81. Ven. Hsuan Hua Teachings Talks and commentaries on sutras. http://online.sfsu.edu/~rone/Buddhism/VenHua/hua.htm

Teachings of Chan Patriarch Hsuan Hua Note: The best source for published versions of the Venerable Master's teachings, both in Chinese and in English translation, is the Buddhist Text Translation Society Writings about the Venerable Master The Eighteen Great Vows of the Venerable Master Hsuan Hua Biographical Sketch of the Venerable Master Hsuan Hua The Venerable Master Hsuan Hua Brings the Dharma to the West The Venerable Master Hsuan Hua Dedicated His Life to Propagating theBuddhadharma ... Venerable Master Hsuan Hua, His Life, His Legacy (website) Writings by the Venerable Master The Buddha Speaks of Amitabha Sutra (.pdf files) The Wonderful Dharma Lotus Flower Sutra with the Commentary of Tripitaka Master Hsuan Hua The Vajra Prajna Paramita Sutra (.pdf files) "The Heart of Prajna Paramita Sutra with the Standless Verse Commentary" by Venerable Master Hsüan Hua "The Heart of Prajna Paramita Sutra with Verses Without a Stand and Prose Commentary" by Venerable Master Hsüan Hua (.pdf files) The Sixth Patriarch's Dharma Jewel Platform Sutra and Commentary by Chan Master Hsuan Hua (.pdf files)

82. Thank You "Uhome" Ninth Patriarch of the WeiYang chan (Chinese Zen) School of buddhism and was granted the Dharma Seal of the Wei-Yang lineage from the elder Venerable Master Hsu Yun. http://hsuanhua.uhome.net

¸ÐÖx Uhome ÌṩâÙM¾W퓿Õég£¡ Thank You "Uhome" to support this free web space! This web have some problem now, please use the link below to enter the web site! Venerable Master Hsuan Hua - his life, his legacy! http://www.hsuanhua.tk

83. BuddhaNet File Library: Zen, Chan Buddhist Teachings Dozens of .zip files of Zen teachingsCategory Society Religion and Spirituality Zen Teachings...... aitkenq.zip, 05 KB, The Future of Zen buddhism in the West, by RobertAitken, Roshi. chankhon.zip, 09 KB, Interview with Sister chan Khong. http://www.buddhanet.net/ftp11.htm

Please Note: These files have been zipped, you will need Win-Zip or something similar to open them If you are having any trouble downloading these files, please let us know by filling out the technical problem form Download File size File Description: 6thpatr.zip 125 KB The Platform Sutra: 6th Zen Patriarch. 8fold.zip 12 KB Following the 8-fold Path - A Modern Zen Approach. 8steps.zip 74 KB Eight Steps to Freedom: Following the Buddha's Eightfold. abortion.zip 06 KB The Buddha's Way and Abortion - Loss, Grief and Resolution. a-buddha.zip 09 KB "Ultimate Reality Transcends What Can Be Expressed in Words" Edited by Edwin A. Burtt. ait-futr.zip 18 KB Paper: Envisioning the Future, Robert Aitken, Roshi. aitken-k.zip 04 KB Robert Aitken, Roshi: on Zen Teaching. aitken87.zip 08 KB Teisho (Talk): Sila, by Robert Aitken, Roshi. aitken-o.zip 07 KB Teisho: Words About Sesshin for Newcomers to Zen practice. aitken-q.zip 05 KB The Future of Zen Buddhism in the West, by Robert Aitken, Roshi. aitken-t.zip

84. Essence Of Son (Chan) Buddhism (Korean Translation), Vol.¥° And ¥± Essence of Son (chan) buddhism (Korean Translation), Vol.¥°and ¥± Choson dynasty(1464), 32.1cm×19.5cm. http://www.horimmuseum.org/engpai-5.htm

Essence of Son (Chan) Buddhism (Korean Translation), Vol.¥° and ¥±

85. Le-chan chan Switzerland, Max Kalin Medical Practice and Teaching of chan (Zen) buddhism.chan Schweiz, Max KÂlin Arztpraxis und Lehre von chan (Zen) buddhismus. http://www.chan.ch/le-chan.html

MD Dr.med., Dr.sc.nat. Physician and Chan Teacher MaxKalin@chan.ch HOME CHAN PURPOSE ... LINKS Chan is the Chinese transliteration of dhyana, "meditation" in Sanskrit, and has two meanings: Chan means buddhanature, a very subtle experience of the mind, independent of space, time and culture, which can be realized after one has "emptied the mind". Chan training aims at guiding the student in such a way that she or he may "enter the door of Chan" and experience this "nature" directly. Chan stands for Chinese Buddhism, a Mahayana tradition, in general, and the five Schools of Chan ("Houses of Chan") in particular. Two of them, Linji und Caodong, have been transmitted to the present. Buddhism reached China in the first century of our time. Then it took half a millennium to collect, translate and classify the Indian scriptures, to debate its intrinsicacies with the Daoist heritage, and to develop a practice corresponding to the pragmatic Chinese way. It took the Tang Dynasty (618-907), a renaissance time, for buddhism to find its particular Chinese form. The root teacher of all Chan Schools is Hui-neng (638-713). It is the wish of my teacher, Shifu Sheng-yen, to emphasize a practice, centered on experience and verification, that is adapted to our time without loosing any of its substance.

86. Resource Depot: Religion : Buddhism : Mahayana : Zen Or Chan Wushan International Association The Hannya Haramita Shingyo sutrais the essence of Zen (chan)-buddhism. Here you will find the http://www.edepot.com/links/Religion/Buddhism/Mahayana/Zen_or_Chan/

Resource Depot Top Religion Buddhism Mahayana : Zen or Chan Home Add a Resource Modify a Resource What's New ... Search Links: Dark Zen - Mystical Teachings of Zen Buddhism (Added: 19-Apr-1999 Hits: 760) Wushan International Association - The Hannya Haramita Shingyo sutra is the essence of Zen (Chan)-Buddhism. Here you will find the japanese text and a german translation. (Added: 18-Mar-1999 Hits: 45) Zen Pursuer - Article collection about Korean Zen Buddhism like interesting episodes, songs, sound files, Zen stories, etc. (Added: 8-May-1998 Hits: 365) Search Resource Depot More Options

87. Koan Studies Pages Extensive bibliography on commentaries from the Zen buddhism WWW Virtual Library.Category Society Religion and Spirituality Zen Teachings Koans...... coombs.anu.edu.au/coombspapers/otherarchives/electronicbuddhist-archives/ buddhism-zen/teachings MasterYunmen From the Record of the chan Master 'Gate of the http://www.ciolek.com/WWWVLPages/ZenPages/KoanStudy.html

The World-Wide Web Virtual Library Alphabetical Category Subtree WWW VL database WWW VL Global Search Zen Buddhism Koan Study Pages Edited by Dr T.Matthew Ciolek [Est.: 2 Oct 1995. Last updated: 11 Jan 2001.] The purpose of this document, which is a part of the Buddhist Studies WWW Virtual Library and of the Zen Buddhism WWW Virtual Library , is to provide comprehensive and factual information about the koans (J.) [kung-ans (C.), kong-ans (C.), cong-an (Viet.), hua-t'ou (C.), hwadu (K.), wato (J.)] as used in the Zen training. Any updated information, corrections or comments will be appreciated. Please send email to Dr T.Matthew Ciolek tmciolek@ciolek.com A Work in Progress - tmc Zen Buddhism - General Resources Schools of Zen Buddhism Hakuin Ekaku School of Zen Buddhism Harada-Yasutani School of Zen Buddhism ... Zen Buddhism Online Bookstore Search WWW Search www.ciolek.com Direct link to Amazon.com database of books Koan Study Pages - Table of Contents A Register of Known Koan Collections Works Dealing With the Koan Study Koans - Some Definitions A Register of Known Koan Collections Classical koans Wu-Men Kuan (J.Mumonkan, E. Gateless Gate)

88. Chan Newsletter No. 120, December 1996: Chinese Buddhism And The Ch'an Tradition Besides wisdom, compassion is emphasized in buddhism. An world. chan NewsletterTable of Content. Copyright © 2001 Dharma Drum Mountain http://www.chan1.org/ddp/channews/12-1996.html

Ch'an Newsletter - No. 120, December 1996 Chinese Buddhism and the Ch'an Tradition Questions and Answers Chinese Buddhism and the Ch'an Tradition A lecture delivered by Master Sheng-yen at the University of Bristol, England, June 10, 1995, and edited by Dr. K.E. Robinson, Bristol Ch'an Group, Linda Peer and Harry Miller. Because there are a number of people here today who have just spent a week with me on retreat in Wales, I will talk about Ch'an practice as well as the history and beliefs of Ch'an. Buddhism was transmitted to China mainly during the early and middle periods of its growth in India (about 500 B.C.E. to 500 C.E.). Developments in Buddhism during the late period in India were transmitted principally to Tibet. As Buddhism developed in China, Chinese culture changed it. In India there was great emphasis on logic and philosophical reasoning, but less interest in history. Chinese Buddhism also emphasized philosophical reasoning, but was more concerned with the totality of things, and less with the structured and logical development of ideas. When Buddhism arrived in China, Confucianism and Taoism already existed, but had few structured philosophical discourses. If we look at their literature we see that there were not many structured philosophical discourses. Whereas Indian literature included many enormously long (poetic) works, the poems of ancient China rarely exceeded a few thousand words. The development of fiction, and of the novel, came much later in China, during the Ming Period, and was very much influenced by the development of Buddhism. In ancient China there was an emphasis on simplicity, and a holistic rather than a logical and analytical approach to philosophy, in both literature and religion.

89. Topic Map For The Chan-School Of Chinese Buddhism TEI and Topic Maps, Topic Map for the chanSchool of Chinese buddhism. Wemight organize the information of interest along the following lines. http://www.kanji.zinbun.kyoto-u.ac.jp/~wittern/talks/010616/foil12.html

TEI and Topic Maps Topic Map for the Chan-School of Chinese Buddhism We might organize the information of interest along the following lines. Locations in texts of the Chan-School, where Chan-masters and other persons, places, or datable events are mentioned. Anecdotes, quotations and allusions occurring in these texts. Interjections and comments of later Chan-masters relating to a given anecdote. Information about the lineage of Chan-masters. Other external information related to these topics. Links to other resources relevant to topics occurring in the texts.

90. Topic Maps For The Chan-School Of Chinese Buddhism Topic maps for the chanSchool of Chinese buddhism. We might organizethe information of interest along the following lines. Locations http://www.kanji.zinbun.kyoto-u.ac.jp/~wittern/talks/010526/foil07.html

Topic maps for the Chan-School of Chinese Buddhism We might organize the information of interest along the following lines. Locations in texts of the Chan-School, where Chan-masters and other persons, places, or datable events are mentioned. Anecdotes, quotations and allusions occurring in these texts. Interjections and comments of later Chan-masters relating to a given anecdote. Information about the lineage of Chan-masters. Other external information related to these topics. Links to other resources relevant to topics occurring in the texts.

91. Recommended Books China, these books offer the best information currently available on the early meditationtechniques of the northern school of Zen (chan) buddhism in China. http://www.hsuyun.com/books.html

Recommended Books LINKS TO OTHER PAGES Home Page Biography of Master Hsu Yun Perquisites for Chan Training Master Hsu Yun's ... About Hsu Yun Buddhist Association. Only a Great Rain: A Guide to Chinese Buddhist Meditation by Master Hsing Yun. A guide to Chinese Buddhist meditation. One of the few books to describe the Chinese approach to Buddhist meditation. Excellent commentary on Chinese Buddhism in general. Published by Wisdom Publications. The Way to Buddhahood by Venerable Master Yin-shun. Instructions from a Modern Chinese Master. This book is one of the best for overall Buddhist doctrine. It is used in Buddhist Monasteries and Academies as a text book. Published by Wisdom Publications, Boston. Usually available in major book stores or on-line. Zen's Chinese Heritage: The Masters and Their Teachings The popular belief is that Zen Buddhism is the property of Japan; this excellent and exhaustive book reminds us of the vast, though often neglected, patrimony of Buddhist spiritual knowledge that comes not from Japan but China. Ferguson's work is at once a history and an anthology of this fascinating tradition and includes many koans, anecdotes, and stories, as well as a wonderfully clear wall chart "Map of the Zen Ancestors." This splendid repository should give instruction and pleasure to the general reader as well as the professed Buddhist. Highly recommended for general and academic collections alike.

92. Special Exhibition: Kamakura -The Art Of ZEN Buddhism- Zen (chan) buddhism was introduced from China to Japan at the end of the 12thcentury by the Japanese Zen master Eisai, but was not able to establish a http://www.tnm.jp/doc/Guide/Dyn/eten/eten25.en.html

Regular Exhibitions Thematic Exhibitions Special Exhibitions Upcoming Exhibitions Special Exhibition Kamakura Tuesday, June 3 - Sunday, July 13, 2003 Tokyo National Museum (Ueno Park) Click here for general information The Tokyo National Museum presents Eastern members of the warrior class followed Tokiyori's lead and invited Zen priests from Kamakura to establish Zen temples in their domains. Kamakura became a cultural sphere at the heart of eastern Japan. Zen culture in Kamakura significantly differs from that of Kyoto. In Kyoto, the aspects of Zen art and culture that did not appeal to aristocratic tastes fell by the wayside giving the impression of demure simplicity, but Kamakura exhibits a more colorful multiplicity which preserve the original style derived from Chinese Chan culture. General Information Period: Tuesday, June 3 - Sunday, July 13, 2003 Hours: 9:30-17:00 Every, Friday until 20:00 (Last entry is 30 minutes before the closing time.) Closed: Every Monday Admissions: Prices shown in ( ) indicate advances discount/ group (more than 20 people) tickets. Ticket price includes admission to permanent gallery exhibitions.

93. Dharma Drum Mountain Practice center and monastery located in Elmhurst, Queens. Meet Master Shengyen, enjoy dharma talks and view a calendar of activities. community in the tradition of chan Master Sheng-yen (Shifu). to 1 am. chan Master Sheng-yen talks on various chan Magazine. Current and past issues of the chan Magazine. http://www.chan1.org/

"After a bird has flown from one tree to another, what trace does it leave in the air?" Master Sheng Yen, in Dharma Drum Welcome to Dharma Drum Mountain , a Buddhist community in the tradition of Chan Master Sheng Yen (Shifu). 90-56 Corona Avenue, Elmhurst, NY 11373. Tel: (718) 592-6593 E-mail: ddmbaus@yahoo.com New: Retreat Center Winter Album Saturday Afternoon Yoga Class Chan Magazine (updated 3/19/03) Retreat Forms Lists: Announcement, Discussions, Calendar, Ask the Abbot. For people from the NYC area, WNYE - Channel 25 has an excellent program entitled The Great Dharma Drum every Saturday from 12 midnight to 1 am. Chan Master Sheng-yen talks on various subjects (in Chinese with English subtitles) Chan Master Sheng Yen's Schedule Shifu is in Taiwan. Activities Saturday Sitting: 3/29, 4/5 9am to 3pm, CMC. Tuesday Meditation: 4/1, 4/8 7pm to 9pm, CMC.

94. Resources For The Study Of Buddhism Site contains links to both general Buddhist resources and specialized materials on Zen, Chinese buddhism Category Society Religion and Spirituality buddhism What Is buddhism......Resources for the Study of buddhism. Introductory Reading List. A Short IntroductoryReading List on buddhism. Links to Online Collections of Buddhist Texts. http://online.sfsu.edu/~rone/Buddhism/Buddhism.htm

Resources for the Study of Buddhism Compiled by Dr Ron Epstein Philosophy Department San Francisco State University Please send all comments, suggestions, and corrections to epstein@sfsu.edu General Buddhism Introductory Reading List Buddhist Sutras Links to Online Collections of Buddhist Texts Links to Other Selected Internet Sites ... Five Moral Precepts Buddhism for Children "Following the Buddha's Footsteps"Curriculum from Instilling Goodness School, City of Ten Thousand Buddhas Once Upon a Time: A Collection of Buddhist Stories Buddhist Studies for Primary and Secondary Students Theravada Buddhist Teachings "The Healing Power of the Precepts" by Thanissaro Bhikkhu "Laying the Foundation for Social Action" by Ajahn Pasanno "Discipline and Conventions of Theravada Buddhist Renunciate Communities" "What Is Important?" by Ajahn Pasanno ... "Introduction to Insight Meditation" Mahayana Buddhist Teachings Yogacara ("Consciousness Only") Buddhism Chinese Buddhism Chan and Zen Buddhism Shurangama Sutra: Text, Commentaries, and Articles ... News from True Cultivators Buddhism and Science "The Future of Humankind" by the Venerable Chan Master Hsuan Hua "Monsters Appearing in the World" by the Venerable Master Hsuan Hua "Toward Sustainable Science" by Bhikkhu P. A. Payutto

95. OLIS Resources - Religions buddhism. General Resources. The buddhism World; The Buddha's Teaching;Teachings Of The Buddha; Welcome to Suan Mokkh. Major Sects of buddhism. http://www.umlib.um.edu.my/olis/religion.htm

[General Information] [Agriculture] [Anthropology] [Architecture] ... Taoism Buddhism General Resources Buddhism Depot BuddhaNet: Buddhist Information Network - Main Page Buddhist Yogi C. M. Chen's Homepage Buddhist Studies WWW VL ... Don Farber's Buddhist Life Photo Archive The archive contains many rare and unusual images, including those of endangered traditional Buddhist cultures. Dudjom Buddhist Association, Hong Kong We publish an English-Chinese bilingual Buddhist journal called 'Light of Lotus'. Dunhuang Project The database is recreating in virtual form the contents of a Buddhist library cave discovered in 1900 near the Silk Road oasis town of Dunhuang on the edge of the Gobi Desert. Early Buddhist Manuscripts Project The British Library / University of Washington Early Buddhist Manuscripts Project was founded in September 1996 in order to promote the study, editing, and publication of a unique collection of fifty-seven fragments of Buddhist manuscripts. Electronic Buddhist Text Initiative (EBTI) Friends of Buddhism Institute of Buddhist Studies The Buddhism World ... Welcome to Suan Mokkh Major Sects of Buddhism This provides sites on the three major groups or "vehicles" of Buddhism, i.e.Theravada/Hinayana Buddhism, Mahayana Buddhism and Vajrayana/Tantric Buddhism.

96. Mesopotamian Religion Egyptian Religion Hittite Religion including Mesopotamian, Egyptian, Hebrew, Christianity, GraecoRoman, Celtic, Zoroastrian,Gnostic, Hinduism, Jainism, buddhism, Manichaeism, Gnosticism, and http://www.etsu.edu/cas/history/religionbib.htm

Bibliographies Ancient Religions including Mesopotamian, Egyptian, Hebrew, Christianity, Graeco-Roman, Celtic, Zoroastrian, Gnostic, Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism, Manichaeism, Gnosticism, and others.... This is a work-in-progress. If you have good citations, please send them. I'll get the internal links sorted out eventually. Please, bear with me. I want to get this posted for all who have asked. Since it is all text, it should load fairly quickly... If you only want a portion, highlight it, then copy and paste the text into your word processor, then print. THIS IS NOT MEANT TO BE EXHAUSTIVE!!! I don't have the six lifetimes it would take! But it is meant to be as thorough as I can make it and it should give you a good place to start on some of the larger areas of study. This could easily be split up into smaller or different categories ( I swear I will get around to it!!! It will have to be done soon, because the download is getting too long.), but I want this stuff out there. Some citations may be "incomplete". For instance, they may lack the place of publication; I will get those added as I am able to find them. In the meantime, you can go though a section and mark what you are interested in. It won't take you but a minute to read through the section you are interested in, you know.... I will keeping adding cites as time allows. Search this page: by author or key-word? Hit CONTROL + F, and the search dialogue box will come up.

97. Pure Land" Buddhism - A Popular Sect http://www.utexas.edu/cola/depts/philosophy/faculty/higgins/ChineseBuddhism.html

Pure Land" Buddhism - a popular sect € The goal is the "Pure Land," "Western Paradise" € a celestial Buddha, Amitahba, presides there, assisted by the bodhisattva Kuan-yin. One need only have faith in the infinite compassion of Amitahba (the Buddha who presides over the Pure Land). €Devotion (e.g., reciting Abitabha's name) is also important Doctrine of the Universal Mind accepted by Tiantai and Huayan schools. € Nirvana is the realization that the individual mind is one with the Universal Mind, or the Buddha nature. € All sentient beings possess the Buddha-nature. Tiantai, or Lotus School - founded by Zhiyi [Chih-i] (538-597) [Tiantai is the name of the mountain where Zhiyi lived; Lotus Sutra is the central text.] € The universe is the product and manifestation of an immutable Absolute Mind € All things are dependent on other things. € Each thing manifests the mind's character in its totality. € all natures are immutable (including the evils of the world). € things exist because all are innate in the Absolute Mind - Things have a greater reality than the Hua-yen school grants) -Dharmas (the elements of existence) are empty (no nature of their own), but they have relative reality.

98. Jiang Wu Research interests include seventeenthcentury Chinese buddhism, especially Chanbuddhism, the role of Buddhist canons in the formation of East Asian Buddhist http://info-center.ccit.arizona.edu/~eas/people/wu.html

Jiang Wu Assistant Professor, East Asian Studies Ph. D. Harvard University, 2002 Office: LSB 120 e-mail: jiangwu@email.arizona.edu Teaches Chinese thought, religion and classical Chinese. Research interests include seventeenth-century Chinese Buddhism, especially Chan Buddhism, the role of Buddhist canons in the formation of East Asian Buddhist culture, and the historical exchanges between Chinese Buddhism and Japanese Buddhism. Other interests include Confucianism, Chinese intellectual history and social history, and the application of Geographic Information System (GIS) in the study of Chinese religion. His dissertation, Orthodoxy, Controversy and the Transformation of Chan Buddhism in Seventeenth-century China (Harvard, 2002), investigates the intellectual and social origins of the Japanese Obaku school in China. Return to the EAS Faculty Home Page Return to the EAS Home Page

99. Buddhism In China http://inic.utexas.edu/asnic/boretz/china/9--chinesebuddhism.htm

Back to Schedule ANS 302C: China More Notes for Lecture 12 Buddhism in China: Main Concepts, Major Schools, Key Points Central concepts: The Three Treasures: buddha, dharma, sangha law of karma Four Noble Truths Emptiness (sunyatta). Buddhist emptiness was originally an epistemological concept, became more metaphysical in China nirvana (early intellectuals understanding on Taoist terms: nirvana=wuwei, nonaction) bodhisattva (early Chinese understanding of Buddhas and boddhisattvas=sages and immortals) chan-na (dhyana), concentration or meditation Buddhist cosmology and key concepts and their influence on/place in Chinese worldview: Heavens and hells karma, reincarnation, salvation and “crossing” supernormal powers cultivated through meditative concentration those powers employed in the salvation of others through “ Buddhism's assimilation into Chinese culture was a long process; the result is one of the greatest cultural interactions in history. Some important figures in the early history of Chinese Buddhism: Kumarajiva , 334-413, introduced Madhyamika philosophy, the main doctrinal basis for Chinese Buddhism ; made the first accurate translation of sutras into Chinese Hui-yuan 334-417 and Dao-an : Founded an early cult of Amitabha, the Buddha of the Western Paradise

100. Zen Poetry:  Links, Bibliographies, Selected Quotations, Indexes, Studies.    A comprehensive guide to Zen Poetry on the Net, a detailed bibliography, special studies of noted Category Society Religion and Spirituality Zen Arts Poetry...... The Japanese Haiku Masters Basho, Buson, Ikkyu, Issa, Shiki. Selected ChanBuddhism Quotes III. The Oak Tree in the Courtyard Sermons in Leaves. http://www.gardendigest.com/zen/

General Links and Bibliography Selected Quotes I Reginald Horace Blyth (1898 - 1964) Haiku Poetry: Links, Guides, Bibliography ... The Oak Tree in the Courtyard Sermons in Leaves Selected Zen Buddhist Quotations IV Cold Mountain Buddhas: Han Shan Han Shan (c 700) and Han Shan Te'-Ch-ing (c 1600) The 300 Missing Poems of Han Shan Mazie O'Hearn and Robert O'Hearn Vegetable Nirvana Yasai Nehan by Ito Jakuchu Selected Zen Quotations V ... Webpages [Excluding graphics] Served to Readers Since March 1, 2000 From the Poetry Notebooks of Michael P. Garofalo Reviews and Feedback Webpages Under Construction Lucien Stryk (1924 - ) Stone Gardens Cup of Tea Thomas F. Cleary (1949-) Compiled by Michael P. Garofalo Poetry Notebook III E-mail Mike Garofalo January 19, 2003

A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Y  Z

Page 5     81-100 of 100    Back | 1  | 2  | 3  | 4  | 5