21. CHAPTER FIVE The denomination was nicknamed dunkards because in their belief inbaptism (by immersion dunking them under the water). More http://www.geocities.com/mbolender.geo/book/ch5.html

Introduction Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 ... Chapter 7 V WESTWARD HO! MIGRATION TO OHIO J ust before the turn of the century, a large influx of pioneers migrated into the Northwest Territory. The people floating down the Ohio River by flatboat settled first along the riverbanks. Among them, in 1796, came Han Philip Shinkle ( Stephen and Margreta Bolender's brother in law and brother). He and his family moved to Ohio, taking a flatboat from Pittsburgh down the Ohio River,* landing at the mouth of Bullskin Creek, in what is now Clermont County, Ohio. Han Philip is listed as a farmer and shoemaker. According to A History of Clermont County, Ohio: "For several years they lived on the flatboat ready to cut loose, at any Indian trouble." I wonder if he made shoes for a living while remaining on the boat. In June 1805, he bought 300 acres of land near Feesburg, Ohio. The Northwest Territory incepted the land that is presently Clermont County as a county in 1800. Ohio became a state in 1803. This opened the way for a migration of Bolenders and Shinkles to Ohio, and eventually beyond.

22. Netscape Search Category - Dunkards dunkards, Become an Editor Suggest a Site Get the latest Communicator. Search theWeb or Ask a Question. Search the entire directory Search only in dunkards. http://207.200.81.7/Society/Religion_and_Spirituality/Christianity/Denominations

Autos Browser Central Computing Entertainment Games Health International Lifestyles Local Guide Music News Personal Finance Shopping Small Business Sports Travel Weather Home Society Religion and Spirituality Christianity ... Anabaptist Dunkards Business Games Health News Recreation Reference Regional Shopping Sports World Specialized Searches Yellow Pages White Pages MapQuest Maps Product Search ... Job Search Learn More Search directly from your browser. Internet Keywords Affiliate Program Frequent Questions Tips on Searching Get Involved Help build the largest human-edited directory on the web. Become an Editor Suggest a Site Get the latest Communicator. Search the Web or Ask a Question Search the entire directory Search only in Dunkards Brethren The Brethren Gateway to comprehensive web-based as well as print resources about the Brethren. As part of the New Religious Movements Homepage, it includes a profile of The Brethren Movement from the early 18th century, comprehensive links with abstracts, and a print bibliography. The Brethren Church Official site of the Brethren Church, based in Ashland, Ohio. Historical sketch, missionaries, district and congregational addresses and contacts. Brethren Groups Basic, non-theological outline of all the religious groups using the word Brethren in their denominational label.

23. TEDD E MISHLER The four regions that made up most of the Anabaptists were the Amish,the Mennonites, the dunkards, and the Quakers. Today there http://mozcom.com/~bobtib/roots/family/tmishler.html

TEDD E. MISHLER 325 Sand Creek Drive North * Chesterton, Indiana 46304 (219) 926.1245 * Email: mish@niia.net June 5, 1998 Mr. Robert Tibbetts 103 Asin Road Baguio City 2600 Philippines Dear Bob: We are blood relatives, but one must go back eight (8) generations to find our common ancestor who was Joseph Mishler, born about 1680 in Switzerland. Joseph was an Anabaptist and Anabaptists best define our family’s history. Anabaptists were Dutch, German, French and Swiss nationals living along or near the Rhine River. The four regions that made up most of the Anabaptists were the Amish, the Mennonites, the Dunkards, and the Quakers. Today there still are Dunkards, but most evolved into German Baptist, or what is commonly, presently called The Church of Brethren. The common features of the Anabaptists were: They would not kill and believed it was important to be a peacemaker; They did not believe in baptizing children, but instead believed that one should not be baptized until one affirmatively demonstrated they were making an informed adult decision of their own;

24. Our Story, Vol IV - Various Religious Sects Occupy Region 100 years. dunkards come and depart. This group They had been calleddunkards by neighbors because of their beliefs. For 33 years the http://www.usgennet.org/usa/wi/county/eauclaire/history/ourstory/vol4/sects.html

Various religious sects occupy region Among the first religious groups arriving in the region were members of the Mormon church from Nauvoo, Ill. These men cut logs on the Black River for a temple being built at Nauvoo. At one time there were 150 of them working in the Black River Falls area. After the death of Joseph Smith, the Mormons left. The temple built with timber from this region was destroyed by fire. Christian religion came closely behind the first white men into the region. Given credit for conducting the first services is Father Louis Hennepin, a French priest traveling with Michael Accau and Antoine Auguel up the Chippewa River in the late 1680's. Father Hennepin is believed to have said a Catholic mass on the hill overlooking Chippewa Falls. The first organized church came with the arrival of the Rev. Alfred Brunson in 1835 at Prairie du Chien. he had the first Methodist congregation which extended from Rock Island, Ill. to St. Paul. Because of his work he was also appointed a special Indian agent and traveled to LaPointe on Madeline Island, and Indian trading post. Mormons came to Black River There has been a number of sects in the area throughout the years.

25. Cucamonga's Lost Colonies L. Clucas order now. ESWENA. In 1890, a group of dunkards (Brethren) weretraveling west from Kansas. When they reached Southern California http://www.wemweb.com/cfh_publisher/articles/article_3.html

California Family House Publishers Light Over the Mountain A History of the Rancho Cucamonga Area by Donald L. Clucas Upland Trails A History of Upland and San Antonio Canyon by Donald L. Clucas Home Order Books About The Author Links ... Contact the Author Articles by: Donald Clucas Cucamonga's Chinatown Cucamonga's "Lost" Colonies Transplanted Pennsylvanians In Cucamonga: The Strieby Family Mr. Knott's "Weakly" Newspaper ... Rochester - One of Cucamonga's "Lost Colonies" Cucamonga's "Lost" Colonies by Donald L. Clucas This article first published by: Pomona Valley Historian, Winter 1977, Volume XI - Number 3 Most any of us who live in or near the Pomona Valley know of Cucamonga. Some know it only as the third stop along the Anaheim and Azuza on the old Jack Benny "excursion train." Others recognize it as the heart of the southland grape and wine industry. Still others are familiar with her grand history from Indian days through the era of the 13,000 acre Cucamonga Rancho and to the wonderful days surrounding her growth around the turn of the century. How many of us, except for a few however, would recognize the names Marquette, Eswena, Grapeland, and Rochester? Each one was at one time, a part of the area known as the West End of San Bernardino County. In fact thy all came from lands once included in the old Rancho. The truth is, they were as well known then as Cucamonga, Ontario, Upland, Etiwanda, or Alta Loma are today.

26. Dale Brown's Family History Page: Jacob Brown Story of Europe. The dunkards immigrated to Pennsylvania in two primarygroups the first came in 1719; the second, in 1729. It seems http://home.centurytel.net/dbrownfamily/brown/jacobbrownstory.html

The Story of Jacob Brown: Ohio Farmer (1849 to 1931) by Dale A. Brown May 2000 Although the deed was dated February 4, 1875, nearly four years elapsed before Jacob Brown could sell his 25 acres in Liberty Township and move his family permanently south, just 15 miles, to another log cabin. Throughout this new township (named Marion), forests of cottonwood, poplar, beech, and oak spread for miles in every direction. The infamous Black Swamp, which for decades discouraged settlement in northwestern Ohio, still existed. Above him the forest crisscrossed; beneath, the ground sucked at his boots. But Jacob Brown was optimistic. Using a few animals, such implements as he could build or buy, and his own strong back, Jacob knew full well that he could transform this densely wooded property into a productive farm. He'd grown up with a worthy example. Jacob's father, Henry Brown, was an early settler in Washington Township, in one corner of Hancock County. Along with his brothers, Martin and John, Henry Brown arrived in 1833 to carve a home from the seemingly impenetrable forest. The three brothers had each purchased 80-acre parcels in Section 36 of the township, and they faced the daunting task of clearing 240 acres. Jacob, Henry's tenth child, was born sixteen years after the brothers arrived.

27. 1Up Info > Dunkards (Protestant Denominations) - Encyclopedia You are here 1Up Info Encyclopedia Protestant Denominations dunkards,1Up Info A Portal with a Difference. Protestant Denominations. dunkards. http://www.1upinfo.com/encyclopedia/X/X-Dunkards.html

You are here 1Up Info Encyclopedia Protestant Denominations Dunkards ... News Search 1Up Info ENCYCLOPEDIA Protestant Denominations Dunkards Related Category: Protestant Denominations Dunkards: see Brethren Related Resources and Utilities AMAZON All Products Books Magazines Popular Music Classical Music Video DVD Electronics Software Outdoor Living Wireless Phones Computers Outlet Read articles on eLibrary: Encyclopedia Topics History People Places Content on this web site is provided for informational purposes only. We accept no responsibility for any loss, injury or inconvenience sustained by any person resulting from information published on this site. We encourage you to verify any critical information with the relevant authorities. Home Contact Us Privacy Links Directory ©1Up Info

28. Peters Creek Church Of The Brethren The colony which they established in Germantown, Pennsylvania was the beginningof the dunkards in America. We must remember the people called dunkards . http://www.garstfamily.com/pccb.html

Peters Creek Church of the Brethren One of the Valley's Oldest Peters Creek Church of the Brethren built in 1845 Early in the 18th century Europe was torn by strife. In the Eder Valley, near Schwargenau, Germany in the spring of 1708, Alexander Mack along with seven others, began a movement which evolved into what is known today as "The Church of The Brethren". In 1719, Mack, with his numerous followers, fled from Europe to America. The colony which they established in Germantown, Pennsylvania was the beginning of the "Dunkards" in America. We must remember the people called "Dunkards". who first came to the area were clannish, German speaking and for many years held themselves apart from their neighbors. They were hard working, industrious people and as a whole, excellent farmers. They sought only enough land to supply their needs. They sought neither wealth nor social prestige. They were not interested in political office and certainly they were not desirous of any type of military honor. When the Shenandoah Valley was first settled the Germans heavily populated the upper portion.

29. Why Did Wampflers Emigrate? Another sect, the dunkards, from a background of the Reformed Church and radicalpietist were followers of Alexander Mack of Schwarzenau, Germany. http://wew.bmb.uga.edu/wf-page/emigrant.html

Section 1.3 Why Did the Wampflers Emigrate? by John E. Wampler last revised November 2000 The Pennsylvania Dutch were composed of a number of groups drawn to William Penn's colony by the lure of religious freedom and the abundant land. They came from the German Palatinate, Holland, Saxon, Alsace, England and Switzerland. Oscar Kuhns in his book "The German and Swiss Settlements of Colonial Pennsylvania" (Kuhns, 1971) describes the conditions of the German Palatinate and Switzerland that lead to the mass immigration to the new land (over 100,000 immigrants prior to the American Revolution). The time line of changes in these lands is supported by writings contemporary to the period in Eshleman's book (1917). The German lands had been in the constant throes of war for a century and at the beginning of the 18'th century the Protestants of this region were persecuted by the Catholic upper classes. At this time the majority of the inhabitants were either Lutherans or Reformed. Swiss Menonites and other pacifist sects had been driven out. The feudal system drove a wedge between the classes that made peasant life very difficult. The Swiss federation, on the other hand, was not touched by the Thirty Years' War and its aftermath, but did have a feudal system entrenched which gave the peasant class little freedom. In particular, religious persecution of the Menonnite and other pacifist sects drove many to immigrate to the new world. This persecution was prompted by the "traffic in soldiers" that supported the Swiss elite in the 18'th century. The anabaptists and mennonites driven from Switzerland first settled in the Palinatate and Alsace around 1671. The authorities in Berne were particularly determined to drive them out. In 1709 they began to actively remove them to America.

30. Wampler/Wampfler Database, File: Hp1 MD; Montgomery Co OH (1826) re. Church of the Brethren (dunkards) sc. Churchof the Brethren (dunkards) n. nice article BSW bk4 p33 sc. http://wew.bmb.uga.edu/wf-page/database/hp1.html

Wampler/Wampfler Database, File: hp1 Last Update: 06-24-2002 NOTE: Children of same parent are not listed sequentially! see family tree(s). MAIN SOURCE: Terry L. Wampler database Galen Wampler notes and the Knob Noster MO newspaper archives of Dorothy Bonar This database is broken up into several files. The first file (HE0) contains the European ancestors and relatives (Wampfler surname) of Hans Peter and Johann Christian Wampfler who immigrated to America in the 1740's. It also includes them and their siblings. Hans Peter's children are also in this file. Johann Christian's children and their descendants are in a separate file (JC0) as are the descendants of each of Hans Peter's male children except Hans Adam (no current descendant info available) (three files, HG1, HM1 and HP1). There is a separate file for the descendants and potential ancestors of Daniel Wampler (1770-1852), born in Maryland, died in Pennsylvania (file NA0). His lineage may be from Hans Peter Jr. or from a 1708-1709 German immigrant. Most of the data supporting the latter lineage is in the form of a family tradition recorded by Edward Vance Wampler. In addition, there is a file for the Jakob Wampfler line (JA0) and a one containing miscellaneous other entries (MC0).

31. Membershipstats The Mennonites and the dunkards have never been fully numbered before and theyappear in statistical tables for the first time in the census of 1890. So http://www.goshen.edu/mcarchives/Resources/membershipstats.htm

Mennonite Church USA 2003 Directory , and Statistics, 1860-2003 Introduction Mennonite Yearbook , 1975-2001. See also the article "Statistics", written by James E. Horsch, Mennonite Encyclopedia , 1990. The Handbook of Information (GC) , 1971, and the Fact Book of Congregational Membership (GC) , 1971, for the General Conference Mennonite Church was deposited by David Habegger, Fort Wayne, Indiana, in 2002. The Mennonite Church USA 2003 Directory was published in 2003. Inventory Box 1 (Long Gray) Mennonite Church USA 2003 Directory , and Statistics, 1860-2003 Statistics of [some specific] Churches , 1891 [United States of America] The total membership for the Mennonite Church was 17,078, and for the General Conference Mennonites was 5,670. The total membership for Mennonites (including Bruederhoef Mennonite [Hutterites], Amish Mennonite, Old Amish Mennonite, Apostolic Mennonite, Reformed Mennonite, Church of God in Christ [Mennonite], Old (Wisler) Mennonite, Bundes Conference der Mennoniten Brueder-Gemeinde [Mennonite Brethren], Defenseless Mennonites, and Mennonite Brethren in Christ) was 41,541. The Brethren or Dunkards (Conservative) numbered 61,101, while the Brethren or Dunkards (Progressive) numbered 8,089.

32. Religion population (of Germantown) grew steadily and more diverse, so that by 1735 therewere congregations of Mennonites, Brethren (also known as dunkards and German http://www.users.voicenet.com/~wordinfo/deutsch/religion.htm

INFLUENCES IN RELIGION "The population (of Germantown) grew steadily and more diverse, so that by 1735 there were congregations of Mennonites, Brethren (also known as Dunkards and German Baptists), Lutherans, and German Reformed in addition to the Quakers." (Mark Frazier Lloyd and Sandra Macenzie Lloyd, "Three hundred Years of Germantown History: an Exhibition Celebrating the Tercentenary of this Community," Germantown Crier: Germantown 1983 Tercentenary , Germantown Historical Society, Volume 35, Number 1, Winter 1982-83: 7) "Among the Pennsylvania Germans, the Mennonites, Brethren and Schwenkfelders all bear resemblance to the Society of Friends of which religious body the founders of Germantown were members. But the great mass of the Pennsylvania Germans are of the Lutheran or Reformed Faiths. Nevertheless the dialect of the Pennsylvania Germans is akin to the speech of the Friends in that in addressing one another they always use ‘da’ [sic] – equivalent to ‘thee’ or ‘thou’ – and not the high German ‘me’ or ‘you’. In literary German ‘she’ [sic] is used in addressing superiors or as a mark of courtesy, while ‘du’ is employed in speaking to inferiors or in conversation among intimates. But in the Pennsylvania German dialect, as well as in most of the European German dialects, ‘du’ only is used." (Germantowne Crier , published by the Germantown Historical Society, Fall 1970, Volume 22, Number 4, 138) Mennonite Meeting House Germantown Avenue above Herman Street

33. The Neffs They were Mennonites (also called dunkards) and came to the US to avoid religiouspersecution. With him was at least one child, John Henry, born in 1705. http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~kinderneff/Neffs.html

The Neffs Hans Heinrich Neff was born in Germany in 1680. In 1717, he and his brother Franz and possibly another brother immigrated to the United States. They were Mennonites (also called Dunkards) and came to the U.S. to avoid religious persecution. With him was at least one child, John Henry, born in 1705. They settled in Pennsylvania in what later became Lancaster County, and became naturalized citizens in 1729. John Henry learned medicine from his father. He probably left Pennsylvania shortly after his father's death in 1745, and may have lived in Maryland for a short time. By 1746, he was living in Virginia, near the North Fork of the Shenandoah River a few miles north of present-day New Market. He was probably the only physician in the Shenandoah Valley at the time, and was a well-respected man. He died in 1784, and is buried in the Neff-Kagey cemetery on his original land. His wife Anna died in 1796 and is buried there as well. Unfortunately, Anna's maiden surname and parents are unknown. John Neff was born to John Henry and Anna Neff in about 1738 in Pennsylvania. He married Mary Ann Stickley (Stockli) in about 1759 in Virginia. They had at least 12 children, 7 girls and 5 boys. Their fifth child was Daniel Neff, born on October 24, 1768 on the Neff family Homestead in the Shenandoah Valley. Mary Ann died in 1796, and in 1801 John sold his land in Virginia and moved his family to the Miami River Valley in Ohio near Dayton (now the Harrison township). He originally purchased 1800 acres, and in 1805 he purchased more. His land stretched for over two miles along the west side of the Miami River near Dayton. John and his family were one of the first settlers in the area. John died in 1811.

34. Notes by Elder David E. Price in the church of the Brethren (dunkards) on Oct. 1, 1865. byElder David E. Price in the church of the Brethren (dunkards) on Oct. http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~rnelson/html/notes/not0038.html

Notes !BIRTH-PARENTS-SIBLINGS-MARRIAGE-SPOUSE-DEATH: Recs. of Don Turner ID 1997. !BIRTH-PARENTS-SIBLINGS-MARRIAGE-SPOUSE-DEATH: Recs. of Don Turner ID 1997. !BIRTH-PARENTS-SIBLINGS-MARRIAGE-SPOUSE-DEATH: Recs. of Don Turner ID 1997. !MARRIAGE-SPOUSE: FGS OF Virginia A. Corwin (1971). !CENSUS: 1880 U.S. Federal Census for Iona Twp., Jewell Co., KS; shows A.W. Austin 35 OH, Emma T. 37 IL, Eudora B. 13 IL, Clio 7 IL, Lottie E. IL, John A. 3 NE, Rachel E.M. a KA. !BIRTH-PARENTS-SIBLINGS-MARRIAGE-SPOUSE-CHILDREN-DEATH: Recs. of Don Turner ID 1997. From the Pension Application from dated apr. 7, 1915, they show that Amos and Malinda Barnhizer were mar. by Elder David E. Price in the church of the Brethren (Dunkards) on Oct. 1, 1865. In an earlier document from the Bureau of Pensions dated Oct. 13, 1897 on question No. 2, Amos W. Austin answered the question of his marriage as being Oct. 1, 1865 Ogle Co. IL at Mt. Morris, IL and by Elder David Price. [FrancisAustin.FTW] !RESEARCHER: Earle M. Green CA (1981) - provides info on this marriage and

35. Tibbetts House Genealogy She and grandpa were dunkards (a religion). Can't seem to get anything onthe dunkards. See if you can get anything on the dunkards. . To Top http://www.nemontel.net/~2bobtib/genealgy.html

Genealogy Efforts at Tibbetts House Welcome! Dedicated to those family members who came before us... the Aguilar Family and Tibbetts Family and Johnson Family and Mishler Family ...and Flann Family (a beginning) ... and hoping to keep their memory alive in those who come after us. Aunt Alice Letter More Aunt Alice New Rachel E. Tibbetts Info Meet Tedd Mishler ... Links Notes on current Aguilar genealogy efforts: Brenda Almagro Huff and Paul Huff reside in Natalbany, Louisiana along with children Caris, Kevin and Curtis Andrew. Caris plans to wed in 1998. Email is: chuff@i-55.com To Top Notes on current Tibbetts genealogy efforts: We posted the below notice on "Genealogy - America's Most Wanted" in December 1996 and immediately received a reply stating "I have a Tibbetts line and would like to help you." However, our reply went unanswered. We've since discovered that Grandma Mary Elizabeth Mishler was born in 'Cashocton, Goshen, Indiana' so she and not Grandpa Charles Arthur may be the Indiana connection. We intend to amend the 'Most Wanted' entry soon. TIBBETTS, William, b ? ME? m Rachel Pomeroy in ME? Know of one child, my grandfather, Charles Arthur, b 15 Jul 1858 ME? d 23 Nov 1914 Eau Claire, WI. m Mary Elizabeth Mishler, 04 Dec 1886, Eau Claire, WI. Charles Arthur may have resided Mishawaka, IN area before moving to WI. Recall Jarvis family visiting from there and may be related.

36. Union County Illinois Trails Cemeteries They are in some ways similar to the Mennonites and were called dunkards, theGerman word for dippers, because they baptized by dipping the person forward http://www.iltrails.org/union/dextercems.htm

KIMMEL CEMETERY Township 12 south, range 2 west Kimmel Cemetery, located west of Jonesboro, Ill., was transcribed by Darrel Dexter in the winter of 1997. It is probably the oldest cemetery in Union County. To my knowledge, it has the oldest legible marker in Union County, that of Jacob Woolf, who died in 1823. (The oldest marker in St. Johns Cemetery is dated 1828 and in Jonesboro Cemetery 1829.) Kimmel Cemetery is often called the "Old Dunkard Cemetery." The earliest members of the families buried there were connected to the Dunkard Church, or German Baptist Brethren. There was at one time a large Dunkard Colony south of Jonesboro, composed of Woolf, Hunsaker, Kimmel, Davis, Dougherty, Vancil, Wigle, Limbaugh and other families. They are in some ways similar to the Mennonites and were called "Dunkards," the German word for "dippers," because they baptized by dipping the person forward, face down, into the water three times. Jacob Woolf and George Davis, who died in 1816, were made the first deacons of the church in 1813 and George Woolf was chosen the pastor. In 1826, Charles Dougherty, the son of Charles and Elizabeth Woolf Dougherty, was ordained a Dunkard preacher in Union County. Between 1827 and 1831, most of the Dunkards left to settle in Adams Co., Ill. The last love feast was held by the Dunkards in Union County in 1836 at the home of Daniel Kimmel. The oldest markers in the cemetery are classified as "discoid," a type of marker which looks like a nearly circular head, neck and square shoulders.

37. Historical Notes On The Wilderness Road in 1892. Among the first European settlements in the New River Valleywas dunkards' Bottom, now covered by Claytor Lake. The settlement http://www.mountainsofmisery.com/2002/WRRMoM/HistoricalNotes.html

New River Valley Double Header of Cycling Historical Notes on The Wilderness Road Your route on the Wilderness Road Bicycle Ride takes you past many sites of historical interest. Parts of the ride follow the Wilderness Road, a wagon road which brought settlers from Philadelphia to Kentucky. Some of these pioneers settled in Montgomery County in the early 1770's. The County was formed in 1776 when Fincastle County was divided into three counties, Kentucky, Washington and Montgomery. The present county seat, Christiansburg, was first called Hans Meadow. But when it was incorporated in 1792, the settlement was renamed in honor of Colonel William Christian, brother-in-law of Patrick Henry. Daniel Boone, a blazer of the road, lived for several years in Christiansburg. At Riner, the Ride crosses Five Points Road. Five Points, the original name of Riner, refers to five roads which intersected here. After the civil war, the town was a crossroads where farmers from Kentucky and southwest Virginia drove horses to sell in Danville. After crossing the Little River, riders on the 50 and 70 mile rides enter the community of Snowville. Once a thriving commercial center, Snowville is a shadow of its former self. Settled in 1833 by Asiel Snow, Snowville soon became an industrial center. The Cypress Grove Christian Church, on the left, was built in 1850 by Asiel Snow and Chester Bullard. Asiel Snow is buried in a nearby cemetery. Leaving Snowville, the ride follows the Lead Mine Road. This road is regarded as the route taken by Abraham Wood when he discovered the New River in 1654. The 70 mile route follows the Lead Mine Road to Hiwassee and Allisonia where Big Reed Island Creek flows into the New River. After crossing the New River, the ride joins the Wilderness Road which here is named the Old Baltimore Highway. This area has mineral deposits that were once the basis for a large industry. William Herbert, the supervisor of Welsh miners employed to mine lead, wrote in 1764 "The account which I gave of the mine is in my opinion such as it desarves that is the aparance of the vain at the surfuis is such as I never had seen before all tho I have seen most mines of note in His Majestys Uropean dominions."

38. Scenes Page Five Chiswell and Hillsville,VA The dunkards were the first to settle along NewRiver at a place called dunkards Bottom northeast of the shot tower.. http://hearlshill.freeservers.com/scenes_page_five.htm

Scenes Of Virginia Page Five HOME PAGE Scenes Page One Photos By G Lee Hearl Mountain Scene Near Poplar Camp Near New River and Shot Tower Old stone Shot Tower on the banks of New River. This tower stand on a high bluff along the river and a shaft was dug down to the river level so that boats could come in through a tunnel to collect the chilled shot.. A lead melting furnace was located in the top of the tower where molten lead was poured through screens.. As the droplets of lead fell a hundred feed or more to the water below, it formed into round pellets (shot) and was hardened when it hit the cold water of the river.. This structure is visible from Interstate 77 between Ft. Chiswell and Hillsville,VA Back to Scenes of Interest To Scenes Page One Next Scenes Page Back To Homepage

39. Ephrata, Hotbed Of Religion That Quakers, Episcopalians, Mennonites, dunkards, Lutherans, Reformed, Presbyterians,Moravians, Roman Catholics, Jews, Methodists, and Baptists could all http://www.horseshoe.cc/pennadutch/places/pennsylvania/lancasterco/towns/ephrata

Ephrata, Hotbed of Religion Last Update: In 1782, when Comte de Segur visited Philadelphia, it was the religious toleration that excited his admiration rather than the fine proportions of the State House, or the markets along the High Street, or the handsome country houses with gardens dipping down to the Schuylkill. That Quakers, Episcopalians, Mennonites, Dunkards, Lutherans, Reformed, Presbyterians, Moravians, Roman Catholics, Jews, Methodists, and Baptists could all worship amicably together, each had his separate church or meetinghouse, each in his own fashion: that to him was the miracle. Ephrata had smaller buildings as well, among them an almonry, a granary, and a bakehouse in back of Saron, and here and there cottages for the married couples in addition to the barns and mills of several kinds. As Beissel had scruples about the use of iron, the brethren substituted wood for iron wherever possible. Saal was built without any iron, wooden pegs being used in place of nails. This was in obedience to the injunction given by Moses in Deuteronomy 27:5:Thou shalt not lift up any iron tool upon them." Furthermore, iron is symbolic of evil and darkness. The trenchers from which they ate were naturally of wood, but so were the knives and spoons and even the Communion goblets. Blocks of wood were used to iron their clothes. Much importance was attached to symbolism. In determining the size of one of the larger buildings, they were guided by the symbolism of the numbers designating the length of the building. They believed that in any number a circle represented God and the downstroke man. The number 66 was rejected because in each of the 6's man was put before God; 100 was rejected because there man was put before God. Finally 99 was approved because in each 9 God was put above man.

40. Plain People The group at present includes the Mennonites, the Amish, the Church of the Brethren(often called dunkards or Dunkers), the Brethren in Christ (River Brethren http://www.horseshoe.cc/pennadutch/religion/plainpeople/plainp.htm

~Contents~ Plain People Amish and Mennonites THE PLAIN PEOPLE OF LANCASTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. By Henry Kulp Ober, Former President of Elizabethtown College, Elizabethtown, Pennsylvania Introductory-The Mennonites-The Amish-The Reformed Mennonites -The Church of the Brethren-The Brethren in Christ-The United Zion's Children-The Yorkers. The meaning of the phrase "The Plain People" which has been chosen as the heading of this chapter, is locally well understood, but when one comes to set down just what is included in this rather common expression it is not so easily done. There is a group of religious organizations composed of several denominations in Lancaster county, to which this appellation has been applied by common consent. The group at present includes the Mennonites, the Amish, the Church of the Brethren (often called Dunkards or Dunkers), the Brethren in Christ (River Brethren), the United Zion's Children (Brinserites), the Yorkers, the New Mennonites or Reformed Mennonites. It is the purpose of this chapter to set forth in a sympathetic and unbiased manner the brief history of these organizations together with a description of their respective beliefs and practices. In no sense is there any desire to criticise or condemn. Even where one would find himself in disagreement with some of these beliefs or practices, there is no less respect and reverence for those who hold these views. There is no question but that these sturdy people, by their pious lives, the practice of their simple faith, their strong devotion to what they believe to be right, by their self-denial, and by their integrity and frugality, have made a large contribution to the social, religious, economical and industrial life of our great county, and have added to the solidarity of its citizenship.

A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Y  Z

Page 2     21-40 of 86    Back | 1  | 2  | 3  | 4  | 5  | Next 20