61. The US Bridge You are in USA Search, Go to Web Matches, About_the_Search. PublicationsOrganizations Methods and Techniques Internet Resources enculturated apes http://www.theusbridge.com/MLM_4_MLM_3_Culture_&_Society_Social_Sciences.html_An

Home Advanced Search Home Anthropology You are in USA Search Go to Web Matches Publications Organizations Methods and Techniques ... Enculturated Apes Cultural Anthropology Visual Anthropology Organizations Methods and Techniques Media Culture ... Other Biological Anthropology Organizations Journals Forensic Anthropology Other Applied Anthropology Organizations Journals Other Anthropologists Mead Margaret Malinowski Bronislaw Kroeber Alfred Boas Franz ... Investor Info

62. Pan Paniscus Information Sites See Also Science Social Sciences Anthropology enculturated apes.Pan paniscus Classification and general species overview. http://biologyorg.com/FloraandFauna/Animalia/Chordata/Mammalia/Primates/Hominida

BIOLOGYorg.com Search SPYorg.com (Not sure of spelling? Use first letters and * such as abc* or abcd* or abcde*) Match:.. All Any Format: Long Short Search Words: Top Science Biology Flora and Fauna ... Pan : Pan paniscus Pan paniscus - Classification and general species overview. Taxonomy Browser: Pan paniscus - Taxonomic information, including classification, and genome and protein sequences. Bonobo (Pygmy Chimpanzee) - Pan paniscus fact sheet. Bonobo Sex and Society - The behavior of a close relative challenges assumptions about male supremacy in human evolution. Article by Frans B. M. de Waal. Bonobo Sex and Society - An article on the sexual behavior of Bonobos and the effect this has on ordering Bonobo society. Bonobo Society: Amicable, Amorous and Run by Females - An overview of the social structure of the Bonobo. Bonobo: The Forgotten Ape - Review by Danny Yee. Bonobo: The Forgotten Ape - Review of the recent book by Frans de Waal. Bonobos: The Left-Bank Chimpanzees - Conservation, zoo, and species information. Comparison of Some Similar Chimpanzee and Human Behaviors - Essay about symbolic communication, medicinal plant usage, and Bonobo peace keeping.

63. Welcome To The TexasBridge.com________________________ You are in Texas Search, Go to Web Matches, About_the_Search. PublicationsOrganizations Methods and Techniques Internet Resources enculturated apes http://www.thetexasbridge.com/catpages/MLM_4_MLM_3_Culture_&_Society_Social_Scie

Web Search » Home Advanced Search Home Anthropology You are in Texas Search Go to Web Matches Publications Organizations Methods and Techniques ... Enculturated Apes Cultural Anthropology Visual Anthropology Organizations Methods and Techniques Media Culture ... Other Biological Anthropology Organizations Journals Forensic Anthropology Other Applied Anthropology Organizations Journals Other Anthropologists Mead Margaret Malinowski Bronislaw Kroeber Alfred Boas Franz ... Investor Info

64. Unused External Links Intelligences A582220 animal itelligence in hard to name Forum Google Web Directory- Science Social Sciences Anthropology enculturated apes Language in http://www.xyroth-enterprises.co.uk/links.htm

Front Page Categories Site Index Unused external links This is a housekeeping page containing all those things that I think I would like to link to when I get a sensible place to link from. Private enterprise and space Artemis Society International Peng Travel britains only naturist travel agent steghide steganography tool html tidy surfraw console based search tool SuSE bind domain name server nicq internet messaging and chat licq internet chat program ... jabber msn, icq +yahoo replacement official emmerdale website the whitehouse big celebrities security focus bugtracking website ... link back to site index last modified 20:37 2002/01/06 Bookmarks Media Bloomberg What's On Now MSNBC CNN Videoselect ... Fox Sports Links Customize Links Free Hotmail Windows eGroups ... ian bell's elite homepage research software databases searchDatabase.com The Database Specific Search Engine presented by TechTarget.com artificial inteligence Expert Systems Research Projects Historical Projects Knowledge Representation tools Data Flow Diagramming Data Flow Diagrams - tips MISO - Data Flow Diagrams (team 25) Data Flow Diagrams (DFDs) ... Guidelines for Robot Writers linux clusters ithaki.net - beowulf cluster build

65. Freenet.de Suche - Language: Englisch - Science - E , Electron Microscopy. •, Electronics. •, Employment for Scientists. •,enculturated apes. •, Endocrine Disruptors. •, Energy. •, Engineering. •,Entomology. http://webkatalog.freenet.de/freenet_page_f23a7158f5770e9f0876cc346e4f5983.html

Quicklinks: Auto Computer DSL Erotik ... Wenn Mann nicht mehr kann - was bei Impotenz wirklich hilft. You are here: home search directory Language Englisch Science E SPEZIALSUCHE Webseiten Bilder Produkte Auktionen MEINE DOMAIN Ist mein Wunschname noch frei? www. .de .com .net .org .tv .ws .info .biz .ag EXPERTENPORTALE Auswahl: Bildung Computer Fashion, Design Finanzen Games Gesellschaft Gesundheit Haus, Hobby Kids, Teens Kunst Literatur Medien Musik Politik Sport St‰dte, Reisen Technik Unterhaltung Wirtschaft E Sprache/Language Categories Earth Sciences Earthquake Engineering Earthquakes Echinodermata ... Extraterrestrial Life This site is based on the Open Directory Project (ODP) Last update: 11. Dec. 2002, 20:09:27 o'clock This categorie needs an Editor. Help build the largest human-edited directory of the web: Become an Editor Impressum AGB Service ... freenet.de AG

66. The Emergence Of A New Paradigm In Ape Language Research tasks was assessed in three humanreared (enculturated). chimpanzees, ranging in age from 5 to 9 by studies of imitation in captive apes that. showed chimpanzees and orangutans http://www.bbsonline.org/Preprints/Shanker

To be published in Behavioral and Brain Sciences (in press) Below is the copyedited final draft of a BBS target article that has been accepted for publication. This updated preprint has been prepared for formally invited commentators. Please do not write a commentary unless you have been formally invited. (If you are interested in submitting a continuing commentary in the future, please do so after the issue has been published and you are able to read the entire treatment.) The emergence of a new paradigm in ape language research Stuart Shanker Departments of Philosophy and Psychology York University North York, Ontario Canada shanker@yorku.ca Barbara J. King Department of Anthropology College of William and Mary Williamsburg, VA bjking@wm.edu S TUART G. S HANKER is Professor of Philosophy and of Psychology at Atkinson College, York University. His research focuses on the role of social and emotional factors in communication and language development in young children. Among his recent publications are Apes, language and the human mind (with Sue Savage-Rumbaugh and Talbot Taylor, 1998); Wittgenstein's remarks on the foundations of AI (1998); Toward a psychology of global interdependency: a framework for international collaboration (with Stanley Greenspan, 2002); and The evolution of intelligence (with Stanley Greenspan, in press). His honors include Canada Council Doctoral and Postdoctoral Fellowships; the Marian Buck Fellowship at Christ Church College, Oxford; the Walter L. Gordon Fellowship at York University; and Research Grants from the Canada Council, The Unicorn Foundation, The Templeton Foundation, and Cure Autism Now.

67. COGNITION STUDIES (including Tool Use And Language) 1998-1999: Part I (Authors A (Abstract) Bering JM; Bjorklund DF; Ragan P Deferred imitation of objectrelatedactions in young, enculturated great apes. AMERICAN http://www.primate.wisc.edu/pin/topics/cognition1.html

[What's New] [Search] [IDP] [WDP] ... [Index] Current Topics in Primatology Primate Information Center Washington Regional Primate Research Center COGNITION STUDIES (including tool use and language) 1998-1999: Part I (Authors A-J) Maintained by the WRPRC Library Return to PIN Home Page Search PIN

68. The Evolution And Development Of Cognition And Emotion Deferred imitation in juvenile, enculturated great apes What can it tell us abouthuman cognitive evolution? David Bjorlund, Florida Atlantic University. http://www.psy.miami.edu/evolution/symposium.phtml

69. A Anomalies in Science; @ Anthropology; @ apes, enculturated; @ Apiculture;@ Applied Anthropology; @ Aquatic Ecology. @ Arachnids; @ Arboreta; http://www.ad.com/Science/A/

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70. 1 nonhuman behavior fall into, perhaps excluding Kohlerís findings of insight insome apes and the sophisticated behavior of a few human enculturated apes. http://pubpages.unh.edu/~jel/512/exams/e2_00.html

The "patchiness" of a food supply has been found to correlate with brain size by Katherine Milton and others. Which of the following primate foods is most likely to be "patchy?" a- figs b- bark c- leaves d- all of these are equally patchy Some primates are particularly adept at "extractive foraging." What best describes that ability. a- finding fruits that are seasonal b- upon finding a good food source, having the ability to generalize that similar sources (e.g. tree, plant) is likely to have similar food. c- the ability to realize that food may be located in an object (e.g. nut) or substrate (roots, insects) even if it is not directly perceptible to the primate d- none of the above a-reflex b- secondary "circular" reaction (stage 3 "repeats chance movements") c- tertiary "circular" reaction (seeSCp.165 [144]) (stage 5 of 6 "experimentally discovers that one object, such as a stick, can be used to obtain another object") d- "insight" (stage 6 "mentally figures out how one object can be used to obtain another") a- 6 b-12 c- 24 d- 48 What is the least accurate statement about the Gua and Donald Kellogg film?

71. 1 cognitive behavior fall into, perhaps excluding Kohler's findings of insight insome apes and the sophisticated behavior of a few human enculturated apes? http://pubpages.unh.edu/~jel/512/exams/exam2-F02ANS.html

In which of these species is it most plausible that a female might be the group leader? a- gibbon xb- bonobo c- gorilla d- baboon Some primates are particularly adept at "extractive foraging." What best describes that ability. a- finding fruits that are seasonal b- upon finding a good food source, having the ability to generalize that similar sources (e.g. tree, plant) is likely to have similar food. xc- the ability to realize that food may be located in an object (e.g. nut) or substrate (roots, insects) even if it is not directly visible to the primate d- none of the above a- reflex b- secondary "circular" reaction stage- "repeats chance movements" xc- tertiary "circular" reaction stage "experimentally discovers that one object, such as a stick, can be used to obtain another object" d- "insight" -sixth stage "mentally figures out how one object can be used to obtain another" a- 1/2 b-1 c- 2 xd- 5 e-12 What is the most accurate statement about the Gua and Donald Kellogg film? a- their first response to the experience of ice was dissimilar b- Gua was less able to find "mother" after a short delay c- their ability to "detour" around a blocked entry was dissimilar xd- Gua moved more rapidly than Donald (THE ONLY REAL DIFFERENCE) e- Donald responded quite differently to the vestibular-ocular stimulation brought about by the rotating chair situation.

72. SRB Review 9 (2) intent of communication, but that it does not necessarily demonstrate a cognitivedifference between apes, monkeys and other'enculturated' (home reared http://www.univie.ac.at/Wissenschaftstheorie/srb/srb/mindful.html

Go to Semiotic Review of Books Home Page Go to SRB Highlights Go to SRB Archives SRB Highlights This review appeared in Volume 9 (2) of The Semiotic Review of Books. Mindful Apes by Anne Zeller Reaching Into Thought: The Minds of the Great Apes. Ed. by. Anne E. Russon, Kim A. Bard and Sue Taylor Parker, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1996. pp 464. ISBN 0521 47168 Chapter 4 compares aspects of social intelligence between apes and monkeys, in this case macaques. The research observes a particular level of social skill in post conflict situations, based on activities of a third party. The two third party behaviours investigated are third party mediated reconciliation and consolation of the loser. The varying levels of these behaviours seen between chimpanzees and macaques may partly rest on social constraints which in the more hierarchically organized macaques may interfere with loser support. In addition the argument is put forward that for chimpanzee consolation is really a more intellectually oriented event in that it involves the idea of comprehending the upset mental state of the recipient of consolation without sharing the emotion and thus becoming involved in the conflict. This ability differs from third party intervention, which is seen in macaques, because of the mental aspect of seeing yourself in another's situation. In conclusion Russon argued that the learning involved was not necessarily the main function of the imitation. Rather, by replicating non specific behaviour of favoured demonstrators, such as placing grave markers or sharpening blow gun darts they were participating in the demonstrators social circle. Interpersonal goals are seen in human infants who play peekaboo or replicate the posture and words of others. These interpersonal goals may well reflect the social bases which have been argued to underlay intellectual capabilities in apes. This level of understanding the possible goals of orangutans is quite different from the experimentally induced physically matched, goal directed behaviour regarded as true imitation in many lab situations.

73. Apes & Monkeys to think inhumanlike ways; Since the apes housed at the Center have been foster-raisedby human caretakers, they are considered enculturated (as opposed to http://www.monkeymaddness.com/apes_monkeys/bbm5.htm

Bulletin Board Comments On: Prime Apes From: Brad on 02/12/98 FINALLY, WE HAVE OUR SANCTUARY HOME! After 3 years of searching over 150 properties in Florida, we've found our sanctuary location for orangutans and chimpanzees. We've had to consider many factors such as climate, surrounding development, landscape, and nearby veterinary facilities in order to locate a site where we could care for adult apes for the next 50 years. Our property is located in South Central Florida in Wauchula (near Sebring and Avon Park). It's 3 hours north of Miami, 11/2 hours south of Orlando, or 1 hour south of Tampa. It's a truly beautiful tropical forest setting very similar to the natural habitat of these apes in the wild. In addition to large oak trees, sweet gum, and southern maple, there are palm trees and banana trees... as well as citrus and exotic fruits growing on the site. A creek runs through the middle of the sanctuary, and there are two geodesic-dome buildings to house our office, staff, and visitors. An additional small cottage at the north end of the site will make a comfortable temporary home for students doing observational and behavioral research. (The property and structures have been purchased privately and are being donated to our 501 (c)(3) nonprofit sanctuary.) We received immediate approval from the county for zoning, and our next step is to build habitats and nighthouses for the apes. The challenge is to construct something which will meet all state and federal requirements for housing adult orangutans and chimpanzees as well as providing enriching habitats with large spaces for climbing and running..... and within a budget we can afford! We've had good advice from zoo personnel and private builders and we are very happy that Lundy Clarke of the engineering firm of CRA Clarke, Inc. has donated her expertise in design and planning.

74. Reaching Into Thought - Cambridge University Press Simon says The development of imitation in an enculturated orangutan H. Lyn Miles Selfawarenessand self-knowledge in humans, apes and monkeys Daniel Hart and http://books.cambridge.org/0521644968.htm

Home Catalogue Related Areas: Biological Sciences New titles Email For updates on new titles in: Biological Sciences Reaching into Thought The Minds of the Great Apes Edited by Anne E. Russon, Kim A. Bard, Sue Taylor Parker Hardback In stock What special qualities of mind set the great apes apart from other nonhuman primates, and indeed from ourselves? In this book, field and laboratory researchers show that the great apes have high level abilities in both social and ecological domains, including tool use, pretense, self-awareness, deception, consolation, teaching and culture itself. Great apes are also shown to be capable of thinking at symbolic levels, traditionally considered to be uniquely human. Here, the mechanisms involved in building these abilities - especially the lengthy developmental and ‘enculturation’ processes - are emphasized, showing how new discoveries are changing views on how primates and human intelligence evolved. This book is for anyone interested in current research and theoretical views of great ape cognition. Reviews ‘ excellent chapters based on both captive and field experiments.’Craig B. Stanford, The Quarterly Review of Biology

75. Florida Atlantic University, Department Of Psychology. Graduate Deferred imitation in juvenile humanreared great apes Can it provide some cluesto Generalization of imitation in enculturated chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). http://www.psy.fau.edu/graduate/research6-evolutionary.html

76. EDWARDS, D. (1994): Imitation And Artifice In Apes, Humans, And Machines it comes to the manufacture of agents, whether humans, apes or computers in whichhuman infants are thought to become agentive, enculturated, languageusing http://www.cts.cuni.cz/~konopas/liter/Edwards_Imitation and Artifice in Apes Hum

Tento text je zde vyberove zpristupnen vyhradne pro individualni studijni ucely. Nesirte ho, prosim, dale. This text has been made available here for individual study purpose only. Please, do not distribute it further. EDWARDS, D. (1994): Imitation and artifice in apes, humans, and machines. American Behavioral Scientist Abstract: Suggests that the issue of nonhuman agency may be resolved not through ontology but as a matter of social and descriptive practices. Analysis of behavioral scientist B.L. Whorf's paradox on the reflexive problems of description; Nonhumans capacity to render themselves in human language; Attribution/anthropomorphism quandary. Mrs. Johns. . . was delighted with her bird's new home. "You could tell he was really pleased, he ran about rounding up his hens." The Guardian, June 1, 1993 This snippet from a human interest story concerns a noisy cockerel, "Corky," recently relocated to a remote farmyard to avoid disturbing a neighbor who had won a court case to get the bird silenced. Other neighbors were reported to have joined Mrs. Johns in what the judge called "some sort of crusade on behalf of oppressed chickens" (Sharrock, 1993). Note the similarity between Mrs. Johns's reported reaction and that attributed to her cockerel, and the reason given for that attribution. Try substituting annoyed, anxious, unhappy or other negative feelings for "pleased" and see if the sentence is any less convincing. LOOKING IN THE MIRROR The most common trope for these concerns must be the "Mirror to Man." We study apes, "those amazing creatures that can teach us so much about ourselves" (Goodall, 1971, p. 14). "Discovery of extraterrestrial life would utterly transform our own view of ourselves as a species" (Professor Martin Rees, Director of Cambridge University's Institute of Astronomy, quoted in "SETIthe search," 1990). Technology in general may be seen as the Mirror (Woolgar, 1987, p. 312), or at least artificial intelligence (AI) may, and some projections of that enterprise produce reflections indistinguishable from the human original: "If machines do come to simulate all of our internal cognitive activities, to the last computational detail, to deny them the status of genuine persons would be nothing but a new form of racism" (Churchland, 1988, p. 120).

77. Bomis Search Results: Apes ring. Based on data from Mozilla. 60, The Science/Social Sciences/Anthropology/EnculturatedApes ring. Based on data from Mozilla. 48, http://www.bomis.com/searchring.fcgi?request=Apes

78. Jim Davies: Primatech A cognitive model of Chantek, a signing orangutan, for an installation at Zoo Atlanta.Category Science Social Sciences Ape Sign Language...... please contact Jim Davies (jimmydavies@usa.net). Web links for enculturatedand signing apes; Online American Sign Language Dictionary; http://www.cc.gatech.edu/gvu/perception/projects/primatech/

Primatech The goal of this project is to create an installation that simulates talking to a sign-language using orangutan. Please read the The June 1999 report and look at the diagram for a good overview. If you would like to contribute to this project, please contact Jim Davies (jimmydavies@usa.net) Web links for enculturated and signing apes Online American Sign Language Dictionary Papers The seed grant proposal submitted 6/98, also available in text form. June 1999 report Talks Presentation to the Computational Perception Lab 9/29/1998 Brownbag for Cognitive Science on 2/12/99 Brownbag for GVU 9-30-1999: "Primatech: Models and future directions." (abstract) Projects for undergrads and new grad students (7100, UROC, etc.) Path Planning and Collision Avoidance of Two Limbs Animating American Sign Language Undergrad project description on UROC Contributers to the project Jim Davies, jimmydavies@usa.net (cognitive modeling) Lyn Miles, lmiles@cecasun.utc.edu (language training) Tim Keenan, tk@cc.gatech.edu (graphics)

79. Access 10,000 + Universities And Colleges At Universities.com - (campus And Dist Language in apes How Much Do They Know and How Much Should We Teach Them Introductoryoverview of ape language research, its history and its practice. http://www.studentbody.com/Directory/Science/Social_Sciences/Anthropology/Encult

StudentBody.com Home Home My Account ... Anthropology : Enculturated Apes Description See also: Science: Biology: Zoology: Chordates: Mammals: Primates Society: Issues: Animal Welfare: Specific Animals: Primates Are Nonhuman Species Capable of Language Acquisition? - A discussion of the value and validity of ape language research. The Case Against the Animal Mind - A article by Clive Wynne that argues evidence from the ape sign language studies demonstrates that our closest animal relatives do not have consciousness. Chimpanzee and Great Ape Language Resources - Includes links, online texts, and ape images. At the Anthropology Department, Brown University The Chimpanzee and Human Communication Institute - This institute at Central Washington University cares for five chimpanzees who are being taught American Sign Language. ChimpanZoo - This Jane Goodall Institute sponsored program for research, enrichment and education, of and for captive chimpanzees, is in Arizona. Koko the Gorilla - The Gorilla Foundation brings interspecies communication to the public through Koko, famous for her sign language skills. Language in Apes: How Much Do They Know and How Much Should We Teach Them - Introductory overview of ape language research, its history and its practice.

80. Scholarly Interests, 4/98 Deferred imitation of objectrelated actions in enculturated, juvenile greatapes. Paper presented at Conference on Human Development, Mobile, AL. http://www.psy.fau.edu/dev/dfb/research.html

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