21. Premios Nobel De Fisiología Y Medicina Translate this page AÑO, PREMIOS nobel OTORGADOS EN FISIOLOGÍA Y MEDICINA. 1978, Nathans,Daniel (EEUU) smith, hamilton O. (EEUU) Arber, Werner (Suiza). http://fcmjtrigo.sld.cu/nobel.htm

Premios Nobel de Fisiología y Medicina Premio Nobel : premios concedidos cada año a personas, entidades u organismos por sus aportaciones extraordinarias realizadas durante el año anterior en los campos de la Física, Química, Fisiología y Medicina, Literatura, Paz y Economía. Otorgados por primera vez el 10 de diciembre de 1901, los premios están financiados por los intereses devengados de un fondo en fideicomiso contemplado en el testamento del químico, inventor y filántropo sueco Alfred Bernhard Nobel. Además de una retribución en metálico, el ganador del Premio Nobel recibe también una medalla de oro y un diploma con su nombre y el campo en que ha logrado tal distinción. Los jueces pueden dividir cada premio entre dos o tres personas, aunque no está permitido repartirlo entre más de tres. Si se considerara que más de tres personas merecen el premio, se concedería de forma conjunta. El fondo está controlado por un comité de la Fundación Nobel, compuesto por seis miembros en cada mandato de dos años: cinco elegidos por los administradores de los organismos contemplados en el testamento, y el sexto nombrado por el Gobierno sueco. Los seis miembros serán ciudadanos suecos o noruegos. De acuerdo con la voluntad de Nobel, se han establecido institutos separados en Suecia y Noruega para favorecer los objetivos de la Fundación con el fin de potenciar cada uno de los cinco campos en los que se conceden los galardones. En 1968, para conmemorar su 300 aniversario, el Banco Nacional de Suecia creó el Premio de Ciencias Económicas Banco de Suecia en Memoria de Alfred Nobel, que sería otorgado por la Real Academia Sueca de las Ciencias (conocida con anterioridad por el nombre de Academia Sueca de las Ciencias). La Real Academia Sueca de las Ciencias concede también los premios de Física y Química.

22. Hamilton O. Smith: Awards Won By Hamilton O. Smith 123Awards hardwork is paid in form of awards. Awards of hamilton O. smith. OTHERnobel,1978, MEDICINE. Enter Artist/Album. Partner Sites. Stardose.com. RealLyrics.com. http://www.123awards.com/artist/1464.asp

hardwork is paid in form of awards Awards of Hamilton O. Smith OTHER-NOBEL MEDICINE Enter Artist/Album Partner Sites Stardose.com RealLyrics.com OnlyHitLyrics.com Biography Search Engine ... privacy

23. PREMIOS NOBEL RELACIONADOS CON LA GENÉTICA Translate this page Por su contribución a la revolución verde. 1972, Rodney R. Porter Gerald M. Edelman.nobel de Química 1978, Werner Arber hamilton O. smith Daniel Nathans. http://www.ucm.es/info/genetica/AVG/nobel/nobel.htm

Alfred Nobel La mayoría de los Premios Nobel que figuran en la siguiente lista son de Fisiología y Medicina, salvo algunos de Química y de la Paz que se indican de forma expresa en la tabla. Albrecht Kossel Por sus trabajos sobre las sustancias albuminoides, incluyendo las nucleínas, que han contribuido al conocimiento de la química de las células. Karl Landsteiner Por sus descubrimientos de los grupos sanguíneos de la especie humana. Thomas H. Morgan Por su descubrimiento sobre la función de los cromosomas como portadores de la herencia. Hermann J. Muller Por su descubrimiento de la inducción de mutaciones mediante radiación con rayos X. Linus Carl Pauling Por sus investigaciones sobre la naturaleza de los enlaces químicos y su aplicación en la elucidación de la estructura de las sustancias complejas. También recibió el Premio Nobel de la Paz en 1962 por su lucha contra el desarrollo de las armas nucleares. George W. Beadle Edward L. Tatum Por su descubrimiento de que los genes actúan regulando sucesos químicos definidos.

24. TUBITAK-GMBAE: 1950-1999 Nobel Odulleri Listesi Yillari arasinda fizik, kimya, ekonomi, fizyoloji ve tip alanlarinda nobel ödülüalan Werner Arber; Daniel Nathans; hamilton O. smith hamilton O. smith. http://www.rigeb.gov.tr/docs/nobel-50_99.html

1950-1999 Yýllarý arasýnda fizik, kimya, ekonomi, fizyoloji ve týp alanlarýnda Nobel ödülü alan bilimadamlarý ve çalýþmalarý Yýl Çalýþma Ödül Sahibi Physics The development of the photographic method of studying nuclear processes and the discoveries regarding mesons made with this method. Cecil Frank Powell The pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles. "Sir John Douglas Cockcroft; Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton" The development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith. "Felix Bloch; Edward Mills Purcell" Demonstration of the phase contrast method, especially for his invention of the phase contract microscope. Frits (Frederik) Zernike "Fundamental research in quantum mechanics, especially for the statistical interpretation of the wavefunction; and for the coincidence method and the discoveries made therewith." "Max Born; Walther Bothe" "Discoveries concerning the fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum; and precision determination of the magnetic moment of the electron." "Willis Eugene Lamb; Polykarp Kusch"

25. The Johns Hopkins Gazette January 10, 2000 was more of a father figure to me than an equal, professor emeritus hamilton O.smith said. smith, one of two men with whom Nathans shared the nobel Prize in http://www.jhu.edu/~gazette/2000/jan1000/10nathan.html

January 10, 2000 VOL. 29, NO. 17 Friends and Colleagues Pay Tribute to Daniel Nathans By Dennis O'Shea Homewood When Dan Nathans talked, people listened. One way or another, almost every speaker made that point at a Jan. 5 memorial service for the distinguished scientist, beloved teacher and mentor, consummate university citizen and "extraordinarily gentle and modest man." Edward D. Miller, now dean and CEO of Johns Hopkins Medicine, remembered the contentious department chiefs' meeting where he first met Nathans. The soft-spoken Nobel laureate, he recalled, injected common sense and humanity into a heated discussion, with an appeal on behalf of Hopkins values and the integrity of the institution. "Everyone in the room felt it was almost like Johns Hopkins himself talking," Miller told a Turner Auditorium crowded with Nathans' family, colleagues, friends and former students, who came from across the country and from as far away as Israel. Edward D. Miller Thomas J. Kelly, director of the Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics , said Nathans never forced advice on anyone but, when asked, responded with "pure gold." Kelly, who met Nathans in 1970, quoted a colleague's observation that Nathans spoke with the "highest signal-to-noise ratio" of anyone he knew.

26. The Johns Hopkins Gazette May 18, 1998 his colleague hamilton O. smith as biochemical scissors, showing that they cutDNA at specific sequences and thus could be used to analyze DNA. As the nobel http://www.jhu.edu/~gazette/aprjun98/may1898/18speaks.html

May 18, 1998 VOL. 27, NO. 35 Ten Ceremonies To Mark The End Of Hopkins' 122nd Academic Year At a university-wide commencement ceremony beginning at 9:30 a.m. on Thursday, May 21, in the Gilman Quadrangle at Homewood, President William R. Brody will confer an estimated 4,865 degrees on Johns Hopkins students, marking the end of the university's 122nd academic year. Diplomas await Commencement Day in the Registrar's Office. Brody, who took office as Hopkins' 13th president on Aug. 26, 1996, will deliver the address. The nine other diploma ceremonies (see schedule below) will feature their own speakers, some of whom are profiled here. Arts and Sciences and Engineering Undergraduate Ceremony: Elizabeth Dole, president of the American Red Cross Elizabeth Dole, who will receive an honorary degree in recognition of her public service, is a native of Salisbury, N.C., and graduated with distinction from Duke University, where she was elected to Phi Beta Kappa. She received her law degree from Harvard University, from which she also holds a master's degree in education and government. [For details of her career, see the May 18 Gazette story: "University to recognize six with honorary degrees School of Hygiene and Public Health: Harold E. Varmus, director of the National Institutes of Health

27. Smith, Hamilton Othanel smith, hamilton Othanel. (b. Aug. 23, 1931, New York, NY, US), American microbiologistwho shared, with Werner Arber and Daniel Nathans, the nobel Prize for http://www.britannica.com/nobel/micro/552_49.html

28. The Johns Hopkins:nobel Prize Winners hamilton O. smith MD 1956 of Microbiology, 196769; Associate Professor, 1969-1973;Professor, 1973-1998; Professor Emeritus 1998-present nobel Prize in http://webapps.jhu.edu/jhuniverse/information_about_hopkins/facts_and_statistics

go back location > jhuniverse information about hopkins facts and statistics nobel prize winners ... Printer-Friendly Version nobel prize winners Woodrow Wilson Ph.D. 1886 (History) Nobel Prize in Peace, 1919 James Franck Professor of Physics, 1935-38 Nobel Prize in Physics, 1925 Nicholas Murray Butler Lecturer, 1890-91 Nobel Prize in Peace, 1931 Thomas Hunt Morgan Ph.D. 1890 (Zoology); LL.D. 1915 Nobel Prize in Medicine, 1933 George Richards Minot Assistant in Medicine, 1914-15 Nobel Prize in Medicine, 1934 George Hoyt Whipple M.D. 1905; Associate Professor in Pathology, 1910-14 Nobel Prize in Medicine, 1934 Harold Clayton Urey Associate in Chemistry, 1924-28 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 1934 Joseph Erlanger M.D. 1899; Assistant in Physiology, 1900-01; Instructor, 1901-03; Associate, 1903-04; Associate Professor, 1904-06; LL.D. 1947 Nobel Prize in Medicine, 1944 Herbert Spencer Gasser M.D. 1915 Nobel Prize in Physiology, 1944 Vincent du Vigneaud National Research Fellow, Pharmacology 1927-28 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 1955

29. Named Professorships, Deanships, And Directorships -- The Johns Hopkins Universi hamilton O. smith, Med 1956, the American Cancer Society Distinguished ResearchProfessor Emeritus of Molecular Biology and Genetics, won the nobel Prize in http://webapps.jhu.edu/namedprofessorships/professorshipdetail.cfm?professorship

30. Clase Magistral Del Premio Nobel  Werner Arber Translate this page nobel de medicina del año 1978 recayó en la figura de Werner Arber, de la Universidadde Basilea, en Suiza, y sus colegas Daniel Nathans y hamilton O. smith, http://profesional.medicinatv.com/reportajes/ARBER/

Inicio Estudiantes Salud PREMIUM Buscar en MedicinaTV Google Medline Inicio Reportajes Clase magistral del Premio Nobel Werner Arber Clase magistral del Premio Nobel Werner Arber El Aula Ramón y Cajal de la facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Barcelona fue el marco de la clase magistral que dio el premio Nobel de Medicina de 1978 a Werner Arber, por su descubrimiento de las enzimas de restricción y sus aplicaciones en genética molecular. El premio Nobel de medicina del año 1978 recayó en la figura de Werner Arber, de la Universidad de Basilea, en Suiza, y sus colegas Daniel Nathans y Hamilton O. Smith, ambos de la University School of Medicine en Baltimore (Estados Unidos). El premio les fue concedido por su descubrimiento de las enzimas de restricción y su aplicación en la genética molecular. Este hecho supuso el tener un potente instrumento para analizar la estructura de los genes y poder establecer las secuencias en las cadenas de ADN. Aparte de Premio Nobel, Arber es doctor Honoris Causa de la

31. Noted Hopkins Molecular Biologist, Daniel Nathans Dies The research for which Nathans, his colleague hamilton O. smith, and Swiss microbiologistWerner Arber shared the nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology was a http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/press/1999/NOV99/991116.HTM

November 16, 1999 For press inquiries only , please call (410) 955-6680. Noted Hopkins Molecular Biologist, Daniel Nathans Dies Daniel Nathans, esteemed scientist and colleague at Johns Hopkins, died, from leukemia, in his sleep November 16, 1999. A private, family-only service will be held on November 17. A future memorial service for the public will be announced. The family requests that memorial contributions be sent to: The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine c/o The Fund for Johns Hopkins Medicine, 1620 McElderry St., Baltimore, MD 21205. Please write, "In memory of Dr. Nathans." Photographs of Dr. Nathans are available online at http://hopkins.med.jhu.edu/nathans/ DANIEL NATHANS Daniel Nathans, M.D., was a 1978 recipient of the Nobel Prize and a 1993 recipient of the nation's highest scientific award, the National Medal of Science. University Professor of Molecular Biology and Genetics at The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, where he was a faculty member for more than three decades, Nathans also was senior investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute at Hopkins and served as interim president of The Johns Hopkins University from June 1995 until August 1996. The research for which Nathans, his colleague Hamilton O. Smith, and Swiss microbiologist Werner Arber shared the Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology was a basis for much of today's genetic research at Hopkins and elsewhere. Nathans and his students used a restriction enzyme discovered by his colleague, Hamilton O. Smith, M.D., as "biochemical scissors," to analyze DNA.

32. Nobel Prizes In Molecular Biology and. smith, hamilton O., USA, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine,Baltimore, MD, b. 1931 nobel eMuseum Link Chemistry 1980. http://www.sandiego.edu/~cloer/molecnobels.html

Selected Nobel Prizes in Molecular Biology Official Nobel Website (San Diego Supercomputing Center mirror) Chemistry 1958 The prize was awarded to: SANGER, FREDERICK, Great Britain, Cambridge University, b. 1918: "for his work on the structure of proteins, especially that of insulin". Nobel e-Museum Link Physiology or Medicine 1958 The prize was divided, one half being awarded jointly to: BEADLE, GEORGE WELLS, U.S.A., California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, b. 1903, d. 1989; and TATUM, EDWARD LAWRIE, U.S.A., Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York, NY, b. 1909, d. 1975: "for their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events"; and the other half to: LEDERBERG, JOSHUA, U.S.A., Wisconsin University, Madison, WI, b. 1925: "for his discoveries concerning genetic recombination and the organization of the genetic material of bacteria". Nobel e-Museum Link Physiology or Medicine 1959 The prize was awarded jointly to: SEVERO OCHOA, U.S.A., New York University, New York; and ARTHUR KORNBERG, U.S.A., Stanford University, Stanford, CA;

33. Nobel Prize In Physiology Or Medicine - Wikipedia Source http//www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/index.html. Andrew V. Schally, RosalynYalow 1978 Werner Arber, Daniel Nathans, hamilton O. smith 1979 Allan M http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize/Physiology_or_medicine

Main Page Recent changes Edit this page Page history Special pages Set my user preferences My watchlist Recently updated pages Upload image files Image list Registered users Site statistics Random article Orphaned articles Orphaned images Popular articles Most wanted articles Short articles Long articles Newly created articles Interlanguage links All pages by title Blocked IP addresses Maintenance page External book sources Printable version Talk Log in Help Other languages: Deutsch Dansk Nederlands Polski Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (Redirected from Nobel Prize/Physiology or medicine Emil Adolf von Behring Ronald Ross Niels Ryberg Finsen ... Christiaan Eijkman , Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins Karl Landsteiner Otto Heinrich Warburg Sir Charles Scott Sherrington Edgar Douglas Adrian Thomas Hunt Morgan George Hoyt Whipple ... Hans Spemann Sir Henry Hallett Dale Otto Loewi Albert von Szent-Györgyi Nagyrapolt Corneille Jean François Heymans ... Herbert Spencer Gasser Sir Alexander Fleming Ernst Boris Chain , Sir Howard Walter Florey Hermann Joseph Muller Carl Ferdinand Cori Gerty Theresa , née Radnitz Cori, Bernardo Alberto Houssay Paul Hermann Müller Walter Rudolf Hess Antonio Caetano De Abreu Freire Egas Moniz ... Dickinson W. Richards

34. Nobel Prize In Medicine Since 1901 Daniel; smith, hamilton O. 1979, Cormack, Alan M.; Hounsfield, Sir Godfrey N. http://www.planet101.com/nobel_medi_hist.htm

Nobel Prize in Medicine since 1901 Year Prize Winners Behring, Emil Adolf Von Ross, Sir Ronald Finsen, Niels Ryberg Pavlov, Ivan Petrovich Koch, Robert Cajal, Santiago Ramon Y.; Golgi, Camillo Laveran, Charles Louis Alphonse Ehrlich, Paul; Mechnikov, Ilya Ilyich Kocher, Emil Theodor Kossel, Albrecht Gullstrand, Allvar Carrel, Alexis Richet, Charles Robert Barany, Robert Bordet, Jules Krogh, Schack August Steenberger Hill, Sir Archibald Vivian; Meyerhof, Otto Fritz; Banting, Sir Frederick Grant; Macleod, John James Richard; Einthoven, Willem; Fibiger, Johannes Andreas Grib Wagner-Jauregg, Julius Nicolle, Charles Jules Henri Eijkman, Christiaan; Hopkins, Sir Frederick Gowland Landsteiner, Karl Warburg, Otto Heinrich Adrian, Lord Edgar Douglas; Sherrington, Sir Charles Scott Morgan, Thomas Hunt Minot, George Richards; Murphy, William Parry; Whipple, George Hoyt Spemann, Hans Dale, Sir Henry Hallett; Loewi, Otto Nagyrapolt, Albert Szent-Gyorgyi Von Heymans, Corneille Jean Francois Domagk, Gerhard Dam, Henrik Carl Peter; Doisy, Edward Adelbert Erlanger, Joseph; Gasser, Herbert Spencer

35. ClubCaminantes - Premios Nobel - Medicina, El Club De Los Caminantes Translate this page PREMIOS nobel, MEDICINA. 1901-1925 1926-1950 1951-1975 1976-2000. 1976.Blumberg, Baruch S. (Estados Unidos). smith, hamilton O. (Estados Unidos). http://caminantes.metropoliglobal.com/web/nobel/medicina4.htm

Inicio Foros Chat Top 10 ... PREMIOS NOBEL MEDICINA Blumberg, Baruch S. (Estados Unidos) Por su descubrimiento relativo a nuevos mecánismos para el origen y diseminación de enfermedades infecciosas. Gajdusek, Daniel C. (Estados Unidos) Por su descubrimiento relativo a nuevos mecánismos para el origen y diseminación de enfermedades infecciosas. Guillemin, Roger (Estados Unidos) Por sus descubrimientos de la producción de hormonas peptidas en el cerebro. Schally, Andrew (Estados Unidos) Por sus descubrimientos de la producción de hormonas peptidas en el cerebro. Yalow, Rosalynn Sussman (Estados Unidos) Por el desarrollo de radioinmuno-ensayos de hormonas peptidas. Arber, Werner (Suiza) Por el descubrimiento de enzimas de restricción y su aplicación a problemas de la genética molecular. Nathans, Daniel

36. ACS :: Nobel Prize Winners The most recent Societysupported grantee to be awarded the nobel Prize (2001)is Leland Hartwell, PhD, for his 1978 hamilton O. smith, MD Discovered DNA http://www.cancer.org/docroot/RES/content/RES_7_6_Nobel_Prize_Winners.asp?sitear

37. April-02_13 Richard J. Roberts nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 1993 Phillip A. Sharpnobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 1993 hamilton O. smith nobel Prize in http://www.ascb.org/news/vol25no4/ie/April-02_13.html

Continue Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 1989 Kenneth J. Arrow Nobel Prize in Economics, 1972 Julius Axelrod Medicine, 1970 David Baltimore Medicine, 1975 Paul Berg Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 1980 J. Michael Bishop Medicine, 1989 Thomas R. Cech Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 1989 Medicine, 1986 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 1990 Johann Deisenhofer Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 1988 Renato Dulbecco Medicine, 1975 Edmond H. Fischer Medicine, 1992 Jerome I. Friedman Nobel Prize in Physics, 1990 Walter Gilbert Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 1980 Alfred G. Gilman Medicine, 1994 Donald A. Glaser Nobel Prize in Physics, 1960 Joseph L. Goldstein Medicine, 1985 Paul Greengard Medicine, 2000 Lee Hartwell Medicine, 2001 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 1986 Burton Richter Nobel Prize in Physics, 1976 Richard J. Roberts Medicine, 1993 Phillip A. Sharp Medicine, 1993 Hamilton O. Smith Medicine, 1978 Robert M. Solow Nobel Prize in Economics, 1987 E. Donnall Thomas Medicine, 1990 Harold Varmus Medicine, 1989 Medicine, 1962 Torsten Nils Wiesel Medicine, 1981 Robert W. Wilson

38. Nobel Letter Medicine, 1993. hamilton O. smith Senior Director of DNA Resources CeleraGenomics nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 1978. Robert M http://www.ascb.org/publicpolicy/Nobelletter.html

Statement by 40 Nobel Laureates Regarding Cloning NATIONAL OFFICE: 8120 Woodmont Avenue, Suite 750 Bethesda, Maryland 20814-2762 TEL: 301/347-9300  FAX 301/347-9310  E-MAIL ascbinfo@ascb.org www.ascb.org Two National Academy of Sciences expert committees, as well as noted national and international organizations, have evaluated current scientific and medical information and have concluded that cloning a human being using the method of nuclear transplantation cannot be achieved safely. Such attempts in other mammals often have catastrophic outcomes.  Furthermore, virtually nothing is known about the potential safety of such procedures in humans. Consequently, there is widespread and strong agreement that an attempt to clone a human being would constitute unwarranted experimentation on human subjects and should be prohibited by legislation that imposes criminal and civil penalties on those who would implant the product of nuclear transplantation into a woman’s uterus. Unfortunately, some legislation, such as that introduced by Senator Brownback (R-KS) would foreclose the legitimate use of nuclear transplantation technology for research and therapeutic purposes. This would impede progress against some of the most debilitating diseases known to man. For example, it may be possible to use nuclear transplantation technology to produce patient-specific embryonic stem cells that could overcome the rejection normally associated with tissue and organ transplantation.  Nuclear transplantation technology might also permit the creation of embryonic stem cells with defined genetic constitution, permitting a new and powerful approach to understanding how inherited predispositions lead to a variety of cancers and neurological diseases such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases.

39. SIMR - Centenary Survey Of Nobel Laureates which is now the case in many places. Michael S Brown, MD, nobel Prizewinner1985. 1978 Wener ARBER, Daniel NATHANS and hamilton O. smith - find enzymes http://www.simr.org.uk/pages/nobel/time_line_8.html

Home Biotechnology Celebrity support Benefits of animal research ... Links Nobel Prize Winners in Physiology and Medicine (1970 - 1979) Alfred Bernhard Nobel Nobel Survey Index Photo: Wellcome Institute Library The Timeline "I agree that animal experimentation should be humane and regulated, but the regulations must not be so onerous as to impede legitimate experimentation, which is now the case in many places." - Michael S Brown, M.D., Nobel Prizewinner 1985 Sir Bernard KATZ, Ulf von EULER and Julius AXELROD - show how chemical nerve transmitters are stored and released. Earl W. SUTHERLAND, Jr. - describes the mechanisms by which hormones act. Gerald M. EDELMAN and Rodney R. PORTER - discover the chemical structure of antibodies. Karl von FRISCH, Konrad LORENZ and Nikolaas TINGBERGEN - show the organisation of social behaviour patterns in animals. Albert CLAUDE, Christian de DUVE and George E. PALADE - describe the structural and functional organisation of the individual cell. David BALTIMORE, Renato DULBECCO and Howard Martin TEMIN - demonstrate the interaction between tumour viruses and genes.

40. Sito Web Italiano Per La Filosofia-Il Manifesto-22 NOVEMBRE 2002 Translate this page sono due grandi firme hamilton O. smith e Craig Venter. Il primo è fra i biologimolecolari cui l'ingegneria genetica deve i natali è premio nobel per la http://lgxserver.uniba.it/lei/rassegna/021122m.htm

RASSEGNA STAMPA 22 NOVEMBRE 2002 YURIJ CASTELFRANCHI La vita ai minimi termini Craig Venter, scienziato-manager fondatore della Celera Genomics, e Hamilton Smith, Nobel per la medicina, hanno annunciato una nuova tappa sulla strada della vita artificiale: il progetto, finanziato dall'Energy Department americano, di creare un organismo-base in laboratorio. Utilizzando un fastidioso parassita venereo, il Mycoplasma genitalium. Un progetto che può avere profonde implicazioni, dalla biomedicina alla ecologia, ma anche un segno che la scienza sta cambiando. Le scoperte si annunciano prima ancora di farle La notizia viaggia impazzita da ieri pomeriggio in un pop-cornìo ansiogeno di agenzie di tutto il mondo. Ed è di quelle da far sobbalzare: «Scienziati annunciano a Rockville, Usa, che intendono creare una nuova forma di vita». Brivido. Rafforzato dal fatto che l'annuncio bomba non esce su un tabloid scandalistico londinese, né per voce di due biologi sconosciuti a caccia di palcoscenico. Lo si legge, invece, sulla prima pagina del Washington Post. E autori del colpo di teatro sono due grandi firme: Hamilton O. Smith e Craig Venter . Il primo è fra i biologi molecolari cui l'ingegneria genetica deve i natali: è premio Nobel per la medicina nel 1978, per avere scoperto e utilizzato (assieme a Werner Arber e Daniel Nathans) gli enzimi di restrizione, molecole capaci di tagliare il Dna in punti precisi. L'altro, geniale e discusso scienziato-manager, fondatore del Tigr (The Institute for Genomic Research) e della Celera Genomics, è colui che sequenziò per primo il patrimonio genetico di molti microrganismi, per poi sfidare gli scienziati dello Human Genome Project e arrivare con loro nel gennaio 2001 - fra polemiche al vetriolo - alla dirittura d'arrivo che segna una pietra miliare nella storia della scienza: il sequenziamento del genoma umano. Al grido fanno eco opposti commenti. Edoardo

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