21. Ernest O. Lawrence, Norwegian American ernest orlando lawrence The nobel Foundation 1939 nobel Prize for Physics ernest O. lawrence University of California at Berkeley. http://www.mnc.net/norway/lawrence.htm

Norwegian American Physicist / Inventor Pictured with the cyclotron, invented by him. Ernest Orlando Lawrence The Nobel Foundation 1939 Nobel Prize for Physics - Ernest O. Lawrence University of California at Berkeley E.O. Lawrence: Physicist, Engineer, Statesman of Science U.S. Department of Energy Ernest Orlando Lawrence: Method and Apparatus for the Acceleration of Ions National Inventors Hall of Fame Figures in Radiation History (Ernest O. Lawrence) Michigan State University People and Discoveries: Lawrence Invents the Cyclotron, 1931 WGBS (Public Television) Ernest O. Lawrence (1901-1958) Atomic Archive To return to the main page, click below:

22. Ernest Orlando Lawrence (1901-1958) ernest orlando lawrence (19011958). ernest lawrence received the American Medalof Merit, the Physics nobel Prize in 1939 and Fermi Award in 1957. http://nautilus.fis.uc.pt/st2.5/scenes-e/biog/b0053.html

Ernest Orlando Lawrence (1901-1958) American physicist, was born in August 8th 1901, in Canton, and died in Palo Alto, California, in August 27th 1958. Studied in St. Olaf College, in the University of Minnesota, in the University of Chicago and in the University of Yale. In 1928, entered the University of California as Associate Professor of Physics. In 1930, was appointed professor and in 1936 became director of the Radiation Laboratory of the University of California at Berkeley. This institution, now called Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, became an important research center of Nuclear and Particle Physics. Lawrence is known for his development of the cyclotron, an instrument that accelerates charged atoms at high-speed, to accomplish nuclear transmutations. With his coworker Milton Livingston, Lawrence built the first cyclotron in 1930, although he had already proposed the idea in an article two years before. The cyclotron is one of the main instruments for studying atomic nuclei and elementary particles. Ernest Lawrence received the American Medal of Merit, the Physics Nobel Prize in 1939 and Fermi Award in 1957.

23. Ernest Orlando Lawrence (1901-1958) Translate this page elementares. ernest lawrence recebeu a Medalha de Mérito Americana,o Prémio nobel de Física em 1939 eo Prémio Fermi em 1957. http://nautilus.fis.uc.pt/st2.5/scenes-p/biog/b0053.html

Físico americano nascido a 8 de Agosto de 1901, em Canton e falecido em Palo Alto, Califórnia, a 27 de Agosto de 1958. Estudou no St. Olaf College, na Universidade de Minnesota, na Universidade de Chicago e na Universidade de Yale. Em 1928 entrou na Universidade da Califórnia como Professor associado de Física. Em 1930 foi nomeado Professor catedrático e em 1936 tornou-se director do Laboratório de Radiação da Universidade em Berkeley. Esta instituição, agora denominada Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, tornou-se num importante centro de investigação de Física nuclear e de Física de altas-energias. Lawrence é conhecido por ter desenvolvido o ciclotrão, um instrumento que acelera átomos carregados a altas velocidades, por forma a conseguir transmutações nucleares. Com o seu colaborador Milton Livingston, Lawrence construiu o primeiro ciclotrão em 1930, embora já tivesse proposto a ideia num artigo dois anos antes. O ciclotrão e as suas formas mais avançadas são os principais instrumentos para a investigação do núcleo atómico e das partículas elementares. Ernest Lawrence recebeu a Medalha de Mérito Americana, o Prémio Nobel de Física em 1939 e o Prémio Fermi em 1957.

24. Lawrence, Ernest Orlando lawrence, ernest orlando 190158, American physicist, b. Canton, S.Dak., grad. Univ. inatomic structure and transmutation he received the 1939 nobel Prize in http://www.slider.com/enc/30000/Lawrence_Ernest_Orlando.htm

Home Encyclopeadia L Lar - Lav ... Rope Ladders Slider Search: The Web Encyclopaedia Shopping Index Help Encyclopaedia Lawrence, Ernest Orlando 1901-58, American physicist, b. Canton, S.Dak., grad. Univ. of South Dakota, 1922, Ph.D. Yale, 1925. Affiliated with the Univ. of California from 1928, he became professor in 1930 and director of the radiation laboratory in 1936. For his invention (1930) and development of the cyclotron (see particle accelerator ) and his researches in atomic structure and transmutation he received the 1939 Nobel Prize in Physics. With the cyclotron he produced artificially radioactive elements and neutrons useful in nuclear, chemical, and biological research. Add URL Advertise Contact Us particle accelerator

25. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Biography ernest orlando lawrence was born on 8th August, 1901, at Canton lawrence marriedMary Kimberly Blumer, daughter of the From nobel Lectures, Physics 19221941. http://www.physics.rutgers.edu/~koeth/cyclotron/eolbio.html

EOL BIGRAPHY During World War II he made vital contributions to the development of the atomic bomb, holding several official appointments in the project. After the war he played a part in the attempt to obtain international agreement on the suspension of atomic-bomb testing, being a member of the U.S. delegation at the 1958 Geneva Conference on this subject. From Nobel Lectures, Physics 1922-1941. EOL and M. Stanely Livingston standing next to the Berkley 27-inch cyclotron. (M. is for Milton) EOL at the controls of the 184-Inch cyclotron at Berkley with J. Robert Oppenheimer (Left) and Glenn T. Seaborg looking on.

26. News Briefs - Energy Science News 01-02 ernest orlando lawrence was the founder of lawrence Berkeley and lawrence Livermorenational laboratories and the winner of the 1939 nobel Prize for Physics http://www.pnl.gov/energyscience/01-02/brf.htm

This issue... News in Brief 11 Physics Questions for the New Century View from the Inside Better Airport Security ... Subscribe Free This issue... News in Brief 11 Physics Questions for the New Century View from the Inside Better Airport Security ... Subscribe Free This issue... News in Brief 11 Physics Questions for the New Century View from the Inside Better Airport Security ... Subscribe Free This issue... News in Brief 11 Physics Questions for the New Century View from the Inside Better Airport Security ... Subscribe Free News in Brief T he Legacy of Enrico Fermi in America Approximately 250 people attended an event in November 2001 at the Italian Embassy in Washington, D.C., in celebration of the centennial of Enrico Fermi's birth on September 29, 1901. Enrico Fermi "Fermi was a physicist's physicist whose legacy was one of style as well of substance—a style so attractive and so productive for science that it became substantive in itself," said President Bush's Science Advisor John Marburger in his Fermi Centennial Celebration speech. Marburger's speech was part of a symposium entitled "The Legacy of Enrico Fermi in America: Science, Energy, and International Collaboration."

27. Lawrence And The Bomb - Ernest Lawrence And The Cyclotron: AIP History Center We McMillan and Seaborg would share the nobel Prize for chemistry in 1951 Taylor Comptonand Alfred Loomis Left to right ernest orlando lawrence, Arthur Holly http://www.aip.org/history/lawrence/bomb.htm

Oppenheimer, Fermi, and Lawrence. A few months before the Second World War started in Europe, the physics world was shaken by a discovery that would change Ernest Lawrence’s life. German scientists reported that the uranium nucleus, when hit by a neutron, splits into two smaller nuclei nuclear fission. Unlike the earlier splitting off of small pieces of atoms, fission released some of the huge store of energy bound in the nucleus. When the news reached the United States, staff in Lawrence’s Radiation Laboratory bombarded uranium with neutrons and confirmed that they had missed another major discovery. Like many physicists, Lawrence sensed the tremendous possibilities of a nuclear chain reaction. “We are trying to find out whether neutrons are generally given off in the splitting of uranium; and if so, prospects for useful nuclear energy become very real!” Lawrence to John Cockcroft; February 9, 1939

28. Ernest O. Lawrence The nobel Prize in Physics 1939. ernest orlando lawrence. USA. University of CaliforniaBerkeley, CA, USA. 1901 1958. ernest orlando lawrence. Group Leader. http://www.childrenofthemanhattanproject.org/HF/Biographies - Men/lawrence.htm

Manhattan Project Hall of Fame The Nobel Prize in Physics 1939 "for the invention and development of the cyclotron and for results obtained with it, especially with regard to artificial radioactive elements" Ernest Orlando Lawrence USA University of California Berkeley, CA, USA ERNEST ORLANDO LAWRENCE Group Leader Project "Y" Ernest Orlando Lawrence was born on 8th August, 1901, at Canton, South Dakota (United States). His parents, Carl Gustavus and Gunda (née Jacobson) Lawrence, were the children of Norwegian immigrants, his father being a Superintendant of Schools. His early education was at Canton High School, then St. Olaf College. In 1919 he went to the University of South Dakota , receiving his B.A. in Chemistry in 1922. The following year he received his M.A. from the University of Minnesota . He spent a year at Chicago University doing physics and was awarded his Ph.D. from Yale University in 1925. He continued at Yale for a further three years, the first two as a National Research Fellow and the third as Assistant Professor of Physics. In 1928 he was appointed Associate Professor of Physics at the University of California , Berkeley, and two years later he became Professor, being the youngest professor at Berkeley. In 1936 he became Director of the University's Radiation Laboratory as well, remaining in these posts until his death.

29. Invent Now | Hall Of Fame | Search | Inventor Profile Cyclotron Patent Number(s) 1,948,384 Inducted 1982 ernest orlando lawrence inventedthe In 1939 lawrence was rewarded for his work with the nobel Prize in http://www.invent.org/hall_of_fame/1_1_6_detail.asp?vInventorID=93

30. Lawrence Centenary A century ago ernest orlando lawrence, one of the great pioneers of particle accelerators,was born In 1939, lawrence was awarded the nobel prize for http://hepweb.rl.ac.uk/ppUKpics/POW/pr_010815.html

Picture Database Classic images from the world of particle physics featuring discoveries, people, experiments, or images that are simply good to look at. A simple explanation accompanies them. There is also an archive 15 August 2001 Ernest Orlando Lawrence A century ago Ernest Orlando Lawrence , one of the great pioneers of particle accelerators , was born on 8 August 1901. He died almost exactly 57 years later on 27 August 1958. Lawrence invented the concept of the circular particle accelerator in 1929 after reading Rolf Wideroe's account of acceleration in a linear device. By January 1931, together with his student Stanley Livingston, he had built his first successful cyclotron - a device only 5 inches in diameter that reached 80,000 electron volts (80 keV). And in August that year , the University of California gave him the former Civil Engineering Test Facility on the Berkeley campus to house a huge magnet he had aquired to convert for use in a much bigger cyclotron. The old "Radiation Laboratory" was the origin of what is now the large laboratory that bears Lawrence's name - the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory . In 1939, Lawrence was awarded the

31. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Translate this page ernest orlando lawrence. Canton (Sud Dakota) 8.8.1901 - Palo Alto 27.8.1958.Fisico, nel a colori. Premio nobel per la fisica nel 1938. http://www2.enel.it/home/enelandia/storia_nj/person/lawrence.htm

32. Glenn Theodore Seaborg Educators, from the Courtesy ernest orlando lawrence Berkeley National Cyclotron the story of ernest lawrence, friend and biography from the nobel e-Museum. http://www.chemheritage.org/EducationalServices/chemach/ans/gts.html

Glenn Theodore Seaborg (1912–1999) was involved in identifying nine transuranium elements (94 through 102), and he served as chairman of the United States Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) from 1961 to 1971. In 1951 he shared the Nobel Prize in chemistry with the physicist Edwin M. McMillan. Born in Michigan, Seaborg earned his bachelor's degree at the University of California at Los Angeles and his doctorate in chemistry from the University of California at Berkeley. He then served as research assistant to G. N. Lewis and eventually became chancellor of the university. He worked away from Berkeley during two significant periods: once to participate in the Manhattan Project at the University of Chicago from 1942 to 1946 and then again to chair the AEC—from which he returned to Berkeley. In 1940 Edwin McMillan, assisted by Philip Abelson (later editor of Science magazine), confirmed and elucidated the phenomenon of nuclear fission announced by Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann in 1939. Specifically, he identified element 93, neptunium, among the fission products of uranium that was bombarded with neutrons produced from deuterons using the small (27-inch) cyclotron at Berkeley. McMillan also predicted the existence of element 94, plutonium, which he expected to find among the products of uranium under direct deuteron bombardment. McMillan, however, was suddenly called away to do war work and eventually joined the program at Los Alamos to build nuclear bombs. After World War II, his scientific reputation was enhanced by his critical contributions to the theory of particle accelerators.

33. University Of Chicago News: Nobel Laureates , ernest orlando lawrence (X ’23), Predoctoral candidate in physics,192324; D.Sc. (honorary), 1941 nobel Prize in Physics 1939. http://www-news.uchicago.edu/resources/alumni/nobel-alumni.html

University of Chicago News Resources University of Chicago Alumni Nobel Laureates Luis W. Alvarez S.B., 1932; S.M., 1934; Ph.D., 1936; D.Sc. (honorary), 1967 Nobel Prize in Physics 1968 For his decisive contributions to elementary particle physics, in particular the discovery of a large number of resonance states, made possible through his development of the technique of using hydrogen bubble chamber and data analysis Gary S. Becker University Professor in the Departments of Economics and Sociology ; 1970-present; Editor, Journal of Political Economy; A.M., 1953; Ph.D., 1955 The Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences 1992 Saul Bellow Attended the College , Autumn 1933-Winter 1935; graduate student in Social Sciences Raymond W. and Martha Hilpert Gruner Distinguished Service Professor in the Committee on Social Thought and in the Department of English The Nobel Prize in Literature 1976 Herbert C. Brown S.B., 1936; Ph.D., 1938; D. Sc. (honorary), 1968 Assistant in the Department of Chemistry Eli Lilly Doctoral Fellow, 1938-39; Instructor in the Department of Chemistry The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1979 with Georg Wittig James M. Buchanan Jr.

34. Pictures Gallery Of The Nobel Prize Winners In Physics Translate this page The nobel Prize in Physics. 1998. Robert B. Laughlin Horst L. Störmer Daniel C.Tsui 1997. None 1940. None 1939. ernest orlando lawrence 1938. Enrico Fermi 1937. http://www.th.physik.uni-frankfurt.de/~jr/physpicnobel.html

The Nobel Prize in Physics Robert B. Laughlin Daniel C. Tsui Steven Chu ... Hannes Olof Gosta Alfven Louis Eugene Felix Neel Murray Gell-Mann Luis Walter Alvarez Hans Albrecht Bethe Alfred Kastler Richard Phillips Feynman Julian Seymour Schwinger Sin-Itiro Tomonaga Nikolai Gennadievich Basov Alexander Mikhailovich Prokhorov Charles Hard Townes Johannes Hans Daniel Jensen Maria Goeppert-Mayer ... Sir Edward Victor Appleton Percy Williams Bridgman Wolfgang Ernst Pauli Isidor Isaac Rabi Otto Stern None None None Ernest Orlando Lawrence Enrico Fermi Clinton Joseph Davisson Sir George Paget Thomson ... Sir James Chadwick None Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac Werner Karl Heisenberg None Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman Prince Louis-Victor Pierre Raymond de Broglie Sir Owen Willans Richardson Arthur Holly Compton Charles Thomson Rees Wilson Jean Baptiste Perrin James Franck Gustav Ludwig Hertz Karl Manne Georg Siegbahn Robert Andrews Millikan ... Albert Einstein Charles Eduard Guillaume Johannes Stark Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck Charles Glover Barkla None Sir William Henry Bragg Sir William Lawrence Bragg Max Theodor Felix von Laue Heike Kamerlingh Onnes ... Guglielmo Marconi Gabriel Jonas Lippmann Albert Abraham Michelson Sir Joseph John Thomson Philipp Eduard Anton Lenard John William Strutt (Lord Rayleigh) ... Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen Donated by Christopher Walker, University of Ulster

35. Ernest Orlando Lawrence (1901-1958) Translate this page ernest orlando lawrence est l’inventeur du cyclotron (1931). Il reçutle Prix nobel de physique en 1939 pour cette invention. http://www.geocities.com/elementslourds/Lawrence.htm

Ernest Orlando Lawrence (1901-1958)

36. Inventor Of The Week: Archive in Physics from Yale University (1925), ernest orlando lawrence joined the lawrencehimself pioneered the use of radiation to He won the nobel Prize in Physics http://web.mit.edu/invent/iow/Lawrence.html

This Week Inventor Archive Inventor Search Inventor of the Week Archive Browse for a different Invention or Inventor Ernest Orlando Lawrence (1901-1958) The Cyclotron After earning a B.S. from his home state's University of South Dakota (1922) and a Ph.D. in Physics from Yale University (1925), Ernest Orlando Lawrence joined the Physics faculty at the University of California at Berkeley (1927). Here he soon invented one of the most essential apparatus of nuclear physics: the cyclotron (1931, patent #1,948,384). At that time, particle accelerators-devices used to shoot electrons, charged protons or ions at atomic nuclei-were linear: that is, the particles were shot at the target by a burst of static electricity along a straight path. Lawrence and others realized that they could give the particles muchgreater speed within a smaller space if they could build momentum by whirling them in a spiral before releasing them. Lawrence made this possible by inventing the "cyclotron." In this device, an electromagnetic field keeps a beam of charged atomic particles in orbit within a structure made of two opposed D-shapes, while a radio-frequency electric charge boosts the particles' speed each time they cross the gap between "dees." In this way, particles can be brought to very great speeds before they are released to collide with the target. By analyzing such collisions between charged particle and nucleus, scientists learn much about the structure and characteristics of atoms, and can even produce artificial radioactivity.

37. The Nobel Prize For Physics (1901-1998) to watch the nobel Foundation web site at http//www.nobel.se 1938 1935 Enrico FermiNew radioactive elements 1939 1929 ernest orlando lawrence Invention of http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/physics/Administrivia/nobel.html

[Physics FAQ] Updated October 1998 by Nathan Urban. Updated 1997,96 by PEG. Updated 1994 by SIC. Original by Scott I. Chase. The Nobel Prize for Physics (1901-1998) The following is a complete listing of Nobel Prize awards, from the first award in 1901. Prizes were not awarded in every year. The date in brackets is the approximate date of the work. The description following the names is an abbreviation of the official citation. The Physics prize is announced near the beginning of October each year. One of the quickest ways to get the announcement is to watch the Nobel Foundation web site at http://www.nobel.se

38. A Science Odyssey: People And Discoveries: Lawrence Invents The Cyclotron When ernest orlando lawrence (19011958) got his PhD in physics, the used for medicalpurposes, and lawrence won the nobel Prize in ernest lawrence died in 1958 http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/dp31cy.html

Lawrence invents the cyclotron Photo: Four-inch copper-encased cyclotron, one of Ernest Lawrence's ealiest models When Ernest Orlando Lawrence (1901-1958) got his PhD in physics, the hottest topic was bombarding the atom's nucleus to see what new particles it might produce. Ernest Rutherford had only recently shown that striking the atom of one element could make it emit electrons and turn into a different element. Lawrence joined the physics faculty of the University of California (Berkeley) in 1928 and got intrigued with this new physics. So far, people had used alpha particles (the product of natural radioactivity) and protons (hydrogen atoms, containing a positive charge of 1) to bombard other atoms. But they had about exhausted that field of research. To learn more, they needed an artificial way to accelerate these particles to greater energy. Several accelerators were invented to give the bombarding particle a huge "kick" of electric potential. But it seemed that you'd need a kick of about 1 million volts to get the required acceleration, and making a machine to withstand that power was nearly impossible. Around this time, Lawrence happened to read a German paper describing a linear accelerator that boosted a particle's energy in steps using alternating electric fields. This did increase the particle's speed but to really get it up to the desired energy, the accelerator would have had to be impractically long. Lawrence knew that a magnetic field would deflect the charged particles into a curved path. By making the particles go in a spiral, he could boost their energy bit by bit each time they circled an electrode. The circular machine could fit in one room. The particles would spiral outward as they gained more energy, and when they were moving fast enough, they'd shoot out of the device with amazing force into a collector.

39. Atomicarchive.comExplore The History, Science, And Consequences ernest orlando lawrence was born on August 8, 1901, in Canton, South Dakota. Forthis development, lawrence won the nobel Prize in Physics in 1939. http://www.atomicarchive.com/Bios/Lawrence.shtml

Search: Biographies Glossary Historical Documents Arms Control Treaties ... Web Links Ernest O. Lawrence Ernest Orlando Lawrence was born on August 8, 1901, in Canton, South Dakota. He was awarded his Ph.D. in physics from Yale University in 1925. In 1930 he was appointed Professor of Physics at the University of California, Berkeley. There he began working with J. Robert Oppenheimer. In 1936 he became Director of the University's Radiation Laboratory In 1929 he invented the cyclotron, a device for accelerating nuclear particles to very high velocities. Hundreds of radioactive isotopes of the known elements were also discovered. For this development, Lawrence won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1939. Lawrence was involved with the Manhattan Project from nearly the beginning. He was the program chief in charge of the electromagnetic separation work at Oak Ridge that provided the uranium 235 for the atomic bomb. After the war he played a part in the attempt to obtain international agreement on the suspension of atomic testing. In 1957, he was awarded the Enrico Fermi Award . Both the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory were named in his honor. He died on August 27, 1958, at Palo Alto, California. Element 103 was named lawrencium (Lr) in his honor.

40. Untitled ernest orlando lawrence. 27, 1958, Palo Alto, Calif.), American physicist, winnerof the 1939 nobel Prize for Physics for his invention of the cyclotron, the http://www.phy.bg.ac.yu/web_projects/giants/lawrence.html

Ernest Orlando Lawrence Click here for full size picture (b. Aug. 8, 1901, Canton, S.D., U.S.d. Aug. 27, 1958, Palo Alto, Calif.), American physicist, winner of the 1939 Nobel Prize for Physics for his invention of the cyclotron, the first particle accelerator to achieve high energies. Lawrence earned his Ph.D. at Yale University in 1925. An assistant professor of physics at Yale (1927-28), he went to the University of California, Berkeley, as an associate professor and became full professor in 1930. Lawrence first conceived the idea for the cyclotron in 1929. One of his students, M. Stanley Livingston, undertook the project and succeeded in building a device that accelerated hydrogen ions (protons) to an energy of 13,000 electron volts (eV). Lawrence then set out to build a second cyclotron; when completed, it accelerated protons to 1,200,000 eV, enough energy to cause nuclear disintegration. To continue the program, Lawrence built the Radiation Laboratory at Berkeley in 1936 and was made its director. One of Lawrence's cyclotrons produced technetium, the first element that does not occur in nature to be made artificially. His basic design was utilized in developing other particle accelerators, which have been largely responsible for the great advances made in the field of particle physics. With the cyclotron, he produced radioactive phosphorus and other isotopes for medical use, including radioactive iodine for the first therapeutic treatment of hyperthyroidism. In addition, he instituted the use of neutron beams in treating cancer.

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