81. Acid Rain encyclopediaEncyclopedia acid rain. acid rain or acid deposition,formof precipitation (rain, snow, sleet, or hail) containing high http://www.infoplease.com/cgi-bin/id/A0802334

Trace your family history with Ancestry.com All Infoplease All Almanacs General Entertainment Sports Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Infoplease Home Almanacs Atlas Dictionary ... Fact Monster Kids' reference Info:Daily Fun facts Homework Center Newsletter You've got info! Help Site Map Visit related sites from: Family Education Network Encyclopedia acid rain acid rain or acid deposition, form of precipitation (rain, snow, sleet, or hail) containing high levels of sulfuric or nitric acids ( p Acid rain became a political issue in the 1980s, when Canada claimed that pollutants from the United States were contaminating its forests and waters. Since then regulations have been enacted in North America and Europe to curb sulfur dioxide emissions from power plants; these include the U.S. Clean Air Act (as reauthorized and expanded in 1990) and the Helsinki protocol (1985), in which 21 European nations promised to reduce emissions by specified amounts. To assess the effectiveness of reductions a comprehensive study, comparing data from lakes and rivers across N Europe and North America, was conducted by an international team of scientists in 1999. The results they reported were mixed: while sulfates (the main acidifying water pollutant from acid rain) were lower, only some areas showed a decrease in overall acidity. It remained to be determined whether more time or a greater reduction in sulfur emissions was needed to reduce freshwater acidity in all areas. See air pollution forest pollution acid anhydride acids and bases

82. Acid Rain: Find All The Information, News, And Resources About The Acid Rain Pro acid rain. acid rain is a general name for many phenomena including acidfog, acid sleet, and acid snow. Although acid rain Resources Acid http://www.ggw.org/RochesterEnvironment/acid_rain.htm

Home Up FAQ Feedback ... Subscribe or Unsubscribe to RENewsletter Get news links Action reports updates every week. Calendar To add your event, e-mail it to me Environment Forum Sponsored by Be sure to visit these pages (below) in Green Solitaire Environmental ACTION! Bush Watch Environment News ... Rochester Pictorial Acid Rain "Acid rain" is a general name for many phenomena including acid fog, acid sleet, and acid snow. Although we associate the acid threat with rainy days, acid deposition occurs all the time, even on sunny days. Something is acidic if it has a low pH. The pH of a liquid is measured on a scale which ranges from to 14 with 7.0 being neutral. Anything with a pH value lower than 7.0 is acidic, and anything higher than 7.0 is basic. Particles of sulphur and nitrogen emitted by cars, coal-fired generators, and non-ferrous smelters can be carried great distances and deposited anywhere from a few hundred to a few thousand kilometers from their source area. Even when sulphur and nitrogen particles fall to the surface as dry deposition they combine with water at the earth's surface or in the ground to produce the same effects as wet deposition. Acid rain has become a grave problem. North America and Europe are the areas with the most problematic and noticeable overall acid precipitation levels. They both receive precipitation with pH as low as 4.7. Acid deposition endangers forests, lakes and agriculture. No single storm or event can cause all this remarkable damage. Rather, the effects of acid rain occur as a slow and continuous process.

83. Acid Rain Links acid rain Links. Back to SWOOPE Homepage. Student Activities and BackgroundMaterials Increasing Damage to Norway's Rivers European http://www.madison.k12.wi.us/stugeon/links.htm

Acid Rain Links Back to SWOOPE Homepage Student Activities and Background Materials Increasing Damage to Norway's Rivers European Forests Damaged by Acid Rain ... Biological Sciences Acid Rain Study - Sam Houston State

84. NWC - PH Of Precipitation Office, Illinois State Water Survey, 2204 Griffith Drive, Champaign,IL 61880. Online data and reports on acid rain Student Resources http://water.usgs.gov/nwc/NWC/pH/html/ph.html

National Water Conditions U.S. Geological Survey Environment Canada Climate Information Branch pH of Precipitation for November 26, - December 23, 2001 Current pH data shown on the map ( 4.9) are precipitation-weighted means caculated from preliminary laboratory results provided by the NADP/NTN Central Analytical Laboratory at the Illinois State Water Survey and are subject to change. The 190 points ( ) shown on this map represent all sites which were in operation during the reporting period.A notation of D instead of a pH value at a site indicates that there was no precipitation; a notation of M indicates that data for the site did not meet preliminary screening criteria for this provisional report. A list of the approximately 190 sites comprising the total Network and additional data for the sites are available from the NADP/NTN Coordination Office, Illinois State Water Survey, 2204 Griffith Drive, Champaign, IL 61880. On-line data and reports on acid rain Student Resources Animation Index Change from Previous Month ... U.S. Department of the Interior

85. Acid Rain Research acid rain Research. http://www.accessexcellence.org/AE/AEC/AEF/1995/jones_rain.html

Acid Rain Research By Connie Jones Type of activity: Hands on activity Group/cooperative learning Inquiry lab Target audience: Life Science Biology Environmental studies Objectives: Engage students in real-life, relevant research experiences Develop problem solving and communication skills Emphasize the importance for the acquisition of skills and learning which will prepare students for the workforce of the future Abstract I am a part of a team of teachers who are directing student research projects on acid deposition in the southern Appalachian mountains. As a teaching team, we have been able to develop an interdisciplinary approach. We use the outdoor research laboratory as a common theme allowing classes of different science curriculum specialties to conduct research and share results. Three classes are involved: Environmental Science Earth Science and Advanced Chemistry. Students conduct research through a variety of hands on activities: They design an experiment and identify important variables. They identify research study areas.

86. Acid Rain's Effect On Plants And Wildlife acid rain's effect on plants and wildlife. Almost everybody has heard about acidrain and knows that it is something bad. acid rain effects plants wildlife. http://ks.essortment.com/acidraineffect_rqmz.htm

Acid rain's effect on plants and wildlife Almost everybody has heard about acid rain and knows that it is something bad. But what exactly is it? What are its effects on plants, animals, human beings, and what can be done to solve this problem? The term acid rain does not convey the true nature of the problem and therefore scientists use the term "acid depositions". This is because the acid which has formed due to pollution may return to the earth as a solid or a gas and not just as rain. Depending upon the climatic conditions it could also come down as rain, fog, or snow, and in the wet form it is known as "acid precipitation". bodyOffer(18157) Sources Certain industries, as well as emissions from vehicles give rise to increase of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides in the air. These emissions change into sulphates and nitrates under the influence of sunlight and moisture, and get converted into sulphuric acid and nitric acid, which come down as acid rain. Coal generally contains between 2 - 3 % sulphur, and when it is burned, this sulphur is released into the atmosphere. Electric companies and other industries which burn coal cause a lot of emission of sulphur dioxide. Other industries which process raw ore containing sulphides in order to obtain copper, zinc, or nickel also cause an increase in sulphur dioxide levels in the atmosphere. The major source of emissions of nitrogen oxides into the air, is from vehicles and other places where fossil fuels are burned. Forest fires, often caused by man, either deliberately or accidentally, are another source of pollution.

87. Effects Of Acid Rain Effects of acid rain acid rain can cause some serious problems. If acid raincontinues, we will witness the death of our treasured bodies of water. http://www-personal.umich.edu/~gtdeo/areffects.html

88. Acid Rain acid rain The Poison That Falls From the Sky. Introduction Causes of acid rain.Effects of acid rain. Other Where acid rain is the Worst. Legislation. http://www-personal.umich.edu/~gtdeo/acidrain.html

89. Resources For Middle School Science--3.5-- Acid Rain. 3.5 acid rain. Module 2.7. They also simulate the formation of acid rainby dissolving gases in water, which yields acidic solutions. http://www.nap.edu/readingroom/books/rtmss/3.5.html

PREVIOUS ENTRY Acid Rain SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS NEXT ENTRY Acid Rain Acid Rain. Module 2.7. Foundations and Challenges to Encourage Technology-based Science (FACETS) series. Developed by American Chemical Society (Washington, D.C.). Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/Hunt, 1996. Program Overview The Foundations and Challenges to Encourage Technology-based Science (FACETS) program consists of 3 series of 8 modules each for grades 6-8. Each module focuses on a topic in the life, earth, or physical sciences. The time needed to complete FACETS modules varies from 2 to 4 weeks. Each module consists of a student book and a teacher's guide. Student Edition Recommended grade level: In the module Acid Rain, students gain an appreciation for the complexity of the issues surrounding acid rainwhere it comes from, how it can be studied, what effects it has on the environment, and what is being done about it. Students begin the module by conducting library research to find out as much as possible about acid rain; then they share their information among groups. They work with the pH scale to see how it can be used as a tool for measuring acidity, and they investigate the long-term effects of acid rain on building materials such as steel and limestone. They also simulate the formation of acid rain by dissolving gases in water, which yields acidic solutions. Students then plan and begin to implement a long-term study on acid rain in their area. In the final activity, they present the findings from their study in the form of a poster, a video, or a newsletter that would be helpful and clear to the general public.

90. Resources For Middle School Science--3.4-- Acid Rain. PREVIOUS ENTRY There Is No Away, Environmental Science Opening Page SUPPLEMENTARYMATERIALS, NEXT ENTRY acid rain. 3.4 acid rain. acid rain,. http://www.nap.edu/readingroom/books/rtmss/3.4.html

PREVIOUS ENTRY There Is No Away SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS NEXT ENTRY Acid Rain Acid Rain. Colin Hocking, Jacqueline Barber, and Jan Coonrod. Reprinted with revisions. Great Explorations in Math and Science (GEMS) series. Berkeley, Calif.: Lawrence Hall of Science, 1994. Program Overview The Great Explorations in Math and Science (GEMS) series includes more than 50 teacher's guides and handbooks for preschool through grade 10. About 35 of these are appropriate for middle school. The series also includes several assembly presenter's guides and exhibit guides. New guides and handbooks continue to be developed, and current titles are revised frequently. The series is designed to teach key science and mathematics concepts through activity-based learning. The time needed to complete GEMS units varies from about 2 to 10 class sessions. Teacher's Guide Recommended grade level: Acid Rain focuses on an important environmental issue, fostering scientific inquiry and critical-thinking skills through varied activity formats. Students develop a working knowledge of the pH scale by measuring the pH of everyday solutions, they make "fake lakes" and determine how the pH changes after an acid-rain storm, and they investigate the effect of buffering to reduce the acidity of lakes. In other activities, students conduct a plant-growth experiment to determine the effect of various dilutions of acid on seed germination, present a play focusing on the effects of acid rain on aquatic life, play a "startling statements" game, and hold a town meeting to discuss possible solutions to the problem of acid rain. The unit provides students with much information on acid rain, encourages them to analyze complex environmental issues, and illustrates interrelationships of science, technology, and society.

91. Feature Article: Environmental Externalities In Electric Power Markets: Acid Rai This feature article is entitled Feature Article Environmental Externalities inElectric Power Markets acid rain, Urban Ozone, and Climate Change. acid rain. http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/pubs_html/rea/feature1.html

Home Renewables Environmental Externalities in Electric Power Markets: Acid Rain, Urban Ozone, and Climate Change Feature Article Environmental Externalities in Electric Power Markets: Acid Rain, Urban Ozone, and Climate Change by John Carlin Abstract The central theme of the 1991 National Energy Strategy, developed by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), was to secure "a more efficient, less vulnerable, and environmentally sustainable energy future." Also, the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT) required DOE to develop a least-cost national energy strategy that considers the economic, energy, environmental, and social costs of various energy technologies. Many observers argue that this requires incorporating all environmental costs of energy production, including the generation of electric power, in the costs of energy. When these costs are not captured by the marketplace, government involvement at the Federal, State, or local level may be proposed to "internalize" them in electric power prices. This article discusses the emissions resulting from the generation of electricity by utilities and their role in contributing to the environmental problems of acid rain, urban ozone, and climate change. It then discusses the general concept of environmental externalities and assesses the means that have been devised to ameliorate them. The article analyzes the emissions-control requirements for electric utilities of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 (CAAA)

92. Monitoring Acid Rain Youth Program MONITORING acid rain YOUTH PROGRAM http://www.utsc.utoronto.ca/~weather/maryp/

MONITORING ACID RAIN YOUTH PROGRAM MARYP Page at Trent MARYP Page at Scarborough E-mail inquiries to: Jim Karagatzides at Trent University William Gough at the University of Toronto

93. ICONnect: FAQs - Acid Rain Q What is acid rain? What causes it and how can it be prevented?A Hi! Thank you for your question about acid rain. There is http://www.ala.org/ICONN/KCFAQ/acidrain.html

Frequently Asked Question: Acid Rain Q: What is acid rain? What causes it and how can it be prevented? A : Hi! Thank you for your question about acid rain. There is a lot of good information on the Internet on this topic. I found some Web sites by going to Yahoo! ( www.yahoo.com ) and typing "acid rain" as my search term. It brought me to a list of sites on acid rain at: http://www.yahoo.com/Society_and_Culture/Environment_and_Nature/Pollution/Acid_Rain/ I found some other sites by going to Alta Vista altavista.digital.com and typing: "what is acid rain" Here are some good sites to start with: Student Resources - EPA Acid Rain Program http://www.epa.gov/docs/acidrain/student/student2.html This page is from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. It has very clear explanations of acidity, acid rain, effects of acid rain, and what can be done to stop it. It even has some experiments and activities for kids to do to learn more about acid rain. ACID RAIN - INTRODUCTION http://qlink.queensu.ca/~4lrm4/effect2.htm#acid_rain_definition This page has a definition of acid rain and answers to questions like "what causes acid rain?" and "what are the effects of acid rain?" It is written at a more advanced level than the EPA site, so you may need an adult to help you understand it. It also has information on the effects of acid rain on lakes and aquatic ecosystems, trees and soils, humans, etc. Acid Rain FAQ http://www.ns.ec.gc.ca/aeb/ssd/acid/acidfaq.html

94. Project SWOOPE - Acid Rain Introduction Project SWOOPE Web Site. acid rain Study Introduction. Project SWOOPE AcidRain Monarch Watch. Final Map of acid rain in USA from Spring 1998 Study. http://www.wvu.edu/~ruralnet/pswoope/acid/

Project SWOOPE Web Site Acid Rain Study Introduction Project SWOOPE Acid Rain Monarch Watch Project SWOOPE is recruiting now for a month long study beginning XX. To enroll send an e-mail message to Kanawha@ aol.com with your name, school, city, state (country) and ZIP (If US). Final Map of Acid Rain in USA from Spring 1998 Study Final Map of Acid Rain in EASTERN USA from Spring 1998 Study Final Map of Acid Rain in West Virginia, USA, from Spring 1998 Study What is Project SWOOPE Acid Rain? Students Watching Over Our Planet Earth (SWOOPE) will once again offer a month-long fall acid rain/snow study (beginning Oct. 13). This is the seventh such study; schools from all 50 states and more than a dozen foreign countries have participated. The project requires virtually no class time (materials are available for those who wish to develop more involved studies). Schools may use any method of measuring pH. Participants report their findings at the end of each week and get weekly reports with data from around the world. They also receive a final report from all schools, including color-coded maps. There is no charge for participating. Project is open to all grades. To enroll and get further details on the project, e-mail

95. Newton's Apple: Teacher's Guides Peggy travels to the Wolf Ridge Environmental Learning Center to learn aboutacid rain. Teacher's Guides Index. acid rain. What causes acid rain? http://www.ktca.org/newtons/9/acdrain.html

Peggy travels to the Wolf Ridge Environmental Learning Center to learn about acid rain. Teacher's Guides Index ACID RAIN What causes acid rain? How does acid rain damage the environment? Is acid rain harmful to people? How does the acid get in the rain? Is there any way to stop the damage it causes? DISCUSSION Acid rain is considered by many people to be one of the most serious environmental problems of our time. It is a global problem that is gradually affecting our world. The term acid rain was coined by Angus Smith when he wrote about industrial pollution in England. Some rain is naturally acidic because of the carbon dioxide (CO2) in air that dissolves with rain water and forms a weak acid. This kind of acid in rain is actually beneficial because it helps dissolves minerals in the soil that both plants and animals need.

96. PA DEP BAQ - Acid Rain And Mercury In Rain - Home Page The purpose of this program is to determine how much acid rain isfalling in Pennsylvania for environmental assessment purposes. http://www.dep.state.pa.us/dep/deputate/airwaste/aq/acidrain/acidrain.htm

Site Navigation Business Cars/Trucks Monitoring ... Mercury Links Monitoring Pollutants in Rain The DEP, under cooperative agreement with the Penn State , has maintained the Pennsylvania Atmospheric Deposition Monitoring Network (PADMN) since 1981. The purpose of this program is to determine how much acid rain is falling in Pennsylvania for environmental assessment purposes. Parameters monitored include pH, sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, chloride, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, and specific conductance. Starting in 1997, measurements of the amount of mercury in rain were made as part of the National Atmospheric Deposition Program - Mercury Deposition Network ( NADP-MDN The DEP currently supports nine acid rain and six mercury monitoring sites in Pennsylvania. Acid Rain Information Acid rain has been in the headlines for a number of years. It's effects on forests and soils, streams and lakes, fish and other organisms, materials, and human health have been well documented. Title IV of the Clean Air Act has successfully reduced two of the major pollutants that cause acid rain that are emitted from large stationary sources. But more needs to done before the environment can recover. Atmospheric Deposition: Spatial and Temporal Variations in Pennsylvania - 2001 - Contains actual numbers on Pennsylvania's acidic rainfall including a section on the "Effectiveness of the

97. Water Pollution acid rain. acid rain. The biggest source of the 'acid rain' chemicalsthat pollute the atmosphere is the burning of fossil fuels. http://www.zephryus.demon.co.uk/geography/resources/environ/acid.html

Acid Rain Acid rain All rain is slightly acidic, but the term Acid Rain is used to describe rain that has mixed with a range of industrial pollutants and become far more acidic that it could normally become. Air borne pollutants such as sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and assorted hydrocarbons react in the air with sunlight and water to form nitric acid, sulphuric acid and assorted other mineral acids and ammonium salts. The resultant acidic water can be carried thousands of miles by the wind before it falls to earth as rain, snow, fog or as dry particles which settle out due to gravity. The biggest source of the 'acid rain' chemicals that pollute the atmosphere is the burning of fossil fuels. Fossil fuels were created from organic ( animal and plant ) material that died millions of years ago. The original material was full of carbon, and it's decay created sulphur, so the coal, oil and gas we burn today are rich in hydrocarbons and sulphur. We burn these fuels in power stations to make electricity, in factories and oil refineries to make plastics and similar products, and in our vehicles which produce huge amounts of nitrogen and carbon gasses.

98. USATODAY.com - Frequently Asked Questions: Air Pollution, Acid Rain Frequently asked questions Air pollution, acid rain. Q Why aren't air qualityreports included in your current weather reports? Q What is acid rain? http://www.usatoday.com/weather/resources/askjack/wfaqair.htm

Home News Money Sports ... Weather Inside the Basics Basics home Graphics, photos Storms, fronts Climate change ... Health effects Site Web Click here to get the Daily Briefing in your inbox 11/26/2001 - Updated 04:55 PM ET Frequently asked questions: Air pollution, acid rain Q: Why aren't air quality reports included in your current weather reports? Are current air quality reports available anywhere else? A: Air quality is measured by state and local offices, unlike weather, which is observed and reported by the National Weather Service. Currently, no agency collects and reports air quality data for the entire U.S. or other parts of the world. But, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has links on its Web site to Web sites of states that post air quality data on the Web and not all cities or regions are included.. Click here to go to the U.S. EPA site. Q: Where can I find general information about air quality? A The U.S. EPA has an Air now Web site with links to general information about air quality, including general background information and health information. Q: I have health problems that are made worse by air pollution. How do I find a place to live that has clean air.

99. Miljøstatus Norge - Sur Nedbør Tilbake til alle indikatorer Link EcoNet's acid rain resources http://www.grida.no/soeno95/acidrain/acidrain.htm

GRID-Arendal: Foto: Mark Harris, USA I Norge stammer mesteparten av det sure nedfallet fra utslipp av SO2- og NOx i Storbritannia, Sentral-Europa og Russland. 86 % av nitrogenedfallet og 95 % av svovelnedfallet i Norge skyldes disse langtransporterte luftforurensningene. Utvasking av mineraler fra berggrunn [Indicators: Utslipp av SO2 og NOx Lagring og effekt Politisk respons Tilbake til alle indikatorer Link: EcoNet's acid rain resources

100. Does Acid Rain Hurt Your Car? Information concerning acid rain and its affect on automobiles, especiallythe paint. Does acid rain Hurt your Car? by John Berlau. acid rain http://www.consumeralert.org/issues/enviro/acidrain.htm

Does Acid Rain Hurt your Car? by John Berlau *Reprinted withe permission from Consumers Research Magazine "Acid rain ... can be just as damaging to a car finish as stones, bird droppings, and treesap," declares an article on car repair in Home Mechanix magazine."Chemicals in acid rain react with paint to form sulfuric and nitric acids, which causecratering and etching in clear-coat finishes. Acid-rain damage can easily chop $1,000 off yourcar's value at trade-in time." Similar claims are made in commercials for car wax, polish, and other paint-care products. Meguiar's even sells an Acid Rain Correction Cream. But according to a participant in the largeststudy ever conducted on the effects of acid rain, these claims lack scientific evidence. "The causal relationship between acid rain and paint damage is not substantiated, at leastnot by anything that I've seen," said Walter Warnick, a deputy director at the Department of Energy's Office of Energy Research. Warnick supervised research on acid rain's effects on paints for a 10-year study by the National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP), a $500million task force of scientific experts from the DOE, the Department of Interior, and the Environmental Protection Agency. The NAPAP study, completed in 1990, found that acid rain caused little damage to lakes forests,and the environment in general and no damage to most paint finishes. The study examined acid rain's effects on paint on wood, which is more acid-sensitive than paint on metal objects, such as cars. In a comparison with painted wood exposed to non-acidic water, there were no higher rates of decay from acid rain except for the lowest-quality paint, and even there, Warnick said" the effect on exposed wood surfaces was extremely slow."

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