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         Communicating Math:     more detail
  1. Communicating With a Computer (School Mathematics Project Handbooks) by A. B. Bolt, 1970-05-28
  2. Communicating Design (Collins Real-world Technology) by M. Finney, Val Charles, 1995-03-22
  3. Show and Tell: Representing and Communicating Mathematical Ideas in K-2 Classrooms by Linda Schulman Dacey, Rebeka Eston, 2002-08-15
  4. Communicating Design by Tom Baird, 1990-01-09
  5. Communicating Information: GCSE Unit Guide (Science, the Salters' Approach) by Science Education Group University of York, 1997-05-15
  6. One, Two, Three....: Making Choices, Communicating, Predicting: Using and Applying Mathematics by Shropshire Mathematics Centre, 1989-12
  7. Magical Maths: A Set of Fun and Novel 'mathemagical' Activities and 'arithmetricks' to Stimulate Problem Solving, Communicating and Reasoning Skills (Through ... Data): Pupil's Activity Book Bk. 1 (Dr Mark) by Mark Biddiss, 2005-09
  8. Engineering Design: A Materials and Processing Approach by George Dieter, 1999-08-11
  9. Show and Tell: Representing and Communicating Mathematical Ideas in K-2 Classroo by Linda Schulman Dacey~Rebeka Eston, 2002-01-01
  10. Dr.Mark's Magical Maths: No. 2: A Set of Fun and Novel Mathemagical Activities and Arithmetricks to Stimulate Problem Solving, Communicating and Reasoning ... and Measures; and Handling Data) (Dr Mark) by Mark Biddiss, 2007-02

41. TLCF -- Year 4 - CT Home Page
CT1239 Weather Station On-line Computerized CT319 - communicating mathwith Spreadsheets, CT745 - Information Literacy in the . Sevier.
http://www.usoe.k12.ut.us/curr/eti/tlcf/Year4/cthome.htm
USOE Homepage Curriculum Home Page ETI Home Page
© by the Utah State Office of Education.
Utah's Fourth Round Competition
Classroom Technology Grants
listed by district
Alpine Beaver - Hey you students, Get outta my classroom! - Multi-Media Fun! - The Interactive Science Classroom Box Elder - The Living Historical Interview Project Carbon Cache - Discovering Utah's Uniqueness - Making Technology Accessible - Cooperative Science Research Lab - Digital Imaging - Teaming for Student Keyboarding Daggett Davis - Daggett County Living History Project - Mobile Research and Experimentation Duchesne Emery - Student Teams Teaching Science - Learning About Our World - Social Studies in Action - Writing Across the Curriculum - Project Based Geography - Tutoring the Magic of Technology - Microscopic Exploration with Mac Garfield - Using Internet Research - Biotechnology in the classroom - Super Science Imagery and Discovery - Science Investigations - Modeling Math and Science Grand Granite - Trigonometry Integration - No more SIT-GET-SPIT-FORGET - Viruses and Bacteria on the Big Screen - Collaborative Science Teching Unit - History Who?

42. Union College Math Department (Publications): Publications (Davide P. Cervone)
Exhibit (with TF Banchoff), in Multimedia Tools for communicating mathematics, Springer MathAwareness Month 2000 An Interactive Experience (with TF Banchoff
http://www.math.union.edu/people/faculty/publications/cervoned.html
Math Department (Publications)
Publications (Davide P. Cervone)
  • Illustrating Beyond the Third Dimension (with T.F. Banchoff Leonardo , special issue: Visual Mathematics
  • Vertex-minimal simplicial immersions of the Klein bottle in three-space, Geometriae Dedicata
  • Tight immersions of simplicial surfaces in three-space, Topology
  • "Tightness for smooth and polyhedral immersions of the real projective plane with one handle", in Tight and Taut Submanifolds PDF
  • An interactive gallery on the internet: "Surfaces beyond the third dimension" (with T.F. Banchoff International Journal of Shape Modeling PDF
    see also the URL http://www.math.brown.edu/~banchoff/art/PAC-9603/
  • A tight polyhedral immersion of the real projective plane with one handle, Pacific Journal of Mathematics PDF
    see also the URL http://www.geom.umn.edu/locate/rp2-handle
  • A tight polyhedral immersion of the twisted surface of Euler characteristic Topology PDF
  • The StageTools Package for Creating Geometry for the Web, in Multimedia Tools for Communicating Mathematics PDF
  • A Virtual Reconstruction of a Virtual Exhibit (with T. F. Banchoff
  • 43. Adept Scientific ApS - The Technical Computing People
    Mathcad is an integrated environment for performing and communicating mathrelatedwork. Here are key features, including many improvements new to Mathcad 11.
    http://www.adeptscience.dk/produkter/mathcad/calculate.html
    Adept Store Bliv medlem af Adept Community International Sites Velkommen Om Adept Produkter Demoer ... Jobs
    Mathcad 11
    Calculate and model your ideas Mathcad is an integrated environment for performing and communicating math-related work. Here are key features, including many improvements new to Mathcad 11. To compare Mathcad 11 with earlier versions, see the feature comparison table Calculate and model your ideas Mathcad provides hundreds of operators and built-in functions for solving technical problems. Use Mathcad to perform numeric calculations or to find symbolic solutions. It automatically tracks and converts units and operates on scalars, vectors, and matrices. Important new math functionality:
    • New partial differential equation solve blocks for parabolic (heat) and hyperbolic (wave) equations in one dimension New complex arguments and fractional order for Bessel functions, and new Hankel functions Improved fitting routines for general and exponential fitting Improved trace error functionality for tracking the sources of errors in complicated worksheets New support for complex arguments to floor, ceil, round, and trunc

    44. Math Web Resources And Standardized Test Preparation
    Problemsolving and communicating math are key elements to all problems. An informationpage and PoW discussion area are provided for teacher support.
    http://www.ct4me.net/math_resources.htm
    Are you confused by terms that educators use? The Lexicon of Learning might be just what you need.
    Math Web Resources and Standardized Test Preparation See special sections on technology integration in your classroom setting, manipulatives on the Web, and projects and initiatives Standardized Test Prep and Tips for Success Ohio Department of Education See proficiency test information and get sample tests at http://www.ode.state.oh.us/proficiency/ See Mathematics Learning Outcomes for the Ohio Ninth Grade Proficiency Test on this site. Hot! Quick tips for standardized test preparation: Read Duke and Ritchhart's article No Pain, High Gain at Scholastic. They discuss strategies for reading comprehension, mathematics, reducing test-taking stress, and teaching format fundamentals. In mathematics, for example:
    • Make word problems a priority; Stress number sense; Focus on estimation; and Emphasize mental math.
    Find out about standardized tests are in your state:
    • Click on your state at Brainchild Online Assessment and access grade level and subject area diagnostics tied to state tests. Find strengths and weaknesses. Then, go into an interactive learning mode directed towards the weaker areas. Print out scored assessments with feedback for correct and incorrect answers. See some sample questions, and get more tips for success at the

    45. Math
    Data. Unit 2, Equations, communicating mathematical Situations. Ten.Week 5, Math Magazines Writing Addition and Subtraction Stories.
    http://www.klumb.org/math.htm
    Math Mrs. Klumb - County Line School
    Math - Updated on Welcome to MathLand
    Our classroom is using MathLand this year. This is a comprehensive mathematics program that balances the classic basics (such as fact memorization and efficiency with computation) with the new basics (such as the ability to use tools like a calculator or computer). I will be teaching both aspects of basic skills. We will also go beyond the basics to include the development of conceptual understanding with a greater emphasis on problem solving and critical thinking.
    Math timed tests are going great! Continue working on your flash cards. We are working on unit six. Along with this unit we are working on additional measuring activities. Try my flash cards (click here) Unit Description Unit 1 Collecting, Communicating, and Interpreting Data Week 1 Lunches and Dinners: Collecting and Reporting Data About the Class Week 2 Surveys: Exploring Ways to Report Data Unit 2 Equations, Communicating Mathematical Situations

    46. MOL Help Writing Math Symbols
    This guide is intended to help with math expressions and syntax for communicating via email. There are several ways to show multiplication.
    http://www.dc.peachnet.edu/~issmol/GPC/SymbolsEmail/MOLHelpWritingMathSymbols.ht
    This guide is intended to help with math expressions and syntax for communicating via email. Operation Examples Multiplication
    There are several ways to show multiplication. To make sure it is clear use the * symbol (shift 8) to show numbers or variables that are multiplied together.
    Fractions Use the / symbol but make sure the complete numerator and denominator are each in closed parentheses.
    Exponents Use the ^ symbol (shift 6) to show the power a something is raised to, if an entire expression is raised to a power make sure to use parentheses.
    the 3rd power Square Root
    Other Radicals Use nroot to represent any root greater than 2, where the n is the root. Again, make sure everything that goes under the root symbol is closed in parentheses. Another way to write different roots is to change them to a fractional exponent.
    Absolute Value
    Misc. Quadratic Equation Integral Less than or Greater than
    Area of a circle
    MOL Home
    Contact Us Submit Question MOL Guidlines ...
    MOL Home

    47. Math In Daily Life -- Population Growth
    The mathematical Art of MC Escher Explore the art of MC Escher, who used math ideasto create beautiful—and Getting the Picture communicating Data Visually.
    http://www.learner.org/exhibits/dailymath/getpicture.html

    U.S. Census Bureau

    A large collection of government statistics and articles on census controversies, population growth, and demographics. Don't miss the up-to-the-minute U.S. and world population clocks. The Mathematical Art of M.C. Escher
    The Man Who Makes Sense of Numbers

    A Fortune article describing the work of Yale professor Edward Tufte, whose mission is to improve the way we visually present data and information. Getting the Picture: Communicating Data Visually According to U.S. census estimates, the population of Texas grew from 17,045,000 people in 1990 to 18,378,000 in 1994. The population of Massachusetts grew from 6,018,000 people in 1990 to 6,041,000 people in 1994. If the population figures above were difficult for you to read and absorb, you're not alone. Reading about data can be awkward. When it's presented like this, it's hard to grasp the essential information and to see the important messages that may be behind the numbers. If this information were presented as a chart or, better yet, as a picture, it would be much easier to understand. Charts and tables Let's try presenting the population figures above as a table.

    48. More Resources For Communicating With Families About Math
    Data FAQS Relevant Articles Resources More Resources for Communicatingwith Families about math. Note Many of the listings
    http://www.terc.edu/investigations/resources/html/MoreResources.html

    Investigations Home Page
    What's New Curriculum Information Implementation ... Resources
    More Resources for Communicating with Families about Math
    Note: Many of the listings in General/Math Education and Relevant Articles will also provide good background information for conversations with parents, families and the community. Many of the books and articles in these sections address commonly asked questions and comments. For example, "Why is math changing? This is so different from the way I learned math." The old way was good enough for me, why isn't it good enough for my child? "And", how do we know this way of teaching math works?
    • Beyond the Classroom: Linking Mathematics Learning with Parents, Communities, and Business and Industry. Teaching Children Mathematics. 4 (February, 1998). Reston, VA: National Council of Teachers of Mathematics.
    • Briars, Diane. "A Tactic for Educating Parents." The School Administrator. January, 1999. Page 34.
    • Burns, Marilyn. Mathematics: What Are You Teaching My Child? A Videotape for Parents. Scholastic Inc., 1994. (Available through Math Solutions Publications.)
    • Epstein, Joyce and others at the Center on Families, Communities, Schools, and Children's Learning have published many relevant articles and studies. See the publications list at

    49. Investigations-Related Resources For Communicating With Families
    InvestigationsRelated Resources for communicating with Families. information—aboutmathematics, about what students are learning and doing in math, and about
    http://www.terc.edu/investigations/resources/html/CommunicatingWithFamilies.html

    Investigations Home Page
    What's New Curriculum Information Implementation ... Resources
    Investigations -Related Resources for Communicating with Families
    The Investigations in Number, Data, and Space curriculum was designed with the needs of teachers, students, and their families in mind. The resources described below were included in order to help teachers communicate important information—about mathematics, about what students are learning and doing in math, and about how they can help their children become powerful mathematical thinkers—to parents and families.
    Family Letters
    Every unit in the Investigations curriculum includes a Family Letter that briefly describes and discusses the mathematical ideas children are working on in class, and suggests some ways to explore mathematics at home. (These letters are available in English Spanish Hmong Vietnamese ... Cambodian , and Cantonese
    Investigations At-Home Booklets
    An Investigations At Home Booklet is available for every unit in the Investigations curriculum, grades 1 through 5. (There is one booklet for the entire kindergarten year.) These booklets give families a more detailed sense of what's happening in math class and what they can do at home to help.

    50. United Federation Of Teachers - Focus On Math
    HOME Parents Focus on math communicating with Your Child aboutmath, Search communicating with Your Child about math. If
    http://www.uft.org/?fid=257&tf=1407

    51. Detail
    Material Type, EQUIPMENT. POWER OF CHOICE communicating WITH PARENTS PROG.11(V0942). ADVANCED CALCULATOR math (GRADES 7 TO 10) (0278). Material Type, BOOKS.
    http://drc.sd62.bc.ca/DT000003.HTM
    RELATIONSHIPS/FRIENDS AND ENEMIES (BP0022)
    Material Type BOOKPAKS Grade Level ELEMENTARY 4-7 Curriculum ELEM.LANGUAGE ARTS
    LEARN.FOR LIV.-FAMILY LIFE Physical Description Contains 6 books. Subject(s) FRIENDSHIP - FICTION
    WAR; CHOICES AND CONSEQUENCES KIT (V2404)
    Material Type VIDEO TAPE Grade Level SS Curriculum SEC.SOCIAL STUDIES Physical Description 25 MIN. Summary The purpose of this program is neither to condemn nor glorify war, but rather to help develop a realistic perspective concerning the conditions of war and how they affect people. The basic concepts presented in the two programs are the conflict of an individual's humanistic values in an environment of violence and the conflict between an individual's sense of morality and one's social role and duty. Due to the sophistication of these programs, it is suggested that they be previewed by the teacher before being shown to students. Subject(s) CIVILIZATION
    ETHICS

    WAR
    OXY-ACETYLENE CUTTING (V2040)
    Material Type VIDEO TAPE Grade Level SECONDARY Curriculum SEC.INDUSTRIAL EDUCATION Publisher SAFE Publication Date Physical Description 20 MIN. Skills Education Series.

    52. What Is Changing In Math Ed?
    Instead, their products are better characterized as communicating about math, written and spoken words and pictures that have something to do with math
    http://www.mathematicallycorrect.com/what.htm
    What is Changing in Math Education?
    Mathematically Correct
    PO Box 22083, San Diego, CA 92192-2083
    The impending changes in mathematics education are not based on any change in the mathematics that has been developed over thousands of years. Rather, they are based on a cluster of notions from teaching philosophy and a desire to implement them all at once. The driving force behind these changes is dissatisfaction with the continued declines in the achievement of American students, coupled with the idea that a set of goals should be developed that all students can attain. The position taken is that poor math achievement is the result of the traditional curriculum and the way it has been implemented by teachers. The fact that math education in countries with high levels of achievement does not look like these new programs, but rather like intensified versions of our own traditional programs, is never addressed. One of the philosophical components is the idea of Constructivism or discovery learning. This notion holds that students will learn math better if they are left to discover the rules and methods of mathematics for themselves, rather than being taught by teachers or textbooks. This is not unlike the Socratic method, minus Socrates. One of the problems with this approach is that teachers must be extremely skilled in these methods. Another is that "discovery" takes so long that considerably less material can be covered. A third problem is that the children sometimes "discover" the wrong "rules" and teachers don't always catch the error.

    53. ENC: ENC Focus Magazine: Using Children's Literature In Math And Science: Select
    Children's Literature Books for Science. communicating. ENC ENC009214Series Nature's secrets. Publisher Thomson Learning Date 1995.
    http://www.enc.org/focus/lit/resources_v4n5/science_books/1,4730,1780,00.shtm
    Skip Navigation You Are Here ENC Home ENC Focus Magazine Using Children's Literature in Math and Science Selected Resources ... Ask ENC Explore online lesson plans, student activities, and teacher learning tools. Find detailed information about thousands of materials for K-12 math and science. Read articles about inquiry, equity, and other key topics for educators and parents. Create your learning plan, read the standards, and find tips for getting grants.
    Children's Literature Books for Science
    Communicating
    ENC#: ENC-009214
    Series:
    Publisher:
    Thomson Learning
    Date:
    For more details see the Brief ENC Record or Full ENC Record
    This book, part of the NATURE'S SECRETS series designed for grades 2 to 5, uses photographs and simple text to discuss various ways in which animals communicate. Methods covered include sound signals, visual displays, body language, and scent. Some of the photographs in this book include pictures of mating dances, threat displays by gorillas, and close ups of insects. Each book in this series contains a glossary of terms, a list of related readings, and two projects that allow for further study of the topic. (SSD) Ordering Information Steck-Vaughn Company
    PO Box 690789
    Orlando FL 32819
    Fax: (800) 699-9459
    http://www.steck-vaughn.com/

    54. Year-Round One-Days - Math Solutions
    on instruction for a specific topic and grade level, help teachers see how to connectmath and language arts, support teachers in communicating with parents
    http://www.mathsolutions.com/mb/content/courses/c_1_day.html

    Topics
    What is Math Solutions Inservice? Bringing Math Solutions to
    Your Area
    Math Solutions Partnerships ...
    your free online newsletter
    Year-Round One-Day Sessions Build Teacher Interest and Provide Follow-Up Support
    Math Solutions one-day sessions offer teachers professional staff development days that help them improve their classroom teaching of mathematics. One-day sessions can provide introductory experiences for teachers who are just beginning to think about improving classroom math instruction, offer follow-up experiences for those who attended a summer course, focus on instruction for a specific topic and grade level, help teachers see how to connect math and language arts, support teachers in communicating with parents, and more.
    The topics listed for sessions reflect those most often requested by schools and districts. However, all sessions are planned to meet your specific school and district requirements.
    • Minimum of 40 participants per session Available during the school year and summer Grade levels may be adjusted Participants receive a coursebook from Math Solutions Publications
    Introductory Sessions
    These sessions offer several approaches to help teachers learn about teaching mathematics through problem solving. They are useful for providing initial experiences to build teacher understanding and interest and are valuable for providing follow-up support.

    55. MATHEMATICS
    reasoning, visualizing and problem solving with the goal of communicating the relationships Knowledgeof mathematics and the ability to apply math skills to
    http://www.isbe.state.il.us/ils/math/math.html
    MATHEMATICS The Illinois Learning Standards for Mathematics were developed by Illinois teachers for Illinois schools. These goals, standards and benchmarks are an outgrowth of the 1985 Illinois State Goals for Learning influenced by the latest thinking in school mathematics. This includes the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics; Curriculum and Evaluation Standards for School Mathematics ; ideas underlying recent local and national curriculum projects; results of state, national, and international assessment findings; and the work and experiences of Illinois school districts and teachers. Mathematics is a language we use to identify, describe and investigate the patterns and challenges of everyday living. It helps us to understand the events that have occurred and to predict and prepare for events to come so that we can more fully understand our world and more successfully live in it. Mathematics encompasses arithmetic, measurement, algebra, geometry, trigonometry, statistics, probability and other fields. It deals with numbers, quantities, shapes and data, as well as numerical relationships and operations. Confronting, understanding and solving problems is at the heart of mathematics. Mathematics is much more than a collection of concepts and skills; it is a way of approaching new challenges through investigating, reasoning, visualizing and problem solving with the goal of communicating the relationships observed and problems solved to others.

    56. NY Math, Science & Tech. Learning Standards Matched To Neighborhood MapMachine
    NY math, Science Tech. Standard 3 mathematics Students will understand mathematicsand become mathematically confident by communicating and reasoning
    http://www.tomsnyder.com/products/standards/neinei-nymst.htm

    matched to
    Neighborhood MapMachine
    plan and build, under supervision, a model of the solution using familiar materials, processes, and hand tools Standard 1 Analysis, Inquiry, and Design : Students will use mathematical analysis, scientific inquiry, and engineering design, as appropriate, to pose questions, seek answers, and develop solutions. : Elementary Students: : ENGINEERING DESIGN : 1. Engineering design is an iterative process involving modeling and optimization finding the best solution within given constraints which is used to develop technological solutions to problems within given constraints. Component: Movement Reference: Teacher's Guide p. 55 Required Suggested Interested discuss how best to test the solution; perform the test under teacher supervision; record and portray results through numerical and graphic means; discuss orally why things worked or didn't work; and summarize results in writing, suggesting ways to make the solution better Standard 1 Analysis, Inquiry, and Design : Students will use mathematical analysis, scientific inquiry, and engineering design, as appropriate, to pose questions, seek answers, and develop solutions. : Elementary Students: : ENGINEERING DESIGN : 1. Engineering design is an iterative process involving modeling and optimization finding the best solution within given constraints which is used to develop technological solutions to problems within given constraints. Component: Perspective Reference: Teacher's Guide p. 50

    57. MA Math Curriculum Framework Matched To Essential Math Worksheets
    MA math Curriculum Framework matched to Essential math Worksheets. Sense and Numeration Students engage in problem solving, communicating, reasoning, and
    http://www.tomsnyder.com/products/standards/essmat-mama.htm
    MA Math Curriculum Framework
    matched to
    Essential Math Worksheets
    + demonstrate an understanding of our numeration system by relating counting, grouping, and place value concepts. Learning Standards For PreK-Grade 4 : 1.1 Number Sense and Numeration : Students engage in problem solving, communicating, reasoning, and connecting to: Component: Place Values Reference: Place Values Online Worksheet Required Suggested Interested + demonstrate an understanding of the basic concepts of fractions, mixed numbers, and decimals. Learning Standards For PreK-Grade 4 : 1.3 Fractions and Decimals : Students engage in problem solving, communicating, reasoning, and connecting to: Component: Fractions Reference: Fractions Online Worksheet Required Suggested Interested Component: Place Values Reference: Place Values Online Worksheet Required Suggested Interested + represent and use equivalent forms of numbers, including integers, fractions, decimals, percents, exponents, and scientific notation. Learning Standards For Grades 5-8 : 1.6 Number and Number Relationships : Students engage in problem solving, communicating, reasoning, and connecting to: Component: Fractions Reference: Fractions Online Worksheet Required Suggested Interested Component: Rounding Reference: Rounding Online Worksheet Required Suggested Interested Component: Place Values Reference: Place Values Online Worksheet Required Suggested Interested + know and use order relations for whole numbers, fractions, decimals, integers, and rational numbers.

    58. Math
    Equivalently, the cell j is subordinate to the cell k (of the given ordering) ifk is an ancestor of j. A set of cells is a communicating set if each cell in
    http://www.math.kth.se/~gunnarj/LIFE/WLIF/wmath.html
    Mathematical Aspects
    Transition and cycle matrices
    Suppose that a certain Life pattern is cyclic with period N. Suppose also that the pattern is viewed in The Rainbow game with a given initial black and white distribution. Let furthermore the colour of each cell in each generation be represented by a colour index v n [j], where n represents the generation and j the cell number. It is assumed that the cells in each generation has a given ordering such that corresponding cells N generation s apart (when the pattern has resumed its original appearence) have the same cell number. The totality of all colour indices in a given generation n can then be represented by a vector v n of dimension r n , where r n is the number of cells in the nth generation. v is the initial distribution.
    From the colouring rule it follows that there is a linear relation between the vectors v n and v n+1 which can be expressed by means of a transition matrix T n such that
    v n+1 = T n v n
    Hence T n is a r n+1 x r n -dimensional matrix.

    59. Innovative Courses Boost Math Achievement
    An emphasis on problemsolving, including the use of questioning strategies,reasoning, and communicating. math A and UCSMP courses de-emphasize direct
    http://www.wcer.wisc.edu/publications/WCER_Highlights/Vol.8_No.1_Spring_1996/Inn
    Innovative courses boost math achievement Upgraded math courses implemented in New York and California are raising student achievement and improving students' chances of mastering college preparatory math. Four school districts in California and New York offer "transition" math courses that serve as a bridge between basic math and college preparatory math (see WCER Highlights Summer 1994, p. 4). New York initiated its transition math courses 10 years ago; California initiated different, but equally effective courses, about five years ago. The point of the courses is to help break the vicious cycle of the "basic" or "general" track, in which teachers set low expectations for students in lower level math courses, and students hold low expectations of themselves. New York's Stretch Regents courses emphasize the integration of math topics, but at a pace more accessible to students who have struggled in math. The University of Chicago School Math Project (UCSMP) courses in place in Buffalo, New York, and California's Math A focus on the use of manipulatives, group work, and problem-solving strategies that actively engage students in understanding mathematics and how it is applied. Researchers at the WCER branch of the Consortium for Policy Research in Education studied these innovative courses to determine how and why they were effective. Adam Gamoran, Andrew Porter, John Smithson, and Paula White gathered data from seven high schools across four districts (Buffalo and Rochester, New York, and San Diego and San Francisco, Calif.). They selected schools with high percentages of minority and low-income students, because the problem of dead-end classes for low-achieving students is most severe in such schools.

    60. Facilitates Students Communicating With One Another In The Language Of Mathemati
    Facilitates Students communicating With One Another in The Language of mathematics. connectionswithin and outside of mathematics, and personalize math concepts
    http://www.ncrel.org/sdrs/areas/issues/content/cntareas/math/ma6facil.htm
    Facilitates Students Communicating With One Another in The Language of Mathematics
    Using oral and written communication as a tool helps students reflect upon their understandings of mathematics, make connections within and outside of mathematics, and personalize math concepts. Buschman (1995) explains: "As soon as students use words to describe their thinking, they make their understanding more precise and more general at the same time. Only by using words in many situations and many contexts do students come to understand the full meaning of each word." To illustrate the many ways that students communicate in mathematics, Mazie Jenkins and Johnny Lott (1995) quote Jacob, a Wisconsin third grader, as he describes communication in his class:
      "We communicate by sharing at the end of math class. We share our strategy by drawing, and using math manipulatives to show the way we did it. We learn the way the sharer did it by asking questions. We talk to other students about their strategy and how they got the answer ....We talk about the problem with the teacher and she asks questions about how we did it. So we can think more about the problem and how we did it. To the teacher the answer isn't as important as how we solved the problem. We also write in our math journals so the teacher can learn how we did the problem and so the kids can think about how they solved the problem."
    References Content and general comments:

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