21. Scientist Profile : Kary B. Mullis the nobel Prize in chemistry in 1993. mullis is currently doing HIV and AIDS research.Technique Polymerase Chain Reaction. Web Link Photo kary B. mullis http://hyperion.advanced.org/24355/data/details/profiles/mullis.html

Kary B. Mullis Hans Spemann Walter Sutton Oswald Avery Francis Crick ... Herbert Boyer Kary B. Mullis Steen Willadsen Ian Wilmut Keith Campbell Richard Seed The inventor of the DNA synthesis process known as the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR . The process is an invaluable tool to today's molecular biologists and biotechnology corporations. Mullis, born in Lenoir, North Carolina, attended the University of Georgia Tech for his undergraduate work in chemistry, and then obtained a Ph. D. in biochemistry from Cal Berkeley. In , working for Cetus Corporation , Mullis developed the Polymerase Chain Reaction, a technique for the rapid synthesis of a DNA sequence. The simple process involved heating a vial containing the DNA fragment to the split the two strands of the DNA molecule, adding oligonucleotide primers to bring about reproduction, and finally using polymerase to replicate the DNA strands. Each cycle doubles the amount of DNA, so multiple cycles increase the amount of DNA exponentially, creating huge numbers of copies of the DNA fragment.

22. Information On Dancing Naked In The Mind Field -- Kary B. Mullis kary B. mullis. Here are the outrageous ideas and extraordinary adventures ofthe world's most eccentric and outspoken nobel Prizewinning scientist. http://www.featuredbooks.com/mine_field.htm

Dancing Naked in the Mind Field Kary B. Mullis Here are the outrageous ideas and extraordinary adventures of the world's most eccentric and outspoken Nobel Prize-winning scientist. Awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1993, Kary Mullis has frequently been at odds with the scientific establishment. Legendary for his invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which redefined the world of DNA and genetics, Mullis is also an accomplished surfer, a veteran of Berkeley in the sixties, and perhaps the only Nobel laureate to describe a possible encounter with aliens. A scientist of boundless curiosity who refuses to accept any proposition based on secondhand or hearsay evidence, he is brilliant, funny, provocative, and charismatic. In Dancing Naked in the Mind Field Mullis writes with passion and humor about a wide range of subjects: from the scientific method to parapsychology, from poisonous spiders to the HIV virus and AIDS, from global warming to astrology, from the O. J. Simpson trial to how you can turn a light bulb on with your mind. A multidimensional playland of ideas, this book challenges us to question the authority of scientific dogma even as it reveals the workings of an uncannily original scientific Save up to - Order online from Amazon.com

23. HISTORIA kary B. mullis Una autobiografía de kary B.mullis. nobel e-Museum, The nobel Fundation. IdiomaInglés * * * * *; http://www.espanol.pcrlinks.com/generalidades/historia.htm

Inicio PCR Generalidades Variantes Agregar link Buscar ... Ayuda GENERALIDADES HISTORIA History of PCR Expone una breve biografía de Kary Mullis junto a una cronología sobre el descubrimiento de la PCR The Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology - The University of Sheffield Idioma Inglés KARY B. MULLIS Una autobiografía de Kary B. Mullis. Nobel e-Museum, The Nobel Fundation. Idioma Inglés Great Achievements in science / Kary Mullis Una reseña histórica sobre el descubrimiento de la técnica de PCR y su contribución a la biología molecular. Carolina Biological Supply Company. Idioma Inglés PCR Describe la historia del descubrimiento y aplicaciones de la PCR. MedicineNet, Inc.MedicineNet, Inc Idioma Inglés Polymerase Chain Reaction Detalla la historia, el mecanismo y las aplicaciones científicas de la PCR. Mark V. Bloomm, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Access Excellence. Idioma Inglés Kary B. Mullis / Process For Amplifying Nucleic Acid Sequences Un resumen sobre la biograf ía de Kary B. Mullis, la

24. Nobel Prize Winning Chemists nobel Prize Winning Chemists. 1992 1994 kary B. mullis. The nobelPrize In Chemistry 1993. kary B. mullis' father Cecil Banks mullis http://www.sanbenito.k12.tx.us/district/webpages2002/judymedrano/Nobel Winners/k

Nobel Prize Winning Chemists Kary B. Mullis The Nobel Prize In Chemistry 1993 Kary B. Mullis' father Cecil Banks Mullis and mother, formerly Bernice Alberta Barker grew up in rural North Carolina in the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains. His dad's family had a general store. He met Cynthia while he was in Kansas for three years. Cynthia encouraged him to write and she brought Christopher and Jeremy into the world. He left her when they were living in California in about 1981. He was working for Cetus, making oligonucleotides. One spring night while the California buckeyes were also in flower he came across the polymerase chain reaction. He was driving with Jennifer Barnett to a cabin he had been building in northern California. She and he had worked and lived together for two years. And then early in the Spring of 1997 there was Nancy, whom he married in San Francisco California on March 21, 1998 He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1993 "for his invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PRC) method".

25. Nobel nobelWinning Chemists. Kurt Alder. Sidney Altman. Stanford Moore. Robert SandersonMulliken. kary B. mullis. Giulio Natta. Walther Hermann Nernst. http://www.sanbenito.k12.tx.us/district/webpages2002/judymedrano/Nobel Winners/n

Nobel-Winning Chemists Kurt Alder Sidney Altman Christian B. Anfinsen Svante August Arrhenius ... Eduard Buchner Adolf Friedrick Johann Butenandt Melvin Calvin Thomas Robert Cech Hans von Euler-Chelpin John Warcup Cornforth Donald J. Cram Marie Curie Elias James Corey Petrus (Peter) Josephus Wilhelmus Debye Paul J. Crutzen Robert F. Curl, Jr. Johann Deisenhofer Otto Diels ... Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Jacobus Henricus van't Hoff Roald Hoffman Robert Huber Jean Frederic Joliot Irene Joliot-Curie ... Back To Main Page

26. P091000 They are Dr kary B. mullis, 1993 nobel Laureate in Chemistry; Prof.Robert W. Fogel, 1993 nobel Laureate in Economics; and Prof. http://www.polyu.edu.hk/~cpa/p091000.htm

9 October 2000 Nobel Laureates to speak at PolyU Three Nobel Laureates will deliver public lectures at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU) during their visit to the Institution from 14 to 16 October 2000. They are Dr Kary B. Mullis, 1993 Nobel Laureate in Chemistry; Prof. Robert W. Fogel, 1993 Nobel Laureate in Economics; and Prof. Ferid Murad, 1998 Nobel Laureate in Medicine. Dr Kary B. Mullis was laureated for his invention of the DNA synthesis process known as Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The process is an invaluable tool to today's molecular biologists and biotechnology corporations. He is currently Vice President - Molecular Biology of Burstein Technologies, Inc. in the United States. Prof. Robert W. Fogel received a Nobel Prize for his research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods to explain economic and institutional change. He is currently Charles R. Walgreen Distinguished Service Professor of American Institutions at the Graduate School of Business, University of Chicago in the United States. Prof. Ferid Murad was honoured for his discovery concerning nitric oxide as a signaling molecule in the cardiovascular system. His discovery has a far-reaching impact on medical research and subsequent application in the anti-impotence pill Viagra. He is currently John S. Dunn Distinguished Chair in Physiology and Medicine, and Chairman of Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology at the University of Texas Medical School in the United States.

27. CSP - 'Dancing Naked In The Mind Field' By Kary Mullis Religion and Psychoactive Sacraments An Entheogen Chrestomathy Thomas B. Roberts,Ph mullis, kary. Note The author was awarded a nobel Prize for inventing the http://www.csp.org/chrestomathy/dancing_naked.html

What's New Site Map About CSP Search CSP: Religion and Psychoactive Sacraments: An Entheogen Chrestomathy Thomas B. Roberts, Ph.D. and Paula Jo Hruby, Ed.D. Author Index Title Index Dancing Naked in the Mind Field Mullis, Kary. New York:Pantheon. ISBN: Description: Hardcover, x + 223 pages. Contents: 22 chapters, acknowledgments, index. Note: The author was awarded a Nobel Prize for inventing the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Excerpt(s): At Georgia Tech, I had a wife and a little girl. I had short hair and I studied all the time. My senior year I made perfect grades. I studied physics and math and chemistry to the point where I would never have to study them again. And all I knew about drugs was what I read in magazines like Time and Life . I learned that marijuana was a dangerous addictive drug and that I should stay away from it. On the other hand, I learned that LSD was a miracle that just might enable scientists to understand the workings of the brain, could be the cure for alcoholism, and, just incidentally, might prevent World War III. Psychiatrists were prescribing it for their patients. In 1966 LSD had not yet been made illegal. Respected, well known people were admitting that they had experimented with LSD. The Luce family, the publishers of Time and Life , were so intrigued by the scientific potential of LSD that they funded the research of Harvard professor Timothy Leary.

28. Mullis nobel PRIZE WINNER, DR. kary B. mullis, JOINS XYCLONYX TECHNICAL ADVISORYBOARD. Carlsbad CAFebruary 24, 1998US Microbics Inc. http://www.bugsatwork.com/XyclonyX/MULLIS.HTM

February 24, 1998 For Immediate Release NOBEL PRIZE WINNER, DR. KARY B. MULLIS, JOINS XYCLONYX TECHNICAL ADVISORY BOARD Carlsbad CAFebruary 24, 1998U.S. Microbics Inc. (OTCBB BUGS") announced today the appointment of a Nobel laureate to its XyclonyX Technical Advisory Board. Kary B. Mullis, Ph.D., who won the Nobel Prize in chemistry in l993, brings to U.S. Microbics an energetic, creative genius with a practical, reason-based drive to solve real-world problems. Currently a resident of La Jolla, CA, Mr. Mullis is a graduate of the Georgia Institute of Technology (BS Chemistry, 1966) and the University of California at Berkeley (Ph.D. Biochemistry, 1972). He also did several years of post-doctoral research in pediatric cardiology and pharmaceutical chemistry. Mr. Mullis was for many years a scientist at Cetus Corporation, where he was actively involved in both chemistry and human genetics research. Subsequently, he was Director of Molecular Biology for XyclonyX of San Diego, CA. Since 1987 he has consulted privately with dozens of prominent companies seeking his expert assistance in the field of nucleic acid chemistry, A frequent guest lecturer, Mr.- Mullis has received many awards in recognition of his professional achievements. His highest honor, the 1993 Nobel Prize, was awarded for his invention of PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) a technique that all agree has dramatically impacted microbiology.

29. Nobel Prize Winners In Chemistry Since1901 VINCENT DU VIGNEAUD. kary mullis. William Ramsay. Melvin Calvin. Gertrude B. Elion,Marie Curie. Dorothy C. Hodgkin. nobel Prize Winners in Chemistry 19011999. http://iweb.tntech.edu/chem491-dc/prizewinners.htm

Excluded Subjects for Fall 2000 ROBERT S. MULLIKEN Sidney Altman Ernest Rutherford Sherwood Roland Willard Frank Libby George Wittig Frederick Sanger VINCENT DU VIGNEAUD Kary Mullis William Ramsay Alexander Todd Irving Langmuir Hermann Staudinger Vlademir Prelog Jerome Karle Adolf Butenandts Theodore William Richards Melvin Calvin Gertrude B. Elion Marie Curie Dorothy C. Hodgkin Nobel Prize Winners in Chemistry 1901-1999 1999 - The prize was awarded for studies of the transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond spectrscopy. AHMED ZEWAIL - The prize was awarded for pioneering contributions in developing methods that can be used for theoretical studies of the properties of molecules and the chemical processes in which they are involved. The prize was divided equally between: WALTER KOHN for his development of the density-functional theory and JOHN A. POPLE for his development of computational methods in quantum chemistry. - The prize was divided, one half being awarded jointly to:

30. Alfred B. Nobel Prizes In Chemistry - Winners Each winner gets a gold medal, a sum of money, and a diploma. Here is the list ofthe nobel laureates in Chemistry 1993, kary B. mullis Michael Smith, United http://chemistry.about.com/library/weekly/aa120202a.htm

zfp=-1 About Homework Help Chemistry Search in this topic on About on the Web in Products Web Hosting Chemistry with Anne Marie Helmenstine Your Guide to one of hundreds of sites Home Articles Forums ... Help zmhp('style="color:#fff"') Subjects ESSENTIALS Periodic Table of the Elements Chemistry How-To Guide Chemical Structures Archive ... All articles on this topic Stay up-to-date! Subscribe to our newsletter. Advertising Free Credit Report Free Psychics Advertisement Nobel Prizes in Chemistry List of Winners Related Resources Photos of Nobel Prize Winners Chemistry History Chemistry News Adventures in the Atomic Age - Glenn Seaborg ... Periodic Table From Other Guides Nobel Prize Winners - Women Alfred B. Nobel's Will The First Nobel Prizes The Nobel Prize Winners Elsewhere on the Web Nobel Foundation Official Website Biographical Information - Alfred Nobel Here is the list of the Nobel laureates in Chemistry: Year Laureate Country Research Jacobus H. van't Hoff Netherlands Discovered laws of chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure in solutions Hermann Emil Fischer Germany Synthetic studies of sugar and purine groups Svante A. Arrhenius

31. Pictures Of Nobel Laureates - Chemistry This is an index of photographs of the winners of the nobel Prize in 1991 RichardR. Ernst; 1992 - Rudolph A. Marcus; 1993 - kary B. mullis; 1993 - Michael http://chemistry.about.com/library/blchemists.htm

zfp=-1 About Homework Help Chemistry Search in this topic on About on the Web in Products Web Hosting Chemistry with Anne Marie Helmenstine Your Guide to one of hundreds of sites Home Articles Forums ... Help zmhp('style="color:#fff"') Subjects ESSENTIALS Periodic Table of the Elements Chemistry How-To Guide Chemical Structures Archive ... All articles on this topic Stay up-to-date! Subscribe to our newsletter. Advertising Free Credit Report Free Psychics Advertisement Index of Pictures - Nobel Laureates in Chemistry This is an index of photographs of the winners of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. 1901 - Jacobus H. van't Hoff 1902 - Hermann Emil Fischer 1903 - Svante A. Arrhenius 1904 - Sir William Ramsay ... 1915 - Richard M. Willstätter 1916 - No Prize Awarded 1917 - No Prize Awarded 1918 - Fritz Haber 1919 - No Prize Awarded 1920 - Walther H. Nernst 1921 - Frederick Soddy 1922 - Francis W. Aston 1923 - Fritz Pregl 1924 - No Prize Awarded 1925 - Richard A. Zsigmondy 1926 - Theodor Svedberg 1927 - Heinrich O. Wieland 1928 - Adolf O. R. Windaus ... 1932 - Irving Langmuir 1933 - No Prize Awarded 1934 - Harold C. Urey

32. Newton - Lo Spettacolo Della Scienza Translate this page Un'idea rivoluzionaria può nascere anche guidando di notte nei boschi è cosìche kary B. mullis, premio nobel per la chimica nel 1993, ha creato la sua http://cubo.newton.rcs.it:8666/archivio/articolo.php3?IdArticolo=164

33. Invent Now | Hall Of Fame | Search | Inventor Profile The polymerase chain reaction, which was devised by kary mullis, has revolutionized Forhis work, mullis received the Japan Prize and the nobel Prize for http://www.invent.org/hall_of_fame/1_1_6_detail.asp?vInventorID=109

34. The Alfred B. Nobel Prize Winners: Chemistry Advertisement. nobel Prize Winners for Chemistry. 1993, kary B. mullis Michael Smith,United States Great Britain Canada. 1994, George A. Olah, United States. http://history1900s.about.com/library/misc/blnobelchem.htm

zfp=-1 About History 20th Century History Search in this topic on About on the Web in Products Web Hosting in partnership with 20th Century History with Jennifer Rosenberg Your Guide to one of hundreds of sites Home Articles Forums ... Help zmhp('style="color:#fff"') This Week's Articles tod('tih'); Today in History Daily Quiz tod('pod'); Picture of the Day Special Subscription Offers Subscribe Now Choose One: Subscribe Customer Service Subjects Major Events Maps People Photographs ... All articles on this topic Stay up-to-date! Subscribe to our newsletter. Advertising Free Credit Report Free Psychics Advertisement Nobel Prize Winners for Chemistry Physics Physiology or Medicine Literature Peace ... Economics Jacobus H. van't Hoff Netherlands Hermann Emil Fischer Germany Svante A. Arrhenius Sweden Sir William Ramsay Great Britain Adolf von Baeyer Germany Henri Moissan France Eduard Buchner Germany Ernest Rutherford Great Britain Wilhelm Ostwald Germany Otto Wallach Germany Marie Curie Poland-France Victor Grignard Paul Sabatier France France Alfred Werner Switzerland Theodore W. Richards United States Germany Fritz Haber Germany Walther H. Nernst

35. PCR Links.com: HISTORY * * * *; kary B. mullis nobel eMuseum, The nobel Fundation. * * * *; GreatAchievements in science / kary mullis Carolina Biological Supply Company. http://www.pcrlinks.com/generalities/history.htm

Home PCR Generali ties Variants [L a nguage Espa ñol English Add URL Search GENERALITIES HISTOR Y History of PCR The Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology - The University of Sheffield KARY B. MULLIS Nobel e-Museum, The Nobel Fundation. Great Achievements in science / Kary Mullis Carolina Biological Supply Company. PCR MedicineNet, Inc.MedicineNet, Inc Polymerase Chain Reaction Mark V. Bloomm, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Access Excellence. Kary B. Mullis / Process For Amplifying Nucleic Acid Sequences National Inventors Hall of Fame. A bout this site C ontac ... Terms and conditions of use

36. Premios Nobel De Química Premios nobel de Química. al desarrollo de estudios de proteínas basados enla mutagénesis de oligonucleótidos , mullis, kary B.; Smith, Michael. http://fai.unne.edu.ar/biologia/nobeles/nobelq~1.htm

Tema Ganador Hoff, Jacobus Henricus Van't Fischer, Hermann Emil Arrhenius, Svante August Ramsay, Sir William Baeyer, Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Von Moissan, Henri Buchner, Eduard Rutherford, Lord Ernest Ostwald, Wilhelm Wallach, Otto Curie, Marie Grignard, Victor; Sabatier, Paul Werner, Alfred Richards, Theodore William Willstatter, Richard Martin Haber, Fritz Nernst, Walther Hermann Soddy, Frederick Aston, Francis William Pregl, Fritz Zsigmondy, Richard Adolf Svedberg, The Wieland, Heinrich Otto Windaus, Adolf Otto Reinhold Euler-chelpin, Hans Karl August Von; Harden, Sir Arthur Fischer, Hans Bergius, Friedrich; Bosch, Carl Langmuir, Irving Urey, Harold Clayton Joliot, Frederic; Joliot-Curie, Irene Debye, Petrus Josephus Wilhelmus Haworth, Sir Walter Norman; Karrer, Paul Kuhn, Richard Butenandt, Adolf Friedrich Johann; Ruzicka, Leopold De Hevesy, George Hahn, Otto Virtanen, Artturi Ilmari Northrop, John Howard; Stanley, Wendell Meredith; Sumner, James Batcheller Robinson, Sir Robert

37. Nobel Laureates - 7. Lectures And Nobel Laureates - NIH 1998 Almanac Content nobel Laureates. Laureate, Field, Year, Supporting Institute(s). kary B. mullis,USA (shared with M. Smith, Canada), Chemistry, 1993, NHLBI, NIAID, NIGMS. http://www.nih.gov/about/almanac/1998/lectures/nobel.html

NIH 1998 Almanac Lectures and Nobel Laureates Nobel Laureates Laureate Field Year Supporting Institute(s) Paul D. Boyer, U.S.A. (shared with J.C. Skou) Chemistry NIGMS, NIDDK Jens C. Skou, Denmark (shared with P.D. Boyer) ......do NINDS Stanley B. Prusiner, U.S.A. Phyisology or medicine NINDS, NIA, NCRR, NIGMS Edward B. Lewis, U.S.A. (shared with C. Nusslein-Volhard, Germany, and E.F. Wieschaus, U.S.A.) Physiology or medicine NICHD, NIGMS Eric F. Wieschaus, U.S.A. (shared with E.B. Lewis, U.S.A., and C. Nusslein-Volhard, Germany) ......do NICHD Alfred G. Gilman, U.S.A. (shared with M. Rodbell, U.S.A.) .....do NIGMS, NINDS Martin Rodbell, U.S.A. (shared with A.G. Gilman, U.S.A.) ......do NIEHS, NIDDK George A. Olah, U.S.A. Chemistry NCI, NIGMS Phillip A. Sharp, U.S.A. (shared with R. Roberts, U.K.) Physiology or medicine NIGMS, NCI, NIAID, DRS, NCRR Richard Roberts, U.K. (shared with P.A. Sharp, U.S.A.) ......do NCRR, NLM, NCHGR, NCI, NIGMS Kary B. Mullis, U.S.A. (shared with M. Smith, Canada) Chemistry NHLBI, NIAID, NIGMS

38. NIH: About: NIH Almanac: Nobel Laureates Read about the NIH Scientists who have won nobel prizes. kary B. mullis, USA(shared with M. Smith, Canada), Chemistry, 1993, NHBLI, NIAID, NIGMS. http://www.nih.gov/about/almanac/nobel/

Home About NIH NIH Almanac About the Almanac ... Past Issues Nobel Laureates Read about the NIH Scientists who have won Nobel prizes. Laureate Field Year Supporting NIH Institute(s) Leland H. Hartwell, U.S.A. (shared with P.M. Nurse and R.T. Hunt, U.K.) Physiology or medicine NIGMS, NCI, NCRR K. Barry Sharpless, U.S.A. (shared with W.S. Knowles, U.S.A. and R. Noyori, Japan) Chemistry NIGMS, NHLBI Paul Greengard, U.S.A. (shared with E. Kandel, U.S.A. and A. Carlsson, Sweden) Physiology or medicine NIMH, NIA, NIDA, NINDS, NIAAA, NHLBI, NIAMS Erik R. Kandel, U.S.A. (shared with P. Greengard, U.S.A. and A. Carlsson, Sweden) " NIMH, NIGMS, NINDS, NCRR James J. Heckman, U.S.A. (shared with D. McFadden, U.S.A.) Economic sciences NICHD, NIMH Daniel L. McFadden, U.S.A. (shared with J. Heckman, U.S.A.) " NIA Günter Blobel, U.S.A. Physiology or medicine NIGMS, NCI Robert Furchgott, U.S.A. (shared with L. Ignarro and F. Murad, U.S.A.) Physiology or medicine NIGMS, NHLBI, NINDS

39. Chicago-Kent College Of Law: The Record -- News & Announcements From The Institu is invited to a free public lecture, Science and the Creative Process DancingNaked in the Mind Field, by nobel laureate kary B. mullis on Wednesday http://www.kentlaw.edu/depts/islt/record_archives/19980914.html

September 14, 1998 Main Record Index Chicago-Kent Home Page Kary B. Mullis, 1993 Nobel laureate in chemistry, to speak at IIT September 23 The IIT community is invited to a free public lecture, "Science and the Creative Process: Dancing Naked in the Mind Field," by Nobel laureate Kary B. Mullis on Wednesday, September 23, at noon in the ballroom of the Hermann Union Building, Main Campus. In his lecture, Mullis will discuss his scientific adventures as a pathbreaking chemist, along with his assessment of the scientific method in today's complex technological society. A reception will follow the lecture. In 1993, Mullis received the Nobel Prize in chemistry and the Japan Prize for his invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which redefined the world of DNA and genetics. A method of amplifying DNA, PCR multiplies a single microscopic strand of genetic material billions of times within hours. The process has multiple applications in medicine, genetics, biotechnology and forensics. Main Record Index Top of Page

40. PCR.html Paul, MN. mullis, KB (2002). kary B. mullis—nobel Lecture. nobel eMuseum. http//www.nobel.se/chemistry/laureates/1993/mullis-lecture.html (2002, Sept. http://www.macalester.edu/~montgomery/PCR.html

Polymerase Chain Reaction Julia Adams Research in Molecular Genetics Technique of the Week December 14, 2002 Definition Reagents Taq Polymerase ... References Definition Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a method for producing an extremely large number of copies of a specific DNA sequence through amplification. Reagents Taq polymerase has higher accuracy at lower concentrations. Magnesium chloride (MgCl ) is also essential for dNTP incorporation. The optimum concentration range for MgCl is 1.0-1.5 mM; low Mg leads to low PCR yields and an excess results in nonspecific products. Finally, Taq DNA polymerase is needed to polymerize the new DNA. Taq Polymerase Taq polymerse is from the thermophilic bacterium Thermus aquaticus , which was discovered by Thomas Brock in the 1960s in the hot springs of Yellowstone National Park Taq PCR Cycle The entire PCR cycle takes place in a thermocycler and is as follows: Repeat process 20-30 times The annealing temperature will vary depending on how well the primers match the desired sequence - the more perfect the match the higher the temperature. A common equation used for the determination of annealing temperature is T m = 2(A + T) + 4(G + C), where A, T, G, and C represent the numbers of each nucleotide in the primer sequence.

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