21. Carbon-14 Dating carbon14 dating,. also called RADIOCARBON DATING, method of age determinationthat depends upon the decay to nitrogen of radiocarbon (carbon-14). http://search.eb.com/nobel/micro/104_33.html

carbon-14 dating, also called RADIOCARBON DATING, method of age determination that depends upon the decay to nitrogen of radiocarbon (carbon-14). Carbon-14 is continually formed in nature by the interaction of neutrons with nitrogen-14 in the Earth's atmosphere; the neutrons required for this reaction are produced by cosmic rays interacting with the atmosphere. Radiocarbon present in molecules of atmospheric carbon dioxide enters the biological carbon cycle: it is absorbed from the air by green plants and then passed on to animals through the food chain. Radiocarbon decays slowly in a living organism, and the amount lost is continually replenished as long as the organism takes in air or food. Once the organism dies, however, it ceases to absorb carbon-14, so that the amount of the radiocarbon in its tissues steadily decreases. Carbon-14 has a half-life of 5,730 +/-40 years i.e. , half the amount of the radioisotope present at any given time will undergo spontaneous disintegration during the succeeding 5,730 years. Because carbon-14 decays at this constant rate, an estimate of the date at which an organism died can be made by measuring the amount of its residual radiocarbon. The carbon-14 method was developed by the American physicist Willard F. Libby

22. PBS - Secrets Of The Dead carbon14 dating The blue bar in the timeline above represents a period of timein which some scientists believe the volcano known as Krakatoa could have http://www.pbs.org/wnet/secrets/html/e1-search-ca0.html

Carbon-14 Dating: The blue bar in the timeline above represents a period of time in which some scientists believe the volcano known as Krakatoa could have erupted. How were scientists able to gather this sort of data? The answer lies in the atoms of organic matter. Click the next button below to learn more about carbon-14 dating and what it can tell us about the past.

23. A Science Odyssey: People And Discoveries: Libby Introduces Radiocarbon Dating For his work on carbon14 dating, Libby received the Nobel Prize inchemistry in 1960. Related Features You Try It Human Evolution. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/do47ra.html

Libby introduces radiocarbon dating In 1940 Martin Kamen discovered radioactive carbon-14 (an isotope of carbon) and found that it had a half-life of about 5,700 years. Scientists had also found that some of the nitrogen in the atmosphere was turned into carbon-14 when hit with cosmic rays. Thus, an equilibrium was reached, the newly formed carbon-14 replacing the carbon-14 that decayed, so that there was always a small amount in the atmosphere. In 1947 American chemist Willard Libby (1908-1980) figured that plants would absorb some of this trace carbon-14 while they absorbed ordinary carbon in photosynthesis. Once the plant died, of course, it couldn't absorb any more carbon of any kind, and the carbon-14 it contained would decay at its usual rate without being replaced. By finding the concentration of carbon-14 left in the remains of a plant, you could calculate the amount of time since the plant had died. With this technique scientists could determine the age of plant-based artifacts wood, parchment, textiles up to 45,000 years old. This has allowed estimates of the age of Egyptian mummies, prehistoric dwellings, and so forth. For his work on carbon-14 dating, Libby received the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1960.

24. Howstuffworks "How Carbon-14 Dating Works" How carbon14 dating Works. carbon-14 dating Calculator; Carbon Dating;The Radiometric Dating Game; A Science Odyssey The Dating Game; http://people.howstuffworks.com/carbon-143.htm

ComputerStuff AutoStuff ElectronicsStuff ScienceStuff ... PeopleStuff Categories Earth Science Engineering Life Science Physical Science ... Gas Turbine Engines Sponsored By: Explore Stuff Big List of Articles Get the Newsletter Shop or Compare Prices Orbitz - Plan a Trip! ... Earth Science How Carbon-14 Dating Works by Marshall Brain Introduction to How Carbon-14 Dating Works How Carbon-14 is Made Dating a Fossil ... Shop or Compare Prices Lots More Information! Related How Stuff Works articles: How Nuclear Radiation Works How a Nuclear Power Plant Works How Nuclear Medicine Works How a Nuclear Bomb Works ... How Radon Works Other interesting links: Layers of a Lake Refine Carbon Dating Answer Geek - Guess Its Age U.S. Geological Survey: Carbon-14 ages from East Maui volcano, Maui, Hawaii U.S. Geological Survey: Carbon-14 Technique ... U.S. Geological Survey's Publication "Geotime" About the Author Craig C. Freudenrich, Ph.D. is senior editor of science, medicine and the human body for How Stuff Works. Prev Page Intro HSW Home Table of Contents: Introduction to How Carbon-14 Dating Works How Carbon-14 is Made Dating a Fossil Shop or Compare Prices ... Rate this Article!

25. Giem, P. --- Carbon-14 Dating Models And Experimental Implications carbon14 dating MODELS AND EXPERIMENTAL IMPLICATIONS. Paul Giem, MA, MD Loma Linda,California. Any model of carbon-14 dating must satisfy certain constraints. http://www.grisda.org/origins/24050.htm

CARBON-14 DATING MODELS AND EXPERIMENTAL IMPLICATIONS Paul Giem, M.A., M.D. Loma Linda, California Origins WHAT THIS ARTICLE IS ABOUT Eight categories of models for converting carbon-14 dates into real time are discussed. Six of these models are based on a creation as described in Genesis and a short age of life on earth. Differences between the models are specified, especially those that are subject to experimental testing. Such features include (1) differences between ring years and radiocarbon years in trees that should be immediately postdiluvian by creationist theories, (2) the accuracy, or lack thereof, of the dendrochronological radiocarbon calibration curve in the historical era, and (3) the possible existence of carbon-14 in antediluvian fossil material. Suggestions are offered for experimental projects that would resolve these uncertainties. In this paper I will discuss eight categories of carbon-14 models and their experimental implications. Six, or three-quarters of these, are creationist models. The purpose of this paper is to stimulate thinking and to argue for an experimental perspective. CONSTRAINTS Any model of carbon-14 dating must satisfy certain constraints. First, since carbon-14 dating is objective and reproducible, it cannot be ignored. One cannot simply dismiss it out of hand; there should be an explanatory model for the data. Second, it has been validated at least back to 300 B.C. by comparison with many other reliable dating methods.

26. Carbon-14 Dating (1/1238) (Steven B. Harris) In 434oo6$q8e@gap.cco.caltech.edu carl@SOL1.GPS.CALTECH.EDU (Carl J Lydick) writes = 2. Nature, volume 225, March 7, 1970, reported a carbon = 14 test was http://yarchive.net/physics/carbon14.html

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27. Chemistry 210 - W99 - Carbon Isotopes And Carbon-14 Dating MU Chemistry 210 - WS99 IAE on Carbon Isotopes and on carbon-14 dating.Review Techniques. Try out the carbon-14 dating Calculator. http://www.missouri.edu/~chemrg/210w99/IAE_14C.html

MU - Chemistry 210 - WS99 IAE on Carbon Isotopes and on Carbon-14 Dating Review the WebElements and learn that there are more isotopes of carbon than just the ones with mass 12, 13 and 14. View both the entries to "Naturally Occuring Isotopes" and to "Radioactive Isotopes". Read the entry on Radicarbon Dating in Compton's Encyclopedia. Not that this site offers interesting links including one to Willard Frank Libby. For a detailed look at Radiocarbon Dating check out the site on Dating Techniques . Try out the Carbon-14 Dating Calculator

28. Carbon-14 Dating Slide 13 of 13 Notes The figure shows how Carbon14 decays. By matchingpatterns of ring growth in wood samples, and correlating http://fermi.bgsu.edu/~stoner/P202/nucltr/sld013.htm

Slide 13 of 13 Notes: The figure shows how Carbon-14 decays. By matching patterns of ring growth in wood samples, and correlating those with carbon-14 activity, the proportion of carbon-14 to carbon-12 in living material can be traced back tens of thousands of years, producing a very accurate way to measure the age of old organic materials that were living material when the tree rings were formed.

29. Carbon-14 Dating carbon14 dating. Carbon-14 is produced at a constant rate in Earth’s atmosphereand is in a fixed ratio to Carbon-12 in living plants and animals. http://fermi.bgsu.edu/~stoner/P202/nucltr/tsld013.htm

Carbon-14 Dating Carbon-14 is produced at a constant rate in Earth’s atmosphere and is in a fixed ratio to Carbon-12 in living plants and animals. Ratio of Carbon-14 to Carbon-12 in organic material (like wood, leather, cloth, antlers) decreases by half every 5730 yrs. Previous slide Back to first slide View graphic version Notes: The figure shows how Carbon-14 decays. By matching patterns of ring growth in wood samples, and correlating those with carbon-14 activity, the proportion of carbon-14 to carbon-12 in living material can be traced back tens of thousands of years, producing a very accurate way to measure the age of old organic materials that were living material when the tree rings were formed.

30. BYU Professors Differ With Creationist On Evolution And Carbon-14 Dating ldsmormon.com. Y professors differ with creationist on evolution and carbon-14dating. carbon-14 dating is another subject the scientists disagreed on. http://www.lds-mormon.com/evolutn1.shtml

Search the Web. Type it and go! Y professors differ with creationist on evolution and carbon-14 dating By DEGAN JOHN KETTLES Universe Staff Writer Although most members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints believe in the biblical account of the world's creation , BYU professors say LDS views differ significantly from the beliefs of a religious movement called creationism. In a recent creationism conference at Victory Baptist Church in Orem, Dr. Don White of Montana State University refuted evolution based on beliefs that no intermediary stages between animals have been found, that carbon-14 dating is not accurate and that evolutionist theories are actually a religion. Creationism, according to writer Isaac Asimov , is a belief system that is based upon unshakable faith in a literal interpretation of all the words of the Bible. White reflected creationist beliefs stating that he believed in the Genesis, not the human, account of history. Some BYU zoology professors disagree with White's basic reasons for refuting evolution. "We see macroevolution (an evolution from one species to another) very clearly in the

31. Carbon-14 Dating carbon14 dating. The radioactive decay of Carbon-14 can be used to datecertain kinds of historical objects. How accurate is carbon-14 dating? http://www.northallertoncoll.org.uk/Physics/Learning Resources/Module 5/Nuclear

Carbon-14 dating The radioactive decay of Carbon-14 can be used to date certain kinds of historical objects. You should use the World Wide Web to investigate the science behind this method and write up your findings. You might like to start with the following sites: http://c14.sci.waikato.ac.nz/webinfo/k12.html http://tqd.advanced.org/3471/general_applications.html You should attempt to find answers to the following questions: What isotopes of Carbon are there? Where does Carbon-14 come from? How does Carbon-14 decay? What ages of objects can usefully be dated by the Carbon-14 method? How accurate is Carbon-14 dating? What kind of objects can be dated with this method? Why does the method not work for other kinds of objects?

32. :::. Carbon-14 Dating .:::. Shroud Of Turin .:::. Mysteries Of Bible .:::. CODE More Links . Code10 » Mysteries of Bible » Shroudof Turin » carbon14 dating. . carbon-14 dating, Code BM02. http://www11.brinkster.com/code10v2/bible/main/shroud/c14_dating.html

Myth and Mystery More Links: .:: Carbon-14 Dating [Code: BM02] Carbon 14 is a radioactive isotope of carbon. The process by which the carbon-14 is made, when cosmic rays knock neutrons out of atomic nuclei in the upper atmosphere. These displaced neutrons, now moving fast, hit ordinary nitrogen (N-14) at lower altitudes, converting it into C-14. Unlike common carbon (C-12), C-14 is unstable and slowly decays, changing it back to nitrogen and releasing energy. This instability makes it radioactive. Land plants, such as trees, get their carbon from carbon dioxide in the air. So, some fraction of their carbon is C14. The same is true of any creature that gets its carbon by eating such plants. We can measure this in living things today.

33. Search For The Truth - Changing The World With The Evidence For For instance, carbon14 dating assumes that there has never been a major shift inthe total biomatter on our planet and that the C-14 generation rate has never http://www.searchforthetruth.org/iv_8.htm

34. Carbon-14 Dating Definition A general method used for dating things in the natural world is to Oneof the most common and most well known of these isotopes is Carbon14. http://atheism.about.com/library/glossary/evolution/bldef_carbon14.htm

zfp=-1 About Agnosticism/Atheism Search in this topic on About on the Web in Products Web Hosting Agnosticism/Atheism with Austin Cline Your Guide to one of hundreds of sites Home Articles Forums ... Help zmhp('style="color:#fff"') Subjects ESSENTIALS Skepticism, Philosophy, Logic, Fallacies Church / State Separation Evolution vs. Creationism ... All articles on this topic Stay up-to-date! Subscribe to our newsletter. Advertising Free Credit Report Free Psychics Advertisement c-decay Back to Last Page Glossary Index Related Terms creationism Definition: A general method used for dating things in the natural world is to measure the level of radioactive isotopes still contained in them. Radioactive isotopes decay over time, so the older something is the less of those isoptopes researchers will be able to find. One of the most common and most well known of these isotopes is Carbon-14. Use of this, however, is limited to relatively young items of only a few thousand years because, when compared to other elements, it decays quickly. A failure to understand this leads some creationists to believe that the method as a whole is flawed. Also Known As: none Alternate Spellings: none Common Misspellings: none Related Resources: Is evolution a science? Is creationism a science? What is science? Is there evidence for either? Religious fundamentalists often attack evolution, but rarely from a positions of really understanding what evolution is and how it works. This FAQ will not only teach you more about the nature of evolution and evolutionary theory, but it will also explain some of the more common complaints and where they go wrong.

35. Form For Carbon-14 Dating UU Home Information Research Staff Tools Links Events Reprints Here you can download a form for carbon14 dating http://www.angstrom.uu.se/ionphysics/C14-blankett.html

UU Home Information Research Staff Tools ... Reprints Here you can download a form for Carbon-14 dating: provblankett.pdf (Adobe Acrobat) provblankett.doc (Microsoft Word) In order to save the form on you hard disk press left mouse button over the file name and choose "Save as..." WebMaster Uppsala University Ion Physics

36. Radioactivity: Carbon-14 Dating 14 6 C 14 7 N + 0 -1 e + 0 0 neutrino is the nuclear scheme forso-called carbon-14 dating. How can this process be used to http://einstein.byu.edu/~masong/HTMstuff/C24Q2.html

C -> N + e + neutrino is the nuclear scheme for so-called carbon-14 dating. How can this process be used to measure the ages of ancient artifacts? Press the CONTINUE button above to generate true or false statements about the above situation and question. Then choose TRUE or FALSE by clicking below. Press CONTINUE again to generate the next statement. TRUE FALSE Click to see contents of the TRUE list (and additional help). Click to see contents of the FALSE list (and additional help). Click here to return to the Table of Contents Finis A HREF="falseC21Q1.html">Click to see contents of the FALSE list (and additional help).

37. East National Park: Carbon-14 Dating Radio Carbon Analysis. Object, Identification , Radiocarbon Age, CalibratedResults 95%, Intercept Data . Gourd, PNE01-A-0060, 940+_30 http://www.indiana.edu/~r424park/dr/describe/carbon.html

Radio Carbon Analysis Object Identification # Radiocarbon Age Calibrated Results: 95% Intercept Data # Gourd PNE-01-A-0060 940+_30 BP cal AD 1020 to 1180 cal AD 1045,1105,1115 ... Underwater Science Program 1998, The Trustees of Indiana University

38. Carbon-14 Dating carbon14 dating. Parent, Daughter, Half-Life. Carbon-14, Nitrogen-14, 5730years. carbon-14 dating is important in archeology. Archeologists http://lilt.ics.hawaii.edu/belvedere/materials/Mass-Extinctions/C14date.htm

Carbon-14 Dating Parent Daughter Half-Life Carbon-14 Nitrogen-14 5730 years Carbon-14 dating is important in archeology. Archeologists use counts of the radioactive isotope C-14 to date organic remains such as wood, bone, and charcoal. It's usable in the range of about 50,000 years to the present. Here's why it works: Living animals (and people!) absorb all the isotopes of carbon. They absorb the unstable isotope Carbon-14, as well as the stable isotopes C-13 and C-12. Carbon-14 decays into N-14 continuously. After an organism's death, C-14 continues to decay but no new C-14 is added. So measuring the amount of C-14 left tells you how long ago the organism lived and died. Since the half-life of C-14 is relatively short, ancient remains have very little C-14. Carbon-14 dating isn't so useful for geologists and paleontologists, because the objects they're interested in are usually much, much older than 50,000 years. Dating with other radioisotopes is very useful for geologists and paleontologists.

39. Y Professors Differ With Creationist On Evolution And Carbon-14 Dating Type it and go! Y professors differ with creationist on evolution and carbon14dating. carbon-14 dating is another subject the scientists disagreed on. http://www.2think.org/evolutn1.shtml

Search the Web. Type it and go! Y professors differ with creationist on evolution and carbon-14 dating and a letter to the editor that disagrees with the BYU zoology professors By DEGAN JOHN KETTLES Universe Staff Writer Although most members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints believe in the biblical account of the world's creation , BYU professors say LDS views differ significantly from the beliefs of a religious movement called creationism. In a recent creationism conference at Victory Baptist Church in Orem, Dr. Don White of Montana State University refuted evolution based on beliefs that no intermediary stages between animals have been found, that carbon-14 dating is not accurate and that evolutionist theories are actually a religion. Creationism, according to writer Isaac Asimov , is a belief system that is based upon unshakable faith in a literal interpretation of all the words of the Bible. White reflected creationist beliefs stating that he believed in the Genesis, not the human, account of history. Some BYU zoology professors disagree with White's basic reasons for refuting evolution.

40. Carbon 14: Contamination the sample. In the case of carbon14 dating, the daughter productis ordinary nitrogen and plays no role in the dating process. http://www.infidels.org/library/modern/dave_matson/young-earth/carbon-14/contami

Library Modern Documents Dave Matson Young Earth ... Carbon 14 : Contamination Dr. Hovind (R4): It is very difficult or impossible to prove that a given sample has not been contaminated. Parent or daughter products could have leached in or out of the sample. In the case of carbon-14 dating, the daughter product is ordinary nitrogen and plays no role in the dating process. We are only interested in tallying the original C-14 still present in the sample, the surviving "parent" isotope. The C-14 that is incorporated in the carbon structure of cellulose and the other structural materials of living plants and animals is not going to do much migrating after burial. If structural carbon migrated easily there soon wouldn't be any cellulose, lignin, chitin (or other structural carbon compounds) left in the soil! A piece of wood, for example, would soon turn into a formless cloud of graphite or soot in the soil, with perhaps a little ash marking the original shape! Clearly, that is not something which normally happens. Residues or solutions which do migrate can usually be washed out of the structural matrix of the sample with various chemicals. To put it another way, we might imagine a piece of buried wood as being something like a sponge. Any carbon-containing liquid originally possessed by that sponge might well seep away over time, to be replaced by something else. However, unless the sponge itself disintegrates, the carbon which holds its fibers together must stay put. Thus, by choosing a sample that is structurally intact, one may rule out any significant

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