1. Charles H. Townes - Biography charles Hard townes was born in Greenville, South Carolina, on Dr. townes has servedon a number of scientific and his wife (the former Frances H.Brown; they http://www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/1964/townes-bio.html

Charles Hard Townes was born in Greenville, South Carolina, on July 28, 1915, the son of Henry Keith Townes, an attorney, and Ellen (Hard) Townes. He attended the Greenville public schools and then Furman University in Greenville, where he completed the requirements for the Bachelor of Science degree in physics and the Bachelor of Arts degree in Modern Languages, graduating summa cum laude in 1935, at the age of 19. Physics had fascinated him since his first course in the subject during his sophomore year in college because of its "beautifully logical structure". He was also interested in natural history while at Furman, serving as curator of the museum, and working during the summers as collector for Furman's biology camp. In addition,he was busy with other activities, including the swimming team, the college newspaper and the football band. Townes completed work for the Master of Arts degree in Physics at Duke University in 1936, and then entered graduate school at the

2. Physics 1964 The nobel Prize in Physics 1964. for principle . charles Hard townes,Nicolay Gennadiyevich Basov, Aleksandr Mikhailovich Prokhorov. 1 http://www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/1964/

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1964 "for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle" Charles Hard Townes Nicolay Gennadiyevich Basov Aleksandr Mikhailovich Prokhorov 1/2 of the prize 1/4 of the prize 1/4 of the prize USA USSR USSR Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Cambridge, MA, USA Lebedev Institute for Physics, Akademija Nauk Moscow, USSR Lebedev Institute for Physics, Akademija Nauk Moscow, USSR b. 1915 b. 1922 d. 2001 b. 1916 d. 2002 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1964 Presentation Speech Charles H. Townes Biography ... Nobel Lecture The 1964 Prize in: Physics Chemistry Physiology or Medicine Literature ... Peace Find a Laureate: Last modified June 16, 2000 The Official Web Site of The Nobel Foundation

3. Charles H. Townes Winner Of The 1964 Nobel Prize In Physics charles H. townes, a nobel Prize Laureate in Physics, at the nobelPrize Internet Archive. charles H. townes. 1964 nobel Laureate http://almaz.com/nobel/physics/1964a.html

C HARLES H T OWNES 1964 Nobel Laureate in Physics for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle. Background Born: 1915 Residence: U.S.A. Affiliation: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, Featured Internet Links Prize co-recipient: Nicolay Bennadiyevich Basov Prize co-recipient: Aleksandr Mikhailovich Prokhorov Search WWW Search The Nobel Prize Internet Archive Links added by Nobel Internet Archive visitors About Townes and his invention of the maser (submitted by Karl Sau) Charles H. Townes – Biography (submitted by Chinnappan Baskar Back to The Nobel Prize Internet Archive Literature Peace ... Medicine We always welcome your feedback and comments

4. Index Of Nobel Laureates In Physics ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF nobel PRIZE LAUREATES IN PHYSICS. Name, Year Awarded.Alferov, Zhores I. 2000. Tomonaga, SinItiro, 1965. townes, charles H. 1964. http://almaz.com/nobel/physics/alpha.html

ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF NOBEL PRIZE LAUREATES IN PHYSICS Name Year Awarded Alferov, Zhores I. Alfven, Hannes Alvarez, Luis W. Anderson, Carl David ... Medicine We always welcome your feedback and comments

5. Charles H. Townes charles H. townes. 1964 Shares the nobel Prize in Physics with A. Prokhorov andN. Basov of the Lebedev Institute in Moscow for fundamental work in http://www.bell-labs.com/history/laser/invention/townes-bio.html

MM_preloadImages('../images/home2.gif'); MM_preloadImages('../images/what2.gif'); MM_preloadImages('../images/where2.gif'); MM_preloadImages('../images/today2.gif'); MM_preloadImages('../images/why2.gif'); MM_preloadImages('../images/who2.gif'); Arthur Schawlow biography Charles Townes biography Bell Labs Historical Contributions Lucent Threw a Party and Everyone Came ... Bell Labs and Lucent's Contributions to Laser Research Comments? Contact the webmaster Charles H. Townes Born in Greenville, S.C. Receives a B.A. and a B.S. from Furman University. Receives an M.A. from Duke University. Joins Bell Labs on West Street, N.Y.C., after receiving his Ph.D. degree in physics from the California Institute of Technology. Becomes an associate professor of physics at Columbia University. Meets Arthur L. Schawlow, who comes to Columbia University on a fellowship and works as a research assistant to him. Becomes a professor of physics at Columbia and executive director of the Columbia Radiation Laboratory. Conceives if the idea of a maser (similar ideas occur independently to A. Prokhorov and N. Basov in Moscow and J. Weber of the University of Maryland).

6. Where Can I Learn More About Lasers? Adventures of a Scientist , by charles H. townes, Oxford in microwave spectroscopy,see CH townes and AL For information from the nobel Foundation on townes http://www.bell-labs.com/history/laser/more.html

MM_preloadImages('images/home2.gif'); MM_preloadImages('images/what2.gif'); MM_preloadImages('images/where2.gif'); MM_preloadImages('images/today2.gif'); MM_preloadImages('images/why2.gif'); MM_preloadImages('images/who2.gif'); Arthur Schawlow biography Charles Townes biography Bell Labs Historical Contributions Lucent Threw a Party and Everyone Came ... Bell Labs and Lucent's Contributions to Laser Research Comments? Contact the webmaster Where Can I learn More? http://www.osa.org/ For more information about the early development of the laser, see Arthur L. Schawlow, "Optical Masers," Scientific American , Vol. 204, No. 6, June 1961, p. 52; and Schawlow, "Advances in Optical Masers," Scientific American , Vol. 209, No. 1, July 1963, p. 34. For more information on the use of laser tweezers in biology, see Arthur Ashkin, "The Radiation Pressure of Laser Light," Scientific American , Vol. 222, pp. 63-71, 1972; and Ashkin, "Optical Trapping and Manipulation of Neutral Particles Using Lasers", Proceeding of the National Academy of Sciences USA , Vol. 94, pp. 4853-4860, May 1997 Physics.

7. South Carolina State Museum nobel Prize Laser Technology This is the nobel Prize medal for physics awardedto Dr. charles H. townes in 1964 for the development of laser principles. http://www.museum.state.sc.us/science/nobel.html

Plan Your Visit Museum Store Join Us! Museum Services ... Site Map For problems or corrections within this site email: WEBMaster Calendar Art Natural ... Conservation Nobel Prize Laser Technology This is the Nobel Prize medal for physics awarded to Dr. Charles H. Townes in 1964 for the development of laser principles. The gallery has a large laser technology interactive center and features two other South Carolina Nobelists, Dr. Joseph Goldstein and Dr. Kary Mullis. Charles H. Townes Center Here you can explore one of the greatest inventions of modern timesthe laser. The exhibits lead visitors on a voyage of discovery from the workings of the atom to the wonders of space .The center also provides an exciting learning environment for children and adults through hands-on exhibits, the Science Theatre and a changing science gallery. Townes accepts the Nobel Peace Prize, 1964 Dr. Townes and Dr. Arthur Schawlow Among the items on exhibit is the Nobel Prize awarded to Dr. Townes in 1964 for his work on the maser and the laser. Dr. Townes has the basic patent for the maser. He and his brother-in-law, Dr. Arthur Schawlow, hold the basic patent for the laser, which was first called the optical maser. Dr. Schawlow of Stanford University, also a Nobel laureate, was co-chairperson for the science panel for the planning of the Townes Center. Exhibits reveal the principles of electromagnetic energy, explain how the laser works, and focus on applications of this revolutionary, versatile technology. Such technology has allowed man to send many thousands of messages at a time through a strand of glass 1/10 the size of a human hair, to create the most perfect recording of music ever made, to measure time and distance with an accuracy never before possible, to slice through a fir tree four feet in diameter, to microscopically spot-weld a computer chip, to pierce a diamond and to repair the delicate tissues of the eye. The laser has saved the sight of millions around the world.

8. CHARLES TOWNES CENTER - In 1964, charles H. townes received the nobel Prize for contributions to the studyof quantum electronics, primarily for work in the development of the maser http://www.richland2.k12.sc.us/rce/towneslz.htm

CHARLES TOWNES CENTER - COMMEMORATIVE GALLERY Charles H. Townes, physicist and Nobel laureate, began his life and career in South Carolina. He played the major role in the development of the laser, one of science's greatest accomplishments. Townes finished Greenville High School at 15. He graduated summa cum laude from Furman University, in 1935, with degrees in physics and modern languages. He took an active interest in the university's museum. Townes did graduate work at Duke University. In 1939, he earned his doctorate in physics from California Institute of Technology. The many pictures and displays in the Charles Townes Center - Commemorative Gallery detail the rich and productive life of one of South Carolina's leading scientist. Charles Townes married Francis H. Brown in 1941 while he as a research physicist at Bell Laboratories. In the early 1950s, he was a professor of physics at Columbia University and was doing the spectroscopy research that would lead to the invention of the maser. In 1959, while still at Columbia University, he was awarded the patent for the maser and in 1960, with Arthur Schawlow, the first laser patent. A leading research scientist, Townes, was also a dynamic teacher. Many of his students have earned acclaim in physics research. In the 1960s, while at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Townes, along with his colleague Ali Javan, worked with experimental equipment that tested the theory of relativity using rotating lasers. Before going to MIT, Townes, spent two years in Washington as director or research at the Institute for Defense Analyses. In the mid-1960s, Townes served as a member of the President's Science Advisory Committee, during the Lyndon Johnson administration. Townes has served on presidential advisory committees since the late 1950s. In 1967 Townes became a professor of physics at the University of California, Berkeley.

9. About Charles Townes (Hamiilton Lecture Speaker, March 2, 2000, Dept. Of Physics charles H. townes' invention of the maser, a device that amplifies in the fieldof quantum electronics, townes was awarded the 1964 nobel Prize for http://pupgg.princeton.edu/www/jh/about_townes.html

CHARLES H. TOWNES University of California, at Berkeley Charles H. Townes' invention of the maser, a device that amplifies electromagnetic waves, created a means for the sensitive reception of communications and for precise navigation. The maser provided basic components of the laser, for which Townes also received a patent. The difference between a maser and a laser is that the laser utilizes visible light. Apart from being useful tools in the laboratory, both masers and lasers have found many applications in radar, communications, astronomy, navigation, atomic clocks, surgery, and industry. For his advances in the field of quantum electronics, Townes was awarded the 1964 Nobel Prize for Physics. Brief Biography PRINCETON UNIVERSITY ... Site Administrator Last Updated: 2-17-2000 HOME tel 609-258-4400 fax 609-258-1124

10. Esquire:Features:What I've Learned:Charles H. Townes Scott Carrier interviews charles H. townes, Physicistand nobel laureate, 86, Berkeley, California. http://www.esquire.com/features/learned/011101_mwi_townes.html

Advanced Search Charles H. Townes Physicist and Nobel laureate, 86, Berkeley, California Interviewed by Scott Carrier December 2001, Volume 136, Issue 6 Photograph by Dan Winters Science is exploration. The fundamental nature of exploration is that we don't know what's there. We can guess and hope and aim to find out certain things, but we have to expect surprises. Look at Columbus: He was aiming for India. Well, he missed it. He found something else. Listen to other people, but don't necessarily follow them. God is very difficult to define, but I feel his presence. I feel an omnipresence everywhere and something, at the same time, rather personal. In religion, people talk about revelations. In science you find many revelations, too, it's just that people don't talk about them that way. When the idea for the laser came to me, I was sitting on a park bench thinking, Now, why haven't I been able to do this? Suddenly a new idea comes to me, a new creation. Where did it come from? Did God give me this idea? Who knows? I didn't suddenly have a view of God's face, if that's what you mean. In science we just don't talk about it much. You say, Well, I had an idea.

11. Sigma Xi: The Scientific Research Society: Charles H. Townes charles H. townes is University Professor of Physics Emeritus at a half decades ofwork, townes’ accomplishments range He won the nobel Prize for physics in http://www.sigmaxi.org/programs/prizes/common.townes.shtml

Overview Diversity Education Ethics ... Common Wealth Search: Site Map Home Common Wealth Charles H. Townes 1993 Common Wealth Award for Science and Invention Back to top

12. Sigma Xi: The Scientific Research Society: Nobel Laureates About Sigma Xi » Overview » nobel Laureates G. Segre 1960 Donald A. Glaser 1961Robert Hofstadter 1963 Eugene P. Wigner 1964 charles H. townes 1963 Maria http://www.sigmaxi.org/about/overview/nobel.shtml

Overview Leadership Organization News ... Contact Us About: Overview Leadership Organization News Support Sigma Xi ... Contact Us Search: Site Map Home Overview Physics 1907 Albert Michelson 1921 Albert Einstein 1923 Robert A. Millikan 1925 James Franck 1927 Arthur H. Compton 1936 Carl D. Anderson 1937 Clinton J. Davisson 1938 Enrico Fermi 1939 Ernest O. Lawrence 1943 Otto Stern 1944 Isidor Isaac Rabi 1945 Wolfgang Pauli 1946 Percy Williams Bridgman 1952 Felix Bloch 1952 Edward M. Purcell 1955 Polykarp Kusch 1955 Willis E. Lamb, Jr. 1956 John Bardeen 1956 Walter H. Brattain 1956 William Shockley 1957 Chen Ning Yang 1958 Igor Y. Tamm 1959 Owen Chamberlain 1959 Emilio G. Segre 1960 Donald A. Glaser 1961 Robert Hofstadter 1963 Eugene P. Wigner

13. OSETI III: Charles Townes Honored At SPIE's OSETI III Conference A surprise presentation was made to nobel Laureate, Professor charles townes, afterhis talk today. Award presented to charles H. townes on January 22, 2001 http://www.coseti.org/4273-05award.htm

Optical SETI Map Conferences Map Illustrations Map Photo Galleries Map ... OSETI Network Search WWW Search www.coseti.org Search www.oseti.net Search www.photonstar.org Search www.fourthplanet.org Search www.stuartkingsley.com Charles Townes Honored at SPIE's OSETI III Conference January 22, 2001 Press Release The Third International Conference on Optical SETI (Optical SETI III) is being held this week (January 22-24) in San Jose as part of SPIE's Photonics West Symposium. The conference program schedule may be found at: www.coseti.org/4273-sch.htm A surprise presentation was made to Nobel Laureate, Professor Charles Townes, after his talk today. Professor, Don O'Shea , immediate past president of SPIE did the honors. The award, which celebrates the 40th anniversary of optical SETI and Charlie's contributions to both lasers and optical SETI, was sponsored by: International Society for Optical Engineering (SPIE) COSETI Observatory Planetary Society SETI League ... SETI Institute The award consists of an acrylic trophy, a high-radiance frequency-doubled semiconductor-pumped 532 nm (green) laser pointer in rosewood case and a certificate (see below for images). The trophy, laser pointer and rosewood case are each suitably inscribed. The conference and presentation were held in the Hyatt Courtyard, Hyatt St. Claire Hotel, across the road from the San Jose Convention Center, after Charles Townes' conference paper: Reflections on Forty Years of Optical SETI Looking Forward and Looking Backward The award ceremony was followed by a one-hour

14. Arthur Schawlow, Nobel Laureate And Co-inventor Of The Laser, Dies Arthur Schawlow, nobel Laureate and Coinventor of the Laser, Dies. invention of thelaser, Schawlow and his co-inventor charles H. townes, professor emeritus http://www.coseti.org/schaobit.htm

Optical SETI Map Conferences Map Illustrations Map Photo Galleries Map ... OSETI Network Search WWW Search www.coseti.org Search www.oseti.net Search www.photonstar.org Search www.fourthplanet.org Search www.stuartkingsley.com Arthur Schawlow, Nobel Laureate and Co-inventor of the Laser, Dies ayee@nova.astro.utoronto.ca Home Glossary SPIE's OSETI I Conference ... SPIE's OSETI III Conference This Web Site: www.coseti.org Personal Web Site: www.stuartkingsley.com Last modified: 01/26/03 Contact Info

15. Main/About Prof. Safa Kasap to work with charles H. townes. What a marvelous place Columbia was then, underII Rabi's leadership! There were no less than eight future nobel laureates in http://photonics.usask.ca/Photonics/Schawlow.html

The following autobiography is taken from the Nobel Foundation (http://www.nobel.se) with permission. Arthur L. Schawlow I was born in Mount Vernon, New York, U.S.A. on May 5, 1921. My father had come from Europe a decade earlier. He left his home in Riga to study electrical engineering at Darmstadt, but arrived too late for the beginning of the term. Therefore, he went on to visit his brother in New York, and never returned either to Europe or to electrical engineering. My mother was a Canadian and, at her urging, the family moved to Toronto in 1924. I attended public schools there, Winchester elementary school, the Normal Model School attached to the teacher's college, and Vaughan Road Collegiate Institute (high school). As a boy, I was always interested in scientific things, electrical, mechanical or astronomical, and read nearly everything that the library could provide on these subjects. I intended to try to go to the University of Toronto to study radio engineering, and my parents encouraged me. Unfortunately my high school years, 1932 to 1937, were in the deepest part of the great economic depression. My father's salary as one of the many agents for a large insurance company could not cover the cost of a college education for my sister, Rosemary, and me. Indeed, at that time few high school graduates continued their education. Only three or four out of our high school class of sixty or so students were able to go to a unversity. There were, at that time, no scholarships in engineering, but we were both fortunate enough to win scholarships in the faculty of Arts of the University of Toronto. My sister's was for English literature, and mine was for mathematics and physics. Physics seemed pretty close to radio engineering, and so that was what I pursued. It now seems to me to have been a most fortunate chance, for I do not have the patience with design details that an engineer must have. Physics has given me a chance to concentrate on concepts and methods, and I have enjoyed it greatly.

16. Ford/MIT Nobel Laureate Lecture Series Previous nobel Laureate Lectures. Photo of Franco Modigliani, Paul A.Samuelson, and Robert M. Solow, Photo of charles H. townes. http://web.mit.edu/nobel-lectures/previous-lectures.html

Previous Nobel Laureate Lectures The U.S. Economy: The Last 50 Years and the Next 50 Years Franco Modigliani Paul A. Samuelson Robert M. Solow The Black Hole at the Center of Our Galaxy Charles H. Townes The Philosophy of Conflict Resolution John Hume Building a Community on Trust David Baltimore Ford/MIT Nobel Laureate Lecture Home Questions or comments, please contact us

17. MIT Nobel Prize Winners Eight from MIT win 2001 nobels in 5 fields MIT news release, October 12, 2001;Theses of MIT Alumni nobel Prize Winners charles H. townes, shared Physics http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/nr/nobels.html

Special Reports News Releases Search MIT News Office ... MIT 56 MIT-related Nobel Prize winners include faculty, researchers, alumni and staff UPDATED OCTOBER 7, 2002 Contact Information Fifty-six current or former members of the MIT community have won the Nobel Prize . They include 22 professors, 23 alumni (including three of the professors), 13 researchers and one staff physician. Twenty-five of the Nobel Prizes are in physics, ten in chemistry, eleven in economics, eight in medicine/physiology, and two in peace. Eight Nobel prizes were won by researchers who helped develop radar at the MIT Radiation Laboratory. Nobelists who are current members of the MIT community are Drs. Horvitz (2002), Ketterle (2001), Molina (1995), Sharp (1993), Friedman (1990), Tonegawa (1987), Solow (1987), Modigliani (1985), Ting (1976) Samuelson (1970), and Khorana (1968). - MIT news release, October 7, 2002 Eight from MIT win 2001 Nobels i n 5 fields - MIT news release, October 12, 2001 Theses of MIT Alumni Nobel Prize Winners - MIT Libraries MIT-related Nobelists by discipline MIT-related Nobelists by MIT relationship H. Robert Horvitz

18. 41 Nobel Laureates Sign Against A War Without International Support who readied the Hiroshima bomb and later advised NATO; and charles H. townes, formerresearch In addition to winning nobel prizes, 18 of the signers have http://www.commondreams.org/headlines03/0128-01.htm

Home Newswire About Us Donate ... Archives Headlines Published on Tuesday, January 28, 2003 by the New York Times 41 Nobel Laureates Sign Against a War Without International Support by William J. Broad Forty-one American Nobel laureates in science and economics issued a declaration yesterday opposing a preventive war against Iraq without wide international support. The statement, four sentences long, argues that an American attack would ultimately hurt the security and standing of the United States, even if it succeeds. The signers, all men, include a number who at one time or another have advised the federal government or played important roles in national security. Among them are Hans A. Bethe, an architect of the atom bomb; Walter Kohn, a former adviser to the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency at the Pentagon; Norman F. Ramsey, a Manhattan Project scientist who readied the Hiroshima bomb and later advised NATO; and Charles H. Townes, former research director of the Institute for Defense Analyses at the Pentagon and chairman of a federal panel that studied how to base the MX missile and its nuclear warheads. In addition to winning Nobel prizes, 18 of the signers have received the National Medal of Science, the nation's highest science honor.

19. Arthur Schawlow, Nobel Laureate And Co-inventor Of The Laser, Dies: 4/99 to Columbia University to work with charles H. townes, an townes had invented themaser, a device that creates for which he subsequently won the nobel prize. http://www.stanford.edu/dept/news/report/news/may5/schawlowobit-55.html

Issue of May 5, 1999 Memorial service May 20 for Arthur Schawlow, laser co-inventor BY DAVID F. SALISBURY A memorial service will be held at 2 p.m. Thursday, May 20, in Memorial Church for Arthur L. Schawlow, a.k.a. The Laser Man, who died April 28 at Stanford Hospital from pneumonia and congestive heart failure after a prolonged battle with leukemia. He was 77. With these exhibitions, Schawlow demonstrated two aspects of his character: the serious scientist, who never lost his interest in how matter behaves and in ways to make it behave differently, and a deeply caring person with an irrepressible sense of humor. Related Information: Schawlow, Djerassi honored with national medals of science, technology Through the invention of the laser, Schawlow and his co-inventor Charles H. Townes, professor emeritus of physics at the University of California-Berkeley, have had a major impact on a wide range of scientific disciplines. Although dubbed a technology in search of an application when it was invented, lasers have played an essential role in scientific studies ranging from physics to geology to microbiology. At the same time, lasers have found a host of commercial applications, ranging from surveying to CD music players, from welding detached retinas back into the eye to moving tremendous amounts of data across country via optical fiber.

20. Nobel Prize Winner Townes And Laser Co-inventor To Give Bunyan Lecture: 4/00 BY DAWN LEVY. Physicist and nobel Prize winner charles H. townes will deliver the20th annual Bunyan Lecture at 7 pm Wednesday, April 12, in Terman Auditorium. http://www.stanford.edu/dept/news/report/news/april5/bunyan-45.html

Issue of April 5, 2000 Nobel Prize winner and laser co-inventor Townes to give Bunyan Lecture BY DAWN LEVY Physicist and Nobel Prize winner Charles H. Townes will deliver the 20th annual Bunyan Lecture at 7 p.m. Wednesday, April 12, in Terman Auditorium. The talk is titled "Logic and Uncertainty in Science and Religion." Hosted by the Astronomy Program in the Department of Physics, the talk is free and open to the public. "There's a relationship between the two fields [science and religion]," Townes said in a phone interview. "We should use all of our human faculties logic, evidence, intuition in understanding each. There are inconsistencies, things we don't understand about each. But we try to get the best answers that we can in both fields. My own view is that they will ultimately converge." Townes' principal research is in microwave spectroscopy, nuclear and molecular structure, quantum electronics and, more recently, radio astronomy and infrared astronomy. His work in radio astronomy resulted in the first detection of polyatomic molecules in interstellar clouds and the use of molecular spectra to characterize these clouds. Much of this work is aimed at gaining a better understanding of the galaxy's center. To measure the size of stars, Townes recently finished developing a pair of movable telescopes for very high resolution of astronomical objects at infrared wavelengths. The two telescopes employ interferometry to combined light as if it came from a single, gigantic telescope mirror. At 4 p.m. April 11, Townes will speak about this work at a physics and applied physics colloquium in Room 201 of the Teaching Center in the Science and Engineering Quad (TCSEQ). The title of his talk is "Behavior of Old Stars Observed by Infrared Spatial Interferometry."

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