorana (1968 Medicine) Mother Theresa (1979 Peace) ... Amartya Sen (1998 Economics) ISA Links View all our links Academic Links Our alma mater Wichita Sights ... Other ISA's Conceived and developed by Naveen Bangalore and Satya Seethasridhar

29. The Scientist - Letter: Khorana's Achievement First, har gobind khorana synthesized the DNA coding for the alanine tRNA. this isnot the accomplishment for which khorana was awarded the nobel Prize http://www.the-scientist.com/yr1990/apr/let2_900430.html

The Scientist 4[9]:18, Apr. 30, 1990 Letter Letter: Khorana's Achievement By Janardan P. Pandey In describing the "Origins of DNA Synthesis" ( The Scientist , March 19, 1990, page 30), Carole F. Gan writes: "In 1968, Har Goribind [sic] Khorana and his colleagues at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, were the first to succeed in chemically synthesizing a polynucleotide, the transfer RNA (tRNA) for alanine. Although this was indeed a historic achievement - one that won Khorana the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine - there were no known biological applications for the technique at the time." I would like to correct two items in this description. First, Har Gobind Khorana synthesized the DNA coding for the alanine tRNA. Second, although, as Gan states, this was a historic achievement, this is not the accomplishment for which Khorana was awarded the Nobel Prize. He received the Nobel Prize for his work on the genetic code before he synthesized the gene for alanine tRNA. JANARDAN P. PANDEY

30. Med.E.Mail Volume 10 All of the nobel laureates attending have a Canadian connection John Polanyi,Bertram Brockhouse, har gobind khorana, Andrew Schally, David Hubel, Sidney http://www.library.utoronto.ca/medicine/medemail/vol10/10number7.html

Faculty of Medicine News Med.E.Mail Volume 10 In This Issue: * NOBEL PRIZE CENTENNIAL LECTURES: A CANADA-SWEDEN CELEBRATION * HONOURS AND AWARDS * APPOINTMENTS * PHYSICIANS' SERVICES INCORPORATED (PSI) FOUNDATION GRANTS * TRI-UNIVERSITY RESEARCH DAY IN GERIATRIC MEDICINE * OMEN EDUCATION GRAND ROUNDS * BROWN BAG ETHICS DISCUSSION - CAMH * BROWN BAG ETHICS DISCUSSION - MSB * LINKS TO OTHER NEWSLETTERS NOBEL PRIZE CENTENNIAL LECTURES: A CANADA-SWEDEN CELEBRATION On November 16, the UofT, with the assistance of the Embassy of Sweden in Canada, is hosting the "Nobel Prize Centennial Lectures: A Canada-Sweden Celebration". All of the Nobel laureates attending have a Canadian connection - John Polanyi, Bertram Brockhouse, Har Gobind Khorana, Andrew Schally, David Hubel, Sidney Altman and James Orbinski. The format for the day will include individual lectures and a roundtable discussion on the topic, "Research and Society in the 21st Century". The lectures and roundtable will be held in Convocation Hall, 27 King's College Circle. Admission to the lectures and roundtable is free but tickets are required. Tickets are available between 9:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m., on a first-come, first-served basis, at the Nona Macdonald Visitors Centre (25 King's College Circle). For further information, contact Georgina Gray (Director of University Events and Presidential Liaison - Advancement) at 946-5848 (voice) or

31. Vandemataram.com - Did-U-Know ? Venkata Raman nobel Prize for Physics 1930. har gobind khorana nobel Prize for Physiologyor Medicine 1968 (Shared with Robert W.Holley and Marshal W.Nirenberg). http://www.vandemataram.com/html/diduknow/noble.htm

Home Mail Chat News ... V-Store Channels Ancient Bharat Medieval Bharat Modern Bharat Hindu Science Tribals Festivals Om Dharma Gandhian Thoughts Costumes Ayurveda Hindu Contributions Rasoi Gayatri Mantra Bhagavad Gita Ramayana Mahabharat Vandemataram Services V-Greetings Speak Out Vande Stories Vande Poem Did- U- Know Discussion Hindu Astrology Bharat Ek Quiz Vande Relief Nobel Laureates Rabindranath Tagore Nobel Prize for Literature, 1913. Venkata Raman Nobel Prize for Physics 1930 Har Gobind Khorana Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine 1968 (Shared with Robert W.Holley and Marshal W.Nirenberg) Subrahmanyan Chandrashekhar Nobel Prize for Physics, 1983 (Shared with William A.Flower) Dr. Amartya Sen Nobel Prize for Economics 1998 Mathematics Engineering Medicine Astronomy ... Hindu Lifestyle

32. NRI Nobel Laureates har gobind khorana Born January 9, 1922 - Raipur, India Indian-born Americanbiochemist who shared the nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1968 with http://www.spindlepub.com/india/nobel.htm

Handbook for Asian Indians 1997-1998 Heritage Edition India: Fact Book for Children NRI Nobel Laureates Har Gobind Khorana Born January 9, 1922 - Raipur, India Indian-born American biochemist who shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1968 with Marshal W. Nirenberg and Robert W. Holley for research that helped to show how the genetic components of the cell nucleus control the synthesis of proteins. Khorana was born into a poor family and attended Punjab University at Lahore and University of Liverpool, England, on government scholarships. He obtained his Ph.D. at Liverpool in 1948. In 1971, he joined the faculty of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar Born October 19, 1910 - Lahore, India (now part of Pakistan) Indian-born American astrophysicist who, with William A. Fowler, won the 1983 Nobel Prize for Physics by formulating the currently accepted theory on the later evolutionary stages of massive stars. Chandrasekhar joined the staff of the University of Chicago in 1938 and became a U.S. citizen in 1953. Besides doing work on energy transfer by radiation in stellar atmospheres and convention on the solar surface, he also attempted to develop the mathematical theory of black holes. Three Indian citizens have won the Nobel Prize: Rabindranath Tagore (1913 - Literature) for his work titled “Gitanjali”;

33. Adventures In Science And Technology - Michael Smith, Biochemist to Vancouver BC where he found his mentor har gobind khorana. It was in gobind khorana'slab that Michael Smith began when he was awarded the nobel Prize in http://collections.ic.gc.ca/science/english/chem/smith.html

Born in Blackpool, England on April 26, 1932, Michael Smith struggled through hard times when he was a young child to become the successful scientist he is today. When he was seven years old, the Second World War began, causing great hardships in England. At eleven years of age, he received a scholarship that allowed him to continue his education up to the university level. He found school difficult, and many of his happiest times during his school years were spent with the Boy Scouts, an organization he is still involved with today. He attended Manchester University in Manchester, England where he took both an honours degree and his Ph.D. in Chemistry. After finishing those degrees, he wanted to go to North America to study more. He moved to Vancouver B.C. where he found his mentor Har Gobind Khorana. Gobind Khorana was a molecular biologist studying molecules that are important to research into genetics . It was in Gobind Khorana's lab that Michael Smith began learning the chemistry that would form the basis of his future research. Michael Smith was especially happy in Vancouver because of the natural, unspoiled beauty of the land in British Columbia. After completing his education, Michael Smith worked at the Fisheries Research Board of Canada Laboratory. Though the work he was doing there was not related to genetics, Michael Smith continued his research into that subject on the side. In 1966 he became a professor of biochemistry at the University of British Columbia. Undoubtedly, his greatest accomplishment in the field of chemistry came in 1993 when he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for discovering a process called site-directed mutagenesis. This is very important for molecular biology; it is a process for making a

34. Aventures En Science Et Technologie - Michael Smith, Biochimiste Translate this page Quand il a enfin trouvé un mentor, har gobind khorana, un biologiste C'est sous letutorat de gobind khorana que Michael il a gagné le prix nobel en chimie. http://collections.ic.gc.ca/science/francais/chem/smith.html

Science World Prix Michael Smith pour la promotion de sciences Tu peux en apprendre plus sur Michael Smith ici La physique La chimie La biologie ... L'informatique Produit par Galactics Commentaires: galactics@spacesim.org

35. Har Gobind Khorana: Awards Won By Har Gobind Khorana 123Awards hardwork is paid in form of awards. Awards of har gobind khorana.OTHERnobel, 1968, MEDICINE. Enter Artist/Album. Partner Sites. Stardose.com. http://www.123awards.com/artist/1471.asp

hardwork is paid in form of awards Awards of Har Gobind Khorana OTHER-NOBEL MEDICINE Enter Artist/Album Partner Sites Stardose.com RealLyrics.com OnlyHitLyrics.com Biography Search Engine ... privacy

36. Schoolsahead.com - The Complete Learning Portal har gobind khorana attended DAV High School in Multan (now West Punjab); RatanLal, one of his He was awarded the nobel Prize for medicine in 1968 for the http://www.schoolsahead.com/sscan/govind.html

Campus Matters Schools Ahead Women Excel ZCA ... Tips Har Gobind Khorana The Genetic Code Interpreter Did you know it was Har Gobind Khorana, who gave us the Genetic code interpretation? Har Gobind Khorana was born in Raipur, a little village in Punjab, which is now part of West Pakistan. He is the youngest child in his family. His family was practically the only literate one in the village inhabited by about 100 people. Har Gobind Khorana attended D.A.V. High School in Multan (now West Punjab); Ratan Lal, one of his teachers, influenced him greatly during his early childhood. Later, he studied at the Punjab University in Lahore, where he obtained a M. Sc. degree. He secured a Ph. D. degree from the University of Liverpool, in the year 1945. He was introduced to the Western civilization and culture, while he studied at the Liverpool University. He was greatly influenced by Prof. Vladimir Prelog, while he was studying for an advanced course at Zurich. He went on to become the citizen of the United States of America. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for medicine in 1968 for the interpretation of the genetic code.

37. SiteHawk Extended Edition. Elman Technology Law, P.C. * Patent, Trademark, Copyr Winner of the 1968 nobel Prize in Medicine, har gobind khorana, a nobel PrizeLaureate in Physiology and Medicine, at the nobel Prize Internet Archive . http://www.gtlinc.com/sitehawk/sites/elman.com/indexmp/h.html

Extended Edition 347 pages Mon Dec 2 00:57:07 EST 2002 Today This Week This Month A ... Har Gobind Khorana Winner of the 1968 Nobel Prize in Medicine Har Gobind Khorana, a Nobel Prize Laureate in Physiology and Medicine, at the Nobel Prize Internet Archive.... hchero hchero offered an item eBay auction by hchero hchero offered an item for sale 8/26/99 bidding started at 5,000 9/2/99 reached ,750,000 Then eBay pulled the plug. Why? Previous slide Next slide Back to... higher animal pfound not unpatentable 1987 - Ex parte Allen higher animal pfound not unpatentable subject matter by PTO Board of Appeals polyploid oyster produced with human intervention April 7, 1987 - Commissioner of Patents... Historical Perspective . . . Slide 4 of 45... Home Page of UNCITRAL Home Page of UNCITRAL... Honeywell AlliedSignal and Honeywell have merged to form a powerful new company called Honeywell. We're excited about our future, and invite you to learn more about us. Here's our new web... http://www.ebay.com/ Previous slide Next slide eBay http://www.ebay.com/ Previous slide Next slide Back to first slide View graphic version... http://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/pac/mpep/21.txt

38. ONR-Supported Nobel Laureates All ONR Sponsored nobel Laureates. har gobind khorana - (Medicine, 1968)For devising methods for the synthesis of well-defined nucleic acids. http://www.onr.navy.mil/events/nobels/default.htm

ONR-Supported Nobel Laureates ONR is pleased to recognize the achievements of 3 more ONR-sponsored Nobel Laureates "for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates." Eric Cornell (JILA and NIST) Carl Wieman (JILA and University of Colorado) Wolfgang Ketterle (MIT) View a video-interview with Wolfgang Ketterle (you may need Windows Media Player to view) Transcript of video View a list of all 2001 Nobel Prize winners All ONR- Sponsored Nobel Laureates Felix Bloch - (Physics, 1952) For developing techniques of magnetic measurement in atomic nuclei. General Applications: Magnetic resonance imagery Naval Applications: Naval medicine; nondestructive inspection Linus Pauling - (Chemistry, 1954) For research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the elucidation of the structure of complex substances. General Applications: Modern physical chemistry; modern biochemistry

39. Search Results For James W. Marshall - Encyclopædia Britannica - The Online Enc The nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1968 The nobel Foundation Biographiesof Robert W. Holley, har gobind khorana, and Marshall W. Nirenberg. http://search.britannica.com/search?query=James W. Marshall

40. The Star Archive - Har Gobind Khorana Listing last updated on October 31st, 2002, AD har gobind khorana. (nobel med.laureate 1969 genetic code). 39 Amherst Rd. Belmont, MA. 021782102 USA. http://www.stararchive.com/starc2000/sl/34497.html

More Autographs Links Add Information Link to this Page Print Listing last updated on October 31st, 2002 AD: Har Gobind Khorana nobel med. laureate 1969 genetic code 39 Amherst Rd. Belmont, MA. 02178-2102 USA Link to this page! This listing has been last updated on October 31st, 2002

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