21. National Association For Cave Diving National Association For Cave Diving based in Florida, USA.Category Recreation Outdoors Speleology Cave Diving...... management of cave diving sites, and stress in cave diving, and promotes scientificendeavors relative to archeology, cave geology, geology, hydrology and http://www.safecavediving.com/

"If I can save but one life, then it has all been worth it ......." Judy Bauer, Former NACD General Manager Home Upcoming Events Contact Us News ... Links Deadline for next journal April 15, 2003! Telford Cleanup to Be Rescheduled History - 1968 Brand New! North Central Florida Flooding! Next two Events: BOD Meeting National Association for Cave Diving P.O. Box 14492 Gainesville, FL 32604 1-888-565-NACD (6223) The NACD was established in 1968 for the purpose of achieving safer cave diving through training and education (Read more about the creation of the NACD). As a pioneer in cave training, education, exploration and research, the NACD has the following goals: To establish and maintain current guidelines in the form of physical and psychological standards, as well as equipment and techniques necessary for safe cave diving. To encourage education and distribution of safe cave diving information throughout the facilities of the organization and to provide a program of education and advanced training essential for safe cave diving. To achieve closer cooperation and understanding among members of the cave and recreational diving communities (and the general public) so they may work together toward the common goal of increasing safety in cavern and cave diving.

22. Horne Lake Caves School cave geology Programs. Hands On Learning . Our cave geology InterpretiveProgram is designed specifically to complement school curriculums. http://www.hornelake.com/cavetour.htm

Horne Lake Caves Provincial Park School Cave Geology Programs "Hands - On Learning" Come and experience one of Vancouver Island's most outstanding natural wonders. Our Cave Geology Interpretive Program is designed specifically to complement school curriculums. Students explore the geologic history of underground caverns, amazing crystal formations, and ancient fossils. This unique program combines an excellent learning environment with fun-filled adventure. Participants find the trip a challenge and are rewarded with increased confidence and awareness. 3 - 4 hours duration matches Ministry of Education's I.R.P.'s for Earth Sciences and P.E. "the best" field trip of the year! Come find out why Horne Lake Caves won an award for the "Best Natural Outdoor Site in B.C." by Attractions Canada! Ask about our Underground Rock Climbing Expeditions for students aged 15+ GROUP RATES Students 12 yrs. or older Students under 12 yrs. Extra Adults Prices are for groups of twelve or more. GST inc.

23. The Environmental Literacy Council - Caves Geology of Caves The US Geological Survey provides a general cave geology pagewith brief descriptions of caves, how they form, and their features. http://www.enviroliteracy.org/article.php/510.html

Home About ELC Site Map Contact Us ... Food Caves On this page, you can explore caves without worrying about getting lost in them. But before you delve into this page, or into a real cave, some basic issues should be cleared up. First, what is a cave? According to the U.S. Geological Survey , a cave "is a natural opening in the ground extending beyond the zone of light and large enough to permit the entry of man." There are caves over the world, though some are more accessible than others. Check out this page to find out about caves you can visit. There are several types of caves and several ways in which they are formed, mostly involving water. A sea cave can form along shorelines, where the constant pounding of surf wears deep into rocks. The effects of groundwater on softer rocks like limestone form solution caves , which are generally found inland. If most caves are formed by water, however, why are they largely water-free when we find them? The simple answer is that caves are often the cavity left behind by the action of moving water. In the case of solution caves, as the water table naturally lowers, the carbonic acid in groundwater dissolves softer rock such as calcite. Cave ecosystems have unique and interesting features. Little or no sunlight reaches into caves, and many organisms have adapted accordingly. Some cave animals have no eyes, and both plants and animals that live where light is excluded show loss of pigment. If there is no light, it doesn't really matter if you are blind and colorless, because nothing can be seen anyway. Some animals adapt to reduced vision with long antennae or other appendages.

24. Aldington Books Geology. Hasan's cave geology, folklore and antiquities. Ghar Hasanis a natural cave system in Malta that excellently demonstrates http://www.aldingtonbooks.co.uk/malta19.htm

Geology Hasan's Cave: geology, folklore and antiquities Ghar Hasan is a natural cave system in Malta that excellently demonstrates the geological processes involved in limestone cave formation. This illustrated guidebook also describes the ecology and archaeology of this cave system, which has examples of prehistoric cave paintings. The cave is also associated with Maltese folklore. 2000. 44p. Map, line drawings, colour photographs. 18cm. Pb. 9990993076. Savona-Ventura, C., Mifsud, A. Back to Index Anthology Archaeology Architecture ... Literature

25. Crystal Cave added almost weekly. cave geology. Crystal Cave is a solution caveformed in a rock called the Prairie du Chien Dolomite. To answer http://www.gravmag.com/crystal.html

HOME Popular Geology FSU USA ... IU Crystal Cave Crystal Cave is the largest 3-level cave in the Midwest. It is located seven miles south of I-94, between Eau Claire, Wisconsin and Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota. Use exits 19, 24, or 28 south to Highway 29. The cave is one mile west of Spring Valley. Hours: Memorial Day to Labor day, daily 9:00-6:00; April-May and September-October, weekends 9:00-5:00. Guided tours are offered every 30 minutes; group tours by reservation. More Information Crystal Cave's Own Web Site The following is abstracted from the Official Souvenir Book of Crystal Cave, Spring Valley, Wisconsin: Historical Review Crystal Cave was discovered in 1881 by a local farmboy, William R. Vanasse. The discovery occurred while William was walking through the woods just a half mile from his home. The sixteen-year-old, discovering a small leaf-filled sink, probed and pushed with a stick which accidentally slipped from his grasp, disappearing into the ground. The initial exploration of the cave took place the next day when William and his younger brother, George, descended into the dark vertical entrance. They entered a clay and debris filled dome from which they then dropped down to what is now the main room of the cave's second level. In other directions, the boys saw only shallow entrances to clay-filled galleries on the upper level. The existence of other levels and galleries was not suspected. Construction of the entrance building was completed in 1944. The "Assembly Room" was completed and used as a curio and souvenir shop. A few years after the opening the Assembly Room was converted into a restaurant. Crystal Cave became a well-known local attraction.

26. Karst Waters Institute - Teachers Resources Translate this page Links to cave geology. xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx. Geology of Jewel Cave,South Dakota http//www.aqd.nps.gov/grd/parks/jeca/index.htm. http://www.karstwaters.org/educationlinks/geo.htm

Karst Resources for Teachers Links to: Cave Geology Geology of Jewel Cave, South Dakota http://www.aqd.nps.gov/grd/parks/jeca/index.htm Geology of Caves http://www.phillygrotto.org/geology.html Geology of Mammoth Cave, Kentucky http://www.nps.gov/maca/geology.htm Geology of Timpanagos Cave http://www.aqd.nps.gov/grd/parks/jeca/index.htm Geology and Archeology of Russel Cave National Monument http://www.aqd.nps.gov/grd/parks/ruca/index.htm Back to Teachers Resource Page

27. Kentucky Information In Cyberspace Mammoth cave geology; Maps Census Tract Maps; Maps from the Kentucky TransporationCabinet's Division of Planning (County, Highway other maps); http://www.wku.edu/library/KIIC/geoggeol.htm

KIIC Home Agriculture Children's Center Demographics ... Coal Information (KGS, Coal Research Section) Fossils of Kentucky and by region Geologic Information about Southeastern States Ground-Water Monitoring Network (contains maps) Industrial and Metallic Minerals Kentucky Atlas Kentucky Climate Center Kentucky Coal Resources - Kentucky Coal Facts ... Kentucky: Geology and Geophysics (University of Louisville) Kentucky Geological Survey Kentucky Place Names (Kentucky Geological Survey) Kentucky Profile from the Statistical Abstract of the U.S., 2000 (statistics and state rankings for education, crime, labor force, income, population, vital statistics, and business) Kentucky State Minerals Information Kentucky Transportation Cabinet's Six Year Highway Plan Mammoth Cave Geology Maps: Census Tract Maps Kentucky On-Line Map List U.S. Gazetteer (Look up a city or zip code and generate a map) The Mississippi Valley - "Whole Lotta Shakin' Goin' On" National Mapping Information Oil and Gas in Kentucky Rocks and Minerals of Kentucky ... U.S. Geological Survey

28. Www.netlaputa.ne.jp/~ssj/en/what/regist03-e.txt pm Day trip , Lecture A Karst Geochemistry B cave geology Geomorphology C http://www.netlaputa.ne.jp/~ssj/en/what/regist03-e.txt

29. Ms State Geosciences - John Mylroie As cave geology was more interesting to me then cave biology, after Icompleted my military obligation I went back for a PhD in geology. http://www.msstate.edu/dept/geosciences/4site/jemylroie.htm

John Mylroie Professor of Geology Office: Hilbun Hall Room 205 Phone: (662) 325-8774 Fax: (662) 325-9423 mylroie@geosci.msstate.edu I feel that I have one of the best jobs in America. I get to do interesting research, I get to go to exotic places, I get to interact with students in the classroom and on field trips, and I get to spend time with enjoyable colleagues. Education Ph.D., Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 1977 U. S. Navy Fleet Sonar"A" School; U. S. Navy Fleet Electronics, 1972 BS (Zoology), Syracuse University September, 1971 Experience Professor of Geology, Mississippi State University, 1987-present. Associate Professor of Geology, Mississippi State University, 1985-1987. Associate Professor of Geology, Murray State University, 1982-1985.

30. Physical Geology stalagmite growth. Scott Hollow Cave Photo 10 cave geology Caves DirectoryPhoto gallery tour 2. Foreign Caves. Hidden Worlds Cenotes http://math.cochise.edu/People/faculty/wellerr/chapter11.html

Physical Geology Back to Physical Geology Links ... Chapter 11 Groundwater and Caves Groundwater- Definition Groundwater Groundwater- General Environment Canada: FRESH WATER: FS A-5 Groundwater Lecture Groundwater Lecture Ground Water - Part 1 ... Untitled Document Water in the Form of Groundwater Occurrence of water Groundwater Terminology GROUND WATER -Basics-Hydrogeology- Key Terms Porosity How can water be in rock? Origins of Porosity Permeability Permeability Permeability Saturated and Unsaturated Zones Unsaturated and Saturated Zones Water Table- Definition Unsaturated and Saturated Zones Groundwater Flow Groundwater (GW) flow Hydraulic head (h) Groundwater flow rate Confined Aquifer Hydraulic Head in Unconfined and Confined aquifers Gaining Streams and Losing Streams Gaining streams vs. losing streams Aquifers Aquifers Two types of aquifers Unconfined and confined aquifers Effects of Groundwater Pumping Effects of groundwater pumping Potential effects of excessive groundwater pumping Potential effects of excessive groundwater pumping Groundwater Pollution Basic Ground Water Hydrology Common contaminants: Common contaminants: Earth Sciences 144 - Groundwater Contamination ... Water Rights section Cone of Depression Wellhead Protection for New Community Water Supply Wells Aquifer GROUND WATER - Basics-Hydrogeology-Terms GROUND WATER-Primer-Hydrogeology-Water Table Groundwater Quality Geoindicators: Groundwater chemistry in the unsaturated zone Geoindicator: Goundwater quality Water Quality Association What's in the water?

31. Welcome To The Carlsbad Caverns Gaudalupe Mountain Association Book Store Compiled and written by some of the best geologist in the field, this in depthjournal is for everyone with an interest in cave geology. Price$9.95. http://www.ccgma.org/store/store.htm

Welcome to the Carlsbad Caverns Guadalupe Mountain Association Book Shop! You may the e-mail order form at the right of this page or call our book shop at 1-(505)-785-2232 ext.480 Click Here for the Childrens Book Store "SPIRIT OF EXPLORATION" VIDEO and DVD Over 35 million people have visited Carlsbad Caverns National Park. While most come to see and enjoy the beauty and mystery of the main caverns, there is much more to the park than the average visitor sees. In "Spirit of Exploration" we discover rarely visited areas of the 46,000 acres national park. Included are scenes of fascinating plants and animals of the Chihuahuan Desert, the mass flight of nearly a million Mexican free-tailed bats, and remote caves including the recently discovered Lechuguilla Cave? Price: VHS $15.95 , DVD $19.95 "STORIES FROM STONES: THE GEOLOGY OF GUADALUPE MOUNTAINS" BOOK An excellent, readable geology book for the individual who wishes to better understand the geologic processes responsible for shaping this mountain range and its magnificent caves. Read this book to discover why the Guadalupes are recognized internationally as a benchmark of the Permian period. Price: $7.95

32. Class Schedule: Spring 2003 topics may include the geologic formation of California and western North America;the extinction of the dinosaurs; the Ice Ages; cave geology; the geology of http://banner-web.clpccd.cc.ca.us:7000/clpccd/2002/03/l/sched_geol.htm

CLASS-Web Class Schedule: Spring 2003 This is the class schedule for the term. You may click on a CRN below to retrieve further information for the class. When you are finished press the Menu button at the bottom of the page or select the BACK button. Geology CRN Subj Crse Sec Credits Title Campus Start Date End Date Days Times Bldg Room GEOL Colloquium-Geology Las Positas College Feb 21, 2003 May 30, 2003 F 12:30 pm - 01:45 pm Feb 21, 2003 May 30, 2003 TBA TBA TBA TBA Instructor(s): RUTH HANNA Note: No prerequisites. Transferrable course. Bring your lunch. Methods, special topics, and customized activities designed for Geology students. Special topics may include: the geologic formation of California and western North America; the extinction of the dinosaurs; the Ice Ages; cave geology; the geology of other planets; historic earthquakes and how to live in a fault zone; geologic methods for age-dating million-year-old rocks; the geologic time scale; etc. May include collaborative problem solving and skills sessions under the guidance of an instructor. Although open to all students, this course is designed for concurrent Geology and Oceanography lecture and lab students who wish to improve their comprehension and performance in their Geology courses. (May be repeated three times for credit.) GEOL 9 (CRN 31831) meets from February 21-May 30. GEOL Introduction to Geology Las Positas College Jan 21, 2003

33. Courses Geol 1011 Introduction to cave geology (1 hr.) Study of the developmentof caves, the factors that influence cave diversity, and cave features. http://faculty.concord.edu/allenj/courses.html

Courses Geol 101 Earth Processes, Resources, and the Environment (4 hrs.) Study of Earth systems and the geologic link between people and the environment. Topics include minerals, rocks, plate tectonics, geologic hazards, water, resources, and global environmental change. Geol 202 Evolution of Earth Systems (4 hrs.) Study of changes in the Earth's crust, global climate, oceans, and life through 4.6 billion years of geological time. Topics include fossils, mass extinctions, and the geologic history of the Appalachians. Lab includes field trips and field projects emphasizing southern WV geology. Geol 205 Environmental Geology (4 hrs.) Application of geologic principles focusing on the interactions between people and the environment. Includes study of natural hazards and human-induced environmental problems. Geol 220 Special Topics (1-5 hrs.) Courses in selected areas of geology or environmental science. Current offerings include Resource Geology (4 hrs.) - A study of the origin, distribution, and economics of mineral resources and fossil fuels, including oil, natural gas, and coal. Includes assessment of environmental impacts of resource use and extraction. Geol 341 Process Geomorphology (4 hrs.)

34. Bryan College: Activities A geology guide for the cave was written for Summit in the Summer of 1998.Research continues on cave fossils, cave biology, and cave geology. http://www.bryan.edu/worldview/core/activities.html

Worldview Studies Links Worldview Studies Home CORE Summit Understanding the Times Worldview Team Worldview Studies Home Origins Home Activities Values ... C.O.R.E. Resources C.O.R.E Activities The Center for Origins Research and Education engages in many kinds of research: field research, compilation research, model-building research, etc. In addition to researching data and theory, C.O.R.E. participates in various professional conferences and publications. Field Research Speleology A young-age creation perspective on cave formation has not been produced; Bryan College is located in the midst of one of the densest cave population in the world (est. 8000 within 100 miles); and Bryan College students seem anxious to assist in cave studies. Research began in 1992 with the beginning of the mapping of Grassy Cove Saltpeter Cave. This formation was chosen because it is relatively accessible, large, free, and horizontal (relatively easy and safe). Grassy Cove is located approximately 55 minutes away, and is about 8 miles wide. A geology guide for the cave was written for Summit in the Summer of 1998. Research continues on cave fossils, cave biology, and cave geology. Pocket Wilderness A young-age creation perspective on paleobotany has not been produced, nor has a study been made of creation evidences in the vicinity of the 1925 Scopes Trial. Bryan College and the Rhea County Courthouse (the site of the Scopes Trial) is within 5 miles of a good coal and fossil plant locale. Research began in 1989 with collection of fossil plant specimens and initial examination of the geology in Laurel-Snow Falls Pocket Wilderness. A geology guide for pocket was written for Origins98 in February 1998. Research continues on fossils and geology.

35. Mizzou Magic Teachers Guide at http//www.guanopage.com/info/caveinfo.html Onondaga Cave State Park at http//www.mostateparks.com/onondaga/cavesformed.htmcave geology at http//www http://www.mizzoumagic.missouri.edu/2003_1/land_A.html

Activity Where is Madagascar? Find it on a map and learn more about this beautiful country at: The World Fact Book at: http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ma.html or the Madagascar Page at: http://www.sas.upenn.edu/African_Studies/Country_Specific/Madagascar.html Report on your findings with a map and report about the history, land and peoples of this remote island. The fauna (animals) and flora (plants) of Madagascar are remarkable. Some animals occur only on this island. From lemurs to chameleons to rare tropical plants, the diversity and rarity of the wildlife of Madagascar is worth investigating. Learn about some of the rare species and report about them. Many Internet sites exist on this topic, though most are commercial sites selling tours to the island. All have useful information, but here are two about conserving the island's animals and plants: The Wilds of Madagascar at: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/madagascar/dispatches/20000530.html

36. Howe Caverns' Cavern Classroom: Geology Come and Visit Kids of All Ages About The Area cavern Classroom geology Learn More About Howe caverns In Our cavern Classroom History. geology and Chemistry. cave Life http://www.howecaverns.com/cavegeo.htm

Come and Visit Directions Tickets Restaurant Motel Learn More Take a Tour Cavern Classroom Goings On Upcoming Events What's New Weddings Kids of All Ages Gemstones Animal Farm Pony Rides Memories About Howe About Us Contact Us In The News... Press Kit About The Area Return To Top Cavern Classroom: Geology The walls of Howe Caverns consist of two types of limestone (Coeymans and Manlius) from different periods in the Earth's early history, as well as a rock known as Rondout waterred. The Manlius limestone is seen most clearly and is the most abundant, while Coeymans limestone can be seen in the upper portion of the cave near the entrance. Coeymans limestone is more difficult to dissolve than the Manlius variety, so the water naturally chose a lower path through the Manlius layer. As a result, almost perfectly flat ceilings can be seen in parts of the cavern, which are actually the underside of the Coeymans limestone layer. Rondout waterred is the cream-colored rock that runs along the underground stream.

37. Park Geology Tour - Caves of cave and Karst Parks Jewel cave National Monument, South Dakota This page lists parks that have a common geologic theme and links to pages about each park's geologic features. http://www.aqd.nps.gov/grd/tour/caves.htm

PARK GEOLOGY of Cave and Karst Parks Jewel Cave National Monument, South Dakota This page lists parks that have a common geologic theme and links to pages about each park's geologic features. If you would like to contribute images or materials for park pages, please contact parkgeology@den.nps.gov CavesPrimary Feature Carlsbad Caverns National Park , New Mexico Great Basin National Park , Nevada Jewel Cave National Monument , South Dakota Mammoth Cave National Park , Kentucky Oregon Caves National Monument , Oregon Ozark National Scenic Riverways , Missouri Russell Cave National Monument , Alabama Sequoia National Park , California Timpanogos Cave National Monument , Utah Wind Cave National Park , South Dakota CavesLava Tube Craters of the Moon National Monument , Idaho El Malpais National Monument , New Mexico Hawaii Volcanoes National Park , Hawaii Lava Beds National Monument , California Sunset Crater Volcano National Monument , Arizona CavesSea cave Point Reyes National Seashore , California OtherKarst Features Colonial National Historic Park , Virginia Everglades National Park , Florida Ozark National Scenic Riverways , Missouri Valley Forge National Historical Park, Pennsylvania

38. Wind Cave National Park Information Page Civilian Conservation Corp. cave Meterology. Establishment. Fire Ecology. geology. History of the Black Hills http://www.wind.cave.national-park.com/info.htm

Welcome to the Wind Cave National Park Information Page It is our intent to provide information that will be timely and of assistance in planning a trip, vacation or obtaining data about this park Buffalo Calf by John W. Uhler Wind Cave National Park Information Cave Exploration History Civilian Conservation Corp Cave Meterology Establishment ... The Cave Develops Establishment On 03 Jan 1903, President Theodore Roosevelt signed the bill creating Wind Cave National Park. It was the seventh national park and the first one created to protect a cave. The parklands at that time were small and there were no bison, elk, or pronghorn. They came later as the park boundaries expanded. In 1912, the American Bison Society was looking for a place to reestablish a bison herd. Because of the excellent prairie habitat around the park, a national game preserve was established bordering Wind Cave. It was managed by the U.S. Biological Survey. In 1913 and 1914, the animals began to arrive. Fourteen bison came from the New York Zoological Society, twenty-one elk arrived from Wyoming and thirteen pronghorn came from Alberta, Canada. In July of 1935, the game preserve became part of Wind Cave National Park. During the early years of the preserve, the animals were kept in small enclosures. Eventually, it was realized that they needed more space. The bison and elk needed additional forage and the pronghorn needed room to escape from predators. With the help of the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), fences within the park were removed. And in 1946, 16,341 additional acres were added, enlarging the park to 28,059 acres.

39. Virtual Cave A wideranging introduction to the geology of caves. Organised by geological feature with pictures and clickable virtual maps. http://www.goodearthgraphics.com/virtcave.html

Welcome, cave explorers, to Click on the caver to enter the extensive underground worlds of solution caves, lava tubes, sea caves, and others.

40. Carlsbad Caverns National Park: Natural Resources: Geology Last updated Friday, 12Jul-02 160713 http//www.nps.gov/cave/geology.htmPark information cave_park_information@nps.gov. http://www.nps.gov/cave/geology.htm

Plan Your Visit Cave Tours Bat Flight School Groups ... research The Geology of Carlsbad Caverns Coral Reef, Limestone Mountain, Limestone Cave, Decorated Cave Glossary of Geographic Terms ONE THEORY None of us witnessed the formation of Carlsbad Cavern. And since time and conditions don't allow us to duplicate the process in a laboratory, we are left with theories based on puzzle pieces. One theory, simplistically stated is . . . A very long time ago, a shallow sea covered Carlsbad Cavern. Plants and animals lived and died in the sea. Their shells and skeletons piled on top of each other, making a reef. Over time, many layers piled up, squashing the shells and making the layers hard, compact and thick. The sea dried up causing the reef to be exposed to the air. Movements in the earth's crust pushed the reef upwards, forming a limestone mountain. Trees and other plants grew on the mountain, covering the old reef and causing cracks to develop in the limestone. Rainwater sank into the soil and went down through the plants' roots and finally down through the cracks in the limestone. On its way through the atmosphere and the soil, the water absorbed carbon dioxide. A weak acid was chemically formed when the water mixed with the carbon dioxide. The resulting carbonic acid dissolved the calcite in the limestone.

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