81. Cephalopods CLASS CEPHALOPODA (cephalopods). cephalopods swim by a water jet producedby expulsion of water from the mantle cavity through the funnel. http://nighthawk.tricity.wsu.edu/museum/ArcherdShellCollection/Cephalopods.html

Archerd Shell Collection Shell Classes CLASS: CEPHALOPODA (Cephalopods) Description: Marine molluscs with head and foot united. Shell external, internal, or lacking. With gills and highly developed sense organs. Cephalopods swim by a water jet produced by expulsion of water from the mantle cavity through the funnel. The class Cephalopoda contains the nautili, cuttlefish, squids, octopods, and fossil ammonoids. There are only about 600 living species of cephalopods but more than 7500 fossil forms. Nautilus pompilius Family: Nautilidae Classification: Subclass: Tetrabranchiata Order: Nautiloidea Family: Nautilidae Genus: Nautilus Subclass: Dibranchiata Order: Decapoda Family: Spirulidae Family: Sepiidae Family: Sepiolidae Family: Loliginidae Order: Octopoda Family: Octopodidae Genus: Octopus Family: Argonautidae Genus: Argonauta MORE ON ARGONAUTS Argonaut Family RETURN TO CASUAL BROWSING: Photo Galleries Nautilus pompilius cross section Family: Nautilidae Argonauta argo Family: Argonautidae Archerd Shell Collection Shell Classes

82. Molluscan Ecology Cephalopod Research Introduction. cephalopods (squid, cuttlefish, and octopus) were dominant pelagicpredators in marine environments prior to the evolution of teleost fishes. http://www.vims.edu/mollusc/research/meceph.htm

Molluscan Ecology Program Program Overview Research Cephalopods Coastal habitats ... VIMS Home Cephalopod research Introduction Biology of the brief squid, Lolliguncula brevis Research on ... from coastal waters Photograph courtesy of I.K. Bartol. Introduction Cephalopods (squid, cuttlefish, and octopus) were dominant pelagic predators in marine environments prior to the evolution of teleost fishes. They are still significant members of marine communities in coastal and oceanic waters, although the biology, ecology, and life histories of many speices are poorly described. Chesapeake Bay is home to a small, short-lived cephalopod, the brief squid Lollinguncula brevis Biology of the brief squid, Lolliguncula brevis The distribution, swimming physiology, and swimming mechanics of the brief squid, Lolliguncula brevis , were examined by Ian Bartol as part of his dissertation work. Field collections from local waters coupled with extensive laboratory experiments provided data which shed light on both the ecology and evolution of swimming behavior in this species.

83. Marine Strandings - Cephalopods Seaquest Southwest - marine stranding records of cephalopods in Cornwall andDevon,UK. Stranding data for cephalopods. Updated 20 April 2002 0646 PM. http://www.wildlifetrust.org.uk/cornwall/strand/cep.html

Stranding data for : Cephalopods Updated: 20 April 2002 06:46 PM STRANDINGS INDEX April 2002 04/04/02 - 1 Harbour Porpoise - Near Greeb Point, 2 km S. of Portscatho - reported by: Mark Barry Photographed and measured (to crutch of tail) )by Debbie Pursell on 5 April Very difficult to retrieve by land or sea. Presumed to the one reputed by Julian Cruise on 6 March 2002 18/03/02 - 10 Common Cuttlefish - Polperro - reported by: Jon Makeham At least 10 'bones' 18/03/02 - 7 Orbigny's Cuttlefish - Polperro - reported by: Jon Makeham At least seven 'bones' February 2002 20/02/02 - Common Cuttlefish - Perranporth - reported by: Paul Gainey 20/02/02 - Elegant Cuttlefish - Perranporth - reported by: Paul Gainey 20/02/02 - Orbigny's Cuttlefish - Perranporth - reported by: Paul Gainey January 2002 27/01/02 - Common Cuttlefish - Whitsand Bay to Par - reported by: Jon Makeham Hundreds of ,bones', including all three species of Sepia. Seen from 20 to 27 Jan. 27/01/02 - Elegant Cuttlefish - Whitsand Bay to Par - reported by: Jon Makeham Hundreds of ,bones', including all three species of Sepia. Seen from 20 to 27 Jan.

84. Anchofish - Octopuses / Cephalopods Easy installation. 13 months Warranty. Invertebrates Octopuses /cephalopods. Next Scallops, Previous Nudibranchs, Category. SKU, Common Name, Scientific Name,Sm. http://www.anchofish.com/inverts_octopuses.htm

call us toll free office hours 9:00am-5:00pm PST, Mon-Fri email dive@anchofish.com order order@anchofish.com contact us store hours Home Live Stock Marine Fish Corals Invertebrates Live Rock/Live Sand ... Cleaners Companion Dry Goods Lighting Systems Test Kits Water Conditioners Placing Order ... Infrequent Species Cleaners Package Live rock Fiji tranship Fiji handpicked Hapai Tonga Branch Vavau Jakarta ... Manono JBJ lighting System Retrofit Deluxe Formosa Deluxe Formosa - Double Strip Versailles ... Venice Complete package Easy installation 13 months Warranty Invertebrates - Octopuses /Cephalopods Next : Scallops Previous : Nudibranchs Category SKU Common Name Scientific Name Sm Md Lg Blue Ring Octopus Octopus cyaneus * Not for Sale * Brown Octopus Octopus sp. Chambered Nautilus Nautilus pompilus Squid / Cattle Fish Sepin sp. Zebra Octopus Octopus zebra vulgaris

85. Sources Of Live Cephalopods Sources of Live cephalopods. The purpose of this list. This list is designed foruse by scientists, educators and hobbyists wishing to purchase live cephalopods. http://www.nhm.ac.uk/hosted_sites/tcp/sources.html

Sources of Live Cephalopods The purpose of this list This list is designed for use by scientists, educators and hobbyists wishing to purchase live cephalopods. The collectors with an asterisk in front of their names only supply institutions. The information below is three years old in some cases. I am to busy to keep up with this so you will have to do you own research using this list as a starting point. If you are aware of any changes or new suppliers, email me with the details and I'll try to make the needed changes. I support buying captive bred animals when possible. If you can, always purchase captive bred cephalopods. Besides being easier on the environment, captive bred animals are of a known age, species, etc. This information can be very helpful. Species Wild Price (U.S $) Supplier Hapalochlaena lunulata Yes Flying Fish Express Hapalochlaena mauculosa Yes Aquatic Connection Hapalochlaena mauculosa Yes The Pet Stop Loligo opalescens Yes per quote Chuck Winkler Lolliguncula brevis Yes *NRCC Nautilus pompilius Yes *NRCC Nautilus pompilius Yes Aquatic Connection Nautilus pompilius Yes Flying Fish Express Octopus spp Yes Concept Aquatics Octopus spp (blue-spot) Yes Concept Aquatics Octopus spp (brown) Yes The Pet Stop Octopus spp (Zebra - O. horridus?)

86. Fossil Cephalopods Half a Billion Years of Floating Slugs and Racing Snails Fossil cephalopodsFAQ. 1. When did cephalopods appear and how are they characterized? http://www.nhm.ac.uk/hosted_sites/tcp/FosCephs.html

Half a Billion Years of Floating Slugs and Racing Snails Fossil Cephalopods FAQ By Neale Monks N.Monks@nhm.ac.uk Department of Palaeontology Natural History Museum South Kensington, London England, UK SW7 5BD When did cephalopods appear and how are they characterized? Is the nautilus a living fossil? What are ammonites and how did they get their name? How did the ammonites go extinct? ... an ammonite? 1. When did cephalopods appear and how are they characterized? Cephalopods like the Late Cretaceous Scaphites In primitive cephalopods like the pearly nautilus, this shell is external and superficially like that of a gastropod snail. Such a shell serves two functions: defence and buoyancy. More advanced cephalopods have internal shells. The cuttlefish is a cephalopod with an internal shell. While still providing buoyancy, it is no longer protective. These more active cephalopods rely on camouflage or speed to evade predators. The most advanced cephalopods, such as the squids and octopuses do not have chambered shells at all. In squid the shell is a simple, often feather-like, strut while in the octopus it is reduced to small plates around the brain. When swimming, these cephalopods do not rely on buoyancy from the shell. ammonites , below). Some cephalopods had counterweights to maintain a correct orientation. In the nautiloids these weights took the form of solid, calcareous deposits within some of the chambers, usually the ones near the apical end. Among the coleoids, the belemnites had solid counterweights as well, but they surrounded the outside of the shell (but underneath the skin). These counterweights, or guards, are common fossils (see section on

87. Timerock Fossils, Minerals & Crystals - Ancient Species - Cephalopods Timerock Fossils, Crystals and Minerals Library - Ancient Species and Fossils- cephalopods. Ancient Species. cephalopods. cephalopods are a class of mollusc. http://svc403.bne025u.server-web.com/timerock/library/fossils/species_cephalopod

Do you dig fossils? We do! Ancient Species Cephalopods Cephalopods are a class of mollusc. The name cephalopod means "head-foot". It refers to the fact that their bodies are so tightly folded that their head and foot are together. The cephalopods include: Ammonoids Nautiloids Belemnoids Click here to view our selection of molluscs for sale:

88. Cephalopods From Hawaii cephalopods of Hawaii. HAWAIIAN BOBTAIL SQUID. Euprymna scolopes. This fascinatingcritter is nocturnal and is only known from Hawaii. Short Arm Sand Octopus. http://members.aol.com/uwphotohi/Cephalopods.html

Cephalopods of Hawaii HAWAIIAN BOBTAIL SQUID E uprymna scolopes This fascinating critter is nocturnal and is only known from Hawaii. Short Arm Sand Octopus Octopus sp. This little kown species so far has only been found on sand. The octopus to the left was hiding under the shell it's carrying, other juveniles have been found in miter shells. This larger one was found on sand peering out from a small hole under a piece of coral rubble. Long Arm Sand Octopus Octopus sp. This fascinating critter has been observed mimicing a snake eel, flat fish, and mantis shrimp. It will also evade capture by sacrificing one arm, cutting it off and porpelling it at its pursuer . Long Arm Night Octopus Ocotopus sp. This nocturnal species has been observed on shallow reef and in caves during the day. Day Octopus Octopus cyanea This widely known octopus is often taken by the local population and eaten or used as fishing bait. Night Octopus Octopus ornatus oval squid Sepiteuthis lessoniana Ron Holcom

89. Santiago Montenegro Campos, Sl FISH cephalopods. European squid, Loligo vulgaris, FreshFrozen. Lesser flyingsquid, European flying squid, Todaropsis eblanae,Todarode sagittatus, Fresh-Frozen. http://www.pescavigo.com/productos_ing.asp?IdSub=5

90. Seafood_log9906: HEAVY METALS IN CEPHALOPODS HEAVY METALS IN cephalopods. Dorothy cephalopods . New Zealand has beengiven the task of editing the Codex guide on processing cephalopods. http://listproc.ucdavis.edu/archives/seafood/log9906/0035.html

HEAVY METALS IN CEPHALOPODS Dorothy McCoubrey mccoubreyd@maf.govt.nz Wed, 16 Jun 1999 09:48:49 +1200 Messages sorted by: [ date ] [ thread ] [ subject ] [ author ] Next message: Lorena Noriega: "frog refeerences" Previous message: jmulnick@ora.fda.gov: "Re: Oyster Safety" Next in thread: howgate: "Re: HEAVY METALS IN CEPHALOPODS" New Zealand has been given the task of editing the Codex guide on processing Cephalopods. This requires the use of HACCP based principles to give people a guide on how to safely process squid, octopus, etc. We have heard that there can be a potential problem of high cadmium levels in the gut of these species and if frozen with gut in-situ the cadmium migrates to the flesh. Is anyone aware of any information or facts on this matter. Thanks for any help that you can give me Dorothy-Jean Next message: Lorena Noriega: "frog refeerences" Previous message: jmulnick@ora.fda.gov: "Re: Oyster Safety" Next in thread: howgate: "Re: HEAVY METALS IN CEPHALOPODS" This archive was generated by hypermail 2.0b3 on Tue Jun 15 1999 - 14:55:04 PDT

91. Seafood_log9906: Re: HEAVY METALS IN CEPHALOPODS Re HEAVY METALS IN cephalopods. howgate Dear Dorothy. You asked for informationrelevant to cadmium concentrations in cephalopods. Farid http://listproc.ucdavis.edu/archives/seafood/log9906/0037.html

Re: HEAVY METALS IN CEPHALOPODS howgate phowgate@rsc.co.uk Wed, 16 Jun 1999 11:04:47 +0100 Messages sorted by: [ date ] [ thread ] [ subject ] [ author ] Next message: Robert Fisher: "gr Torrymeter" Previous message: Lorena Noriega: "frog refeerences" Dear Dorothy You asked for information relevant to cadmium concentrations in cephalopods. Farid Ahmed has a chapter, 'Trace metal contaminants in food' in the book (eds), Sheffield Academic Press, Sheffield, pp 146-214, ISBN 1-85075-921-9. It devotes several pages to cadmium and a table of cadmium levels in various classes of foods shows a content of 350 microg/kg in molluscs/crustacea compared with fish with 35 microg/kg. (Invertebrates generally cannot regulate body burdens of heavy metals as vertebrates can). The cited reference is a 1992 paper from UNEP. The associated text of Ahmed's chapter gives examples of high cadmium levels in the heaptopancreas of crustacean shellfish, but no data on cephalopod molluscs. A review by GESAMP, 1991, 'Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Pollution. Review of potentially harmful substances: carcinogens. Reports

92. Cephalopods - A World Guide cephalopods a world guide. Mark Norman, Ikan Underwasserarchiv (Germany),hard cover, 320 pages. Mark Norman is no stranger to cephalopods. http://www.capricornica.com/book_reviews/cephalopods.htm

Cephalopods - a world guide Mark Norman, Ikan Underwasserarchiv (Germany), hard cover, 320 pages Reviewer: Patty Jansen Review published in: Australasian Shell News No. 110 (June 2001) Another underwater guide published by Helmut Debelius, this is a colourful guide to the world’s octopuses and related animals. The book is presented in the usual colourful, rather screaming and somewhat cluttered style used by Helmut. Leaving the layout aside, this is really a most wonderful book. Almost all animals are photographed in the wild by an impressive gathering of the world’s best underwater photographers. A large part of the book is an identification guide, but what makes Helmut’s books so interesting are the ‘case studies’, stories of animal behaviour or strange underwater encounters. Mark Norman is no stranger to cephalopods. Just last year he had another book published, Guide to Squid, Octopuses and Cuttlefish of Australia (co-author Mandy Reid, CSIRO Publishing). After a short introduction each order of cephalopods is introduced separately, after which a number of species are described. The descriptions contain information about identification features, distribution, habitat and behaviour. The book contains an index and a list of references. But it is not a scientific guide and really the main strength of the book are the photographs. There are too many great pictures to mention, covering shallow and deep water cephalopods (one photographed at 2400 metres), cephalopod larvae and eggs, cephalopod breeding and many shots of cephalopods in action.

93. Cephalopods, April 2001 cephalopods Analysis April 2001. PRODUCTION. In 1999, exports of fresh and frozencephalopods have increased by 21% to almost 1.4 miilion MT (US$ 2.4 million). http://www.globefish.org/publications/commodityupdate/200104/200104.htm

Cephalopods Analysis - April 2001 PRODUCTION Total cephalopod production increased by 28% in 1999 over 1998, a very poor year, to almost 3.4 million MT as a result of increasing output of all main producing countries. The Republic of Korea’s production increased by a strong 90% between 1998 and 1999 reaching 590 000 MT and thus keeping this country in the top position among cephalopod producers. Japan is the second main producer with 560 000 MT in 1999, up 25% from 1998 but still below the ten year average (620 000 MT). Thirty-four percent of the total cephalopod catch is taken in the SW Atlantic (1.1 million MT), 29% in the NW Pacific (980 000 MT) and almost 10% in the WC Pacifc (330 000 MT). These shares have increased by 58%, 7% and 9% respectively since 1998. Global octopus production reached its peak in 1999 with 354 000 MT, up 17% from 1998 and 20% more than in 1990. This increase was the result of a doubling in Moroccan (the world’s top octopus producer) output in 1999 to 84 600 MT. Japan holds a 16% share of the world’s octopus catch (1999).Japanese octopus production was 57 300 MT in 1999, slightly less (-7%) than the previous year. Japan’s production has remained fairly stable over the period. Senegal and Spain are other important octopus catching countries with 37 300 MT and 31 800 MT respectively in 1999. Senegal had a record catch in 1999. The bulk (almost half) of the octopus caught in the world originates from the EC Atlantic , that is 173 000 MT in 1999, 65% more compared to 1998. Nineteen-ninety-nine’s production is also the highest during the period. The second most important octopus fishing ground is the NW Pacific with an output of 77 000 MT in 1999, 22% of the total octopus production despite the 13% drop since 1998.

94. Cephalopods Paul Kay/MWPA Temperate cephalopods. To go back to the stock imagespage click on Index. «MWPA 000108 Lesser Octopus Eledone cirrhosa http://www.marinewildlife.co.uk/MWPA Cephalopods.html

Paul Kay/MWPA - Temperate Cephalopods To go back to the stock images page click on Index MWPA 000108 Lesser Octopus Eledone cirrhosa Bardsey Island, North Wales, UK MWPA 001134 Little Cuttlefish Sepiola sp. Cardigan Bay, North Wales, UK MWPA 000072 Common Cuttlefish Sepia officinalis Lanzarotte, Canary Islands MWPA 001301 Little Cuttlefish Sepiola oweiana. Loch Fyne, Scotland, UK To go back to the stock images page click on Index For further details contact Paul Kay by email: paul@marinewildlife.co.uk or Tel. (UK) 01248 68136 or (Int.) 00 44 1248 681361

95. CEPHALOPODS Shells Are Us. Only about half a dozen cephalopod species have externalshells, and these are members of the nautilus family. They http://www.concentric.net/~Cschroed/html/cephalopods.html

Only about half a dozen cephalopod species have external shells, and these are members of the nautilus family. They are really natures submarines. They have chambers inside that they can control buoyancy with. They fill these chambers like a submarine does to go up or down in the water column of the ocean. Squids and Octopuses are also in this class of mollusks. Nautilus pampilius Chambered Nautiluses are carnivores, which means they catch other live prey for food. Chambers Also in this class of shells you will find the common spirula shell. It is a shell that is found contained within the body of a squid like animal. The Brown Paper Nautilus to the left are very fragile, and actually used by a female squid-like animal, as an egg case. Spirula spirula Argonauta hians Seashells-Are-Us E-mail is cschroed@pop3.cris.com

96. Cephalopods Geological Time Scale. EON, ERA, PERIOD, EPOCH, Nautiloids, Actinoceratoids, Ammonoids,Coleoids. P H A N E R O Z O I C. C e n o z o i c, Neogene, Holocene, Pleistocene, http://www.geo.arizona.edu/geo3xx/308/cephscale.html

Geological Time Scale EON ERA PERIOD EPOCH Nautiloids Actinoceratoids Ammonoids Coleoids P H A N E R O Z O I C C e n o z o i c Neogene Holocene Pleistocene Pliocene Miocene Paleogene Oligocene Eocene Paleocene M e s o z o i c Cretaceous Jurassic Triassic P a l e o z o i c Permian Pennsylvanian Mississippian Devonian Silurian Ordovician Cambrian Proterozoic Archaen Major molluscan groups Ranges of all molluscan groups Ranges of major bivalve groups Ranges of major gastropod groups Back to Molluscs

97. Otherceph Palaeo Jo's Other cephalopods Catalogue. OC 1 Polished Goniatite. Morocco. Measures16cm. (6 1/4 ) £38. Click here to place an order! OC 2 Jeletzkytes. http://www.palaeojos.com/othercep.htm

HOME REPTILES FISH BRITISH CEP ... LINKS Palaeo Jo's Other Cephalopods Catalogue. OC 1: Polished Goniatite. Morocco. Measures 16cm. (6 1/4") £38. Click here to place an order! OC 2: Jeletzkytes. Upper Cretaceous ammonite from the Pierre Shale. South Dakota. USA. The ammonite measures 6.7cm and is really irridescent. £40. Click here to place an order! OC 3: Cut and polished ammonite from Madagascar. Lower Cretaceous. NEW! Click here to place an order! OC 4:Cut and polished ammonite from Madagascar. Lower Cretaceous. measures 15.5cm. £75. NEW! Click here to place an order! OC 5:Cut and polished ammonite from Madagascar. Lower Cretaceous. NEW! Click here to place an order! OC 6: Cut and polished ammonite from Madagascar. Lower Cretaceous. NEW! Click here to place an order! OC 7: Reineckeia. Callovian. Deux Sevres. France. Ammonite measures 7cm. in a freestanding block.£18. NEW! Click here to place an order! OC 8: Collotia. Callovian. Deux Sevres. France. Ammonite measures 7,5cm.£18.

98. The Living World Of Molluscs - Cephalopods Translate this page The Living World of Molluscs http://members.lycos.co.uk/Mollusks/kopffuesser.html

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99. Cephalopods cephalopods. The Photo Courtesy of Erling Svensen. General Among thecephalopods there are the largest invertebrates on earth. Their http://members.lycos.co.uk/Mollusks/Kopffuesser/haupt.html

Cephalopods "The great live squid, which, they say, few whale ships ever beheld, and returned to their ports to tell of it". (Herman Melville: Moby Dick) Lesser Octopus ( Eledone cirrhosa from the North Sea Photo: Courtesy of Erling Svensen General: Among the cephalopods there are the largest invertebrates on earth. Their nervous system is developed to a much higher degree than that of other molluscs. The complex behaviour of cephalopods makes them comparable to the vertebrates rather than to other invertebrates. Schematic body plan of a cuttlefish ( Sepia The construction of their body shows that cephalopods are molluscs. They have no trace of a skeleton, neither internal nor external. Like that of other molluscs, cephalopods' bodies are divided in head, visceral sac and foot, the mantle (pallium) as a protective coat of the visceral sac. The more modern cephalopods of the subclass called Coleoidea do not have an external shell like the other molluscs. Only members of the most ancient cephalopod groups, the subclass Nautiloidea with it's only recent genus Nautilus , still swim the ocean with a shell ressembling that of a snail. The rest of the cephalopods have an inner shell. That of the cuttlefish for instance is called cuttlebone, though it is neither bone nor skeleton, but a shell rest. Cuttlebones are known to the bird keeper to provide the bird with something to sharpen it's beak. Mostly the spawn packets of squid and their inner shells are the only parts of them that can be found by somebody walking on the beach. Among some squid (

100. Cephalopods! Main Entry ceph·a·lo·pod Pronunciation 'sef -l - päd Function noun Etymologyultimately from cephal- + Greek pod-, pous foot - Date 1826 any of a http://www.prairiesquid.com/oldsite/cephalopods/

Main Entry: ceph·a·lo·pod Pronunciation: Function: noun Etymology: ultimately from cephal- + Greek pod-, pous foot - Date: 1826 any of a class (Cephalopoda) of marine mollusks including the squids, cuttlefishes, and octopuses that move by expelling water from a tubular siphon under the head and that have a group of muscular usually sucker-bearing arms around the front of the head, highly developed eyes, and usually a sac containing ink which is ejected for defense or concealment cephalopod adjective Special: Cephalopod of the Month Menagerie Ask-a-Squid About: Octopus Squid Nautilus Cuttlefish ... games

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