61. The History Of The Transistor - John Bardeen - Walter Brattain - William Shockle John Bardeen and Walter Brattain and william shockley receivedthe nobel Prize in 1956 for the invention of the transistor. http://inventors.about.com/library/weekly/aa061698.htm

zfp=-1 About Homework Help Inventors Search in this topic on About on the Web in Products Web Hosting Inventors with Mary Bellis Your Guide to one of hundreds of sites Home Articles Forums ... Help zmhp('style="color:#fff"') Subjects ESSENTIALS 20th Century Inventions History of Computers/Internet A to Z Inventions ... All articles on this topic Stay up-to-date! Subscribe to our newsletter. Advertising Free Credit Report Free Psychics Advertisement Inventors of the Modern Computer The History of the Transistor - John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley Inventors of the Modern Computer Series Table of Contents Next Chapter John Eckert and John Mauchly - The UNIVAC ENTER More on the Transistor - John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley Furthur Reading Biographical information on John Bardeen, Walter Brattain and William Shockley, and more of the history behind the transistor. By Mary Bellis The transistor is an influential invention that changed the course of history for computers. The first generation of computers used vacuum tubes ; the second generation of computers used transistors; the third generation of computers used integrated circuits ; and the fourth generation of computers used microprocessors John Bardeen, William Shockley, and Walter Brattain, scientists at the Bell Telephone Laboratories in Murray Hill, New Jersey, were researching the behavior of crystals (germanium) as semi-conductors in an attempt to replace vacuum tubes as mechanical relays in telecommunications. The vacuum tube, used to amplify music and voice, made long-distance calling practical, but the tubes consumed power, created heat and burned out rapidly, requiring high maintenance.

62. Caltech Nobel And Crafoord Laureates nobel Laureates–29 winners (17 alumni), 30 prizes Name. Field. Year. Status.Robert A. Millikan. Chemistry. 1954. Faculty. william shockley, BS '32. Physics.1956. http://www.caltech.edu/nobel-crafoord/

Nobel Laureates Name Field Year Status Robert A. Millikan Physics Faculty Thomas Hunt Morgan Physiology or Medicine Faculty Carl D. Anderson, BS '27, PhD '30 Physics Faculty Edwin M. McMillan, BS '28, MS '29 Chemistry Linus Pauling, PhD '25 Chemistry Faculty William Shockley, BS '32 Physics George W. Beadle Physiology or Medicine Faculty Donald A. Glaser, PhD '50 Physics Rudolf Mossbauer Physics Faculty Peace Faculty Charles H. Townes, PhD '39 Physics Richard Feynman Physics Faculty Murray Gell-Mann Physics Faculty Physiology or Medicine Faculty *David Baltimore Physiology or Medicine President; Faculty Renato Dulbecco Physiology or Medicine Former faculty Leo James Rainwater, BS '39 Physics Howard M. Temin, PhD '60 Physiology or Medicine William N. Lipscomb, PhD '46 Chemistry Robert W. Wilson, PhD '62 Physics Roger W. Sperry Physiology or Medicine Faculty Kenneth G. Wilson, PhD '61 Physics William A. Fowler, PhD '36 Physics Faculty *Rudolph A. Marcus Chemistry Faculty *Edward B. Lewis, PhD '42 Physiology or Medicine Faculty Douglas D. Osheroff, BS '67 Physics Robert C. Merton, MS '67

63. People SolidState Physicist william shockley He fathered the transistor and brought thesilicon to Silicon Valley but is 1956 Founds company; is awarded nobel Prize. http://www.infoclub.com.np/lifestyle/people/s&t/william.htm

64. Fq - Prémios Nobel Da Física william Bradford shockley, John Bardeen http://atelier.uarte.mct.pt/fq/quem/nobelfis.htm

Temas disponíveis Ácido-base Astronomia Átomo Dinâmica Electricidade Energia Estado gasoso Laboratório Orgânica Precipitação Reacções Soluções Substâncias Quem? Tabelas Outros links Índice Menu principal quem? Páginas neste tema Bibliografia Biografias Prémios Nobel da Física Prémios Nobel da Química Prémios Nobel da Física Galardoados com o Prémio Nobel da Física, atribuído pela Fundação Nobel , para distinguir trabalhos de grande importância na investigação Física: 2002 Raymond Davis Jr., Masatoshi Koshiba, Riccardo Giacconi 2001 Eric A. Cornell, Wolfgang Ketterle, Carl E. Wieman 2000 Zhores I. Alferov, Herbert Kroemer, Jack S. Kilby 1999 Gerardus 't Hooft, Martinus J.G. Veltman 1998 Robert B. Laughlin, Horst L. Störmer, Daniel C. Tsui 1997 Steven Chu, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, William D. Phillips 1996 David M. Lee, Douglas D. Osheroff, Robert C. Richardson 1995 Martin L. Perl, Frederick Reines 1994 Bertram N. Brockhouse, Clifford G. Shull

65. Nobel Conference® - Previous Conferences Archive Langdon Gilkey *Polykarp Kusch *Glenn Seaborg Plus 24 nobel laureates and Glass*Polykarp Kusch R. Paul Ramsey Sheldon Reed *william shockley *Edward Tatum. http://www.gustavus.edu/events/nobel/archive/

*) denotes participants who are Nobel laureates. 2002 Website 2002 (XXXVIII ) - The Nurture of Nature Avshalom Caspi Jerome Kagan *Eric R. Kandel Eleanor E. Maccoby Thomas H. Murray Robert Plomin Judith L. Rapoport 2001 Website 2001 (XXXVII) - What is still to be discovered? *Edmond H. Fischer *Roald Hoffmann *Sir Harold W. Kroto *Stanley B. Prusiner Erling Norrby Sir John Maddox Comelia Dean 2000 Website 2000 (XXXVI) - Globalization 2000: Economic Prospects and Challenges Jagdish Bhagwati John B. Cobb Jr. Amitai Etzioni *Robert Mundell Jeffrey D. Sachs Michael Sohlman Joseph E. Stiglitz 1999 Website 1999 (XXXV) - Genetics in the New Millennium Bruce Baker Elizabeth Blackburn Lindon Eaves Dean Hamer Leroy Hood Evelyn Fox Keller J. Craig Venter

66. Nobel Conference® - Gustavus Adolphus College And The Nobel Foundation nobel Laureates Holding Honorary Degrees from Gustavus Adolphus College 2003 of ScienceEmilio G. Segrè Doctor of Science william B. shockley - Doctor of http://www.gustavus.edu/events/nobel/nobelfoundation/degrees.html

Nobel Laureates Holding Honorary Degrees from Gustavus Adolphus College Eric R. Kandel - Doctor of Science Edmond H. Fischer - Doctor of Science Roald Hoffmann - Doctor of Science Sir Harold W. Kroto - Doctor of Science Robert A. Mundell - Doctor of Humane Letters Toni Morrison - Doctor of Humane Letters F. Sherwood Rowland - Doctor of Science Philip W. Anderson - Doctor of Science Pierre-Gilles de Gennes - Doctor of Science David Hubel - Doctor of Science Elie Wiesel - Doctor of Humane Letters Baruj Benacerraf - Doctor of Science William A. Fowler - Doctor of Science Ilya Prigogine - Doctor of Science Sheldon Lee Glashow - Doctor of Science James Tobin - Doctor of Humane Letters Salvador Luria - Doctor of Science Herbert Simon - Doctor of Science Sir Peter Medawar - Doctor of Science Ragnar Granit - Doctor of Science Czeslaw Milosz - Doctor of Humane Letters George Snell - Doctor of Science Eugene Wigner - Doctor of Science William N. Lipscomb Jr. - Doctor of Science

67. Bell Labs Awards Transistor (1956) John Bardeen, Walter H. Brattain and william shockley receivedthe nobel Prize in Physics for inventing the transistor in 1947. http://www.bell-labs.com/about/awards.html

Bell Labs Home About Bell Labs History Awards People Research Areas Employment Software Downloads ... FAQs Awards Internationally recognized as the world's preeminent industrial research facility and as a center of scientific and engineering excellence, few institutions have had as great an impact on modern society as Bell Laboratories. Bell Labs scientists and engineers have earned thousands of awards. Our awards include: 6 Nobel Prizes in Physics shared by 11 scientists 9 U.S. Medals of Science 7 U.S. Medals of Technology 1 Draper Prize ... 27 IEEE Medal of Honor winners Details on significant awards include: Nobel Prize in Physics: Eleven researchers have received Nobel Prizes for work done while they were at Bell Labs. The Nobel Prize is the world's most coveted award in intellectual achievement. Categories for awards are physics, chemistry, medicine, literature, peace and economics. The awards honor Alfred Nobel, the Swedish chemist and philanthropist. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has awarded Nobel Prizes in Physics and Chemistry since 1901. Fractional Quantum Hall Effect (1998) Horst Stormer , Robert Laughlin, now at Stanford University, and Daniel Tsui, now at Princeton University, were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for the discovery and explanation of the fractional quantum Hall effect.

68. Nobel Prize Winners : Physics nobel Prize Winners in Physics. Year, Article, Country*, Achievement. shockley,william B. US, investigations on semiconductors and invention of the transistor. http://www.emsb.qc.ca/laurenhill/science/nobelph.html

Nobel Prize Winners in Physics Year Article Country* Achievement Röntgen, Wilhelm Conrad Germany discovery of X rays Lorentz, Hendrik Antoon The Netherlands investigation of the influence of magnetism on radiation Zeeman, Pieter The Netherlands investigation of the influence of magnetism on radiation Becquerel, Henri France discovery of spontaneous radioactivity Curie, Marie France investigations of radiation phenomena discovered by Becquerel Curie, Pierre France investigations of radiation phenomena discovered by Becquerel Rayleigh (of Terling Place), John William Strutt, 3rd Baron U.K. discovery of argon Lenard, Philipp Germany research on cathode rays Thomson, Sir J.J. U.K. researches into electrical conductivity of gases Michelson, A.A. U.S. spectroscopic and metrological investigations Lippmann, Gabriel France photographic reproduction of colours Braun, Ferdinand Germany development of wireless telegraphy Marconi, Guglielmo Italy development of wireless telegraphy Waals, Johannes Diederik van der The Netherlands research concerning the equation of state of gases and liquids Wien, Wilhelm

69. Www.npac.syr.edu/textbook/kidsweb/physics/nobel.txt I. Chase The following is a complete listing of nobel Prize awards fine structurePolykarp Kusch Electron magnetic moment 1956 william shockley Transistors John http://www.npac.syr.edu/textbook/kidsweb/physics/nobel.txt

The Nobel Prize for Physics (1901-1993) updated 15-OCT-1993 by SIC - original by Scott I. Chase The following is a complete listing of Nobel Prize awards, from the first award in 1901. Prizes were not awarded in every year. The description following the names is an abbreviation of the official citation. 1901 Wilhelm Konrad Rontgen X-rays 1902 Hendrik Antoon Lorentz Magnetism in radiation phenomena Pieter Zeeman 1903 Antoine Henri Bequerel Spontaneous radioactivity Pierre Curie Marie Sklowdowska-Curie 1904 Lord Rayleigh Density of gases and (a.k.a. John William Strutt) discovery of argon 1905 Pilipp Eduard Anton von Lenard Cathode rays 1906 Joseph John Thomson Conduction of electricity by gases 1907 Albert Abraham Michelson Precision meteorological investigations 1908 Gabriel Lippman Reproducing colors photographically based on the phenomenon of interference 1909 Guglielmo Marconi Wireless telegraphy Carl Ferdinand Braun 1910 Johannes Diderik van der Waals Equation of state of fluids 1911 Wilhelm Wien Laws of radiation of heat 1912 Nils Gustaf Dalen Automatic gas flow regulators 1913 Heike Kamerlingh Onnes Matter at low temperature 1914 Max von Laue Crystal diffraction of X-rays 1915 William Henry Bragg X-ray analysis of crystal structure William Lawrence Bragg 1917 Charles Glover Barkla Characteristic X-ray spectra of elements 1918 Max Planck Energy quanta 1919 Johannes Stark Splitting of spectral lines in E fields 1920 Charles-Edouard Guillaume Anomalies in nickel steel alloys 1921 Albert Einstein Photoelectric Effect 1922 Niels Bohr Structure of atoms 1923 Robert Andrew Millikan Elementary charge of electricity 1924 Karl Manne Georg Siegbahn X-ray spectroscopy 1925 James Franck Impact of an electron upon an atom Gustav Hertz 1926 Jean Baptiste Perrin Sedimentation equilibrium 1927 Arthur Holly Compton Compton effect Charles Thomson Rees Wilson Invention of the Cloud chamber 1928 Owen Willans Richardson Thermionic phenomena, Richardson's Law 1929 Prince Louis-Victor de Broglie Wave nature of electrons 1930 Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman Scattering of light, Raman effect 1932 Werner Heisenberg Quantum Mechanics 1933 Erwin Schrodinger Atomic theory Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac 1935 James Chadwick The neutron 1936 Victor Franz Hess Cosmic rays Carl D. Anderson The positron 1937 Clinton Joseph Davisson Crystal diffraction of electrons George Paget Thomson 1938 Enrico Fermi New radioactive elements 1939 Ernest Orlando Lawrence Invention of the Cyclotron 1943 Otto Stern Proton magnetic moment 1944 Isador Isaac Rabi Magnetic resonance in atomic nuclei 1945 Wolfgang Pauli The Exclusion principle 1946 Percy Williams Bridgman Production of extremely high pressures 1947 Sir Edward Victor Appleton Physics of the upper atmosphere 1948 Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett Cosmic ray showers in cloud chambers 1949 Hideki Yukawa Prediction of Mesons 1950 Cecil Frank Powell Photographic emulsion for meson studies 1951 Sir John Douglas Cockroft Artificial acceleration of atomic Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton particles and transmutation of nuclei 1952 Felix Bloch Nuclear magnetic precision methods Edward Mills Purcell 1953 Frits Zernike Phase-contrast microscope 1954 Max Born Fundamental research in QM Walther Bothe Coincidence counters 1955 Willis Eugene Lamb Hydrogen fine structure Polykarp Kusch Electron magnetic moment 1956 William Shockley Transistors John Bardeen Walter Houser Brattain 1957 Chen Ning Yang Parity violation Tsung Dao Lee 1958 Pavel Aleksejevic Cerenkov Interpretation of the Cerenkov effect Il'ja Mickajlovic Frank Igor' Evgen'evic Tamm 1959 Emilio Gino Segre The Antiproton Owen Chamberlain 1960 Donald Arthur Glaser The Bubble Chamber 1961 Robert Hofstadter Electron scattering on nucleons Rudolf Ludwig Mossbauer Resonant absorption of photons 1962 Lev Davidovic Landau Theory of liquid helium 1963 Eugene P. Wigner Fundamental symmetry principles Maria Goeppert Mayer Nuclear shell structure J. Hans D. Jensen 1964 Charles H. Townes Maser-Laser principle Nikolai G. Basov Alexander M. Prochorov 1965 Sin-Itiro Tomonaga Quantum electrodynamics Julian Schwinger Richard P. Feynman 1966 Alfred Kastler Study of Hertzian resonance in atoms 1967 Hans Albrecht Bethe Energy production in stars 1968 Luis W. Alvarez Discovery of many particle resonances 1969 Murray Gell-Mann Quark model for particle classification 1970 Hannes Alfven Magneto-hydrodynamics in plasma physics Louis Neel Antiferromagnetism and ferromagnetism 1971 Dennis Gabor Principles of holography 1972 John Bardeen Theory of superconductivity Leon N. Cooper J. Robert Schrieffer 1973 Leo Esaki Tunneling in superconductors Ivar Giaever Brian D. Josephson Super-current through tunnel barriers 1974 Antony Hewish Discovery of pulsars Sir Martin Ryle Pioneering radioastronomy work 1975 Aage Bohr Structure of the atomic nucleus Ben Mottelson James Rainwater 1976 Burton Richter Discovery of the J/Psi particle Samual Chao Chung Ting 1977 Philip Warren Anderson Electronic structure of magnetic and Nevill Francis Mott disordered solids John Hasbrouck Van Vleck 1978 Pyotr Kapitsa Liquifaction of helium Arno A. Penzias Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation Robert W. Wilson 1979 Sheldon Glashow Electroweak Theory, especially Steven Weinberg weak neutral currents Abdus Salam 1980 James Cronin Discovery of CP violation in the Val Fitch asymmetric decay of neutral K-mesons 1981 Kai M. Seigbahn High resolution electron spectroscopy Nicolaas Bleombergen Laser spectroscopy Arthur L. Schawlow 1982 Kenneth G. Wilson Critical phenomena in phase transitions 1983 Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar Evolution of stars William A. Fowler 1984 Carlo Rubbia Discovery of W,Z Simon van der Meer Stochastic cooling for colliders 1985 Klaus von Klitzing Discovery of quantum Hall effect 1986 Gerd Binning Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Heinrich Rohrer Ernst August Friedrich Ruska Electron microscopy 1987 Georg Bednorz High-temperature superconductivity Alex K. Muller 1988 Leon Max Lederman Discovery of the muon neutrino leading Melvin Schwartz to classification of particles in Jack Steinberger families 1989 Hans Georg Dehmelt Penning Trap for charged particles Wolfgang Paul Paul Trap for charged particles Norman F. Ramsey Control of atomic transitions by the separated oscillatory fields method 1990 Jerome Isaac Friedman Deep inelastic scattering experiments Henry Way Kendall leading to the discovery of quarks Richard Edward Taylor 1991 Pierre-Gilles de Gennes Order-disorder transitions in liquid crystals and polymers 1992 Georges Charpak Multiwire Proportional Chamber 1993 Russell A. Hulse Discovery of the first binary pulsar Joseph H. Taylor and subsequent tests of GR

70. Phys Nobel List Translate this page Selective List of nobel Prize Winners in Physics and Chemistry. Julian Schwinger,Richard P. Feynman 1956 william Bradford shockley, John Bardeen http://bengal.missouri.edu/~kosztini/courses/phys215-03/Phys_Nobel_List.html

Selective List of Nobel Prize Winners in Physics and Chemistry Physics Eric A. Cornell, Wolfgang Ketterle, Carl E. Wieman Zhores I. Alferov, Herbert Kroemer, Jack S. Kilby Steven Chu, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, William D. Phillips ... Ernest Rutherford

71. Premio Nobel De Física - Wikipedia Translate this page Ver enlace http//www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/index.html. Tamm 1957 Chen NingYang, Tsung-Dao Lee 1956 william Bradford shockley, John Bardeen http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premio_Nobel/Física

Portada Cambios Recientes Edita esta página Historia Páginas especiales Preferencias de usuario Mi lista de seguimiento Cambio Recientes Subir una imagen Lista de imágenes Usuarios registrados Estadísticas del sitio Artículo aleatorio Artículos huérfanos Imágenes huérfanas Artículos populares Artículos más solicitados Artículos cortos Artículos largos Artículos nuevos Todas las páginas (alfabético) Direcciones IP bloqueadas Página de mantención Fuentes externas de libros Versión para imprimir Discusión Registrase/Entrar Ayuda Otros idiomas: Dansk(Danés) English (Inglés) Esperanto Nederlands (Holandés) Premio Nobel de Física (Redirigido desde Premio Nobel/Física Ver enlace: http://www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/index.html Raymond Davis, Masatoshi Koshiba, Riccardo Giacconi Eric A. Cornell, Wolfgang Ketterle, Carl E. Wieman Zhores I. Alferov, Herbert Kroemer, Jack S. Kilby Gerardus 't Hooft Martinus J.G. Veltman Robert B. Laughlin, Horst L. Störmer, Daniel C. Tsui Steven Chu, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, William D. Phillips David M. Lee, Douglas D. Osheroff, Robert C. Richardson Martin L. Perl, Frederick Reines

72. William Shockley the transistor, william shockley became a controversial figure when he delved intothe mysteries of intelligence and genetics. In 1956, he had shared the nobel http://www.multied.com/bio/people/Shockley.html

William Shockley Physicist Though trained as a physicist and renowned for developing the transistor, William Shockley became a controversial figure when he delved into the mysteries of intelligence and genetics. In 1956, he had shared the Nobel Prize for physics. Years later, Shockley began to propose that Blacks were genetically inferior to Whites, assertions which angered both colleagues and the public.

73. Nobel Prizes In Physics [UWA Physics] The following is a complete listing of nobel Prize awards in fine structure PolykarpKusch Electron magnetic moment 1956 william shockley Transistors John http://www.physics.uwa.edu.au/Misc/nobel.html

Nobel Prizes in Physics The following is a complete listing of Nobel Prize awards in Physics, from the first award in 1901. Prizes were not awarded in every year. The description following the names is an abbreviation of the official citation:

74. Premios Nobel De La Física Translate this page PREMIOS nobel DE LA FÍSICA SIGLO XX 1901 Wilhelm Rontgen. 1925 James Franck.Gustav Hertz. 1931 -, 1956 william shockley. John Bardeen. http://rsta.pucmm.edu.do/ciencias/fisica/nobel/premios_nobel_de_la_física.htm

PREMIOS NOBEL DE LA FÍSICA SIGLO XX Wilhelm Rontgen James Franck Gustav Hertz Cecil Powell ... Martinus J.G. Veltman Alfred Nóbel Premios Nóbel de Física Siglo XX Premios Nóbel de Física Siglo XXI

75. Nobel For Physics: All Laureates Dao Lee 1956 william Bradford shockley, John Bardeen von Lenard 1904 Lord (John williamStrutt) Rayleigh The nobel Prize A History of Genius, Controversy and http://www.popular-science.net/nobel/phy-list.html

NOBEL Read More on the Nobel Prize: Nobel Minds 2001 Awards John Nash Women Nobel Prize ... Prize Amounts MINI ALMANAC Calendar Moon phase Popular Science Highlights: IG Nobel 2002 The invention of :-) West Nile Virus Asteroid Impact? ... Book: Russell Read also: Nobel Prize Women in Science : Their Lives, Struggles, and Momentous Discoveries by Sharon Bertsch McGrayne THE NOBEL PRIZE FOR PHYSICS: ALL WINNERS 2001 Eric A. Cornell, Carl E. Wieman, Wolfgang Ketterle 2000 Zhores I Alferov, Herbert Kroemer, Jack S. Kilby 1999 Gerardus 't Hooft, Martinus J.G. Veltman 1998 Robert B. Laughlin, Horst L. Störmer, Daniel C. Tsui 1997 Steven Chu, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, William D. Phillips 1996 David M. Lee, Douglas D. Osheroff, Robert C. Richardson 1995 Martin L. Perl, Frederick Reines 1994 Bertram N. Brockhouse, Clifford G. Shull 1993 Russell A. Hulse, Joseph H. Taylor Jr.

76. Caltech Nobel And Crafoord Laureates nobel Laureates NAME / DEGREE, FIELD, YEAR. Linus Pauling Ph.D. '25,chemistry Peace Prize, 1954 1962. william shockley BS '32, physics, 1956. http://prfmp.caltech.edu/catalog/02_03/geninfo/nobel2.html

77. The Nobel Prize For Physics (1901-1997) is to watch the nobel Foundation web site at http//www.nobel.se/. 1947 PolykarpKusch Electron magnetic moment 1956 1948 william shockley Transistors John http://www.weburbia.demon.co.uk/physics/nobel.html

[Physics FAQ] updated 15-OCT-1997 by PEG updated 9-OCT-1996 by PEG updated 12-OCT-1994 by SIC original by Scott I. Chase The Nobel Prize for Physics (1901-1997) The following is a complete listing of Nobel Prize awards, from the first award in 1901. Prizes were not awarded in every year. The date in brackets is the approximate date of the work. The description following the names is an abbreviation of the official citation. The Physics prize is announced near the beginning of October each year. One of the quickest ways to get the announcement is to watch the Nobel Foundation web site at http://www.nobel.se/

78. WILLIAM BRADFORD SHOCKLEY - DRAWING SIGNED CIRCA 1973 Cachet pictures william shockley, John Bardeen and Walter Brattain, noting thatthey were AWARDED nobel PRIZE FOR TRANSISTOR INVENTION AT BELL LABORATORIES http://www.galleryofhistory.com/archive/1_2003/scientists/WILLIAM_BRADFORD_SHOCK

Click on Image To Enlarge autographs Document 5999 WILLIAM SHOCKLEY Original drawing of the transistor he invented. Philatelic Envelope signed: "W= Shockley", 6½x3½. First Day Cover honoring " Progress in Electronics ", 8-cent stamp affixed, postmarked New York, July 10, 1973 , FIRST DAY OF ISSUE. Cachet pictures William Shockley, John Bardeen and Walter Brattain, noting that they were " AWARDED NOBEL PRIZE FOR TRANSISTOR INVENTION AT BELL LABORATORIES. " They were awarded the 1956 Nobel Prize in Physics. Shockley has drawn a diagram of the transistor. Fine condition. SEE IF DOCUMENT 5999 IS FOR SALE RIGHT NOW!! This document was available for sale in a previous auction. It may or may not be currently available for sale. It is also highly likely that we have more of this personality available for sale either in our archives or on our direct purchase website www.historyforsale.com For direct purchase information, call 1-800-GALLERY (1-800-425-5379) Mon-Fri, 8am-5pm Pacific Time or email inquires to GallerySales@galleryofhistory.com

79. Consumer Electronics Association: CE Hall Of Fame shockley 19101989 ·Solid-state physicist 2000 inductee william shockley advancedthe idea Bardeen, shockley and Brattain shared the 1956 nobel Prize for http://www.ce.org/publications/hall_of_fame/shockley_w_00.asp

Search CE.org CE Vision Magazine Awards CE Hall of Fame Publications Awards CE Hall of Fame Inductees Inductee Detail William Shockley 2000 inductee William Shockley advanced the idea of the transistor and pointed the way to its development, but was not present at the actual moment of discovery in 1947. John Bardeen and Walter Brattain, two scientists working for him at Bell Telephone Laboratories, observed that when electrical signals were applied to contacts on a crystal of germanium, the output power was larger than the input. Several companies seized the idea and set out to develop their own versions of the device. Transistors in all sizes and shapes flooded the market. The transistor replaced the vacuum tube and paved the way for the integrated circuit. A new industry, one that underlies all of modern electronics, sprang to life. Shockley was home-schooled in Palo Alto, Calif., before attending Palo Alto Military Academy and Hollywood High School, where he found his interest in physics sparked by a neighbor who taught the subject. From 1942-45, he directed U.S. Navy submarine research. Bardeen, Shockley and Brattain shared the 1956 Nobel Prize for Physics for the invention of the transistor. B.S., California Institute of Technology Ph.D., M.I.T. Next 2002 Inductees Ernst F.W. Alexanderson

80. Nobel Prize For Physics nobel Prize for Physics. For years not listed, no award was made. (US), for atomicmeasurements 1956 william shockley, Walter H. Brattain, and John Bardeen (all http://www.factmonster.com/ipa/A0105785.html

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