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         Virtanen Artturi Ilmari:     more detail
  1. Nobel Lectures Including Presentation Speeches and Laureates' Biographies. Chemistry, 1942 - 1962. by George, HAHN, Otto, VIRTANEN, Artturi Ilmari et al. NOBEL. DE HEVESY, 1964
  2. People From Vyborg: Artturi Ilmari Virtanen, Lauri Törni, Martti Ahtisaari, Vitaly Petrov, Uno Ullberg, Viatcheslav Ekimov, Johannes Virolainen
  3. Academics of the University of Helsinki: Lars Ahlfors, Rolf Nevanlinna, Artturi Ilmari Virtanen, Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg, Teivo Teivainen
  4. Finnish Chemists: Finnish Pharmacists, Artturi Ilmari Virtanen, Edvard Hjelt, Johan Gadolin, Viktor Schauman
  5. Agricultural Education: Agricultural Schools, Agriculture Educators, George Washington Carver, Wilhelm Johannsen, Artturi Ilmari Virtanen
  6. Finnish Inventors: Artturi Ilmari Virtanen, Eric Tigerstedt, Spede Pasanen, Lauri Rapala
  7. Hochschullehrer (Helsinki): Lauri Ingman, Artturi Ilmari Virtanen, Johan Vilhelm Snellman, Rolf Nevanlinna, Peter A. Kraus (German Edition)
  8. Finnish Nobel Laureates: Frans Eemil Sillanpää, Artturi Ilmari Virtanen, Martti Ahtisaari, Ragnar Granit
  9. Biochemiker: Isaac Asimov, Frederic Vester, Hans Adolf Krebs, Artturi Ilmari Virtanen, Hans Fischer, James Batcheller Sumner (German Edition)
  10. Some central nutritional problems of the present time (W.O. Atwater Memorial lecture) by Artturi Ilmari Virtanen, 1968
  11. Studies of milk produced by cows fed a synthetic diet of urea and / or ammonium salts and purified carbohydrates, to obtain basic information on the factors ... flavour in milk and milk products by Artturi Ilmari Virtanen, 1969
  12. Fundamental studies of organic compounds in plants, especially vegetables and fodder plants, and their enzymic- and chemical-splitting products which often ... potential for their products: Final report by Artturi Ilmari Virtanen, 1969
  13. Biochemistry of nitrogen: A collection of papers... dedicated to Artturi Ilmari Virtanen on the occasion of his 60th birthday, January 15th, 1955

61. Winners Of The Nobel Prize In Chemistry
The nobel Prize Internet Archive. artturi ilmari virtanen for his research and inventionsin agricultural and nutrition chemistry, especially for his fodder
http://www.fundp.ac.be/~lambertc/PaYsAger/chemistry.html
Nobel Prize in Chemistry Winners 1998-1901 brought to you by The Nobel Prize Internet Archive Proposal: Benoit Champagne for his elucidation of chaotic trajectories of drunken dancers The prize was divided, one half being awarded jointly to: P AUL D. B OYER and J OHN E. W ALKER for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and with one half to: J ENS C. S KOU for the first discovery of an ion-transporting enzyme, Na , K -ATPase. The prize was awarded jointly to: R OBERT F. C URL, ... ROTO , and R ICHARD E. S MALLEY for their discovery of fullerenes. The prize was awarded jointly to: P AUL C RUTZEN ... OLINA , and F S HERWOOD R ... OWLAND for their work in atmospheric chemistry, particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone. G EORGE A O ... LAH for his contribution to carbocation chemistry. The prize was awarded for contributions to the developments of methods within DNA-based chemistry equally between: K ARY B M ... ULLIS for his invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. and M ICHAEL S MITH for his fundamental contributions to the establishment of oligonucleiotide-based, site-directed mutagenesis and its development for protein studies.

62. Behind The Name: Nobel Prize Winners By Category
Behind the Name the etymology and history of first names. nobel Prize Winnersby Category. Otto Hahn, 1944, Chemistry, artturi ilmari virtanen, 1945, Chemistry,
http://www.behindthename.com/namesakes/nobelchro.html
t h e e t y m o l o g y a n d h i s t o r y o f f i r s t n a m e s Nobel Prize Winners by Category Name Years Type Also Known As Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff Chemistry Hermann Emil Fischer Chemistry Svante August Arrhenius Chemistry Sir William Ramsay Chemistry Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer Chemistry Henri Moissan Chemistry Eduard Buchner Chemistry Ernest Rutherford Chemistry Wilhelm Ostwald Chemistry Otto Wallach Chemistry Marie Curie Chemistry Paul Sabatier Chemistry Victor Grignard Chemistry Alfred Werner Chemistry Theodore William Richards Chemistry Chemistry Fritz Haber Chemistry Walther Hermann Nernst Chemistry Frederick Soddy Chemistry Francis William Aston Chemistry Fritz Pregl Chemistry Richard Adolf Zsigmondy Chemistry The Svedberg Chemistry (Theodor) Heinrich Otto Wieland Chemistry Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus Chemistry Arthur Harden Chemistry Hans Karl August Simon von Euler-Chelpin Chemistry Hans Fischer Chemistry Carl Bosch Chemistry Friedrich Bergius Chemistry Irving Langmuir Chemistry Harold Clayton Urey Chemistry Chemistry Chemistry Petrus Josephus Wilhelmus Debye Chemistry (Peter) Paul Karrer Chemistry Walter Norman Haworth Chemistry Richard Kuhn Chemistry Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt Chemistry Leopold Ruzicka Chemistry George de Hevesy Chemistry Otto Hahn Chemistry Artturi Ilmari Virtanen Chemistry James Batcheller Sumner Chemistry John Howard Northrop Chemistry Wendell Meredith Stanley Chemistry Sir Robert Robinson Chemistry Arne Wilhelm Kaurin Tiselius Chemistry William Francis Giauque Chemistry Kurt Alder Chemistry Otto Paul Hermann Diels

63. January In Chemistry
artturi ilmari virtanen born 1895 nutrition and development of food resources;nitrogen fixation; preservation of silage; nobel Prize, 1945;
http://webserver.lemoyne.edu/faculty/giunta/January.html
January in Chemistry
Links in these month-by-month files are revised only yearly, when the events are posted on This Week in the History of Chemistry . Click here to view principal sources. January 1 January 2

64. Technical Information Center
USDA, US Department of Agriculture. USP, US Pharmacopoeia. A Century of nobel PrizeWinners in Chemistry. 1945, artturi ilmari virtanen fodder preservation method.
http://www.accustandard.com/asi/tech_info_center.php3
if(document.all) document.write(''); else document.write(''); Information Center Useful Conversions A Century of Nobel Prize Winners in Chemistry Abbreviations and Acronyms solid liquid T H E P E R I O D I C T A B L E gas synth Discoverer
H
AtomicWeight
He

Li

Be
Shell Isotopes
B

C

N

O
...
Mg
Orbital SpecificGrav
Al
Si P S ... Uuo lanthanons Ce Pr Nd Pm ... Lu actinons Th Pa U Np ... Lr Useful Conversions Mass To Multiply By Liquid Volume To Multiply By Ounces Grams Ounces Milliliters Pounds Kilograms Pints Liters Grams Ounces Quarts Liters Kilograms Pounds Gallons Liters Milliliters Ounces Temperature To Liters Pints Degrees Fahrenheit Degrees C subtract 32 then 5/9 Liters Quarts Degrees Celsius Degrees F 9/5 then add 32 Liters Gallons Abbreviations and Acronyms AA Atomic Absorption ACS American Chemical Society ANSI American National Standards Institute AOAC Association of Official Analytical Chemists APHA American Public Health Association ASTM American Society for Testing Materials BSI British Standards Institute CAS Chemical Abstracts Service

65. I Premi Nobel Per La Chimica E Fisica
Translate this page pace). Premio nobel per la Chimica. 1901 Jacobus Van’t Hoff (1852-1911).per pesanti. 1945 artturi ilmari virtanen (1895-1973). per
http://www.servizi-globali.it/stelle/Nobel.htm
I Premi Nobel per la chimica e la fisica di Michele T. Mazzucato Alfred Bernhard Nobel (Stoccolma, 21 ottobre 1833 - Sanremo, 10 dicembre 1896) " ...a un fondo i cui interessi si distribuiranno annualmente in forma di premio a coloro che, durante l’anno precedente, più abbiano contribuito al benessere dell’umanità. Una parte del premio andrà alla persona che abbia fatto la scoperta o l’invenzione più importante nel campo della fisica; una a chi abbia fatto la scoperta più importante o apportato il più grosso incremento nell’ambito della chimica; una parte alla persona che abbia fatto la maggior scoperta nel campo della fisiologia o della medicina; una parte ancora a chi, nell’ambito della letteratura, abbia prodotto il lavoro di tendenza idealistica più notevole; una parte infine alla persona che più si sia prodigata o abbia realizzato il miglior lavoro ai fini della fraternità tra le nazioni, per l’abolizione o la riduzione degli eserciti permanenti". Parigi, 27 novembre 1895

66. Joensuu Gård
Joensuu estate The first squire was worldfamous artturi ilmari virtanen, who receivedthenobel Prize in Chemistry 1945 virtanen links The nobel Prize in
http://www.kolumbus.fi/john.koivurinta/gardjoensuu.html
Joensuu barn is today a musical day care centre for children. Joensuu estate The first squire was world-famous A rtturi I lmari V irtanen, who received theNobel Prize in Chemistry 1945
for his discovery of preservation of fresh fodder by ensilation system which method is still best known s AIV. Virtanen links: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1945 Biography
Back to thumbnails

67. Wikipedia: 1945
Translate this page Norimberga? contro i criminali di guerra nazisti. Premi nobel. fisica- Wolfgang Pauli? chimica - artturi ilmari virtanen? medicina
http://it.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?1945

68. Lunar Republic : Craters
virtanen. 15.5N. 176.7E. 44. artturi ilmari ~ (18951973), Finnish agriculturalbiochemist; awarded the 1945 nobel Prize in chemistry for his research and
http://www.lunarrepublic.com/gazetteer/crater_v.shtml
Craters (V)
Craters A B C D ... Return To Gazetteer Index Latin Name Lat Long Diam Origin Väisälä Yrjö ~ (1891-1971), Finnish astronomer, geodecist and meteorologist; inventor of the aplanatic telescope, which provides correction for spherical aberration and coma. Valier Max ~ (1895-1930), German author, astronomer and rocketry engineer (born in Austria); influential in creating the Society for Space Travel, whose core members (including Willy Ley and Wernher von Braun [qq.v.]) later formed the amateur rocket club Raketenflugplatz . Killed while experimenting with a rocket car. Van Albada Gale Bruno ~ (1912-1972), Dutch astronomer. Van Biesbroeck George A. ~ (1880-1974), Belgian-American astronomer; famed binary star observer. The American Astronomical Society presents an annual award in his name "to a living individual for long-term extraordinary or unselfish service to astronomy, often beyond the requirements of his or her paid position."

69. Biographies Of Chemists
virtanen, artturi ilmari nobel prize Chemistry 1945 E (SE). von EulerChelpin,Hans Karl August Simon nobel prize Chemistry 1929 E (SE).
http://www.chemlin.de/chemistry/chemists.htm
Index A - Z English Index News Chemistry sections Practical chemistry Everyday-chemistry ... Chemistry forum
Digitalverlag GmbH
Biographies of Chemists ... and scientists. See also: cross-references to related topics.

70. Chemiker
Translate this page nobel, Alfred (USA) E. nobel, Alfred Biographie, offizielle Seite der nobelFoundation (SE) E. virtanen, artturi ilmari nobelpreis Chemie 1945 E (SE).
http://www.chemlin.de/chemie/chemiker.htm
Index A - Z English Index News Teilbereiche Chemie Praktische Chemie Chemie im Alltag ... Forum
Digitalverlag GmbH
Chemiker Verweise auf Internetquellen mit Biografien einzelner Chemiker. Siehe auch: Querverweise zu sachverwandten Themen.

71. Verkkotoveri | Maanantai 07.04.2003 | Suomi | FAMOUS FINNS IN MY AND MY GRANDPAR
And, of course, our nobel prize winner artturi ilmari virtanen, hecame up with the invention of the AIV salt and the AIV silage.
http://www.aamulehti.fi/verkkotoveri/lehdet/uusi/se9.shtml
FAMOUS FINNS IN MY AND MY GRANDPARENTS' FINLAND
By Teemu Savolainen, Juha Hankala, Jouni Lätti and Kalle Wuoti We are about to tell you the horrible truth about the differences between the famous people of the past and those of today. First we interviewed an old person, so that we could find out who were famous at the time when our parents were only in the imagination of our grandparents. So here is what we got : Question 1: Could you tell us something about yourself? Answer: My name is Jouko Kiiski but friends call me "Jokke" and I am a 93-year-old senior citizen. Question 2: So, could you tell us who was the most famous Finn when you were young ? Answer: I’m not quite sure about that, but I think it was Paavo Nurmi. You know, he was the king of the running tracks at that time. He won five gold medals in the Olympic Games of Paris in 1924. I know because I was there. Question 3: Who were your idols ? Answer: There weren’t so many famous young people at that time. But I just loved to read books and my favourite writers were Frans Emil Sillanpää and Mika Waltari. And then I also admired "Urkki". That’s Urho Kekkonen, our former president of course. He was such a jolly fellow during his early years in politics. Question 4: Any other famous people at that time ?

72. Sekalaiset-vitsit. Kerännyt Ja Kirjoittanut Arto Ikola 1999.
AIVrehun nobel-palkitulla keksijällä artturi ilmari Virtasella väitetään olleenhulttiopoika Hänen nimensä oli muuten Heikki ilmari virtanen.
http://www.phnet.fi/public/www-vitsit/sekalaiset2.html
SEKALAISET VITSIT, OSA 2
- Liisa, milloin sinun on oltava kotona?
- Paljonko sinulla on rahaa?
- Parisen tuhatta.
- Ensi perjantaina. - Oletko sinä taikauskoinen?
- En.
- Sittenhän sinä voit lainata minulle kolmetoista markkaa. - Esko on todellinen poropeukalo.
- Miten niin?
- Hän ei osaa keittää edes teevettä. Vaimo keittää sen illalla valmiiksi, niin että Eskon tarvitsee vain lämmittää se aamulla töihin lähtiessään. Kallen vaimo oli hyvin pulskassa kunnossa, kun ei millään malttanut olla napostelematta kaikenlaista pientä aterioiden välillä. Päästäkseen eroon pahasta tavastaan hän keksi teipata jääkaapin oveen hoikan bikiniasuisen tytön kuvan. Se keino tepsikin, sillä kuukauden päästä hän oli laihtunut kuusi kiloa. Hänen aviomiehensä Kalle sen sijaan oli lihonut kahdeksan kiloa. Jos mies nousee autostaan, kiertää toiselle ovelle ja avaa sen auttaakseen naisen ulos, voi olla varma, että joko auto tai nainen on uusi. - Minusta tuntuu, että vävypoikani on kiinnostunut vain omaisuudestani.
- Mistä sinä niin päättelet?

73. Felix.unife.it/Root/d-General/d-Chemistry/d-The-chemist/t-Nobel-prizes-chemistry
The prize for 1945 virtanen, artturi ilmari, Finland, Helsinki University, * 1895,+ 1973 för THE nobel PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1946 The prize was divided, one
http://felix.unife.it/Root/d-General/d-Chemistry/d-The-chemist/t-Nobel-prizes-ch
THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1901 VAN'T HOFF, JACOBUS HENRICUS, the Netherlands, Berlin University, Germany, * 1852, + 1911: "såsom ett erkännande av den utomordentliga förtjänst han inlagt genom upptäckten av lagarna för den kemiska dynamiken och för det osmotiska trycket i lösningar"; "in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the laws of chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure in solutions". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1902 FISCHER, HERMANN EMIL, Germany, Berlin University, * 1852, + 1919 "såsom ett erkännande av den utomordentliga förtjänst han inlagt genom sina syntetiska arbeten inom socker - och purin-grupperna"; "in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his work on sugar and purine syntheses". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1903 ARRHENIUS, SVANTE AUGUST, Sweden, Stockholm University, * 1859, + 1927 "såsom ett erkännande för den utomordentliga förtjänst han genom sin elektrolytiska dissociations-teori inlagt om kemiens utveckling"; "in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered to the advancement of chemistry by his electrolytic theory of dissociation". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1904 RAMSAY, Sir WILLIAM, Great Britain, London University, * 1852, + 1916: "såsom ett erkännande av den förtjänst han inlagt genom upptäckten av de indifferenta gasformiga grundämnenena i luften och bestämmandet av deras plats i det periodiska systemet"; "in recognition of his services in the discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air, and his determination of their place in the periodic system". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1905 VON BAEYER, JOHANN FRIEDRICH WILHELM ADOLF, Germany, Munich University, * 1835, + 1917: "såsom ett erkännande av den förtjänst han inlagt om den organiska kemiens och den kemiska industriens utveckling genom sina arbeten rörande organiska färgämnen och hydroaromatiska föreningar"; "in recognition of his services in the advancement of organic chemistry and the chemical industry, through his work on organic dyes and hydroaromatic compounds". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1906 MOISSAN, HENRI, France, Sorbonne University, Paris, * 1852, + 1907: "såsom ett erkännande av den stora förtjänst han inlagt genom sin undersökning och isolering av elementet fluor samt genom införandet av den efter honom uppkallade elektriska ugnen i vetenskapens tjänst"; "in recognition of the great services rendered by him in his investigation and isolation of the element fluorine, and for the adoption in the service of science of the electric furnace called after him". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1907 BUCHNER, EDUARD, Germany, Landwirtschaftliche Hochschule, (Agricultural College), Berlin, * 1860, + 1917: "för hans biologiskkemiska undersökningar och upptäckt av den cellfria jäsningen"; "for his biochemical researches and his discovery of cellfree fermentation". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1908 RUTHERFORD, Lord ERNEST, Great Britain, Victoria University, Manchester, * 1871 (in Nelson, New Zeeland), + 1937: "för hans undersökningar rörande elementers sönderfallande och de radioaktiva ämnenenas kemi"; "for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements, and the chemistry of radioactive substances". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1909 OSTWALD, WILHELM, Germany, Leipzig University, * 1853 (in Riga, then Russia), + 1932: "såsom ett erkännande åt hans arbeten över katalys jämte hans härför grundläggande undersökningar över kemiska jämviktsförhållanden och reaktionshastigheter"; "in recognition of his work on catalysis and for his investigations into the fundamental principles governing chemical equilibria and rates of reaction". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1910 WALLACH, OTTO, Germany, Goettingen University, * 1847, + 1931: "såsom ett erkännande av den förtjänst han inlagt om den organiska kemiens och den kemiska industriens utveckling genom sina banbrytande arbeten på de alicykliska föreningarnas område"; "in recognition of his services to organic chemistry and the chemical industry by his pioneer work in the field of alicyclic compounds". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1911 CURIE, MARIE, née SKLODOWSKA, France, Sorbonne University, Paris, * 1867 (in Warsaw, Poland), + 1934: "såsom ett erkännande för den förtjänst hon inlagt om kemiens utveckling genom upptäckten av grundämnena radium och polonium, genom karakteriserandet av radium och dess isolerande i metalliskt tillstånd samt genom sina undersökningar angående detta märkliga grundämnes föreningar"; "in recognition of her services to the advancement of chemistry by the discovery of the elements radium and polonium, by the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1912 The prize was divided equally between: GRIGNARD, VICTOR, France, Nancy University, * 1871, + 1935: "för det av honom uppfunna så kallade Grignard'ska reagenset, som i hög grad främjat den organiska kemiens framsteg under de senare åren"; "for the discovery of the so-called Grignard reagent, which in recent years has greatly advanced the progress of organic chemistry"; and SABATIER, PAUL, France, Toulouse University, * 1854, + 1941: "för hans metod att hydrera organiska föreningar vid närvaro av fint fördelade metaller, varigenom den organiska kemiens framsteg under de senare åren i hög grad främjats"; "for his method of hydrogenating organic compounds in the presence of finely disintegrated metals whereby the progress of organic chemistry has been greatly advanced in recent years". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1913 WERNER, ALFRED, Switzerland, Zurich University, * 1866 (in Mulhouse, Alsace, then Germany), + 1919: "på grund av hans arbeten angående atomernas bindningsförhållanden inom molekylen, varigenom han belyst äldre och öppnat nya forskningsområden, särskilt inom den oorganiska kemien"; "in recognition of his work on the linkage of atoms in molecules by which he has thrown new light on earlier investigations and opened up new fields of research especially in inorganic chemistry". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1914 Reserved. THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1915 The prize for 1914: RICHARDS, THEODORE WILLIAM, U.S.A., Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, * 1868, + 1928: "såsom ett erkännande för hans noggranna bestämmningar av ett stort antal kemiska grundämnens atomvikter"; "in recognition of his accurate determinations of the atomic weight of a large number of chemical elements". The prize for 1915: WILLSTÄTTER, RICHARD MARTIN, Germany, Munich University, * 1872, + 1942: "för hans undersökningar av färgämnen i växtriket, framförallt klorofyll"; "for his researches on plant pigments, especially chlorophyll". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1916 Reserved. THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1917 The prize money for 1916 was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section. The prize for 1917: Reserved. THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1918 The prize money for 1917 was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section. The prize for 1918: Reserved. THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1919 The prize for 1918: HABER, FRITZ, Germany, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Fritz-Haber-Institut) für physikalische Chemie und Electrochemie, Berlin-Dahlem, * 1868, + 1934: "för hans syntes av ammoniak ur dess element"; "for the synthesis of ammonia from its elements". The prize for 1919: Reserved. THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1920 The prize money for 1919 was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section. The prize for 1920: Reserved. THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1921 The prize for 1920: NERNST, WALTHER HERMANN, Germany, Berlin University, * 1864, + 1941: "såsom ett erkännande för hans termokemiska arbeten"; "in recognition of his work in thermochemistry". The prize for 1921: Reserved. THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1922 The prize for 1921: SODDY, FREDERICK, Great Britain, Oxford University, * 1877, + 1956: "för hans bidrag till kännedom om de radioaktiva ämnenas kemi och hans undersökningar rörande isotopers förekomst och natur"; "for his contributions to our knowledge of the chemistry of radioactive substances, and his investigations into the origin and nature of isotopes". The prize for 1922: ASTON, FRANCIS WILLIAM, Great Britain, Cambridge University, * 1877, + 1945: "för hans medelst masspektrografen gjorda upptäckt av ett stort antal ej radioaktiva grundämnens isotopiförhållanden samt av den s.k. heltalslagen"; "for his discovery, by means of his mass spectrograph, of isotopes, in a large number of non-radioactive elements, and for his enunciation of the whole-number rule". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1923 PREGL, FRITZ, Austria, Graz University, * 1869, + 1930: "för den av honom uppfunna mikroanalysen av organiska ämnen"; "for his invention of the method of micro-analysis of organic substances". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1924 Reserved. THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1925 The prize money for 1924 was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section. The prize for 1925: Reserved. THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1926 The prize for 1925: ZSIGMONDY, RICHARD ADOLF, Germany, Goettingen University, * 1865 (in Vienna, Austria), + 1929: "för uppvisandet av de kolloida lösningarnas heterogena natur och för de därvid använda metoderna, som varit grundläggande för den moderna kolloidkemien"; "for his demonstration of the heterogenous nature of colloid solutions and for the methods he used, which have since become fundamental in modern colloid chemistry". The prize for 1926: SVEDBERG, THE (THEODOR), Sweden, Uppsala University, * 1884, + 1971: "för hans arbeten rörande dispersa system"; "for his work on disperse systems". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1927 Reserved. THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1928 The prize for 1927: WIELAND, HEINRICH OTTO, Germany, Munich University, * 1877, + 1957: "för hans undersökningar över gallsyrornas och närsläktade ämnens konstitution"; "for his investigations of the constitution of the bile acids and related substances". The prize for 1928: WINDAUS, ADOLF OTTO REINHOLD, Germany, Goettingen University, * 1876, + 1959: "för hans förtjänster om utforskandet av sterinernas konstitution och deras samband med vitamingruppen"; "for the services rendered through his research into the constitution of the sterols and their connection with the vitamins". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1929 The prize was divided equally between: HARDEN, Sir ARTHUR, Great Britain, London University, * 1865, + 1940; and VON EULER-CHELPIN, HANS KARL AUGUST SIMON, Sweden, Stockholm University, * 1873 (in Augsburg, Germany), + 1964: "för deras undersökningar av sockerarters jäsning och därvid verksamma enzym"; "for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1930 FISCHER, HANS, Germany, Technische Hochschule (Institute of Technology), Munich, * 1881, + 1945: "för hans arbeten över blad - och blodfärgämenenas konstitution samt för hans syntes av hämin"; "for his researches into the constitution of haemin and chlorophyll and especially for his synthesis of haemin". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1931 The prize was awarded jointly to: BOSCH, CARL, Germany, Heidelberg University and I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G., Heidelberg, * 1874, + 1940; and BERGIUS, FRIEDRICH, Germany, Heidelberg University and I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. Mannheim-Rheinau, * 1884, +1949: "för deras förtjänster om kemiska högtrycksmetoders uppkomst och utveckling"; "in recognition of their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1932 LANGMUIR, IRVING, U.S.A., General Electric Co., Schenectady, NY, * 1881, + 1957: "för hans upptäckter och undersökningar inom ytkemien"; "for his discoveries and investigations in surface chemistry". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1933 Reserved. THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1934 The prize money for 1933 was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section. The prize for 1934: UREY, HAROLD CLAYTON, U.S.A., Columbia University, New York, NY, * 1893, + 1981: "för upptäckten av det tunga vätet"; "for his discovery of heavy hydrogen". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1935 The prize was awarded jointly to: JOLIOT, FRÉDÉRIC, France, Institut du Radium, Paris, * 1900, + 1958; and his wife JOLIOT-CURIE, IRÈNE, France, Institut du Radium, Paris, * 1897, + 1956: "såsom ett erkännande för deras gemensamt utförda syntes av nya radioaktiva grundämnen"; "in recognition of their synthesis of new radioactive elements". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1936 DEBYE, PETRUS (PETER) JOSEPHUS WILHELMUS, the Netherlands, Berlin University, and Kaiser-Wilhelm- Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Physik, Berlin- Dahlem, Germany, * 1884, + 1966: "för de bidrag, som han genom sina undersökningar över dipolmoment och över röntgen och elektronstråleinterferens i gaser lämnat till kännedom om molekylernas byggnad"; "for his contributions to our knowledge of molecular structure through his investigations on dipole moments and on the diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1937 The prize was divided equally between: HAWORTH, Sir WALTER NORMAN, Great Britain, Birmingham University, * 1883, + 1950: "för hans undersökningar över kolhydrat och vitamin C"; "for his investigations on carbohydrates and vitamin C". KARRER, PAUL, Switzerland, Zurich University, * 1889, + 1971: "för hans undersökningar över karotinoider och flaviner samt vitaminerna A och B2"; "for his investigations on carotenoids, flavins and vitamins A and B2". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1938 Reserved. THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1939 The prize for 1938: KUHN, RICHARD, Germany, Heidelberg University and Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für medizinische Forschung, Heidelberg, * 1900 (in Vienna,Austria), + 1967: "för hans arbeten över karotinoider och vitaminer"; "for his work on carotenoids and vitamins". (Caused by the authorities of his country to decline the award but later received the diploma and the medal.) The prize for 1939 was divided equally between: BUTENANDT, ADOLF FRIEDRICH JOHANN, Germany, Berlin University and Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Biochemie, Berlin-Dahlem, * 1903, U 1995: "för hans arbeten över sexualhormoner"; "for his work on sex hormones". (Caused by the authorities of his country to decline the award but later received the diploma and the medal); and RU ZI CKA LEOPOLD, Switzerland, Eidgenössiche Technische Hochschule, (Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, * 1887 (in Vukovar, then Austria-Hungary), + 1976: "för hans arbeten över polymetylener och högre terpenföreningar"; "for his work on polymethylenes and higher terpenes". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1940 The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section. THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1941 The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section. THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1942 The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section. THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1943 Reserved. THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1944 The prize for 1943: DE HEVESY, GEORGE, Hungary, Stockholm University, Sweden, * 1885, + 1966: "för hans arbeten över isotopers användning som indikatorer vid studiet av kemiska processer"; "for his work on the use of isotopes as tracers in the study of chemical processes". The prize for 1944: Reserved. THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1945 The prize for 1944: HAHN, OTTO, Germany, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut, (now Max-Planck Institut) für Chemie, Berlin-Dahlem, * 1879, + 1968: "för upptäckten av tunga atomkärnors klyvning"; "for his discovery of the fission of heavy nuclei". The prize for 1945: VIRTANEN, ARTTURI ILMARI, Finland, Helsinki University, * 1895, + 1973: "för hans undersökningar och uppfinningar inom agrikultur- och näringskemien, särskilt för hans foderkonserveringsmetod"; "for his research and inventions in agricultural and nutrition chemistry, especially for his fodder preservation method". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1946 The prize was divided, one half being awarded to: SUMNER, JAMES BATCHELLER, U.S.A., Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, * 1887, + 1955: "för hans upptäckt av enzyms kristalliserbarhet"; "for his discovery that enzymes can be crystallized". the other half jointly to: NORTHROP, JOHN HOWARD, U.S.A., Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, Princeton, NJ, * 1891, + 1987; and STANLEY, WENDELL MEREDITH, U.S.A., Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, Princeton, NJ, * 1904, + 1971: "för deras arbeten över renframställning av enzymer och virusproteiner"; "for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1947 ROBINSON, Sir ROBERT, Great Britain, Oxford University, * 1886, + 1975: "för hans undersökningar över biologiskt betydelsefulla ämnen ur växtriket, särskilt alkaloider"; "for his investigations on plant products of biological importance, especially the alkaloids". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1948 TISELIUS, ARNE WILHELM KAURIN, Sweden, Uppsala University, * 1902, + 1971: "för hans elektroforetiska och adsorptionsanalytiska arbeten, särskilt hans upptäckter rörande serumproteiners sammansatta natur"; "for his research on electrophoresis and adsorption analysis, especially for his discoveries concerning the complex nature of the serum proteins". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1949 GIAUQUE, WILLIAM FRANCIS, U.S.A., University of California, Berkeley, CA, * 1895, + 1982: "för hans insatser på den kemiska termodynamikens område, särskilt beträffande ämnenas förhållande vid extremt låga temperaturer"; "for his contributions in the field of chemical thermodynamics, particularly concerning the behaviour of substances at extremely low temperatures". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1950 The prize was awarded jointly to: DIELS, OTTO, PAUL HERMANN, Germany, Kiel University, * 1876, + 1954; and ALDER, KURT, Germany, Cologne University, * 1902, + 1958: "för deras upptäckt och utveckling av diensyntesen"; "for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1951 The prize was awarded jointly to: McMILLAN, EDWIN MATTISON, U.S.A., University of California, Berkeley, CA, * 1907, + 1991; and SEABORG, GLENN THEODORE, U.S.A., University of California, Berkeley, CA, * 1912: "för deras upptäckter inom de transurana grundämnenas kemi"; "for their discoveries in the chemistry of the transuranium elements". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1952 The prize was awarded jointly to: MARTIN, ARCHER JOHN PORTER, Great Britain, National Institute for Medical Research, London, * 1910; and SYNGE, RICHARD LAURENCE MILLINGTON, Great Britain, Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn (Scotland), * 1914, U 1994: "för deras uppfinning av fördelningskromatografien"; "for their invention of partition chromatography". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1953 STAUDINGER, HERMANN, Germany, University of Freiburg im Breisgau and Staatliches Institut für makromolekulare Chemie (State Research Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry), Freiburg in Br., * 1881, + 1965: "för hans upptäckter inom de högmolekulära ämnenas kemi"; "for his discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1954 PAULING, LINUS CARL, U.S.A., California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, * 1901, U 1994: "för hans arbeten över den kemiska bindningens natur med tillämpning på komplicerade ämnens byggnad"; "for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the elucidation of the structure of complex substances". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1955 DU VIGNEAUD, VINCENT, U.S.A., Cornell University, New York, NY, * 1901, + 1978: "för hans arbeten över biokemiskt betydelsefulla svavelföreningar, särskilt för den första syntesen av ett polypeptidhormon"; "for his work on biochemically important sulphur compounds, especially for the first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1956 The prize was awarded jointly to: HINSHELWOOD, Sir CYRIL NORMAN, Great Britain, Oxford University, * 1897, + 1967; and SEMENOV, NIKOLAY NIKOLAEVICH, USSR, Institute for Chemical Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow, * 1896, + 1986: "för deras undersökningar över kemiska reaktioners mekanism"; "for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1957 TODD, Lord ALEXANDER R., Great Britain, Cambridge University, * 1907: "för hans arbeten över nucleotider och nucleotida coenzym"; "for his work on nucleotides and nucleotide co-enzymes". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1958 SANGER, FREDERICK, Great Britain, Cambridge University, * 1918: "för hans arbeten över äggviteämnenas, särskilt insulinets byggnad"; "for his work on the structure of proteins, especially that of insulin". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1959 HEYROVSKY, JAROSLAV, Czechoslovakia, Polarographic Institute of the Czechoslovak Academy of Science, Prague, * 1890, + 1967: "för hans uppfinning och utveckling av den polarografiska analysmetoden"; "for his discovery and development of the polarographic methods of analysis". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1960 LIBBY, WILLARD FRANK, U.S.A., University of California, Los Angeles, CA, * 1908, + 1980: "för hans metod att använda kol-14 som tidmätare inom arkeologi, geologi, geofysik m.fl. vetenskaper"; "for his method to use carbo 14 for age determination in archaeology, geology, geophysics, and other branches of science". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1961 CALVIN, MELVIN, U.S.A., University of California, Berkeley, CA, * 1911: "för hans undersökningar av växternas kolsyreassimilation"; "for his research on the carbon dioxide assimilation in plants". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1962 The prize was divided equally between: PERUTZ, MAX FERDINAND, Great Britain, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, * 1914 ( in Vienna, Austria); and KENDREW, Sir JOHN COWDERY, Great Britain, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, * 1917: "för deras undersökningar rörande globulära proteiners byggnad"; "for their studies of the structures of globular proteins". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1963 The prize was divided equally between: ZIEGLER, KARL, Germany, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung (Max-Planck-Institute for Carbon Research) Mülheim/Ruhr, * 1898, + 1973; and NATTA, GIULIO, Italy, Institute of Technology, Milan, * 1903, + 1979: "för deras upptäckter inom högpolymerernas kemi och teknologi"; "for their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1964 HODGKIN, DOROTHY CROWFOOT, Great Britain, Royal Society, Oxford University, Oxford, * 1910, U 1994: "för hennes med röntgenmetoder utförda bestämningar av biokemiskt viktiga ämnens byggnad"; "for her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of important biochemical substances". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1965 WOODWARD, ROBERT BURNS, U.S.A., Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, * 1917, + 1979: "för hans förtjänster om den organiska synteskonstens utveckling"; "for his outstanding achievements in the art of organic synthesis". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1966 MULLIKEN, ROBERT S., U.S.A., University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, * 1896, + 1986: "för hans grundläggande arbeten över kemisk bindning och molekylers elektronstruktur medelst molekylorbitalmetoden"; "for his fundamental work concerning chemical bonds and the electronic structure of molecules by the molecular orbital method". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1967 The prize was divided, one half being awarded to: EIGEN, MANFRED, Federal Republic of Germany, Max-Planck-Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Goettingen, * 1927; and the other half jointly to: NORRISH, RONALD GEORGE WREYFORD, Great Britain, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Cambridge, * 1897, + 1978; and PORTER, Lord (GEORGE), Great Britain, The Royal Institution, London, * 1920: "för deras undersökningar av ytterst snabba kemiska reaktioner genom jämviktsstörning med kortvariga energipulser"; "for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions, effected by disturbing the equlibrium by means of very short pulses of energy". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1968 ONSAGER, LARS, U.S.A., Yale University, New Haven, CT, * 1903 (in Olso, Norway), + 1976: "för upptäckten av de efter honom uppkallade reciprocitetsrelationerna, som är grundläggande för den irreversibla termodynamiken"; "for the discovery of the reciprocal relations bearing his name, which are fundamental for the thermodynamics of irreversible processes". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1969 The prize was divided equally between: BARTON, Sir DEREK H. R., Great Britain, Imperial College of Science and Technology, London, * 1918, and HASSEL, ODD, Norway, Kjemisk Institutt, Oslo University, Oslo, * 1897, + 1981: "för deras insatser för konformationsbegreppets utveckling och tillämpning inom kemien"; "for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1970 LELOIR, LUIS F., Argentina, Institute for Biochemical Research, Buenos Aires, * 1906, + 1987: "för hans upptäckt av sockernukleotider och deras funktion vid biosyntesen av kolhydrater"; "for his discovery of sugar nucleotides and their role in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1971 HERZBERG, GERHARD, Canada, National Research Council of Canada, Ottava, * 1904 ( in Hamburg, Germany): "för hans bidrag till kännedomen om elektronstruktur och geometri hos molekyler, särskilt fria radikaler"; "for his contributions to the knowledge of electronic stucture and geometry of molecules, particularly free radicals". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1972 The prize was divided, one half being awarded to: ANFINSEN, CHRISTIAN B., U.S.A., National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, * 1916: "för hans arbeten över ribonukleas, särskilt rörande sambandet mellan aminosyrasekvensen och den biologiskt aktiva konformationen"; "for his work on ribonuclease, especially concerning the connection between the amino acid sequence and the biologically active confirmation"; and the other half jointly to: MOORE, STANFORD, U.S.A., Rockefeller University, New York, NY, * 1913, + 1982; and STEIN, WILLIAM H., U.S.A., Rockefeller University, New York, NY, * 1911, + 1980: "för deras bidrag till förståelsen av sambandet mellan kemisk struktur och katalytisk aktivitet hos ribonukleasmolekylens aktiva centrum"; "for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1973 The prize was divided equally between: FISCHER, ERNST OTTO, Federal Republic of Germany, Technical University of Munich, Munich, * 1918; and WILKINSON, Sir GEOFFREY, Great Britain, Imperial College, London, * 1921: "för deras var för sig utförda pionjärarbeten över de metallorganiska så kallade sandwichföreningarnas kemi"; "for their pioneering work, performed independently, on the chemistry of the organometallic, so called sandwich compounds". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1974 FLORY, PAUL J., U.S.A., Stanford University, Stanford, CA, * 1910, + 1985: "för hans fundamentala insatser, såväl teoretiska som experimentella, inom makromolekylernas fysikaliska kemi"; "for his fundamental achievements, both theoretical and experimental, in the physical chemistry of the macromolecules". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1975 The prize was divided equally between: CORNFORTH, Sir JOHN WARCUP, Australia and Great Britain, University of Sussex, Brighton, * 1917: "för hans arbeten rörande enzymkatalyserade reaktioners stereokemi"; "for his work on the stereochemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions"; and PRELOG, VLADIMIR, Switzerland, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, Zurich, * 1906 (in Sarajevo, Bosnia): "för hans arbeten rörande organiska molekylers och reaktioners stereokemi"; "for his research into the stereochemistry of organic molecules and reactions". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1976 LIPSCOMB, WILLIAM N., U.S.A., Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, * 1919: "för hans arbeten över boranernas struktur och därmed sammanhängande problem rörande den kemiska bindningens natur"; "for his studies on the structure of boranes illuminating problems of chemical bonding". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1977 PRIGOGINE, ILYA, Belgium, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussells (University of Texas, U.S.A.), * 1917 (in Moscow, Russia): "för hans bidrag till den irreversibla termodynamiken, särskilt teorien för dissipativa strukturer"; "for his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics, particularly the theory of dissipative structures". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1978 MITCHELL, PETER D., Great Britain, Glynn Research Laboratories, Bodmin, * 1920, + 1992: "för hans bidrag till förståelsen av biologisk energiöverföring genom utvecklingen av den kemiosmotiska teorin"; "for his contribution to the understanding of biological energy transfer through the formulation of the chemiosmotic theory". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1979 The prize was divided equally between: BROWN, HERBERT C., U.S.A., Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, * 1912 (in London, Great Britain);and WITTIG, GEORG, Federal Republic of Germany, University of Heidelberg, * 1897, + 1987: "för deras utveckling av borföreningar respektive fosforföreningar till viktiga reagens inom organsk syntes"; "for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds, respectively, into important reagents in organic synthesis". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1980 The prize was divided, one half being awarded to: BERG, PAUL, U.S.A., Stanford University, Stanford, CA, * 1926: "för hans grundläggande arbeten över nukleinsyrors biokemi, särskilt avseende hybrid-DNA"; "for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids, with particular regard to recombinant-DNA"; and the other half jointly to: GILBERT, WALTER, U.S.A., Biological Laboratories, Cambridge, MA, * 1932; and SANGER, FREDERICK, U.S.A., Great Britain, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, * 1918: "för deras insatser rörande bassekvensbestämning i nukleinsyror"; "for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1981 The prize was awarded jointly to: FUKUI, KENICHI, Japan, Kyoto University, Kyoto, * 1918; and HOFFMANN, ROALD, U.S.A., Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, * 1937 (in Zloczow, Poland): "för deras var för sig utvecklade teorier för kemiska reaktioners förlopp"; "for their theories, developed independently, concerning the course of chemical reactions". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1982 KLUG, Sir AARON, Great Britain, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, * 1926 (in Lithuania): "för hans utveckling av kristallografisk elektronmikroskopi och hans klarläggande av strukturen hos biologiskt viktiga nukleinsyra-proteinkomplex"; "for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of biologically important nuclei acid-protein complexes". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1983 TAUBE, HENRY, U.S.A., Stanford University, Stanford, CA, * 1915 (in Saskatoon, Canada): "för hans arbeten över mekanismerna för elektronöverföringsreaktioner, särskilt hos metallkomplex"; "for his work on the mechanisms of electron transfer reactions, especially in metal complexes". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1984 MERRIFIELD, ROBERT BRUCE, U.S.A., Rockefeller University, New York, NY, * 1921: "för hans utveckling av metodik för kemisk syntes på fast matris"; "for his development of methodology for chemical synthesis on a solid matrix". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1985 The prize was awarded jointly to: HAUPTMAN, HERBERT A., U.S.A., The Medical Foundation of Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, * 1917; and KARLE, JEROME, U.S.A., US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, * 1918: "för deras avgörande insatser vid utveckling av direkta metoder för kristallstrukturbestämning"; "for their outstanding achievements in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1986 The prize was awarded jointly to: HERSCHBACH, DUDLEY R., U.S.A., Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, * 1932; LEE, YUAN T., U.S.A., University of California, Berkeley, CA, * 1936 (in Hsinchu, Taiwan); and POLANYI, JOHN C., Canada, University of Toronto, Toronto, * 1929: "för deras insatser rörande dynamiken hos kemiska elementarprocesser"; "for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1987 The prize was awarded jointly to: CRAM, DONALD J., U.S.A., University of California, Los Angeles, CA, * 1919; LEHN, JEAN-MARIE, France, Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, and Collège de France, Paris, * 1939; and PEDERSEN, CHARLES J., U.S.A., Du Pont, Wilmington, DE, * 1904 (in Fusan, Korea, as a Norwegian citizen), + 1989: "för deras utveckling och användning av molekyler med strukturspecifik växelverkan av hög selektivitet"; "for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1988 The prize was awarded jointly to: DEISENHOFER, JOHANN, Federal Republic of Germany, Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX, U.S.A., * 1943; HUBER, ROBERT, Federal Republic of Germany, Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie, Martinsried, * 1937; and MICHEL, HARTMUT, Federal Republic of Germany, Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysik, Frankfurt/Main, * 1948: "för bestämning av den tre dimensionella strukturen hos ett fotosyntetiskt reaktionscentrum"; "for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1989 The prize was awarded jointly to: ALTMAN, SIDNEY, U.S.A. and Canada, Yale University, New Haven, CT, * 1939; and CECH, THOMAS R., U.S.A., University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, * 1947: "för deras upptäckt av katalytiska egenskaper hos RNA"; "for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1990 COREY, ELIAS JAMES, U.S.A., Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, * 1928: "för hans utveckling av den organiska syntesens teori och metodik"; "for his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1991 ERNST, RICHARD R., Switzerland, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, * 1933: "för hans insatser för metodutvecklingen inom högupplösande kärnmagnetisk resonansspektroskopi (NRM-spektroskopi)"; "for his contributions to the development of the methodology of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1992 MARCUS, RUDOLPH A., U.S.A., California Institute of Technology, Pasdena, CA, * 1923 (in Montreal, Canada): "för hans bidrag till teorin för elektronöverföringsreaktioner i kemiska system"; "for his contributions to the theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1993 The prize was awarded "för insatser för metodutvecklingen inom DNA-baserad kemi"; "for contributions to the developments of methods within DNA-based chemistry", by one half to: MULLIS, KARY B., U.S.A., La Jolla, CA, * 1944: "för hans uppfinning av PCR-metoden (Polymerase Chain Reaction)"; "for his invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method", and by the other half to: SMITH, MICHAEL, Canada, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada, * 1932 (in Blackpool, England): "för hans grundläggande insatser vid tillkomsten av den oligonukleotidbaserade riktade mutagenesen och dess utveckling för proteinsstudier"; "for his fundamental contributions to the establishment of oligonucleiotide-based, site-directed mutagenesis and its development for protein studies". THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1994 OLAH, GEORGE A., U.S.A., University of Southern California, CA, * 1927 (in Budapest, Hungary): "för hans insatser inom karbokatjonkemin"; " for his contribution to carbocation chemistry".

74. Química
Translate this page 1945 - artturi ilmari virtanen 1944 - Otto Hahn 1943 - George de Hevesy 1942 - Umterço do prêmio foi alocado para o fundo principal da Fundação nobel e
http://www.klickeducacao.com.br/Conteudo/Referencia/CDA/Item_View/1,1655,2378---

75. Untitled
Typpi sitoutuu kasveihin, mitä on tutkinut suomalainen biokemisti ja nobelpalkittuA . I. virtanen. Biokemisti artturi ilmari virtanen (1895 -1973).
http://www.cedunet.com/koulut/luviaya/projektit/tietoyht/elements/typpi.html
TYPPI N
Historiaa
Ominaisuuksia
  • Typpi on kemiallisesti varsin passiivinen alkuaine.

Biokemisti Artturi Ilmari Virtanen
Virtanen sai Nobelin palkinnon.
Typen kiertokulku luonnossa.

76. January 15 - Today In Science History
artturi ilmari virtanen. of proteinrich green fodder, vitally important to regionscharacterized by long, severe winters, brought him the nobel Prize for
http://www.todayinsci.com/1/1_15.htm
JANUARY 15 - BIRTHS Edward Teller
(source)
Born 15 Jan 1908
Hungarian-born American nuclear physicist who participated in the production of the first atomic bomb (1945) and who led the development of the world's first thermonuclear weapon, the hydrogen bomb. After studying in Germany he left in 1933, going first to London and then to Washington, DC. He worked on the first atomic reactor, and later working on the first fission bombs during WW II at Los Alamos. Subsequently, he made a significant contribution to the development of the fusion bomb. His work led to the detonation of the first hydrogen bomb (1952). He is sometimes known as "the father of the H-bomb." Teller's unfavourable evidence in the Robert Oppenheimer security-clearance hearing lost him some respect amongst scientists. R.B. Braithwaite Born 15 Jan 1900; died 21 Apr 1990.
Richard Bevan Braithwaite was a British philosopher best known for his theories in the philosophy of science and in moral and religious philosophy. Artturi Ilmari Virtanen
(source)
895; died 11 Nov 1973.

77. Virtanen, Artturi Ilmari
virtanen, artturi ilmari (18951973). In 1945 virtanen was awarded the NobelPrize for chemistry for his method of fodder preservation.
http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Biographies/MainBiographies/V/Virtanen/1.htm
Virtanen, Artturi Ilmari
Virtanen was educated at the university in his native city of Helsinki, where he obtained his PhD in 1919, and at the universities of Zurich and Stockholm. He worked from 1921 to 1931 as director of the Finnish Cooperative Dairies Association Laboratory and from 1924 at the University of Helsinki where, in 1931, he became director of the Biochemical Institute.
In 1945 Virtanen was awarded the Nobel Prize for chemistry for his method of fodder preservation. This AIV method, as it became known, named for his initials, was designed to stop the loss of nitrogenous material in storage. By storing green fodder in an acid medium he hoped to prevent spoilage and still retain nutritious fodder. After much experimentation he finally found that a mixture of hydrochloric and sulfuric acid was adequate as long as its strength was kept within certain precise limits. Specifically, this demanded a pH of about four. In 1929 Virtanen found that cows fed on silage produced by his method gave milk indistinguishable in taste from that of cows fed on normal fodder. Further, it was just as rich in both vitamin A and C.

78. Artturi Ilmari Virtanen: Awards Won By Artturi Ilmari Virtanen
Awards of artturi ilmari virtanen.
http://www.123awards.com/artist/4208.asp
hardwork is paid in form of awards Awards of Artturi Ilmari Virtanen OTHER-NOBEL CHEMISTRY Enter Artist/Album
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79. Nobel Prizes In Chemistry
nobel Prizes in Chemistry. This Year's nobel Prize in Chemistry The prize for 1945VIRTANEN, artturi ilmari, Finland, Helsinki University, * 1895, + 1973
http://www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/cas/chem/acs-inorganic/Nobel.html
Nobel Prizes in Chemistry
This Year's Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Chemistry 1901
VAN'T HOFF, JACOBUS HENRICUS, the Netherlands, Berlin University, Germany, * 1852, + 1911: "in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the laws of chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure in solutions".
Chemistry 1902
FISCHER, HERMANN EMIL, Germany, Berlin University, * 1852, + 1919 "in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his work on sugar and purine syntheses".
Chemistry 1903
ARRHENIUS, SVANTE AUGUST, Sweden, Stockholm University, * 1859, + 1927 "in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered to the advancement of chemistry by his electrolytic theory of dissociation".
Chemistry 1904
RAMSAY, Sir WILLIAM, Great Britain, London University, * 1852, + 1916: "in recognition of his services in the discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air, and his determination of their place in the periodic system".
Chemistry 1905
VON BAEYER, JOHANN FRIEDRICH WILHELM ADOLF, Germany, Munich University, * 1835, + 1917:

80. Nobel Prizes In Chemistry
nobel Prizes in Chemistry. This Year's nobel Prize in Chemistry. The prize for 1945VIRTANEN, artturi ilmari, Finland, Helsinki University, * 1895, + 1973
http://chemserv.bc.edu/sites/Nobel.html
Nobel Prizes in Chemistry
This Year's Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Chemistry 1901
VAN'T HOFF, JACOBUS HENRICUS, the Netherlands, Berlin University, Germany, * 1852, + 1911: "in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the laws of chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure in solutions".
Chemistry 1902
FISCHER, HERMANN EMIL, Germany, Berlin University, * 1852, + 1919 "in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his work on sugar and purine syntheses".
Chemistry 1903
ARRHENIUS, SVANTE AUGUST, Sweden, Stockholm University, * 1859, + 1927 "in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered to the advancement of chemistry by his electrolytic theory of dissociation".
Chemistry 1904
RAMSAY, Sir WILLIAM, Great Britain, London University, * 1852, + 1916: "in recognition of his services in the discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air, and his determination of their place in the periodic system".
Chemistry 1905
VON BAEYER, JOHANN FRIEDRICH WILHELM ADOLF, Germany, Munich University, * 1835, + 1917: "in recognition of his services in the advancement of organic chemistry and the chemical industry, through his work on organic dyes and hydroaromatic compounds".

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