41. Biografía - Pauling, Linus Carl pauling, linus carl Nacionalidad Estados yCrick encontraron en pauling una fuente en 1954 del Premio nobel de Química http://www.artehistoria.com/historia/personajes/7805.htm

FICHA Nacionalidad: Estados Unidos Portland, Oregon 10901 - California 19-8-1994 Su padre era farmacéutico por lo que desde muy temprano siente inclinación por este ámbito. Tras haber realizado cientos de experimentos con productos químicos, se matricula en el Oregon State Agricultural College y estudia ingeniería química. Al licenciarse le ofrecen un puesto de profesor, que desempeña durante un año, y en 1922 entra en el Instituto de Tecnología de California. En este centro trabaja en una tesis sobre el estudio de la estructura cristalina con el uso de rayos X, para conseguir el doctorado en Físico-química. Más tarde se traslada a Europa, donde continúa sus estudios y en el viejo continente entra en contacto con científicos de la talla de Sommerfeld, Bohr o Schödinger. En 1927 regresa a Oregón y comienza sus estudios sobre física cuántica , al tiempo que se dedica a la docencia. Trabajó en el Instituto de Tecnología de California hasta 1962. En los años treinta se adentró en la estructura espacial de moléculas de los aminoácidos. En 1939 publica "La naturaleza del enlace químico", una obra fundamental para cualquier científico. Watson y Crick encontraron en Pauling una fuente de información de primera mano para llevar a cabo sus proyectos . Sus investigaciones relacionadas con la estructura atómica de las proteínas le hicieron merecedor en 1954 del Premio Nobel de Química. En 1962 fue de nuevo llamado por la Academia Sueca al ser elegido merecedor del Premio Nobel de la Paz por su alerta sobre el peligro de las

42. LINUS PAULING Since his second nobel Prize, Dr. pauling has researched the chemistry 5. pauling,linus carl , SP Parker, ed., McGrawHill Encyclopedia of Chemistry , Volume http://www.woodrow.org/teachers/chemistry/institutes/1992/Pauling.html

LINUS PAULING A Biography Linus Pauling was born with twin legacies. Although his parents could give him very little in the way of material wealth, they did give him the better gift of great intelligence. His brilliant mind eventually provided him with financial security as well as his greatest happiness. It can also be argued that this gift of intelligence was responsible for the controversy that seemed to surround everything he did and everything he wrote. He made great intuitive leaps and was frequently criticized for the conclusions he drew from what some felt was too little experimentation, often outside of Pauling's area of expertise. When he had graduated with his degree in chemical engineering, his mother again began pressuring him to stop his education and make money, perhaps become a secondary school teacher. Pauling, however, had applied to graduate schools at Harvard, Berkeley and the fairly new California Institute of Technology. His first choice was Berkeley because G.N. Lewis himself was the chair of the chemistry department, but Berkeley was too slow in replying to his application. Harvard didn't really interest him much, so his decision was made in favor of Cal. Tech. One year after begining work at Cal. Tech. he married Ava Helen Miller. In 1931 Pauling was awarded the Langmuir Prize of the American Chemical Society for "the most noteworthy work in pure science done by a man under 30 years of age." In the same year he was offered a joint full professorship in both chemistry and physics at the Massachusetts Institute Of Technology. He seriously considered the offer but he didn't want to have to brave the Massachusetts' winters. He ended up by accepting the position for one year only. In 1933 he was made a member of the National Academy of Sciences. He was 32, the youngest appointment to this body ever made.

43. About Linus Pauling linus carl pauling was born in Portland, Oregon, on February 28 At Caltech paulingalso trained many of Xray crystallographers, among them, nobel Prize winner http://www.internetwks.com/pauling/alp.html

[Linus Pauling Virtual Exhibit] Short Biography By Dr. Robert J. Paradowski Rochster Institute of Technology From HOW TO LIVE LONGER AND FEEL BETTER, 1986 Linus Pauling first came to the notice of many of his countrymen outside of science when he framed the issue on which public opinion compelled, at last, the suspension by the United States, the Soviet Union, and the United Kingdom of the testing of nuclear weapons in the atmosphere. From the time the atomic bomb tests began in earnest on Frenchman's Flats near Las Vegas, Nevada, in 1951, the Atomic Energy Commission regularly issued reassuring press releases. High energy radiation had caused no abnormal number of defects in the off-spring of parents exposed at Hiroshima and Nagasaki, they said. Generations of fruit flies raised in radioactive containers showed "more vigor, hardiness, resistance to disease, better reproductive capacity." It was Linus Pauling, speaking with the authority of a Nobel laureate (in chemistry, 1954), who exposed the fraud of this government's public relations campaign. He translated the physics of nuclear explosions into words and numbers people could understand. Thus, it was known that the neutron flux in an explosion transmutes atmospheric nitrogen into radioactive carbon-14. The Atomic Energy Commission called upon another Nobel Prize-winner, Willard Libby, to show this effect would have negligible consequences. The large molecules of the living cell are constructed around carbon, however, and C-14 readily substitutes for the non radioactive isotope C-12.

44. Pauling Centenary Celebration - Lecture Series In the end, he was rewarded with a nobel Peace Prize–only to have even thathonor impugned by his political enemies. linus carl pauling, Jr. top. http://pauling.library.oregonstate.edu/lectureseries.htm

Lecture Series Speakers February 7, 2001 John Polanyi Nobel Laureate Department of Chemistry University of Toronto John Polanyi holds the 1986 Nobel Prize in Chemistry along with Dudley R. Herschbach and Yuan T. Lee for contributions to "the development of a new field of research chemistryreaction dynamics." Polanyi was cited for "the method of infrared chemiluminescence, in which the extremely weak infrared emission from a newly-formed molecule is measured and analyzed," and for its application. Polanyi has written exclusively on science policy, the control of armaments, and peacekeeping. He was educated at Manchester University, England, was a postdoctoral fellow at Princeton University, U.S.A., and the National Research Council, Canada. He is presently a faculty member in the Department of Chemistry at the University of Toronto. His lecture is entitled, "Science and Conscience," and will be presented at the LaSells Stewart Center at Oregon State University at 7:30 p.m. This event is organized by the Convocations and Lectures Committee of Oregon State University. February 28, 2001

45. Pauling Centenary Celebration - Speaker Biographies 1999, Zewail was the recipient of the nobel Prize for Academy of Arts and Sciences,carl Zeiss Award Chemical Society, the Nichols Medal, linus pauling Medal, E http://pauling.library.oregonstate.edu/speakerbios.htm

Speaker Biographies Ahmed Zewail Linus Carl Pauling, Jr. is Chairman of the Board of Trustees for the Linus Pauling Institute of Science and Medicine. Dr. Pauling was engaged in the private practice of psychiatry for over thirty years. He received his medical degree from Harvard Medical School in 1952. Dr. Pauling has served on numerous boards, including the Hawaii Mental Health Association (1957-62), the Hanahauoli School Board of Trustees, Hawaii (1960-96), the Foundation for Nutritional Advancement, Washington, D.C. (1976-87), and the American Civil Liberties Union of Hawaii (1980-82). Dr. Pauling is affiliated with the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the American Civil Liberties Union, the American Psychiatric Association, and the Harvard Medical Alumni Association. Robert J. Paradowski is currently a Professor of Science, Technology, and Society at the Rochester Institute of Technology. He holds a B.S. from Spring Hill College, a M.A. from Brandeis University, and a Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin. Dr. Paradowski's dissertation was on The Structural Chemistry of Linus Pauling . He is presently working on the offical biography of Linus Pauling. Jack D. Dunitz

46. An Overview Of Linus Pauling And His Work linus carl pauling was an American chemist who applied quantum mechanics to thestudy of molecular In 1954 he won a nobel Prize in Chemistry and in 1962 he http://www.imsa.edu/~sieffer/old/science/lpauling/

An Overview of Linus Pauling and His Work Linus Carl Pauling was an American chemist who applied quantum mechanics to the study of molecular structures, promoted world peace, and researched human sickness. In 1954 he won a Nobel Prize in Chemistry and in 1962 he received the Nobel Peace Prize. He was born on February 28, 1901, and past away on August 19, 1994. Pauling had a great educational background. He received his B.S. in chemical engineering at Oregon State Agricultural College in 1922. Then he became a graduate assistant at the California Institute of Technology, where he received his Ph.D. in physical chemistry. In 1927 he returned to CIT as a professor and later served as director of the Gates and Crellin Laboratories of Chemistry between 1936 and 1958. Pauling began his research on the nature of chemical bonds by studying the structure of crystals. To do this, he used a method called X-ray diffraction. He showed that the way atoms are linked helps explain the structure of complex molecules. He then combined his findings with the theories of quantum mechanics about the arrangement of electrons within an atom and the ways in which atoms share and exchange electrons. He was then able to calculate the energies that bind atoms, the angles at which the bonds form, and the distances between the atoms. With the development of nuclear weapons, Pauling became concerned with possible hazards from exposure to radiation caused by nuclear weapons testing. In 1958 he wrote a book call

47. 1Up Info > Pauling, Linus Carl (Chemistry, Biographies) - Encyclopedia pauling, linus carlpô´l ng Pronunciation Key, 1901–94, American chemist, b.Portland, Oreg. He was one of the few recipients of two nobel Prizes, winning http://www.1upinfo.com/encyclopedia/P/Pauling.html

You are here 1Up Info Encyclopedia Chemistry, Biographies Pauling, Linus Carl ... News Search 1Up Info ENCYCLOPEDIA Chemistry, Biographies Pauling, Linus Carl Related Category: Chemistry, Biographies Pauling, Linus Carl ng] Pronunciation Key Sommerfeld , Niels Bohr , and Erwin . He was among the first to apply the quantum theory to calculations of molecular structures; his book The Nature of the Chemical Bond (1939, 3d ed. 1960) is still the classic in the field. He developed the concept of resonance to explain covalent bonds in certain organic compounds (see chemical bond ). His later work concerned molecular biology; using physical techniques, he determined the three-dimensional structures of many antitoxins, amino acids, and proteins. He was the first recipient of two honors awarded by the American Chemical Society: the Langmuir prize (1931) and the Lewis medal (1951). Outside of his scientific work, Pauling took a vital interest in public affairs, especially the movement for world disarmament. His No More War See T. Hager, Force of Nature: the Life of Linus Pauling (1995); T. Goertzel and B. Goertzel

48. Linus Pauling Translate this page linus carl pauling. Biografia. linus pauling é o único indivíduo a ter conquistadodois premios nobel em sua vida Um por química em 1954 e outro pela Paz em http://www.exatas.com/quimica/pauling.html

Linus Carl Pauling Biografia Links sobre Pauling Livros sobre Pauling Retornar Biografia Linus Pauling é o único indivíduo a ter conquistado dois premios nobel em sua vida: Um por química em 1954 e outro pela Paz em 1962. Muitas pessoas o conhecem por seus trabalhos mais recentes com micronutrientes, e o papel da vitamina C na saúde humana e longevidade. Linus Pauling nasceu em 1901, nos arredores de Portland, na pequena comunidade de Oswego. Quando ele tinha cinco anos, sua família se mudou para Condon, no Oregon, a cidade natal de sua mãe, filha de uma influente pessoa da cidade. Seu pai logo reconheceu que seu filho era excepcionalmente intelectual. Há uma carta famosa na qual seu pai pede conselhos quando a uma lista de livros para seu filho. Pouco mais tarde, quando Linus Pauling tinha 9 anos, seu pai morreu súbita e inesperadamente de uma úlcera. Este foi o início de um longo período de dificuldades e problemas para a família. Em poucos meses, sua mãe comprava a casa próxima à 39a avenida e a praça Hawtorne, no sudeste de Portland. Linus foi à escola local, ao ginásio em Washington, e recebeu seu diploma em Química pela Oregon Agricultural College, hoje Universidade Estadual do Oregon. Linus, então, foi para o instituto de Tecnologia da California (California Technology Insitute, Cal Tech), aonde ele passou a maior parte de sua vida acadêmica. Depois de receber seu doutorado pela Cal Tech, ele passou um ano na Europa com os fundadores da mecânica quântica: Bohr, Heisenberg e Schrodinger.

49. Linus Carl Pauling Translate this page linus carl pauling (1901-1994). linus pauling é o único indivíduo a ter conquistadodois prêmios nobel em sua vida Um por química em 1954 e outro pela Paz http://www.pensamentolivreceticismo.hpg.ig.com.br/personalidades/linus_pauling.h

Linus Carl Pauling (1901-1994) Linus Pauling é o único indivíduo a ter conquistado dois prêmios Nobel em sua vida: Um por química em 1954 e outro pela Paz em 1962. Muitas pessoas o conhecem por seus trabalhos mais recentes com micronutrientes, e o papel da vitamina C na saúde humana e longevidade. Depois de receber seu doutorado pela Cal Tech, ele passou um ano na Europa com os fundadores da mecânica quântica: Bohr, Heisenberg e Schrodinger. Durante a década seguinte, transformou seu campo e estabeleceu as fundações da química moderna. Pelas próximas duas décadas, Pauling estendeu suas investigações à Biologia. Ele escreveu sobre a liberdade humana e a dignidade sobre a democracia e os direitos políticos aos dezesseis anos. Para saber mais, clique aqui . (em português) Textos disponíveis neste site: Textos disponíveis em outros sites:

50. Educational Outreach: 50th Anniversary Of The Double Helix is the only person ever to receive two unshared nobel Prizes The nobel Prize inChemistry (1954) and The nobel Peace Prize (1962). linus carl pauling was born http://www.phy.cam.ac.uk/camphy/outreach/dna/profile_linus_pauling.htm

Profile of Linus Pauling Home Educational Outreach Resource Bank Quick links: Home Educational Outreach University of Cambridge Any feedback? E-mail: outreach@phy.cam.ac.uk A model of the structure of the alpha helix, which Linus Pauling found by using laws of structural chemistry and building models of possible structures based on a small amount of data from X-ray diffraction images. Educational Outreach Cavendish Laboratory Linus Carl Pauling (1901-1994) PDF Linus Pauling is generally recognised as the greatest chemist of the 20th century. He is the only person ever to receive two unshared Nobel Prizes: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1954) and The Nobel Peace Prize (1962) Linus Carl Pauling was born in Portland, Oregon, on February 28, 1901. When he was nine, his father died, leaving Linus, his two younger sisters and their mother to provide for themselves. For many years Linus argued with his mother because he wanted to pursue his education, but she wanted him to leave school and get a job to support the family. He did not leave school but he did find many ways to make money such as delivering milk, running film projectors, and working in a shipyard. In 1917 Linus Pauling began studying chemical engineering at Oregon Agricultural College (now

51. Pauling pauling, linus, teljes nevén linus carl pauling (szül. Két alkalommal kapott nobeldíjat;egy kémiait 1954-ben, valamint egy nobel-békedíjat 1962-ben. http://www.kfki.hu/~cheminfo/hun/olvaso/bh/bh9/pauling.html

52. Linus Pauling Translate this page linus carl pauling (1901-1994) do Journal of Chemical Education Janeiro/1996, linuspauling nasceu em a única pessoa a receber o famoso Prêmio nobel por duas http://www.cdcc.sc.usp.br/quimica/galeria/pauling.html

53. Caltech Nobel Site linus carl pauling (1901–1994) linus pauling was the only winnerof two unshared nobel Prizes in different categories. He is also http://pr.caltech.edu/events/caltech_nobel/

Caltech Nobel Recipients [ List 1 List 2 ROBERT ANDREWS MILLIKAN THOMAS HUNT MORGAN ... LEO JAMES RAINWATER Thomas Hunt Morgan won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1933 for his chromosome theory of heredity. On the basis of experimental research with the fruit fly (Drosophila), he demonstrated that genes are linked in a series on chromosomes and that they determine identifiable, hereditary traits. An embryologist by training, Morgan turned his attention to Drosophila in 1908. On the basis of fly-breeding experiments, he developed a hypothesis of sex-linked characteristics, which he theorized were part of the X chromosome of females. In 1928, he came to Caltech to organize work in biology. The most influential biologist in America at that time, Morgan pioneered the new science of genetics, the essential science for the future of biology. In 1930, he also established a marine biology laboratory at Corona del Mar (the lab is still in use today). By then, Morgan had left Drosophila genetics and had returned to his earlier interest in developmental biology. He often spent weekends at the marine station working with an organism called the sea squirt. He remained on the Caltech faculty for the rest of his career. Anderson arrived at Caltech in 1923 as an 18-year-old freshman, and never left. He discovered the positron in 1932, using a cloud chamber. Shortly thereafter, Anderson and his graduate student, Seth Neddermeyer, discovered mu-mesons, or muons. During World War II, Caltech scientists produced and tested land and aircraft rockets for the United States Navy. Anderson supervised the testing of aircraft rockets at China Lake and later visited the front lines in Europe to observe how the rockets performed. He served as chair of the Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy from 1962 to 1970, and was named emeritus in 1976.

54. Dr Dr. linus carl pauling. work in chemistry, and the second was the nobel Peace Prize Dr.linus pauling Biography http//www.achievement.org/autodoc/page/pau0bio http://www.ceemast.csupomona.edu/nova/paul.html

Dr. Linus Carl Pauling Vitamin C and the Common Cold, large doses of Vitamin C to combat colds and their symptoms. His research into the effects of vitamins and other nutrients in preserving health and fighting disease have led researchers to take a closer look at the benefits they possess. In 1973, he founded the Linus Pauling Institute of Science and Medicine where he continued his research and was able to educate the public on the dangers of smoking and the benefits of vitamins. Bibliography Collier's Encyclopedia Dr. Linus Pauling Biography http://www.achievement.org/autodoc/page/pau0bio-I Christine Fuller To SCIENTISTS DATA BANK Back to HOME

55. 3 Translate this page 3. linus carl pauling. Por seus trabalhos científicos recebeu, em 1954, o Prêmionobel de Química e, em 1962, por sua ação pacifista o Prêmio nobel da Paz http://www.secrel.com.br/usuarios/alexquimica/pauling.htm

3. LINUS CARL PAULING Nasceu em Portland, Oregon, Estados Unidos, a 28 de fevereiro de 1901. Formou-se em Engenharia Química, em 1922, no Oregon Agricultural College. Doutourou-se, em 1925, no Instituto de Tecnologia da Califórnia. Estagiou a seguir, nas universidades européias de Munique, Zurique e Copenhague. De volta aos Estados Unidos, tornou-se em 1927, professor do Instituto de Tecnologia da Califórnia e, em 1968, da Universidade de Stanford, na Califórnia. Foi um dos introdutores da Mecânica Quântica na Química, conseguindo determinar vários princípios que explicam a natureza das ligações químicas entre os átomos, bem como as propriedades das substâncias resultantes. Estudou também problemas genéticos decorrentes de estruturas químicas defeituosas nas proteínas existentes nas células humanas. Na divulgação científica, combate o fumo e inicia uma campanha pelo uso maciço da vitamina C no combate ao resfriado comum e como prevenção de certos tipos de câncer. Como pacifista, é contrário a toda espécie de guerra, e combate veementemente o uso de armas nucleares; combate ainda qualquer tipo de preconceito racial, religioso ou científico. Por seus trabalhos científicos recebeu, em 1954, o Prêmio Nobel de Química e, em 1962, por sua ação pacifista o Prêmio Nobel da Paz.

56. Les Grands Chimistes :: Département De Chimie :: Université Laval Translate this page pauling (linus carl) Chimiste américain Portland 1901 - près de Big Sur, Californie1994 Prix nobel de chimie en 1954 Prix nobel de la paix en 1962, http://www.chm.ulaval.ca/grandschim/p.html

A B C D ... O P R S T V ... W PASCAL (Blaise) PASTEUR (Louis) PAULI (Wolfgang) PAULING (Linus Carl) PERKIN (sir William Henry) PLANCK (Max) PRIESTLEY (Joseph) PROUST (Joseph Louis) PASCAL (Blaise) Clermont-Ferrand 1623 - Paris 1662 PASTEUR (Louis) PAULI (Wolfgang) Vienne 1900 - Zurich 1958 Prix Nobel de physique en 1945 PAULING (Linus Carl) Prix Nobel de chimie en 1954 Prix nobel de la paix en 1962 Figure de proue des adversaires des armes atomiques. PERKIN (sir William Henry) Chimiste britannique Londres 1838 - Sudbury 1907 PLANCK (Max) Physicien allemand Prix Nobel de physique en 1918 PRIESTLEY (Joseph) Chimiste et phylosophe britannique Birstall Field Head 1733 - Northumberland 1804 Pionnier en chimie pneumatique. PROUST (Joseph Louis) Angers 1754 - Angers 1826 Un des fondateurs de l'analyse par voie humide. haut

57. Alpha Chi Sigma Nobel Laureates The nobel Peace Prize 1962. linus carl pauling. 1901 1994. Sigma 1940. for hiscontributions to an international ban on nuclear weapons testing . Full Prize. http://www.hexagongirl.com/y/09-Nobel Laureates.html

Alpha Chi Sigma Nobel Laureates The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1936 Petrus (Peter) Josephus Wilhelmus Debye Tau 1940 "for his contributions to our knowledge of molecular structure through his investigations on dipole moments and on the diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases" Full Prize The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1943 Edward Adelbert Doisy Zeta 1943 "for his discovery of the chemical nature of vitamin K" 1/2 Prize The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1951 Glenn Theodore Seaborg Beta Gamma 1935 "for their discoveries in the chemistry of the transuranium elements" 1/2 Prize The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1954 Linus Carl Pauling Sigma 1940 "for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the elucidation of the structure of complex substances" Full Prize The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1955 Vincent du Vigneaud Zeta 1930 "for his work on biochemically important sulphur compounds, especially for the first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone" Full Prize The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1958 Edward Lawrie Tatum Alpha 1930 "for their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events"

58. Russel-Einstein Manifesto Authors linus carl pauling. 1954 nobel Laureate in Chemistry for his research intothe nature of the chemical bond and its application to the elucidation of the http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/3778/signes.html

Manifesto's Authors M AX B ORN 1954 Nobel Laureate in Physics ...for his fundamental research in quantum mechanics, especially for his statistical interpretation of the wavefunction Background Place of Birth: Breslau, then Germany Residence: Great Britain Affiliation: Edinburgh University Featured Internet Links AltaVista search results for this laureate P ERCY W ILLIAMS B RIDGMAN 1946 Nobel Laureate in Physics ... for the invention of an apparatus to produce extremely high pressures, and for the discoveries he made therewith in the field of high pressure physics. Background Residence: U.S.A Affiliation: Harvard University, Cambridge, MA Featured Internet Links AltaVista search results for this laureate A LBERT E ... INSTEIN 1921 Nobel Laureate in Physics ...for his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect. Background Residence: Germany and Switzerland Affiliation: Kaiser-WilhelmInstitut now Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Berlin Featured Internet Links Albert Einstein On Line A short biographical sketch A rather large collection of photographs Another photograph collection ... AltaVista search results for this laureate Nobel News Links Out from the Shadows of 'Great Men' L EOPOLD I NFELD Background Residence: Poland Affiliation: Hoza University, Warsaw.

59. Cronoloxía De Feitos Na Química Translate this page 1954. Concédeselle o premio nobel a linus carl pauling polas súas pesquisas nanatureza do enlace químico ea súa aplicación para comprender a estructura de http://web.usc.es/~qimaneir/files/crono.htm

CRONOLOXÍA DOS FEITOS HISTÓRICOS MÁIS RELEVANTES DA QUÍMICA MODERNA A nivel galego A nivel mundial Henry Cavendish xera hidróxeno ("ar inflamable") ó tratar algúns metais con ácidos fortes. Joseph Priestley obtén osíxeno libre ó quentar HgO. Previamente Carl Wilhelm Scheele xa o obtivera en 1771-72, aínda que non publicaría os seus resultados ata 1777. Antoine Lavoisier Os experimentos de Antoine Lavoisier determinan o derrube da teoría do floxisto. O profesor Francisco Neira convence ó Claustro da USC da importancia e da necesidade do ensino das novas ciencias experimentais (física, química, botánica, etc.) para acadar unha mellor instrucción dos médicos. Antoine Lavoisier , despois de postular a lei de conservación da materia, publica o "Traité elémentaire de chimie", onde presenta a base da nomenclatura química moderna. John Dalton propón a lei da composición constante (ou das proporcións definidas) para as substancias químicas.

60. Oregon Bioscience Online By James D. Watson. Published by New American Library. 1991. 1954 linus carl pauling, Awarded nobel Prize in Chemistry. linus http://www.oregon-bioscience.com/milestones.htm?pp=1

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