61. Swiss Science & Technology Offices In North America Heinrich Rohrer (born 1933) nobel Prize for Physics 1986 (in conjunctionwith Gerd Binnig and shared with ernst ruska, Germany). http://www.swissemb.org/scitech/html/heinrich_rohrer.html

Heinrich Rohrer (born 1933) Nobel Prize for Physics 1986 (in conjunction with Gerd Binnig and shared with Ernst Ruska, Germany) There was a lot of talk about microscopes when the 1986 Nobel Prize for Physics was awarded. One half of the prize went to the German physicist Ernst Ruska for his discovery several years previously of the principle of the electron microscope. The other half went to a team comprising Gerd Binnig from Germany and Heinrich Rohrer from Switzerland "in recognition of the recent discovery of the scanning tunneling microscope". This microscope, which is small enough to hold in the hand, was named after a quantum effect, tunneling, that occurs when a low electrical current is passed between a metal point (probe) and a conducting surface. The probe has to be held about one nanometer (one billionth of a meter!) away from the surface to create this current. The topography of an object can be determined precisely by scanning its surface and measuring the tunnel current, which varies depending on the distance between the probe and the surface. The impressive image of a piece of silicon with its atoms lined up like a string of pearls is a familiar sight by now. The scanning tunneling microscope ushered in a significant era in the development of microscopy. It was originally intended for studying the crystalline structures of conducting or semi-conducting engineering materials, but it has since been developed for all sorts of different technical applications. Some of these microscopes can be used to investigate biological probes (viruses, large accumulations of protein or DNA), others to study the friction between substances on the atomic level (investigations of lubricants and wear on micromotors in nanotechnology).

62. BioFinder Kategorien Suche ernst ruska (1906-1988) nobel prize winner forelectron microscopy. Web page by Thomas ruska, Berlin. Euler, Ulf S http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/library/biofinder/135.html

HOME START BioFinder Kategorien Suche Personen Biologie Links in dieser Kategorie: 4000 Years of Women in Science Adrian, Edgar Douglas Albertus Magnus Albertus Magnus References ... Aldrovandi, Ulisse Italian web page Alfred Wegener in Greenland original document written by one of the participants in Alfred Wegener's expedition to Greenland in 1930 Altmann, Sidney Autobiography Anfinsen, Christian B. Anning, Mary Arber, Werner Autobiography Arrhenius, Svante Axelrod, Julius Baltimore, David Banting, Frederick Grant ... Bishop, J. Michael Autobiography Black, James Autobiography Bloch, Konrad E. Blumberg, Baruch S. Autobiography Bordet, Jules Boveri, Theodor Bovet, Daniel Boyd-Orr of Brechin, John ... Cech, Thomas R. Autobiography Cesalpino, Andrea Italian web page Chain, Ernst Boris Claude, Albert Autobiography Cohen, Stanley Autobiography Cori, Gerty Theresa and Carl Ferdinand Cormack, Allan M. Cornforth, John Warcup Autobiography Cousteau, Jacques Crick, Francis Harry Compton Cuvier, Georges Dale, Henry Hallett ... Darwin, Charles Electronic Texts and Documents on Charles Darwin Dausset, Jean

63. Nobel Prizes In Physics nobel Prizes in Physics. on particle physics 1985 Klaus v. Klitzing (Germany, *194306-28)Discovery of the quantum Hall effect 1986 ernst ruska (Germany, 1906 http://userpage.chemie.fu-berlin.de/diverse/bib/nobel_physik_e.html

Nobel Prizes in Physics Deutsche Version dieser Seite (Information not checked) (Germany, 1845-03-27 - 1923-02-10) Discovery of X rays Hendrik A. Lorentz (Netherlands, 1853-07-18 - 1929-02-04) Pieter Zeeman (Netherlands, 1865-05-25 - 1943-10-09) Henri A. Becquerel (France, 1852-12-15 - 1908-08-25) Marie Curie (France, Poland, 1867-11-07 - 1934-07-04) Pierre Curie (France, 1859-05-15 - 1906-04-19) Discovery of radioactivity Lord Rayleigh (United Kingdom) Philipp E. Lenard (Germany, 1862-06-07 - 1947-05-20) Joseph J. Thomson (United Kingdom, 1856-12-18 - 1940-04-30) Conduction of electricity in gases Albert A. Michelson (USA, 1852-12-19 - 1931-05-09) Measurement of the speed of light G. Lippmann (France) Karl Ferdinand Braun (Germany, 1850-06-06 - 1918-04-20) Guglielmo Marconi (Italy, 1874-04-25 - 1937-07-20) wireless telegraphy Johann D. van der Waals (Netherlands, 1837-11-23 - 1923-03-07) Molecular forces Wilhelm Wien (Germany, 1864-01-13 - 1928-08-30) Heat radiation (Sweden) H. Kamerlingh Onnes (Netherlands) Max von Laue (Germany, 1879-10-09 - 1960-04-24)

64. Prêmio Nobel De Física Lista dos ganhadores do Prêmio nobel de Física. Melvin Schwartz, Jack Steinberger1987 J. Georg Bednorz, K. Alexander Müller 1986 ernst ruska, Gerd Binnig http://www.ahistoriadafisica.hpg.ig.com.br/nobel.htm

Lista dos ganhadores do Prêmio Nobel de Física 2002 Raymond Davis Jr., Masatoshi Koshiba, Riccardo Giacconi 2001  Eric A. Cornell, Carl E. Wieman, Wolfgang Ketterle 2000 Zhores I Alferov, Herbert Kroemer, Jack S. Kilby 1999 Gerardus 't Hooft, Martinus J.G. Veltman 1998  Robert B. Laughlin, Horst L. Störmer, Daniel C. Tsui 1997 Steven Chu, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, William D. Phillips 1996  David M. Lee, Douglas D. Osheroff, Robert C. Richardson 1995  Martin L. Perl, Frederick Reines 1994 Bertram N. Brockhouse, Clifford G. Shull 1993  Russell A. Hulse, Joseph H. Taylor Jr. 1992 Georges Charpak 1991  Pierre-Gilles de Gennes 1990 Jerome I. Friedman, Henry W. Kendall, Richard E. Taylor 1989  Norman F. Ramsey, Hans G. Dehmelt, Wolfgang Paul 1988  Leon M. Lederman, Melvin Schwartz, Jack Steinberger 1987  J. Georg Bednorz, K. Alexander Müller 1986 Ernst Ruska, Gerd Binnig, Heinrich Rohrer 1985  Klaus von Klitzing 1984  Carlo Rubbia, Simon van der Meer 1983 Subramanyan Chandrasekhar, William Alfred Fowler 1982 Kenneth G. Wilson

65. TU Berlin-About The TU, History And Anniversaries the fullyautomatic gear box by Hermann Föttinger (1877-1945), the electron microscopeby ernst ruska (1906-1988), for which he was awarded the nobel Prize in http://www.tu-berlin.de/eng/about_tu/geschichte.htm

History and anniversaries TU-Homepage About the TU profile reforms ... The roots of the TU Berlin The former North Portal of the Main Building Schinkel and Beuth The rise of technical science Focal points of progress Famous researchers ... TUB anniversaries The roots of the TU Berlin Top Schinkel and Beuth The Building Academy Both the Building Academy and the Vocational Academy in particular were associated with famous names. One of Prussia's most renowned architects, Friedrich Schinkel (1781-1841), designed the Academy building which was completed in 1835. The Vocational Academy was established by Christian W. Beuth (1781-1853), who was known as the "Father of Engineers" and played a major role in the industrialisation of Prussia. Students included many captains of industry such as August Borsig. Top The rise of technical science The Building Academy and the Vocational Academy were both institutes of higher education, but had no research remit. It was only with the creation of the Royal Technical College in 1879 that an institution for science, technology and engineering was established that was equal in standing to the existing universities. The establishment of various technical colleges in Germany reflected the growing importance of technology and the needs of the new industries for trained personnel. In 1899, Kaiser William II awarded the technical colleges in Prussia the right to award doctorates, making trained engineers formally equal in standing to academics trained in the humanities. Nevertheless various differences remained between the technical colleges and the universities.

66. Chemistry - Links For Chemists - Topics - Biographies Links to biographies of over 200 people who have advanced and refined the field of chemistry. A section Category Science Chemistry History...... Bernhard SE; nobel, Alfred Bernhard @ Bilkent TR; nobel, Alfred Bernhard Rohrer, Heinrich;Rumford, Count (see Thompson, Benjamin); ruska, ernst; Rutherford, Daniel; http://www.liv.ac.uk/Chemistry/Links/refbiog.html

Links for Chemists Chemistry section of the WWW Virtual Library Virtual Library Science Chemistry : Biographies of Famous Chemists Unless otherwise stated, the biographies listed below are provided and listed with the kind permission of the The Nobel Foundation . If you know of any biographies of Chemists or scientists whose work has advanced chemistry, that we do not list, please inform us via our comments form Alder, Kurt US @ St. Andrews UK Anfinsen, Christian B Arrhenius, Svante August Arrhenius, Svante August Arrhenius, Svante August IL Arrhenius, Svante August Arfwedson, Johan August Astbury, William T. @ Leeds UK Aston, Francis William Avogadro, Lorenzo Romano AMADEO Carlo, comte de Quaregna et de Ceretto Avogadro, Amedeo @ Heriot Watt UK Avogadro, Amedeo FR Avogadro, Amadeo @ Torino IT Avogadro, Amadeo US Baekeland, Leo Hendrik @ Time Magazine US von Baeyer, Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf Barton, Sir Derek Harold Richard Balmer, Johann Jakob @ St Andrews UK Beckman, Arnold Orville IL Beer, August Bequerel, Henri Antoine Bequerel, Henri Antoine

67. December 25 - Today In Science History died 27 May 1988 ernst August Friedrich ruska was a German electrical engineer whoinvented the electron microscope. He was awarded half of the nobel Prize for http://www.todayinsci.com/12/12_25.htm

DECEMBER 25 - BIRTHS Ernst Ruska (EB) Born 25 Dec 1906; died 27 May 1988 Ernst August Friedrich Ruska was a German electrical engineer who invented the electron microscope. He was awarded half of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1986 (the other half was divided between Heinrich Rohrer and Gerd Binnig). In 1928 Ruska attempted to focus an electron beam with an electromagnetic lens. He went on to add a second lens and thus produced the first electron microscope; it had a magnifying power of about seventeen. Improvements, however, came quickly and by 1933 the magnifying power had been increased to 7000. Soon after he joined the firm of Siemens and began to work on the production of commercial models. The first such model appeared on the market in 1939. It had a resolution of about 250-500 angstroms. Gerhard Herzberg (source) Born 25 Dec 1904; died 4 Mar 1999. German-Canadian physicist and winner of the 1971 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for his work in determining the electronic structure and geometry of molecules, especially free radicals: groups of atoms that contain odd numbers of electrons. Herzberg is noted for his extensive work on the technique and interpretation of the spectra of molecules. He has elucidated the properties of many molecules, ions, and radicals and also contributed to the use of spectroscopy in astronomy (e.g., in detecting hydrogen in space). His work includes the first measurements of the Lamb shifts (important in quantum electrodynamics) in deuterium, helium, and the positive lithium ion.

68. Scientists: Applied Sciences And Technology Kennelly, Arthur Edwin; Poulsen, Valdemar; ruska, ernst; Siemens, ernst Werner von; nobel,Alfred Bernhard; Otis, Elisha Graves; Remington, Eliphalet; Singer http://www.factmonster.com/spot/scibio1.html

Notable Scientists: Applied Sciences and Technology Agriculturalists, computer scientists, electrical engineers, engineers, and inventors Jump to a category: Agriculturalists Computer Scientists Electrical Engineers Engineers Inventors Agriculturalists RELATED LINKS Computers and the Internet Inventions and Discoveries Inventors Hall of Fame Atwater, Wilbur Olin ... Wiley, Harvey Washington Search for more scientists and other notable figures Computer Scientists Babbage, Charles Berners-Lee, Tim Gates, Bill Jobs, Steven Paul ... Wozniak, Steve Electrical Engineers Ferraris, Galileo Fleming, Sir John Ambrose Goldmark, Peter Carl Gramme, Zénobe-Théophile ... Steinmetz, Charles Proteus Engineers Ammann, Othmar Hermann Baker, Sir Benjamin Belidor, Bernard Forest de Benz, Karl ... Vitruvius Inventors Arkwright, Sir Richard Babbage, Charles Baird, John Logie Bell, Alexander Graham ... More Features ! AD AD AD AD AD Print this page Cite this page Awards and Press Link to Fact Monster Add Fact Monster search ... Privacy

69. Nobel Prize For Physics nobel Prize for Physics. 1985 Klaus von Klitzing (Germany), for developing an exactway of measuring electrical conductivity 1986 ernst ruska, Gerd Binnig (both http://www.factmonster.com/ipa/A0105785.html

Huge assortment of web cameras, spycams and live surveillance products - at great prices ! Bargain.com.. Movies , videos with your favorite celebrity ! Magazines, newsletters, stories and pics from around the world! All Infoplease All Almanacs General Entertainment Sports Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Infoplease Home Almanacs Atlas Dictionary ... Fact Monster Kids' reference Info:Daily Fun facts Homework Center Newsletter You've got info! Help Site Map Visit related sites from: Family Education Network Arts and Entertainment Awards Nobel Prizes Nobel Prize for Physics For years not listed, no award was made. Wilhelm K. Roentgen (Germany), for discovery of Roentgen rays Hendrik A. Lorentz and Pieter Zeeman (Netherlands), for work on influence of magnetism upon radiation A. Henri Becquerel (France), for work on spontaneous radioactivity; and Pierre and Marie Curie (France), for study of radiation John Strutt (Lord Rayleigh) (U.K.), for discovery of argon in investigating gas density Philipp Lenard (Germany), for work with cathode rays Sir Joseph Thomson (U.K.), for investigations on passage of electricity through gases

70. Russian Society Of Scanning Probe Microscopy And Nanotechnology along with his colleague, Gerd K. Binnig, was awarded the nobel Prize in atomic diameters.Theyshared the award with German scientist ernst ruska, designer of http://www.nanoworld.org/english/museum.htm

MUSEUM of SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY and NANOTECHNOLOGY Founding Fathers of Scanning Probe Microscopy. Milestones on Scanning Probe Microscopy development. First models of Scanning Probe Microscopes. First russian Scanning Probe Microscopes. ... Nanotechnology - birth and first steps. The organizers of a Museum beforehand apologize for incompleteness of an exposition and ask the visitors of a Museum to send the remarks and exhibits. Administration. Founding Fathers of Scanning Probe Microscopy. The founders Scanning Probe Microscopy are Binnig Rohrer . Patent for Scanning Tunneling Microscope was issued Aug. 10, 1982 (Priority Sept. 20, 1979) Patent. Figures 1-6 Figures 7-12 Figures 13-14 Heinrich Rohrer , left, and Gerd K. Binnig

71. FÝZÝK NOBEL ÖDÜLLERÝ FIZIK nobel ÖDÜLLERI. 1901. RÖNTGEN, WILHELM CONRAD. 1986. ruska, ernst.Federal Almanya Cumhuriyeti, FritzHaber-Instituti Berlin, d. 1906, ö. 1988 http://www.tubitak.gov.tr/nobel/fizik-nodul.html

FÝZÝK NOBEL ÖDÜLLERÝ RÖNTGEN, WILHELM CONRAD Almanya, Münih Üniversitesi, d.1845, ö.1923: “Sonradan adýyla anýlmaya baþlayacak olan önemli ýþýn tipini buluþuyla olanaklý kýldýðý üstün hizmetler için” LORENTZ, HENDRIK ANTOON Hollanda, Leyden Üniversitesi, d.1853, ö. 1928 ZEEMAN, PIETER Hollanda, Amsterdam Üniversitesi, d.1865, ö. 1943: “Manyetizmanýn radyasyon üzerine etkileri konusundaki çalýþmalarýyla verdikleri üstün hizmetler için” BECQUEREL, ANTOINE HENRI Fransa, Ecole Polytechnique, Paris, d.1852, ö.1908: “Kendiliðinden radyoaktiflik olgusunu keþfiyle saðladýðý üstün hizmetler için” CURIE, PIERRE Fransa, Ecole municipale de physique et de chimie industrielles, Paris, d.1859, ö. 1906; ve eþi: CURIE i MARIE, nee SKLODOWSKA Fransa, d.1867 (Varþova, Polonya), ö.1934: “Profesör Henri Becquerel tarafýndan bulunan radyasyon olgusu üzerine yaptýklarý ortak çalýþmalarla saðladýklarý üstün hizmetler için” RAYLEIGH, Lord (J. W. STRUTT) Ýngiltere, Royal Institution, Londra, d.1842, ö.1919: “Önemli gazlarýn çoðunun yoðunluklarýný buluþu ve bu çalýþmalarý sýrasýnda argonu keþfediþi için” LENARD, PHILIPP EDUARD ANTON

72. Nobel Laureates In Physics 1901 - 1996 to perform more complex searches, use the search page of the nobel Foundation Theprize was divided, with one half awarded to ruska, ernst, Federal Republic of http://physics.hallym.ac.kr/reference/nobel/nobel-ph.html

Origin Nobel Laureates in Physics 1901 - 1996 REVISED: Oct. 22, 1996 This page is a service of the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center Library . It contains a list in reverse chronological order of the award winners with brief biographical information and a description of the discovery taken from the Nobel Foundation's text describing each Laureate's discovery and other sources. Additional information, corrections and comments are welcome If your browser does not support keyword searching within a document, or if you wish to perform more complex searches, use the search page of the Nobel Foundation. The Center for the History of Physics of the American Institute of Physics provides a rich supplemental resource for this subject. Credits Explanation of institutional affiliations: CA AA WA Browse: Physics 1996 The prize was awarded jointly to: Lee, David M., U.S.A., b. 1931, CA: Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, AA: Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, WA: Cornell University, Ithaca, NY Cornell University press release and Osheroff, Douglas D.,

73. Physics Awards ernst ruska page Semiconductors. Britney Spears Awards. nobel prize in physics1997 to Steven Chu, Claude CohenTannoudji and William Phillips nobel prize http://felix.unife.it/ /p

74. The Nobel Prize In Physics 1986 nobel Prize in Physics. ernst ruska (Germany) for his fundamental workin electron optics, and for the design of the first electron microscope http://www.fi.uib.no/~ladi/Nobel95.html

SLAC from : August 31, 1995 Updated Oct. 11, 1995 by L.K. The Nobel Prize in Physics: 1995-1901 Origin of this material Patrick Clancey This page, hosted by the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, is my personal contribution: all errors and omissions are mine alone. The information has been gathered from a wide variety of sources, and the nationality indicated for each laureate is my best determination of where the relevant work was done. Included for each year are the names and "nationalities" of the recipients, the commendation for the award, and bibliographic citations from the SPIRES HEP databases (including the full text of acceptance speeches, where available). Additions, corrections, and pointers to other relevant URLs will be gratefully accepted. Copy for local purposes: L. Kocbach 1995 Nobel Prize in Physics Martin L. Perl, United States; Frederick Reines, United States, for pioneering experimental contributions to lepton physics. 1994 Nobel Prize in Physics Bertran N. Brockhouse (Canada) (see also: Great Canadian Scientists) and Clifford G. Schull

75. FHI History, Page 7 In 1986 ernst ruska was awarded the nobel price for his scientific achievementsin connection with the development of the electron microscope. http://www.fhi-berlin.mpg.de/grz/history/page7.html

Development into a surface and interface science research center In October 1958 Rudolf Brill was appointed director of the institute and in March 1959 he succeeded Max von Laue as chief institute director. Brill headed the institute until the spring of 1969. Amongst other subjects, his was engaged in studies of catalytic properties for heterogeneous reactions which were investigated using X-ray diffraction methods and kinetic measurements. He took a particular interest in catalysts used in the ammonia synthesis as well as in hydrogenation and oxidation catalysts. From 1955 to 1964 three new buildings on Faradayweg 16 were added to the institute, housing Ueberreiter's group and taken over later by the departments of Profs. Block and Hosemann. The buildings had been used previously by the Max-Planck Institute for Silicate Research housing a group working on micromorphology of silicates. Alexander Bradshaw was appointed Scientific Fellow and director at the institute heading the Department of Surface Physics. Since 1976 he had built up his own group in the Department of Physical Chemistry, with emphasis on the spectroscopy of solid surfaces and on the study of chemisorbed molecules. In 1999 Bradshaw accepted the request to become chief director of the Institute for Plasma Physics of the MPG in Garching and Greifswald, and in 2002 his Department of Surface Physics was terminated. In 1986 Gerhard Ertl succeeded Gerischer as director of the Department of Physical Chemistry and was appointed Scientific Fellow at the institute. His research interests focus on structure and chemical reactions at solid surfaces.

76. The Nobel Lauriates Of Germany. ernst ruska 1986 nobel Laureate in Physics for his fundamental work in electronoptics, and for the design of the first electron microscope. http://165.29.91.7/cultfair/99-00/demillen/cfai.htm

Here are more German Nobel Lauriats, including the year and field that they won. VICTOR FRANZ HESS 1936 Nobel Laureate in Physics for his discovery of cosmic radiation FRITZ PREGL 1923 Nobel Laureate in Chemistry for his invention of the method of micro-analysis of organic substances LUDWIG QUIDDE 1927 Nobel Peace Prize Laureate WOLFGANG PAUL 1989 Nobel Laureate in Physics for the development of the ion trap technique. ROBERT HUBER 1988 Nobel Laureate in Chemistry for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre. HARTMUT MICHEL 1988 Nobel Laureate in Chemistry for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre. OTTO LOEWI 1936 Nobel Laureate in Medicine for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses. CARL FERDINAND CORI 1947 Nobel Laureate in Medicine for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen KARL VON FRISCH 1973 Nobel Laureate in Medicine for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns.

77. The Hindu : Nobel Laureates In Physics: Down Memory Lane nobel Laureates in physics Down memory lane. 1986 ernst ruska for his fundamentalwork in electron optics, and for the design of the first electron microscope http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/2001/10/11/stories/08110005.htm

Online edition of India's National Newspaper Thursday, October 11, 2001 Front Page National Southern States Other States ... Next Nobel Laureates in physics: Down memory lane 2001 WOLFGANG KETTERLE, ERIC CORNELL AND CARL WEIMANN for their achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates. 2000-1991 2000 ZHORES I. ALFEROV, and HERBERT KROEMER for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and opto- electronics and JACK ST. CLAIR KILBY for his part in invention of the integrated circuit. 1999 GERARDUS 'T HOOFT, and MARTINUS J.G. VELTMAN for elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics. 1998 ROBERT B. LAUGHLIN, HORST L. STORMER and DANIEL C. TSUI for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations. 1997 STEVEN CHU, CLAUDE COHEN-TANNOUDJI and WILLIAM D. PHILLIPS for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light. 1996 DAVID M. LEE, DOUGLAS D. OSHEROFF and ROBERT C. RICHARDSON for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3.

78. Behind The Name: Nobel Prize Winners By Category Behind the Name the etymology and history of first names. nobel Prize Winnersby Category. Klaus von Klitzing, 1985, Physics, ernst ruska, 1986, Physics, http://www.behindthename.com/namesakes/nobelchro.html

t h e e t y m o l o g y a n d h i s t o r y o f f i r s t n a m e s Nobel Prize Winners by Category Name Years Type Also Known As Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff Chemistry Hermann Emil Fischer Chemistry Svante August Arrhenius Chemistry Sir William Ramsay Chemistry Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer Chemistry Henri Moissan Chemistry Eduard Buchner Chemistry Ernest Rutherford Chemistry Wilhelm Ostwald Chemistry Otto Wallach Chemistry Marie Curie Chemistry Paul Sabatier Chemistry Victor Grignard Chemistry Alfred Werner Chemistry Theodore William Richards Chemistry Chemistry Fritz Haber Chemistry Walther Hermann Nernst Chemistry Frederick Soddy Chemistry Francis William Aston Chemistry Fritz Pregl Chemistry Richard Adolf Zsigmondy Chemistry The Svedberg Chemistry (Theodor) Heinrich Otto Wieland Chemistry Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus Chemistry Arthur Harden Chemistry Hans Karl August Simon von Euler-Chelpin Chemistry Hans Fischer Chemistry Carl Bosch Chemistry Friedrich Bergius Chemistry Irving Langmuir Chemistry Harold Clayton Urey Chemistry Chemistry Chemistry Petrus Josephus Wilhelmus Debye Chemistry (Peter) Paul Karrer Chemistry Walter Norman Haworth Chemistry Richard Kuhn Chemistry Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt Chemistry Leopold Ruzicka Chemistry George de Hevesy Chemistry Otto Hahn Chemistry Artturi Ilmari Virtanen Chemistry James Batcheller Sumner Chemistry John Howard Northrop Chemistry Wendell Meredith Stanley Chemistry Sir Robert Robinson Chemistry Arne Wilhelm Kaurin Tiselius Chemistry William Francis Giauque Chemistry Kurt Alder Chemistry Otto Paul Hermann Diels

79. Ernst.ruska.de The development of the electron microscope and of early electron microscopyNobel lecture, December 8, 1986. by ernst ruska. Index http://ernst.ruska.de/daten_e/library/documents/999.nobellecture/lecture.html

The development of the electron microscope and of early electron microscopy Nobel lecture, December 8, 1986 by Ernst Ruska Index A . B. School, vocational choice C. The cathode-ray oscillograph and the short coil D. Why I pursued the magnetic electron lens for the electron microscope E. The invention of the electron microscope F. How the industrial production of electron microscopes came to be G. Development of electron microscopy after 1945 A month ago, the Nobel Foundation sent me its yearbook of 1985. From it I learnt that many Nobel lectures are downright scicntific lectures, interspersed with curves, synoptic tables and quotations. I am somewhat reluctant to give here such a lecture on something that can be looked up in any modern schoolbook on physics. I will therefore not so much report here on physical and technical details and their connections but rather on the human experiences - some joyful events and many disappointments which had not been spared me and my colleagues on our way to the final breakthrough. This is not meant to be a complaint though; I rather feel that such experiences of scientists in quest of new approaches are absolutely understandable, or even normal. In such a representation I must, of course, consider the influence of my environment, in particular of my family. There have already been some scientists in my family: My father

80. Nobel-díjasok USA); Fowler, William A. (1911, USA) Csandraszekar a nobel-díjat azoknak 1986Ruska, ernst (1906-, NSZK); Binnig, Gerd (1947-, NSZK); Rohrer, Heinrich (1933 http://www.szulocsatorna.hu/fizika/atom/nobel.htm

Nobel-díjasok az atomfizikában Készítette : Porkoláb Tamás 1901 Röntgen, Wilhelm Conrad (1845-1923, Német Birodalom): "a róla elnevezett sugarak fölfedezésével szerzett rendkívüli érdemeinek elismeréseként". 1903 Becquerel, Antoine Henri (1852-1908, Franciaország); Curie, Pierre (1859-1906, Franciaország) és Curie, Marie szül. Sklodowska (1867-1934, Franciaország): Becqerel a Nobel-díjat "a spontán radioaktivitás fölfedezésével nyújtott rendkívüli tejesítményének elismeréseként" nyerte el. Marie és Pierre Curie "a Henri Becquerel által fölfedezett sugárzási jelenségekre vonatkozó együttes vizsgálataikért kapták a díjat. 1905 Lenard, Philipp (1862-1947, Német Birodalom): "a katódsugarakkal összefüggõ munkáiért". 1906 Thomson, Sir Joseph John (1856-1940, Anglia) : "a gázokon áthaladó elektromosság elméleti és kísérleti vizsgálataival szerzett érdemei elismeréséül". 1914 Laue, Max von (1879-1960, Német Birodalom): "a kristályokon áthaladó röntgensugarak elhajlásának fölfedezéséért". 1915 Bragg, William Henry (1862-1942, Anglia);

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