1. Identity And Individuality In Quantum Theory Assesses the metaphysical implications of quantum theory by considering the impact of the theory on Category Society Philosophy Philosophy of Physics......Identity and Individuality in quantum theory. What are the metaphysical implicationsof quantum physics? Auyang, SY, 1995, How is Quantum Field Theory Possible? http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/qt-idind/

version history HOW TO CITE THIS ENTRY Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy A B C D ... Z content revised FEB Identity and Individuality in Quantum Theory What are the metaphysical implications of quantum physics? One way of approaching this question is to consider the impact of the theory on our understanding of objects as individuals with well defined identity conditions. One view is that quantum theory implies that the fundamental particles of physics cannot be regarded as individual objects in this sense. Such a view has motivated the development of non-standard formal systems which are appropriate for representing such non-individual objects. However, it has also been argued that quantum physics is in fact compatible with a metaphysics of individual objects. Nevertheless, such objects are indistinguishable in a sense which leads to the violation of Leibniz's famous Principle of the Identity of Indiscernibles. Finally, this underdetermination of the metaphysics of individuality by the physics has important implications for the realism-antirealism debate. Introduction Quantum Non-Individuality Quantum Individuality Quantum Physics and the Identity of Indiscernibles ... Related Entries Introduction individuals We might begin by noting that a tree and rock, say, can be

2. Quantum Primer A quantum catechism An alternative, elementary treatment of atomic quantum theory. Primer on quantum theory of the Atom http://www.sfu.ca/chemcai/QUANTUM/Quantum_Primer.html

Primer on Quantum Theory of the Atom Stephen K. Lower Simon Fraser University To download a printable version of this document in Adobe Acrobat format, click here Parts 1 and 2: Particles, waves and light What is a particle? What is a wave? What is light? What is the wave theory of light? ... Are they particles or are they waves? Part 3 - Electrons in atoms What are line spectra? How are line spectra organized? How large can n be? Why do line spectra become continuous at short wavelengths? ... What is electron spin? Part 1: Particles and waves Q1. What is a particle? A particle is a discrete unit of matter having the attributes of mass momentum (and thus kinetic energy ) and optionally of electric charge Q2. What is a wave? A wave is a periodic variation of some quantity as a function of location or time. For example, the wave motion of a vibrating guitar string is defined by the displacement of the string from its center as a function of distance along the string. A sound wave consists of variations in the pressure with location. A wave is characterized by its wavelength l (lambda) and frequency n (nu), which are connected by the relation

3. Quantum Theory quantum theory. In this chapter we will explore the theory which is known as quantum mechanics. This theory has some http://theory.uwinnipeg.ca/mod_tech/node143.html

Next: Early models of the Up: Physics 1501 - Modern Previous: Tachyons and Time Travel Quantum Theory In this chapter we will explore the theory which is known as quantum mechanics. This theory has some spectacular successes, among which is describing properties of atoms, but also presents us with some philosophical challenges regarding its interpretation. Early models of the atom Problems with early models Bohr model of the atom Bohr model ... modtech@theory.uwinnipeg.ca

4. Many-Worlds Quantum Theory A collection of links to sites related to the many worlds interpretation of quantum mechanicsCategory Science Physics Quantum Mechanics Interpretations......ManyWorlds quantum theory. The natural Clifford algebra structure of the D4-D5-E6-E7-E8VoDou Physics model produces a Many-Worlds quantum theory. http://www.innerx.net/personal/tsmith/ManyWorlds.html

5. Physics 219 Course Information to describe Gravity and the Higgs Mechanism, and also shows relationships between Special Relativity and quantum theory. http://www.theory.caltech.edu/people/preskill/ph229

Course Information for Physics 219/Computer Science 219 Quantum Computation (Formerly Physics 229) John Preskill Contents Course Description Class Meetings Instructors Course Requirements ... Other Useful Links Go directly to course outline, references, lecture notes, or homework Course Description The theory of quantum information and quantum computation. Overview of classical information theory, compression of quantum information, transmission of quantum information through noisy channels, quantum entanglement, quantum cryptography. Overview of classical complexity theory, quantum complexity, efficient quantum algorithms, quantum error-correcting codes, fault-tolerant quantum computation, physical implementations of quantum computation. Class Meetings Mondays and Wednesdays and 1:00 to 2:30 in 269 Lauritsen, first, second, and third terms. The first class meeting is on Monday, September 25, 2000.. Instructors John Preskill 459 Lauritsen Laboratory Telephone: 626-395-6691 email: preskill@theory.caltech.edu Teaching assistant: Jim Harrington 453 Lauritsen Telephone: 626-395-6650 email: jimh@theory.caltech.edu

6. Measurement In Quantum Theory Collapse of the wave function, role of the observer in QM; From the Stanford Encyclopedia, by Henry Krips.Category Science Physics Quantum Mechanics Interpretations......Measurement in quantum theory. Daneri, A., Loinger, A., and Prosperi, GM, 1962. Quantumtheory of measurement and ergodicity requirements . Nuclear Physics. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/qt-measurement/

version history HOW TO CITE THIS ENTRY Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy A B C D ... Z content revised OCT Measurement in Quantum Theory The dynamics and the postulate of collapse are flatly in contradiction with one another ... the postulate of collapse seems to be right about what happens when we make measurements, and the dynamics seems to be bizarrely wrong about what happens when we make measurements, and yet the dynamics seems to be right about what happens whenever we aren't making measurements. (Albert 1992, 79) This has come to be known as "the measurement problem" and in what follows, we study the details and examine some of the implications of this problem. The measurement problem is not just an interpretational problem internal to QM. It raises broader issues as well, such more general philosophical debates between, on the one hand, Cartesian and Lockean accounts of observation as the creation of "inner reflections" and, on the other, neo-Kantean conceptions of observation as a quasi-externalized physiological process. In this article I trace the history of these debates, and indicate some of the interpretative strategies that they stimulated. The Birth of the Measurement Problem The End of Copenhagen Monocracy Cats in Singlets The World of Many Interpretations ... Related Entries The Birth of the Measurement Problem The measurement problem in QM (Quantum Mechanics) grew out of early debates over Niels Bohr's "Copenhagen interpretation". Bohr maintained that the physical properties of quantum systems depend in a fundamental way upon experimental conditions, including conditions of measurement. This doctrine appeared explicitly in Bohr's 1935 reply to Einstein, Podolski, and Rosen: "The procedure of measurement has an essential influence on the conditions on which the very definition of the physical quantities in question rests" (Bohr 1935, 1025; see too Bohr 1929). To be specific, Bohr endorsed the following principle:

7. The Jade Hut Imagine a cross between economics and thermodynamics http://www.geocities.com/CollegePark/1003/

Welcome to The Jade Hut PES College of Engineering Mandya This page is dedicated to all our classmates with whom we spent the best and most colorful days of our lives and to all our beloved teachers who put up with us. The Colorful Class of 93! Vyshali B S Venkategowda Vandana Krishnan Usha Devi K Thomson B Sudharma Rao P Srinivas Gopalan Sanjay R Bhakta Sanjay Mahale Samartha Raghava N Rekha M A Ravi Kiran M V Ravindran H Ravindra Kumar C P Ramesh S Ramamurthy J Rakesh Saha Raghavendra G Premkumar L Prasad KSV Nayana D K Naveen S Natesh Nayak Nanda Kishore Mohan H Madhusudhan N R Madhusudan Hebbar Lokesh Kumar Latha K Kumar K V Krishna C S Kali Krishna Kavirajan R K Karthik S. Karthik B Gyaneshwaran Ganesh S Ganesh Krishnan Chetan Kumar M Chandrika G V Chandrashekar S Our respected teachers... This page will always be under construction... Write to the webmaster Subscribe to Enter your e-mail address: pesce_ec93 archive An e-group hosted by eGroups.com You are visitor number

8. Quantum Theory Without Observers Decoherent histories (DH) approach was initiated in 1984Category Society Philosophy Seeds and Escapes......next Next Introduction. quantum theory Without Observers. Sheldon GoldsteinDepartment of Mathematics, Rutgers University New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA. http://www.math.rutgers.edu/~oldstein/papers/qts/qts.html

Next: Introduction Quantum Theory Without Observers Sheldon Goldstein Department of Mathematics, Rutgers University New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA July 23, 1997 The concept of `measurement' becomes so fuzzy on reflection that it is quite surprising to have it appearing in physical theory at the most fundamental level. ... [D]oes not any analysis of measurement require concepts more fundamental than measurement? And should not the fundamental theory be about these more fundamental concepts? (Bell 1981 [ , page 117]) Introduction Decoherent Histories Spontaneous Localization Bohmian Mechanics ... About this document ... Shelly Goldstein Wed Aug 13 17:22:41 EDT 1997

9. To 100 Anniversary Of Quantum Theory To 100 anniversary of quantum theory Friden Korolkevich. The quantum theory isbased on constant and quantum. But the essence of the constant is not clear. http://cust.idl.com.au/rubbo/quantum/

To 100 anniversary of Q uantum T heory Friden Korolkevich The quantum theory is based on constant and quantum But the essence of the constant is not clear. Planck called it the mysterious messenger from the real world[1] and de Broglie called it the mysterious costant[2]. What object of nature does it characterize? It is not clear. It is something like the Cheshire Cat’s smile in Lewis Carrol’s tale about Alice: there is a quantity of something, but this something is not yet or already seen. In 1951 Albert Einstein wrote to his friend Michael Besso that a conscious search for half a century had not brought him closer to answering the question: what are quanta of light? And it is still the same[3]. Consequently, the quantum theory is based on two famous but little understood categories, which are accepted without dispute. In 1911 Puancare described the Planck constant as small and unchangeable atoms of energy. Boltsman, Erenfest, Ioffe himself had the same thought. In 1924 Planck proposed we accept that the energy of the single oscillation of the light source be equal to one constant of the value Consequently, in its most general view and following principles of mechanics, the physical essence of light can be brought down to the notion of radiation energy.

10. Quantum Theory Project Seminar Series - 2002-2003 quantum theory Project Seminar Series Spring 2003. Unless otherwisestated, The quantum theory Project seminar series meets on http://www.qtp.ufl.edu/seminars_qtp.html

Quantum Theory Project Seminar Series - Spring 2003 Unless otherwise stated, The Quantum Theory Project seminar series meets on Wednesdays afternoon in the New Physics Building, Rm. 2205, from 4:05 to 5:00, (refreshments served at 3:45). The series consists of seminars on current research topics in Quantum Chemistry, Dynamics, and Materials Theory given by students, faculty and guests. The seminar series is run as a graduate course: PHY6932 or CHM 6934. Graduate student attendees should register for the course. All are welcome. Suggestions and volunteers for speakers are welcome! January 16, 2003 10:00 a.m. Magnus Gustaffson, Title: Collision-induced Absorption and Anisotropy of the Intermolecular Potential January 22, 2003 David Bernholdt, Title: January 29, 2003 Erik Deumens , QTP, University of Florida Title: Problems in Quantum Mechanics February 5, 2003 L. Rene Corrales , Pacific Northwest Laboratory Title: Trapped in Silica February 12, 2003

11. Rudiments Of Quantum Theory Rudiments of quantum theory. quantum theory was not created out of the blue . Foranother decade, extensions to this quantum theory proved unsatisfying. http://www.chembio.uoguelph.ca/educmat/chm386/rudiment/rudiment.htm

Rudiments of Quantum Theory Quantum theory was not created "out of the blue". It's mathematical framework and ideas grow out of a long history of classical mechanics. A number of certain experiments around the turn of the century created the need to replace the classical theory of matter with a new quantum theory. The first attempt's (Bohr) had remarkable yet limited success. This became known as the Old Quantum Theory. Classical Tour Experimental Tour Quantum Tour Mathematical Basics ... Simple Quantum Models An important aspect of understanding of one's position is to appreciate where one came from. This is also true of modern science. Though admittedly more complex, it is possible to follow a thread through the last four centuries up to the birth of modern quantum mechanics. Rene Descartes is often credited as the Father of Modern Mathematics. While a mercenary soldier, he experienced a dream one night that triggered in his mind the idea of modern algebra. (Some nightmare!) It is helpful to follow a short tour from Descartes through to Newton, Bernoulli, Euler, Hamilton, Maxwell, Einstein, Schrodinger, Heisenberg, and Dirac. It is revealing to see how the mathematical ideas of one generation opened new avenues for the next.

12. Solitons An overview of the classical and quantum theory related to solitons http://physics1.usc.edu/~vongehr/solitons_html/solitons.html

SOLITONS Table of Contents: 1. Introduction 1.1. Historical Account Although for quite some time only classical solutions (i.e. not quantised) in low dimensional spaces have been considered their importance was recognised in quite different areas of physics. Information technology, struggling with signal broadening al ong transmission lines, would certainly gain from the use of non-dispersive pulses. For particle physicists a localised and stable wave might be a good model for elementary particles opening up in a non-linear field theory the possibility of what would h ave to be a wave packet in a linear one (newer fundamental gauge theories are non-Abelian and therefore non-linear). Notably among others is the Skyrme model that aims to describe nucleons and nucleon-nucleon interactions. Topological solitons give rise to pre- quantum mechanical quantisation of charges. For any non-linear theory the soliton is at least as fundamental a solution as the sine wave. Recently, there have been profound advances in finding solitons in higher dimensional theories and in quantising them. Doing quantum mechanics one finds rel ations between solitons that go very deep and are entirely unexpected from a classical viewpoint. 1.2. Shallow Water Solitary Waves

13. Tour Quantum Mechanics Personalities quantum theory Comes of Age. With a body of convincing experimentalevidence pointing to the significance and reality of Palnck's http://www.chembio.uoguelph.ca/educmat/chm386/rudiment/tourquan/tourquan.htm

Quantum Theory Comes of Age Niels Bohr - The Old Quantum Theory Louis de Broglie Wave Mechanics Werner Heisenberg ... Or you can escape from this tour Author: Dan Thomas email: Last Updated: Friday, July 5, 1996

14. The Search For A Quantum Field Theory Investigations undertaken to build a consistent quantum theory of fields http://www.cgoakley.demon.co.uk/qft/

[Dr. Chris Oakley's home page] [More comments about academic research] The search for a quantum field theory or: Surely you're joking, Mr. Feynman I left the academic profession at the age of 27, having made serious attempts to solve a major scientific problem that has been outstanding since 1929. I left not because the research I was doing was failing, but because it was virtually impossible to continue in the face of total opposition from the academic establishment. Looking back on it fifteen years on, my experience reminds me of the film Logan's Run , where the system trains young people only to the point at which they become a threat. After that it has to eliminate them. Here is the full story When I was doing my A-levels in 1976, elementary particle physics was considered the ultimate scientific study, and not just among scientists: there were regular popular science TV programs on the subject and many of the general public were au fait with such concepts as Bubble Chambers, Quarks, Gluons, Strangeness and Charm. Such was the interest that I found myself spending a lot of time explaining these things to non-specialists, including family and friends, and when I got the chance to do graduate study in the field, I was was thrilled. I then discovered something that seems so obvious that I cannot believe that I am the first to see it: namely that if the field is written as a power series in the coupling constant, then the field equations enable a simple reduction of an interacting field in terms of the free field and any amplitude can be calculated just by inspection. Specialists please go

15. Quantum Mechanics History The neutron was not discovered until 1932 so it is against this backgroundthat we trace the beginnings of quantum theory back to 1859. http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/HistTopics/The_Quantum_age_begins.html

A history of Quantum Mechanics Mathematical Physics index History Topics Index It is hard to realise that the electron was discovered less than 100 years ago in 1897. That it was not expected is illustrated by a remark made by J J Thomson, the discoverer of the electron. He said I was told long afterwards by a distinguished physicist who had been present at my lecture that he thought I had been pulling their leg. The neutron was not discovered until 1932 so it is against this background that we trace the beginnings of quantum theory back to 1859. In 1859 Gustav Kirchhoff proved a theorem about blackbody radiation. A blackbody is an object that absorbs all the energy that falls upon it and, because it reflects no light, it would appear black to an observer. A blackbody is also a perfect emitter and Kirchhoff proved that the energy emitted E depends only on the temperature T and the frequency v of the emitted energy, i.e. E J T v He challenged physicists to find the function J In 1879 Josef Stefan proposed, on experimental grounds, that the total energy emitted by a hot body was proportional to the fourth power of the temperature. In the generality stated by Stefan this is false. The same conclusion was reached in 1884 by Ludwig

16. Twistor Web A new approach pioneered by Roger Penrose, starting with conformallyinvariant concepts, to the synthesis of quantum theory and relativity. Some papers on-lin. http://users.ox.ac.uk/~tweb/

17. Bohm Ford Nelson Prigogine Umezawa Quantum Theory And Bernoulli Controversial views and ideas by Tony SmithCategory Society Philosophy Quantum Reality and Locality...... ZPF Quantum Fluctuations within the Electron Compton Radius Vortex can bedescribed by the Hydrodynamical Formulation of Bohm quantum theory. http://www.innerx.net/personal/tsmith/mwbn.html

18. The Line Segment Nature's quantum theory of Relativity The speed of light is constant anywhere,but light's velocity never is ..due to affecting objects. http://www.geocities.com/capecanaveral/2382/

island American Institute of Physics Quantum Mechanics Book Source Most Reccommended Text List ... Great Thinkers Nature's Quantum Theory of Relativity The speed of light is constant anywhere, but light's velocity never is... ...due to affecting objects. There exists a simple pattern that defines the nature of Nature Introduction: This paper exposes a unifying pattern in nature, as it is supported by an old and fundamental law of physics. Remember the following, as quoted from the "Quantum Theory Time-Line", because it clearly expresses the pattern to which I will often refer that should also clear up physics for once, and for all that are able to understand: From the Time-Line: "1961, As the number of known particles keep increasing, a mathematical classification scheme to organize the particles (the group SU(3)) helps physicists recognize patterns of particle types." The claim that is being supported in this discertaion is that the pattern, (which will be clearly presented here), qualifies to unify all forces, and that the quantifying math and physics must, as is "pre-ordained", be naturally required, contained, and expressed within the pattern... The Matrix of Forces United: Light's speed is absolutely constant, but light's speed between any two points in "space" can not possibly ever match that speed, even when light is moving through deep-space and under the micro-gravitational influence of all massive objects, since the micro-distorting affects are never constant with respect to the continuous change in position between interacting objects, (distance being absolutely relevant to the level of gravitatioal influence that exists between bodies in euclidean "outter space").

19. 100 Jahre Quantentheorie A symposium and celebration held in Berlin, Germany in December 2000 celebrating the 100th anniversary of Max Planck's famous lecture on the theory of black body radiation. http://www.dpg-physik.de/kalender/qt100/

100 Jahre Quantentheorie Bitte updaten Sie Ihren Browser entsprechend. Unterseiten: lokale Navigation (linker Frame) Inhalt (rechter Frame)

20. Quantum Theory Group At The University Of Potsdam Translate this page research on foundations and applications of quantum mechanics covering quantum computationand communication, quantum information theory, nano optics, photonic http://www.quantum.physik.uni-potsdam.de/

Am Neuen Palais 10 14469 Potsdam Prof. Dr. Martin Wilkens Marlies Path (Secretary) Fax: 1767 Junior Prof. Dr. Jens Eisert Dr. Carsten Henkel Dipl. Phys. Alexander Albus Dipl. Phys. Geesche Boedecker Dipl. Phys. Timo Felbinger Antonio Negretti, Dott. Phys. Cand. phys. Janet Anders Cand. phys. Andreas Jacob Cand. phys. Holger Hoffmann Guests Former members

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