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         Schawlow Arthur L:     more detail
  1. A life in physics: Bell Telephone Laboratories and World War II, Columbia University and the laser, MIT and government service, California and research in astrophysics : oral history transcript / 1994 by Suzanne B Riess, Charles H. ive Townes, et all 2010-09-07
  2. Molecular and Laser Spectroscopy (Springer Series in Chemical Physics) by Zu-Geng Wang, Hui-Rong Xia, 1991-06-03
  3. Optics and laser spectroscopy, Bell Telephone Laboratories, 1951-1961, and Stanford University since 1961: oral history transcript / 1998 by Arthur L. Schawlow, B P. Stoicheff, et all 2010-09-07
  4. Lasers, Spectroscopy and New Ideas: A Tribute to Arthur L. Schawlow (Springer Series in Optical Sciences)
  5. Biography - Schawlow, Arthur L(eonard) (1921-1999): An article from: Contemporary Authors Online by Gale Reference Team, 2005-01-01
  6. Lasers and Light by Arthur L. - Introduction Schawlow, 1969
  7. Person (Toronto): Arthur L. Schawlow, Neil Young, Lester Pearson, Liste der Söhne und Töchter von Toronto, Glenn Gould, Stephen Harper (German Edition)
  8. Physik-Preis: Nobelpreis Für Physik, Ernest-Orlando-Lawrence-Preis, Dannie-Heineman-Preis Für Mathematische Physik, Arthur L. Schawlow Award (German Edition)
  9. Optical masers by Arthur L Schawlow, 1961
  10. Lasers and coherent light. by Arthur L. SCHAWLOW, 1967-01-01
  11. Advances in optical masers by Arthur L Schawlow, 1963
  12. Lasers and their uses (The Charles H. Davis lecture series) by Arthur L Schawlow, 1983
  13. Infrared and optical masers (Physical review) by Arthur L Schawlow, 1959

61. Archive: SETI Arthur Schawlow, Nobel Laureate And Co-inventor Of The Laser,
salisbury@stanford.edu 4/29/99 arthur schawlow, nobel laureate and coinventorof the laser, dies By David F. Salisbury arthur L. schawlow, aka The
http://seti.sentry.net/archive/public/1999/5-99/00000027.htm
SETI Arthur Schawlow, Nobel laureate and co-inventor of the laser,
Larry Klaes ( lklaes@bbn.com
Tue, 04 May 1999 15:30:57 -0400

>Approved-By: "H. Alan Montgomery" <fhd@LCC.NET>
>From: "H. Alan Montgomery" <fhd@lcc.net>
laser, dies
28, at
used a
>"ray gun" laser to shoot through a transparent balloon to pop a dark Mickey
illustrate
character: the
irrepressible California-Berkeley, data As a provide beam >faculty at the University of Toronto, writes, "It was a special pleasure to serenading his >atomic beam with the clarinet, which he played reasonably well." His repertoire evenings to various took established >leader in the field of microwave spectroscopy. "It has been an enormous >privilege to have known Art and work with him," Townes said last year at a >symposium honoring his colleague. "I appreciate him as a fantastically good

62. Nobel Laureates Call For Action On Global Warming At The Kyoto Climate Summit
nobel LAUREATES. * Philip W. Anderson, USA. Physiology/Medicine 1982 * FrederickSanger, UK. Chemistry 1958, 1980 * arthur L. schawlow, USA.
http://dieoff.org/page123.htm
Home
WORLD SCIENTISTS' CALL FOR ACTION
AT THE KYOTO CLIMATE SUMMIT
Five years ago, in the World Scientists' Warning to Humanity , 1600 of the world's senior scientists sounded an unprecedented warning: Human activities inflict harsh and often irreversible damage on the environment and on critical resources. If not checked, many of our current practices put at serious risk the future that we wish for human society and the plant and animal kingdoms. Addressed to political, industrial, religious, and scientific leaders, the Warning demonstrated that the scientific community had reached a consensus that grave threats imperil the future of humanity and the global environment. However, over four years have passed, and progress has been woefully inadequate. Some of the most serious problems have worsened. Invaluable time has been squandered because so few leaders have risen to the challenge. The December 1997 Climate Summit in Kyoto, Japan, presents a unique opportunity. The world's political leaders can demonstrate a new commitment to the protection of the environment. The goal is to strengthen the 1992 Framework Convention on Climate Change by agreeing to effective controls on human practices affecting climate. This they can and must do, primarily by augmenting the Convention's voluntary measures with legally binding commitments to reduce industrial nations' emissions of heat-trapping gases significantly below 1990 levels in accordance with a near-term timetable.

63. The Hindu : Nobel Laureates In Physics: Down Memory Lane
Science Tech Previous Next nobel Laureates in physics Down memory lane. 1981NICOLAAS BLOEMBERGEN and arthur L. schawlow for their contribution to the
http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/2001/10/11/stories/08110005.htm
Online edition of India's National Newspaper
Thursday, October 11, 2001
Front Page
National Southern States Other States ... Next
Nobel Laureates in physics: Down memory lane
2001 WOLFGANG KETTERLE, ERIC CORNELL AND CARL WEIMANN for their achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates. 2000-1991 2000 ZHORES I. ALFEROV, and HERBERT KROEMER for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and opto- electronics and JACK ST. CLAIR KILBY for his part in invention of the integrated circuit. 1999 GERARDUS 'T HOOFT, and MARTINUS J.G. VELTMAN for elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics. 1998 ROBERT B. LAUGHLIN, HORST L. STORMER and DANIEL C. TSUI for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations. 1997 STEVEN CHU, CLAUDE COHEN-TANNOUDJI and WILLIAM D. PHILLIPS for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light. 1996 DAVID M. LEE, DOUGLAS D. OSHEROFF and ROBERT C. RICHARDSON for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3.

64. 2002 IPF Speakers
prizes and awards, including the arthur L. schawlow Prize 1974 by TW Hänsch and ALschawlow has opened achievements recognized by the Physics nobel Prizes of
http://www.aip.org/aip/corporate/2002/haensch.htm

Director at the Max-Planck-Institute for Quantum Optics
Proessor of Physics
Ludwig-Maximilians-University
, Munich Germany
Atomtronics - Abstract

Back to the 2002 IPF Program

65. 20th Century Year By Year 1981
nobel Prizes. jointly to BLOEMBERGEN, NICOLAAS, USA, Harvard University, Cambridge,MA, b. 1920 (in the Netherlands); and schawlow, arthur L., USA, Stanford
http://www.multied.com/20th/1981.html

66. 1998 OSA Annual Meeting
OSA Special Memorial Session in Honor of arthur L. schawlow (1921 arthur schawlowcontributed enormously to laser science in 1981 he received the nobel Prize for
http://www.osa.org/meetings/archives/1999/Annual/gen/HLights.htm
ILS Highlights
ILS Technical Program
The ILS-XV conference, sponsored in cooperation with the OSA, is the annual meeting of the Division of Laser Science (DLS) of the American Physical Society (APS). The ILS conference series, first held in Dallas in 1985, was established to survey the core laser science areas, including lasers and their properties, nonlinear optical properties, applications of lasers in physics and chemistry, and a selection of laser applications in other areas of science and technology. Authoritative plenary, critical review and invited lectures will be presented, along with numerous contributed papers on recent research results of interest to the community. In addition, coordinated joint sessions are planned with OSA.
ILS/OSA Special Memorial Session in Honor of Arthur L. Schawlow (1921-1999)
ILS Plenary Session
Monday, September 27, 1999
The 1999 ILS Plenary Speaker will be H. Jeff Kimble, CalTech . The title of the talk will be The Quantum Optics Circus - Flying Photons, Acrobatic Atoms, and Teleported Tuataras.

67. The Nobel Prize
A.) Fowler 1982 ? (Kenneth G. Wilson) 1981 ?(Nicolaas Bloembergen), (arthur L. schawlow), ?
http://home.megapass.co.kr/~jayleen/physics/psy-index.htm
Eric A. Cornell), º¼ÇÁ°­ ÄÉÅ׸¦·¹(Wolfgang Ketterle), Ä® À§¸Õ(Carl E. Wieman)
Zhores I. Alferov), Çã¹öÆ® Å©·Ú¸Ó(Herbert Kroemer), Àè ųºñ(Jack S. Kilby)
Gerardus 't Hooft), ¸¶¸£Æ¼´µ½º º§Æ®¸¸(Martinus J.G. Veltman)
Steven Chu), Ŭ·Îµå ÄÚ¾Ó Å¸´©Áö(Claude Cohen-Tannoudji), Àª¸®¾ö Çʸ³½º(William D. Phillips)
David M. Lee), ´õ±Û·¯½º ¿À¼Å·ÎÇÁ(Douglas D. Osheroff), ·Î¹öÆ® ¸®³µå½¼(Robert C. Richardson)
Martin L. Perl), ÇÁ·¹µ¥¸¯ ¶óÀνº(Frederick Reines)
Bertram N. Brockhouse), Ŭ¸®Æ÷µå ¼È(Clifford G. Shull)
Russell A. Hulse), Á¶ÁöÇÁ Å×ÀÏ·¯(Joseph H. Taylor Jr.)
Georges Charpak)
Pierre-Gilles de Gennes)
Jerome I. Friedman), Ç ĵµé(Henry W. Kendall), ¸®³µå ŸÀÏ·¯(Richard E. Taylor) Norman F. Ramsey), Çѽº µ¥¸áÆ®(Hans G. Dehmelt), º¼ÇÁ°­ ÆÄ¿ï(Wolfgang Paul) Leon M. Lederman), ¸áºó ½´¹Ù¸£÷(Melvin Schwartz), Àè ½ºÅ¸Àιö°Å(Jack Steinberger) Ernst Ruska), °Ô¸£Æ® ºñ´ÏÈ÷(Gerd Binnig), ÇÏÀθ®È÷ ·Î·¯(Heinrich Rohrer) Klaus von Klitzing) Carlo Rubbia), ½¸ó ¹Ý µ¥¸£ Æ丣(Simon van der Meer) Subramanyan Chandrasekhar), Àª¸®¾ö ÆÄ¿ï·¯(William A.) Fowler Kenneth G. Wilson)

68. Nederlandse Nobelprijswinnaars
Link to further information at the nobel foundation. Top. Physics 1981. schawlow,arthur L., USA, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, * 1921
http://www.uu.nl/nieuws/nobelprijswinnaars/nobelprijswinnaars_nederland.html
Nederlandse Nobelprijswinnaars Nobel Prize winners of Dutch origin
(This page is an adaptation of information provided by the Nobel foundation Professor 't Hooft and Professor Veltman are the 17 th and 18 th person of Dutch origin to receive a Nobel Prize.
The others are: ASSER , for Peace, 1911 LORENTZ , for Physics, 1902 BLOEMBERGEN , for Physics, 1981 TINBERGEN, JAN for Economic Sciences, 1969 CRUTZEN , for Chemistry, 1995 TINBERGEN, NIKOLAAS , for Physiology or Medicine, 1973 DEBYE , for Chemistry, 1936 VAN DER MEER , for Physics, 1984 EIJKMAN , for Physiology or Medicine, 1929 VAN DER WAALS , for Physics, 1910 EINTHOVEN , for Physiology or Medicine, 1924 VAN'T HOFF , for Chemistry, 1901 KAMERLINGH-ONNES , for Physics, 1913 ZEEMAN , for Physics, 1902 KOOPMANS , for Economic Sciences, 1975 ZERNIKE , for Physics, 1953
Physics 1902 The prize was awarded jointly to: LORENTZ ZEEMAN "in recognition of the extraordinary service they rendered by their researches into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena"

69. Encyclopædia Britannica
schawlow, arthur L. American physicist and corecipient, with Nicolaas Bloembergenof the United Manne Börje Siegbahn of Sweden, of the 1981 nobel Prize for
http://search.britannica.com/search?query=laser spectroscopy

70. Nobel Prize In Physics Winners 1999-
nobel Prize in Physics Winners 19991901. 1981, The prize was awarded by onehalf jointly to NICOLAAS BLOEMBERGEN and arthur L. schawlow for their
http://www.fizik.itu.edu.tr/eng/phy_nobel.html
Nobel Prize in Physics Winners 1999-1901 The prize was awarded jointly to: ZHORES ALFEROV , and HERBERT KROEMER for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and opto-electronics The prize was awarded jointly to: GERARDUS 'T HOOFT , and MARTINUS J.G. VELTMAN for elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics. The prize was awarded jointly to: ROBERT B. LAUGHLIN HORST L. STORMER and DANIEL C. TSUI for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations. The prize was awarded jointly to: STEVEN CHU CLAUDE COHEN-TANNOUDJI and WILLIAM D. PHILLIPS for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light. The prize was awarded jointly to: DAVID M. LEE DOUGLAS D. OSHEROFF and ROBERT C. RICHARDSON for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3. The prize was awarded for pioneering experimental contributions to lepton physics, with one half to: MARTIN L. PERL

71. Nobel Prizes In Physics
http//www.chem.yorku.ca/NAMED/. nobel PRIZE PHYSICS. YEAR. NAME OF SCIENTISTS. DutchAmerican.spectroscopy. 1981. arthur L. schawlow. American. spectroscopy.
http://www.chem.yorku.ca/NAMED/NOBEL/PHYS/
Nobel Prizes in Physics
Department of Chemistry, York University
4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ONTARIO M3J 1P3, CANADA For suggestions, corrections, additional information, and comments please send e-mails to jandraos@yorku.ca http://www.chem.yorku.ca/NAMED/ NOBEL PRIZE PHYSICS YEAR NAME OF SCIENTISTS NATIONALITY TYPE OF PHYSICS Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen German radiation Henrik Antoon Lorentz Dutch magnetism, radiation Pieter Zeeman Dutch magnetism, radiation Pierre Curie French radiation Marie Curie French radiation Antoine Henri Becquerel French radiation Lord John William Strutt Rayleigh British gases Philipp Eduard Anton Lenard Hungarian-German cathode rays Sir Joseph John Thomson British gases Albert Abraham Michelson German-American spectroscopy Gabriel Lippmann French optics Guglielmo Marconi Italian telegraphy Carl Ferdinand Braun German telegraphy Johannes Diderik van der Waals Dutch gases Wilhelm Wien German radiation Nils Gustaf Dalen Swedish gases Heike Kamerlingh-Onnes Dutch cryogenics Max von Laue German crystallography Sir William Henry Bragg British crystallography Sir William Lawrence Bragg British crystallography no prize awarded Charles Glover Barkla British radiation Max Planck German quantum theory, radiation

72. Slipcue.com Obituary Listings
arthur L. schawlow, cowinner of the 1981 nobel Prize in Physics for his rolein the development of lasers, died on Wednesday at a hospital in Palo Alto
http://www.slipcue.com/obits/01/obits15.html
ROCKIN' IN THE GRAVEYARD
Recent Obituaries of Interest
For your edification... some more obituaries...
Jean Vander Pyl, 79, the Voice of Wilma on `The Flintstones'
Courtesy of Reuters News Service
Jean Vander Pyl, the voice of Wilma Flintstone, whose trademark yell, "Fre-e-e-ed," was heard in homes around the world as she shouted at her husband in the popular Hanna-Barbera television cartoon series, died on Saturday at her home here. She was 79. The cause was lung cancer, said her son Michael O'Meara. Ms. Vander Pyl, who played a host of characters in various radio shows and animated television series, was also the voice of Pebbles, the Flintstone's daughter, and did extra duty as Mrs. Slate, the wife of Fred Flintstone's boss. After graduating from Beverly Hills High School, Ms. Vander Pyl got her start as a radio actress in the radio series "Calling All Cops," the precursor to television's "Dragnet," mostly playing damsels in distress. She went on to play the mother on radio's "Father Knows Best" and Andy's many girlfriends on "Amos 'n'Andy." In addition to "The Flintstones" she was featured on that show's space-age counterpart, "The Jetsons," in which she performed the voices of seven characters, including George Jetson's mother-in-law, George's secretary, Rosie the robot maid and Mrs. Spacely, the boss's wife.

73. Nobel Physics Prize - Press Release 1981
the 1981 nobel Prize in Physics by one half jointly to Professor Nicolaas Bloembergen,Harvard University, USA, and Professor arthur L. schawlow, Stanford
http://physics.uplb.edu.ph/laureates/1981/press.html

74. Nobel Prize For Physics
nobel Prize for Physics. For years not listed, no award was made. 1901. 1981. NicolaasBloembergen, arthur L. schawlow (both US), and Kai M. Siegbahn (Sweden
http://homepages.shu.ac.uk/~acsdry/quizes/physics.htm
Nobel Prize for Physics For years not listed, no award was made. Wilhelm K. Roentgen (Germany), for discovery of Roentgen rays Hendrik A. Lorentz and Pieter Zeeman (Netherlands), for work on influence of magnetism upon radiation A. Henri Becquerel (France), for work on spontaneous radioactivity; and Pierre and Marie Curie (France), for study of radiation John Strutt (Lord Rayleigh) (U.K.), for discovery of argon in investigating gas density Philipp Lenard (Germany), for work with cathode rays Sir Joseph Thomson (U.K.), for investigations on passage of electricity through gases Albert A. Michelson (U.S.), for spectroscopic and metrologic investigations Gabriel Lippmann (France), for method of reproducing colors by photography Guglielmo Marconi (Italy) and Ferdinand Braun (Germany), for development of wireless Johannes D. van der Waals (Netherlands), for work with the equation of state for gases and liquids Wilhelm Wien (Germany), for his laws governing the radiation of heat Heike Kamerlingh-Onnes (Netherlands), for work leading to production of liquid helium Max von Laue (Germany), for discovery of diffraction of Roentgen rays passing through crystals

75. Cric.ca - Le Portail Du Canada - Guide éclair
Translate this page of Technology quand il a reçu le nobel. l'université Stanford en Californie à l'annoncedu 1981 Physique arthur schawlow, Ph.D. - université de Toronto, co
http://www.cric.ca/fr_html/guide/nobel/nobel.html

Robert Mundell

Myron Scholes
1994 Physique
Bertram Brockhouse
1993 Chimie
Michael Smith
1992 Chimie
Rudolph Marcus
1990 Physique
Richard Taylor
1989 Chimie
Sidney Altman
1986 Chimie
John Polanyi
1983 Chimie
Henry Taub
1981 Physique
Arthur Schawlow
Dr. David Hubel 1971 Chimie Gerhard Herzberg Charles Brenton Huggins 1957 Paix Lester B. Pearson 1949 Chimie William Giauque Sir Frederick Banting et J. R. Macleod Source: Toronto Star , 13 octobre 1999.

76. ÅôÞóéïò Ïäçãüò Ðåñéïäéêþí ôçò ÖõóéêÞò
S?d?a( nobel Foundation) st? site http//www.nobel.se/. spectroscopy 1962Nicolaas Bloembergen Laser spectroscopy arthur L. schawlow 1982 1972
http://www.physics4u.gr/indexnobel.html
Ôá Âñáâåßá Nobel ÖõóéêÞò (1901-1998)
Ôï Âñáâåßï áíáããÝëåôáé óôéò áñ÷Ýò êÜèå Ïêôùâñßïõ. Ï ðéï ãñÞãïñïò ôñüðïò íá ðÜñåé êáíåßò ôçí áíáããåëßá åßíáé íá óõíäåèåß ìå ôçí Óïõçäßá( Nobel Foundation) óôï site http://www.nobel.se/

77. IS FACILITATED COMMUNICATION REAL?
arthur L. schawlow is the JacksonWood Professor of Physics emeritus at StanfordUniversity. He received a nobel Prize in Physics in 1981 and the President's
http://soeweb.syr.edu/thefci/2-1sch.htm
This article originally appeared in Vol. 2 No. 1 (Nov., 1993) of the Facilitated Communication Digest, [pp. 8-9].
IS FACILITATED COMMUNICATION REAL?
Arthur L. Schawlow
Stanford University Arthur L. Schawlow is the Jackson-Wood Professor of Physics emeritus at Stanford University. He received a Nobel Prize in Physics in 1981 and the President's National Medal of Science in 1990. He has also received seven honorary doctorates from universities in six countries. Editor's note: On November 5 in Chicago, a joint press conference was held by TASH, ADAPT, and the National Parent Network on Disabilities, protesting the biased reporting in the PBS Frontline documentary "Prisoners of Silence." This is an expanded version of Arthur Schawlow's comments at that press conference. Although this method has been found independently in several places over the last 20 years, including by my late wife Aurelia and myself, it became widely known only during the last few years, mainly through the work of Rosemary Crossley in Australia, Douglas Biklen at Syracuse University, and Carol Berger of Eugene, Oregon. Many people are using it now, and the results have often been spectacular. To give just one instance, David Eastham in Canada wrote a book of poetry which was published and translated into French. He graduated from junior college before his untimely death, and his mother Margaret Eastham has detailed his accomplishments in the biography Silent Words.

78. Fq - Prémios Nobel Da Física
L. Perl, Frederick Reines; 1982 KennethG. Wilson; 1981 Nicolaas Bloembergen, arthur Leonard schawlow, Kai M
http://atelier.uarte.mct.pt/fq/quem/nobelfis.htm
Temas disponíveis Ácido-base Astronomia Átomo Dinâmica Electricidade Energia Estado gasoso Laboratório Orgânica Precipitação Reacções Soluções Substâncias Quem? Tabelas Outros links Índice Menu principal quem? Páginas neste tema Bibliografia Biografias Prémios Nobel da Física Prémios Nobel da Química Prémios Nobel da Física Galardoados com o Prémio Nobel da Física, atribuído pela Fundação Nobel , para distinguir trabalhos de grande importância na investigação Física:
  • 2002 Raymond Davis Jr., Masatoshi Koshiba, Riccardo Giacconi 2001 Eric A. Cornell, Wolfgang Ketterle, Carl E. Wieman 2000 Zhores I. Alferov, Herbert Kroemer, Jack S. Kilby 1999 Gerardus 't Hooft, Martinus J.G. Veltman 1998 Robert B. Laughlin, Horst L. Störmer, Daniel C. Tsui 1997 Steven Chu, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, William D. Phillips 1996 David M. Lee, Douglas D. Osheroff, Robert C. Richardson 1995 Martin L. Perl, Frederick Reines 1994 Bertram N. Brockhouse, Clifford G. Shull

79. The Nobel Prize In Physics
1981 nobel Prize in Physics. Nicolaas Bloembergen (United States) and arthur L. schawlow(United States Stanford) for their contribution to the development of
http://www.fi.uib.no/~ladi/Nobel95.html
SLAC from : August 31, 1995 Updated Oct. 11, 1995 by L.K.
The Nobel Prize in Physics: 1995-1901
Origin of this material Patrick Clancey This page, hosted by the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, is my personal contribution: all errors and omissions are mine alone. The information has been gathered from a wide variety of sources, and the nationality indicated for each laureate is my best determination of where the relevant work was done. Included for each year are the names and "nationalities" of the recipients, the commendation for the award, and bibliographic citations from the SPIRES HEP databases (including the full text of acceptance speeches, where available). Additions, corrections, and pointers to other relevant URLs will be gratefully accepted. Copy for local purposes: L. Kocbach
1995 Nobel Prize in Physics
Martin L. Perl, United States; Frederick Reines, United States,
for pioneering experimental contributions to lepton physics.
1994 Nobel Prize in Physics
Bertran N. Brockhouse (Canada) (see also: Great Canadian Scientists) and
Clifford G. Schull

80. Microgravity News
of Standards and Technology, was presented with the 1998 arthur L. schawlow Prizein Phillips received the 1997 nobel Prize in Physics and is a principal
http://mgnews.msfc.nasa.gov/winter98/newnotes.html
Winter 1998
Microgravity Researcher and Nobel Laureate
Earns Schawlow Prize in Laser Science
William Phillips is pictured in front of the ultrahigh vacuum chamber used in his research at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. As PI of a NASA ground-based investigation, Evaporative Cooling and Bose Condensates in Microgravity: Picokelvin Atoms in Space, Phillips continues to build on his work in laser cooling and trapping by investigating Bose-Einstein condensation, a phase transition in which a large fraction of the atoms in a substance essentially become stationary as stationary as the laws of quantum mechanics allow. This type of condensation has only recently been observed in certain gases. "Observation of the Bose-Einstein condensate is one of the things that has resulted from laser cooling and trapping, key technologies that first had to be developed. Being able to study these condensates has led to many possibilities, such as making atom lasers and studying new fields of research such as atom optics," says Phillips.
Software of the Year
Engineers Maria Babula, Lisa Lambert, Joe Ponyik, and Dave York, of the Flight Software Engineering Branch at Lewis Research Center (LeRC) in Cleveland, Ohio, along with Rick Tyo, of Intel Corporation, were presented with a 1998 NASA Software of the Year Award on November 5 at the Technology 2008 conference held in Boston, Massachusetts. The LeRC team won for developing Tempest, the first computer software that enables individuals to use standard World Wide Web browsers as an interface for conducting scientific experiments. NASA established the annual award in 1994 to recognize the development of innovative software technology that advances both NASA research and commercial initiatives that help American industry maintain world-class technology status.

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