1. Jens C. Skou - Autobiography jens C. skou – Autobiography. His brother continued the business with my motherAneMargrethe skou as passive partner, and gave her From Les Prix nobel 1997. http://www.nobel.se/chemistry/laureates/1997/skou-autobio.html

I was born on the 8th of October 1918 into a wealthy family in Lemvig, a town in the western part of Denmark. The town is nicely situated on a fjord, which runs across the country from the Kattegat in East to the North Sea in West. It is surrounded by hills, and is only 10 km, i.e. bicycling distance, from the North Sea, with its beautiful beaches and dunes. My father Magnus Martinus Skou together with his brother Peter Skou were timber and coal merchants. We lived in a big beautiful house, had a nice summer house on the North Sea coast. We were four children, I was the oldest with a one year younger brother, a sister 4 years younger and another brother 7 years younger. The timber-yard was an excellent playground, so the elder of my brothers and I never missed friends to play with. School was a minor part of life. When I was 12 years old my father died from pneumonia. His brother continued the business with my mother Ane-Margrethe Skou as passive partner, and gave her such conditions that there was no change in our economical situation. My mother, who was a tall handsome woman, never married again. She took care of us four children and besides this she was very active in the social life in town.

2. Jens C. Skou - Nobel Diploma jens C. skou – nobel Diploma. Artist Bengt Landin CalligrapherAnnika Rücker. Last modified November 6, 2001 Copyright© 2003 http://www.nobel.se/chemistry/laureates/1997/skou-diploma.html

Artist: Bengt Landin Last modified November 6, 2001 The Official Web Site of The Nobel Foundation

3. Jens Skou Winner Of The 1997 Nobel Prize In Chemistry Links added by nobel Internet Archive visitors add your own link Department ofPhysiology (submitted by Toke Norby); jens C. skou – Autobiography (submitted http://almaz.com/nobel/chemistry/1997c.html

J ENS C. S KOU 1997 Nobel Laureate in Chemistry for the first discovery of an ion-transporting enzyme, Na , K -ATPase. Background Born: 1918 Place of Birth: Denmark Residence: Denmark Education: Received his doctoral degree at Aarhus University Affiliation: Department of Biophysics, Aarhus University, Denmark Email: jcs@mil.aau.dk Phone: +45 8942 2929 Book Store Books on electrophysiology Heat Shock Proteins and Cytoprotection : ATP-Deprived Mammalian Cells (Molecular Biology Intelligence Unit Series) An Introduction to Enzyme and Coenzyme Chemistry - a good introductory book on the subject Featured Internet Links Prize Co-recipient: Paul D. Boyer Prize Co-recipient: John E. Walker 1997 Nobel Prize in Chemistry announcement and background University of Aarhus ; see also the Department of Biophysics where Jens Skou is a Professor Emeritus PubMedline search results for this laureate Search WWW Search The Nobel Prize Internet Archive Links added by Nobel Internet Archive visitors Department of Physiology (submitted by Toke Norby Jens C. Skou – Autobiography

4. Skou, Jens C. jens C.,. in full jens CHRISTIAN skou (b. Oct. 8, 1918, Lemvig, Denmark), Danishbiophysicist who (with Paul D. Boyer and John E. Walker) was awarded the nobel http://www.britannica.com/nobel/micro/736_6.html

Skou, Jens C., in full JENS CHRISTIAN SKOU (b. Oct. 8, 1918, Lemvig, Denmark), Danish biophysicist who (with Paul D. Boyer and John E. Walker ) was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1997 for his discovery of the enzyme called sodium-potassium-activated adenosine triphosphatase (Na -K ATPase), which is found in the plasma membrane of animal cells and acts as a pump that exchanges sodium (Na ) for potassium (K Skou studied medicine at the University of Copenhagen and in 1954 earned a doctorate degree at Aarhus University, where he later taught. His research on ion-carrying enzymes was based on the work of Sir Alan Hodgkin and Richard Keynes, who followed the movements of sodium and potassium in a nerve cell following stimulation. The English scientists discovered that upon activation of the neuron, sodium ions flood the cell. The sodium concentration level is restored when ions are transported back across the membrane. This process requires energy, since transport occurs against a concentration gradient (from an area of low concentration to high concentration) and so was believed to require energy in the form of the energy-carrying molecule adenosine triphosphate (ATP) In the late 1950s Skou proposed that an enzyme is responsible for the transport of molecules through a cell's membrane. His work with the membranes of nerve cells from crabs led to the discovery of Na

5. 1997 Nobel Laureates 15. chemistry, skou, jens C. Denmark, discovery of sodiumpotassium-activated adenosine triphosphatase, Wednesday, October 15. chemistry, http://www.britannica.com/nobel/win_1997.html

Category 1997 Winner Country Prize-Winning Achievement Announcement chemistry Boyer, Paul D. United States explanation of the enzymatic conversion of adenosine triphosphate Wednesday, October 15 chemistry Skou, Jens C. Denmark discovery of sodium-potassium- activated adenosine triphosphatase Wednesday, October 15 chemistry Walker, John E. United Kingdom explanation of the enzymatic conversion of adenosine triphosphate Wednesday, October 15 physics Chu, Steven see Britannica's Nobelists United States process of trapping atoms with laser cooling Wednesday, October 15 physics Cohen-Tannoudji, Claude France process of trapping atoms with laser cooling Wednesday, October 15 physics Phillips, William D. United States process of trapping atoms with laser cooling Wednesday, October 15 economics Merton, Robert C. United States method for determining the value of stock options and other derivatives Tuesday, October 14 economics Scholes, Myron S. United States method for determining the value of stock options and other derivatives Tuesday

6. Jens Christian Skou - Nobel Laureate (sectionf) The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the 1997 nobel Prizein Chemistry with one half to. Professor jens C. skou, Aarhus University http://www.au.dk/uk/sun/biofysik/nobel/sectionf.htm

UNIVERSITY OF AARHUS Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1997 Jens Christian Skou Nobel Laureate Table of Contents Official Statement Made By The Royal Swedish Academy Of Sciences THE OFFICIAL GROUNDS GIVEN BY THE ROYAL SWEDISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES FOR PRESENTING THE PRIZE The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the 1997 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with one half to Professor Paul D. Boyer, University of California, Los Angeles, USA, and Dr. John E. Walker, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and with one half to Professor Jens C. Skou, Aarhus University, Denmark for the first discovery of an ion-transporting enzyme, sodium- and potassium-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase (Na , K -ATPase). This enzyme maintains the balance of sodium and potassium ions in the living cell. Both enzymes are bound to membranes in the cell and linked with the transport of ions through these - but for different reasons. ATP - The Universal Energy Carrier In The Living Cell The German chemist Karl Lohmann discovered ATP in 1929. Its structure was clarified some years later and in 1948 the Scottish Nobel laureate of 1957 Alexander Todd synthesised ATP chemically. An important role was that played by the 1953 Nobel laureate in Medicine Fritz Lipmann when he during the years 1939-41 showed that ATP is the universal carrier of chemical energy in the cell and coined the expression 'energy-rich phosphate bonds'.

7. Jens Christian Skou - Nobel Laureate (sectiong) jens C. skou skou, JC, The influence of some cations on skou, JC, and Esmann, M.,The Na, KATPase, Journal http//www.au.dk/en/sun/biofysik/nobel/sectiong.htm http://www.au.dk/uk/sun/biofysik/nobel/sectiong.htm

UNIVERSITY OF AARHUS Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1997 Jens Christian Skou Nobel Laureate Table of Contents Further Reading Paul D. Boyer and John E. Walker Boyer, P.D., The binding change mechanism for ATP synthase - Some probabilities and possibilities, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta Abrahams, J.P., Leslie, A.G., Lutter, R., and Walker J.E., Structure at 2.8 A resolution of F -ATPase from bovine heart mitochondria, Nature Boyer, P.D., The ATP synthase - a splendid molecular machine, Annual Reviews in Biochemistry Jens C. Skou Skou, J.C., The influence of some cations on an adenosine triphosphatase from peripheral nerves, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta Skou, J.C., and Esmann, M., The Na, K-ATPase, Journal of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes Lingrel, J.B., Na,K-ATPase: Isoform Structure, Function, and Expression, Journal of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes Biochimica et Biophysica Acta Lutsenko, S. and Kaplan, J.H., Organisation of P-type ATPases: Significance of structural diversity, Biochemistry Table of Contents Comments on this Web server to webeditor@au.dk

8. Nobelprisen 1997 - KEMI Det billede, som så småt viste sig gennem jens C. skous og andres arbejde, er,at enzymet består af to underenheder JC.skou deler nobelprisen med Paul http://www.dtv.dk/privat/nbo/nakpump.htm

Nobel-prisen i Kemi 1997 til J.C.Skou Pressemeddelelsen fra Nobel-komitéen, 15.10.97 Pressemeddelelse, Aarhus Univ., 15.10.97 The Nobel Prize Internet Archive's side om kemiprisen Århus Universitets side om prisen Foto af J.Skou's modtagelse af prisen - En kopi er lagt her Na - K - ATPase: Natrium-Kalium-pumpen Pressemeddelelse Illustration Pressemeddelelse - 15. oktober 1997 Det Kongelige Videnskabsakademi i Stockholm har i dag uddelt Nobelprisen i kemi for 1997 til tre modtagere: Professor Jens C. Skou får den ene halvdel for opdagelsen af det iontransporterende enzym, Na , K -ATPase (natrium, kalium-stimuleret adenosintrifosfatase). Dette enzym opretholder balancen af natrium- og kaliumioner i den levende celle. Den anden halvdel af prisen deles mellem professor Paul D. Boyer fra USA og Dr. John E. Walker fra Storbritannien. Jens C. Skou, der er født i Lemvig i 1918, blev cand.med. fra Københavns Universitet i 1944 og dr.med. i 1954. Han kom til Aarhus Universitet i 1947 og blev udnævnt til professor i fysiologi i 1963. I 1977 blev han udnævnt til professor i biofysik. Han tog sin afsked fra universitetet i 1988, men har beholdt sit kontor på instituttet. Jens C. Skou har tidligere modtaget Leo-prisen, Novo-prisen, Konsul Carlsens Pris, Anders Retzius-guldmedalje fra Det svenske Lægeselskab, Eric K. Fernströms store nordiske pris, ligesom han er udnævnt til æresdoktor ved Københavns Universitet.

9. Three Win Chemistry Nobel American Paul D. Boyer (left) will share the nobel Prize in Chemistrywith jens C. skou of Denmark and John E. Walker from England. http://more.abcnews.go.com/sections/world/nobelchemistry_1015/

Nobel Prize for Chemistry Awarded Three Win Chemistry Nobel RELATED STORIES Three Win Physics Nobel Peace Prizewinner Lashes Out Economics Nobel Honors Options Industry Italian Playwright Wins Nobel Lit. Prize ... Nobel Process Kept Secret WORLD NEWS added E-mail ABCNEWS.com AWARDS GIVEN Dario Fo Stanley B. Prusiner International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL) and Jody Williams Robert C. Merton and Myron S. Scholes Steven Chu, William D. Phillips and Claude Cohen- Tannoudji Paul D. Boyer, John E. Walker and Jens C. Skou The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences announced the Nobel Prize winners in chemistry Wednesday 447 kb (wav) (RealAudio) American Paul D. Boyer (left) will share the Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Jens C. Skou of Denmark and John E. Walker from England. The three won the award for their work on enzymes. (AP Photos) By Matti Huuhtanen The Associated Press S T O C K H O L M, Sweden Oct. 15 Paul D. Boyer of the University of California at Los Angeles and John E. Walker of the Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Cambridge, England, Type in a year (after 1900) and pick a category to see who won.

10. Three Win Physics Nobel and jens C. skou. American physicists (from left) William D. Phillips, Steven Chu,and French scientist Claude CohenTannoudji were awarded the nobel Prize in http://more.abcnews.go.com/sections/world/nobelscience1015/

Cooled and Trapped Atoms With Laser Light Three Win Physics Nobel RELATED STORIES Three Win Chemistry Nobel Economics Nobel Honors Options Industry Peace Prizewinner Lashes Out Italian Playwright Wins Nobel Lit. Prize ... Alfred Nobel: a Biography WORLD NEWS added E-mail ABCNEWS.com AWARDS GIVEN Dario Fo Stanley B. Prusiner International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL) and Jody Williams Robert C. Merton and Myron S. Scholes Steven Chu, William D. Phillips and Claude Cohen- Tannoudji Paul D. Boyer, John E. Walker and Jens C. Skou American physicists (from left) William D. Phillips, Steven Chu, and French scientist Claude Cohen-Tannoudji were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for development of methods to trap and cool atoms. (AP Photo) ABCNEWS.com STOCKHOLM, Sweden , Oct. 15 ground-breaking experiments to cool and trap atoms with laser light. Steven Chu of Stanford University, William D. Phillips of the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology in Maryland and Claude Cohen-Tannoudji of France will share the $1 million awarded with the prize on Dec. 10. Type in a year (after 1900) and pick a category to see who won.

11. Skou, Jens C. skou, jens C. (1918). His brother continued the business with my mother Ane-Margretheskou as passive partner, and gave her such From Les Prix nobel 1997. http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Biographies/MainBiographies/S/Skou/Skou.htm

Skou, Jens C. I was born on the 8th of October 1918 into a wealthy family in Lemvig, a town in the western part of Denmark. The town is nicely situated on a fjord, which runs across the country from the Kattegat in East to the North Sea in West. It is surrounded by hills, and is only 10 km, i.e. bicycling distance, from the North Sea, with its beautiful beaches and dunes. My father Magnus Martinus Skou together with his brother Peter Skou were timber and coal merchants. We lived in a big beautiful house, had a nice summer house on the North Sea coast. We were four children, I was the oldest with a one year younger brother, a sister 4 years younger and another brother 7 years younger. The timber-yard was an excellent playground, so the elder of my brothers and I never missed friends to play with. School was a minor part of life. When I was 12 years old my father died from pneumonia. His brother continued the business with my mother Ane-Margrethe Skou as passive partner, and gave her such conditions that there was no change in our economical situation. For the first three years I spent the month between the semesters at home studying the different subjects. For the last 4 years the months between the semesters were used for practical courses in different hospital wards in Copenhagen. It was with increasing anxiety that we witnessed to how the maniac dictator in Germany, just south of our border, changed Germany into a madhouse. Our anxiety did not become less after the outbreak of the war.

12. Nobel Laureates In Chemistry By Alphabetical Order Themes Science Chemistry About Chemistry Generalities nobel Laureates inChemistry by Alphabetical order. Name, Shirakawa, Hideki, 2000. skou, jens C. 1997. http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Sciences/Chemistry/Aboutchemistry/AlphaNobel

13. Nobel-díj, 1997 1997 kémiai nobeldíjasai Paul D. Boyer. John E. Walker. Medical Research CouncilLaboratory of Molecular Biology Cambridge, Nagy-Britannia. jens C. skou. http://www.kfki.hu/~cheminfo/hun/olvaso/nobel97/nobel97.html

Paul D. Boyer University of California Los Angeles, USA John E. Walker Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology Cambridge, Nagy-Britannia Jens C. Skou Aarhusi Egyetem Paul D. Boyer John E. Walker Jens C. Skou , K , K Az 1940-es és 50-es évek során kiderült, hogy nagy mennyiségû ATP keletkezik sejtlégzéskor a mitokondriumban, illetve fotoszintéziskor a kloroplasztban. 1960-ban izolálták az "F o F ATPáz" enzimet, amelyet ma ATP-szintetáznak nevezünk. Az enzim F o o Paul D. Boyer John E. Walker Az F o a b c epszilon) . Az alfa- gamma-, delta- epszilon- Az F o c gamma- alfa- gamma- alfa- gamma- gamma-, delta- epszilon- gamma-, delta- epszilon- alfa- egységben, ezárt minden ciklus során változik a kötési képesség (2. ábra). Ezt a jelenséget Boyer-féle "kötésváltoztató mechanizmusnak" nevezik. Boyer szerint a forgást a membránon zajló hidrogénion-transzport váltja ki. A Boyer-féle "kötésváltoztató mechanizmus".

14. Az ATP - Az élet Tüzelôanyaga Az 1997es kémiai nobel-díjat három kutató nyerte el a díj 50%-át az AarhusiEgyetem 79 éves professzora, a dán jens C. skou kapta az ATP energiáját http://www.kfki.hu/~cheminfo/TermVil/tv98/tv9802/atp.html

,K Jens C. Skou John E. Walker Paul D. Boyer ATP-t, Karl Lohmann Alexander Todd Fritz Lippmann, ATP- -ionokkal alkotnak komplexet. ATP- nek az ADP ATP- ATP ATP Századunk huszas-harmincas éveiben vált világossá, hogy az élô sejteken belül az ionösszetétel jelentôsen különbözik a sejteket körülvevô vérplazma vagy szöveti folyadék összetételétôl. A sejten belüli magas kálium-, ill. alacsony nátriumkoncentrációra az elsô magyarázat a sejthártya "átjárhatatlansága" volt e kationokra nézve. Az 1940-es években azonban a magyar származású Hevesy György munkássága nyomán (aki 1943-ban kapott Nobel-díjat) kiderült, hogy a nátrium ill. a kálium viszonylag gyorsan kicserélôdik a sejtek és környezetük között. Az angol Keynes Hodgkin , az ATP ATP- Straub ATP Jens Skou ATP- ATP enzimek ATP- Na K ATP- ATP- ,K Robert Post ,K ,K i (A "The Molecular Biology of the Cell", szerzôk: Albers, Bray, Lewis, Raff, Roberts, Watson, Kiadó: Garland Publ. Inc. nyomán).

15. Nobel Prize Winning Chemists jens C. skou. The nobel Prize in Chemistry 1997. jens C. skou was born on October8, 1918 into a wealthy family in Lemvig, a town in the western part of Denmark. http://www.sanbenito.k12.tx.us/district/webpages2002/judymedrano/Nobel Winners/j

Nobel Prize Winning Chemists Jens C. Skou The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1997 Jens C. Skou was born on October 8, 1918 into a wealthy family in Lemvig, a town in the western part of Denmark. His father Magnus Martinus Skou together with his brother Peter Skou were timber and coal merchants. They were four children, he was the oldest with a one year younger brother, a sister 4 years younger and another brother 7 years younger. When he was 12 years old his father died from pneumonia. When he was 15, he went to a boarding school. After three years he got his exam, it was in 1937. He told his mother that he would study medicine, and started two days later at the University of Copenhagen. He followed the plan and got his medical degree in the summer of 1944. In May and June 1944, they managed to get their exams. In 1947, he stopped clinical training, and got a position at the Institute for Medical Physiology at Aarhus University in order to write the planned doctoral thesis on the anaesthetic and toxic mechanism of action of local anaesthetics. During his time in Hjorring he met a very beautiful probationer, Ellen Margrethe Nielsen, with whome he fell in love. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1997 "for the first discoveryof an ion-transporting enzyme, Na

16. Nobel nobelWinning Chemists. Kurt Alder. Sidney Altman. Christian B. Anfinsen. K. BarrySharpless. Hideki Shirakawa. jens C. skou. Richard E. Smalley. Michael Smith. http://www.sanbenito.k12.tx.us/district/webpages2002/judymedrano/Nobel Winners/n

Nobel-Winning Chemists Kurt Alder Sidney Altman Christian B. Anfinsen Svante August Arrhenius ... Eduard Buchner Adolf Friedrick Johann Butenandt Melvin Calvin Thomas Robert Cech Hans von Euler-Chelpin John Warcup Cornforth Donald J. Cram Marie Curie Elias James Corey Petrus (Peter) Josephus Wilhelmus Debye Paul J. Crutzen Robert F. Curl, Jr. Johann Deisenhofer Otto Diels ... Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Jacobus Henricus van't Hoff Roald Hoffman Robert Huber Jean Frederic Joliot Irene Joliot-Curie ... Back To Main Page

17. Jens Christian Skou: The 1997 Nobel Prize Winner In Chemistry by the enzyme is sodiummagnesium-ATP, (b) that potassium ions stimulate the enzymedirectly, and (c) that an 23, jens Christian skou, The Influence http://www.fi.au.dk/nobel.html

The 1997 Nobel Prize in Chemistry to Professor Jens Christian Skou The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has awarded the 1997 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with one half to Professor Jens Christian Skou , University of Aarhus, Denmark for the first discovery of an ion-transporting enzyme, the Na ,K -ATPase. This enzyme maintains the balance of sodium and potassium ions in the living cell. The other half is shared by Professor Paul D. Boyer, University of California, Los Angeles, USA, and Dr. John E. Walker, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Professor Skou made his pioneer work at the Department of Physiology, University of Aarhus, where Professor Skou was employed as an assistant professor in 1947 and from 1963 as a full professor until he in 1978 was nominated to become the professor of biophysics at this university without advertising the post. Professor Skou published the discovery of the Na ,K -ATPase in 1957 in Biochimica et Biophysica Acta vol. 23, pp. 394-401:

18. NOBEL CHEMISTRY whose work helped answer that question share this year's nobel Prize in of adenosinetriphosphate (ATP), along with Professor jens C. skou, Aarhus University http://www.accessexcellence.org/WN/SUA11/nobelchem1097.html

NOBEL TO ATP RESEARCHERS By Sean Henahan, Access Excellence Stockholm, Sweden (October15, 1997)- Where would we be without ATP? Three chemists whose work helped answer that question share this year's Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Professor Paul D. Boyer, University of California, Los Angeles, USA, and Dr. John E. Walker, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom were recognized for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), along with Professor Jens C. Skou, Aarhus University, Denmark who first discovered the ion-transporting enzyme, Na+, K+-ATPase. "The three laureates have performed pioneering work on enzymes that participate in the conversion of the "high energy" compound adenosine triphosphate," notes the citation by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Adenosine is a nucleoside comprising adenine linked to D-ribose through a beta-glycoside bond. Phosphorylated forms of adenosine (AMP, ADP, and ATP) are the major compounds involved in energy transfer in biological systems. ATP acts as an energy source for many cellular processes. Indeed, an active cell needs about two million ATP molecules per second to function. ATP serves as an energy transporter in all living organisms. The compound captures the chemical energy released by the combustion of nutrients and transfers it to reactions that require energy, e.g. the building up of cell components, muscle contraction, transmission of nerve messages and many other functions.

19. Nobel 97 - 2 - OCTOBRE 1997 Translate this page de crabes par le chercheur danois jens C. skou, 79 ans, ancien professeur en physiologieà l'université d'Aarhus et troisième lauréat du nobel de chimie. http://www.cite-sciences.fr/actu/numeros/N53_oct97/kiosques/html/nobel2.html

SCIENCE ACTUALITES - OCTOBRE 1997 - Les bionanomachines raflent le Nobel de chimie John E. Walker Paul D. Boyer Jens Christian Skou L * EMMANUEL JULLIEN Sommaire des kiosques A la une

20. NOBEL PRIZES WALKER won nobel prize for elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying thesynthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and jens C. skou won nobel prize for http://www.bioscience.org/urllists/nobel.htm

FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE; NOBEL PRIZES 2000 Nobel prize winner in medicine Arvid Carlsson, Paul Greengard And Eric Kandel jointly won nobel prize for their discoveries in signal transduction in the nervous system ARVID CARLSSON Born: January 25, 1923 Place of birth: Uppsala, Sweden Residence: Sweden Affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Göteborg Medicine Address: Department of Pharmacology University of Göteborg Medicinaregatan 7 Box 431, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden Tel: +46 31-773 34 35 Fax: +46 31-82 17 95 E-mail: arvid.carlsson@pharm.gu.se 2000 Nobel prize winner in medicine Arvid Carlsson, Paul Greengard And Eric Kandel jointly won nobel prize for their discoveries in signal transduction in the nervous system PAUL GREENGARD Born: December 11, 1925 Place of birth: New York, NY, USA Residence: New York, USA Affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Rockefeller University Address: Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience The Rockefeller University 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA E-mail: greengd@rockvax.rockefeller.edu

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